Water Quality in the Waitaki Lakes and the Waitaki River Graeme Clarke

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Water quality in the Waitaki Lakes and the Waitaki River Graeme Clarke Topics • Nutrients? • Nutrient uptake in lakes • Waitaki River - current state • Summary • Lakes –Focus on total nutrients (TN,TP) –Includes nutrients bound in phytoplankton • Rivers –Focus on dissolved plant available nutrients (DIN,DRP) –Very little / no phytoplankton –DIN and DRP drive benthic algal growth Phytoplankton – convert dissolved plant available nutrients to organic matter Benthic algae – take up nutrients less efficiently Influence of lake residence time on algal response 57 days 75 days 14 days 1.1 days Longer residence time = greater uptake of nutrients Lake Benmore at dam 0-10m deep. Nitrogen concentrations 350 300 250 Lake 200 DIN 150 Lake 100 TN 50 0 Low concentrations of plant available nutrients – most converted to phytoplankton Lake Benmore at dam 0-10m deep. Phosphorus concentrations 12 10 8 6 4 Lake DRP 2 Lake TP 0 Low concentrations of plant available nutrients – most converted to phytoplankton Lake Benmore at dam 60m deep. Nitrogen concentrations 140 120 100 Lake DIN 80 Lake TN 60 40 20 0 More DIN at greater depth – nutrient cycling and less assimilation/uptake by phytoplankton 30 25 Lake 20 DIN 15 River DIN 10 5 0 Lake Benmore at dam and upper Waitaki River DIN concentrations roughly correlated 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 DissolvedInorganic Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.2 0.0 Padkins Strm Waitaki River Kurow Awakino River@SH83 Waitaki River above SH1 Penticotico Stream@SH83 Hakataramea River Main Rd Otiake River@Mt Bell Station Hakataramea River Cattle Creek Maerewhenua River@Duntroon Otekaieke River D/S of Bushy Crk Otekaieke River Eastern Road Bridge Currently very low concentrations of DIN in upper Waitaki River • Current nutrient concentrations in upper Waitaki River are very low • A more productive lake system is likely to contribute more nutrients to the Waitaki River but… • Nutrient discharge from lake to the river can be limited by managing lake state • Uncertainties………. What if nutrient loads into the upper Waitaki River increased significantly?… • Increased risk of ‘non-didymo’ nuisance algae growths in Waitaki River – less assimilative capacity (possible implications for North Bank tunnel) • Less effective augmentation of Wainono Lagoon Summary • Current river nutrient concentrations in upper Waitaki River very low. • Lake and river nutrient concentrations related. • Discharge of nutrients into upper Waitaki River from lake can be managed by managing Lake Benmore state (TLI limits) .

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