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New Zealand - the North Island

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New Zealand - the North Island New Zealand - The North Island Northland Auckland Waikato & Bay of Gisborne Plenty H <1% NZ Total 398 ha (2015). 1.1%. 24 ha (2015). 1,914ha (2015) A 35 degrees latitude. 36 degrees latitude. 37 degrees latitude. 38 degrees latitude. L O Most northern portion. Large, geographically diverse area. Scattered among rolling Coastal region, 3rd largest. C Flat areas and gentle slopes. Most land below 150 m, Pockets of flat lands on east coast, or in shelter of western Waitakere farmland. Very hilly landscape fans out into the lush lowland flood plains of the A Surrounded by Pacific Ocean. Nowhere is the sea more ranges. Bay of Plenty, Lake Waipaoa River. T I than 50 km away. Taupo, Waikato River, Flat land vineyards. O Kaimai Range (coastal). Sheltered by western mountains. N Waipaopa River, Poverty Bay, Raukumara Range. Nearly sub-tropical. More sub-tropical. Warm and relatively humid. Maritime influence. Warmer and wetter than Hawkes Bay, especially in the autumn. C Humid, sunny, and warm. Warm, 2,060 hrs sunlight. Mean Feb temps 65.8F Lots of sunshine, 2,180 hours. L NZ’s highest average annual temperature. Cloud cover moderates sunshine for even ripening. (18.8C). Mean Feb temps 66.5F (19.2C). I Mean Feb temps 66.7F (19.3C). Mean Feb temps 67F (19.8C). 23.8” rain during growing 20.6” rain during growing season. M A Warm, wet, temperate. 24.2” rain during growing season. Decreases moving eastward. season. Late summer/autumn rainfall can test producers though recent advances in T 34” rain during growing season. Waiheke Island’s Hauraki Gulf location gives it a distinct climate, being viticultural techniques and site selection makes this less of an issue. E drier, warmer and assisted by cooling sea breezes. Surrounding ranges provide inland shelter and sea breezes cool coastal sites. Varied soils. Mainly heavy clays, volcanic soils, layered sandstone and mudstone. Waikato - heavy loam Fertile alluvial loam soils over sandy or volcanic sub-soils. Grey-brown, clay-rich loam soils. All sub-regions can vary significantly and while generally soils provide over clay sub-soils. Heavier clays in plains (fleshier wines). S Subsoils of compact clay. quite poor drainage, management and clone selection have enabled Bay of Plenty - volcanic Fine alluvial silt near river with clay and loans (aromatic wines). O Friable volcanic clays in Kerikeri. premium wines. loams. Site selection has moved away from very fertile flood loans towards the I L higher better-drained parts of the plains and foothills. Chardonnay (tropical), Pinot Gris, Viognier. Chardonnay: 64ha. Varying styles of weight. Ripe wines with tropical Primarily Chardonnay. Chardonnay: 794ha (2015).Highly aromatic, rich, lush with fruit. Simple Syrah (spicy), Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon (blends), flavors and fresh, balanced acidity. Kumeu is a top sub region. Cabernet Sauvignon 2nd early-drinking styles a specialty. Top, most intense wines have longevity. Pinotage (peppery), Chambourcin (complexed). Pinot Gris: 30ha. Grown throughout but strong in Matakana. Weighty Sauvignon Blanc 3rd Pinot Gris: 381ha (2014). Promising. Rot resistant varieties. wines with spice, ripe stonefruit and pear. Gewürztraminer: 157ha (2014). Well-textured, strongly aromatic, spicy. V Syrah: 48ha. Sophisticated, intense wines flow from Waiheke where the Viognier: 84ha (2014). Promising. A excitement is building about its aromatic, elegant, pure-fruited Merlot: 103ha (2014). Can be challenging in the climate, but drier years R I expression. give fleshy, flavorsome reds. E Red Blends: 121ha. Stylish red blends common throughout. Dense yet Malbec: Enjoys success in carefully chosen sites. T elegant, commanding acclaim and very high prices. Sauvignon Blanc: 56ha (2014). Very tropical, rip, bold with broad palates. I E Merlot: 50ha. Performs best on heavier soils. Early picked styles can be lighter, herbaceous, zesty. S Cabernet Sauvignon: 31ha Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Semillon, Sparkling wines, Pinot Noir, Pinotage, Cabernet Franc: 24ha. fortified and dessert styles. Malbec: 17ha. Petit Verdot: 5ha. Pinot Noir: 3ha. Revived in the 1990s with canopy management to correct vine vigor. Chardonnay picked 2-3 weeks before Hawkes or Marlborough. V I Ripening grapes generally not a problem. Frequently the country’s first grapes to be harvested. T Disease pressure can be of concern, lessened by site selection and I viticulture techniques. V I N I Northland Auckland Waikato & Bay of Gisborne Plenty Sub-regions: Sub-regions: Sub-regions: Sub-regions: Golden Slope, Ormond, Ormond Valley, Manutuke, Central Kaitaia Waiheke Island: Island. Warm, dry maritime climate promotes intensity, Te Kauwhata Valley, Riverpoint, Patutahi, Patutahi Plateau, Waipaoa. Kerikeri varietal depth and purity of fruit. Renowned for Bordeaux blends, Syrah Te Awamutu Ormond: North of the city, where the river valley narrows into the Whangarei is rising star (fresh, elegant, silky). A range of varieties from Coromandel Peninsula Raukumara Ranges, site of Gisborne’s original vines, and some of todays S Montepulciano to Petit Verdot, Chardonnay to Viognier do well. Lake Taupo best vineyards and wines. Warmer, slightly drier with silt-loams. Home to U B Matakana/Mahurangi: An hour north of Auckland. Rolling hills. Balmy Hamilton the “Golden Slope”, a 10km elevated, gently-sloping free-draining, sandy - and humid. Careful site selection. Vines are recent but produce stylish Rotorua escarpment with limestone-influenced topsoil, producing some of the best R Pinot Gris, Syrah and Bordeaux blends. Warm, spicy wines with good Chardonnay. E G body and texture. Patutahi: 1/3 of the regions vines. A warmer inland site to the west of the I West Auckland: Fertile soils, warm, humid. Source for high quality. city, with lower rainfall (30% less) and well-draining higher and sloping clay O Chardonnay and Merlot are highlights. and silt soils. Very good Gewürztraminer, though a wide range of varieites. N S Clevedon: Rolling hills. Richly flavored with good texture and body. Kumeu/Huapai Manutuke: First vines in 1890s. South of the city, closer to the coast, sea Henderson breezes. Well-drained sandy, silt soils with some heavier complex Kaiti clay to the hillier west suiting Chardonnay; closer to the river conditions can be ideal for botrytised wines as well as finely-textured aromatic wines. P 14 wineries (2015). 111 wineries (2015). 12 wineries (2015). 1,608ha down from 2,000+. R Small production. 10 growers (2015). 0 growers (2015). 18 wineries (2015). O D A few high quality producers - Kerikeri Estate, Oahu Major Producers: Constellation (Nebilo, Monkey Bay, Kim Crawford), Top producers: Morton 41 growers (2015). U Estate, Marsden Estate. Kumeu River, Matua Valley, Babich, Pleasant Valley, Cable Bay, Stony Estate, Vilagrad. Small scale wineries increasing quality image. C Ridge. Major producers: Millton, Brunton Road. T I O N New Zealand - The North Island con’t Hawke’s Bay Gimblett Gravels Wairarapa H 4,773ha (2015) - 2nd largest region. 800ha 1,006ha (2015) A 39 degrees latitude. Small sub-district of Hawke’s Bay. Southern tip of the North Island. L East coast. Along the old concourse of the Ngaruroro River which East of Wellington over Rimutaka Range. O C Coastal ranges up to 1600m to wide fertile plains. was exposed after a huge flood in the 1860s. In the rain shadow of the mountains. A Long broad valley formed by Ruamahanga river, T numerous tributaries running north and east. I O 41 degrees latitude. N Major Natural Features: Aorangi and Tararua Ranges, Ruamahanga River Many mesocllimates. Maritime climate- coolest and driest on North Island Very sunny, with heat summations somewhere between Burgundy and Bordeaux, the maritime influence tempers hot 15” rainfall during growing season. C summer days and permits a long growing season. Cooled by westerly winds. L The surrounding high country offers wind protection though frost can be a risk in some inland areas. Significant diurnal temp swings. I Cooler, wet weather can pose problems in the growing season but free-draining soils help reduce its impact. Cold, autumn rains, rarely promotes botrytis. M A 15.3” rainfall during growing season. Mean February Temps 65.1F (18.4C) T Mean February temps 66.7F (19.3C). Sunlight hours - 1,915. E High sunshine hours - 2,188. Hillsides explored for differences in soil and altitude. They assist in frost protection for more inland sites. Major Natural Features: Heretaunga Plains, Hawke Bay, Ngaruroro River, Tukituki River Varied and complexed soils due to region’s four major rivers. Creates significant impact on viticulture and wine style. Poor, especially deep, well-draining gravels. Thin, poor soils over free draining gravel. Plains: High water table, rich. Densely planted. Alluvial over gravely sub-soils. Sand grains welded together 200 million years ago to Those further away from the Rumahanga River Havelock has more sandy loam over clay pans. form hard sandstone called greywacke. Tectonic plate display a higher content of clay and silt. Adds depth. Hastings is surround by loamy-clays. movement 5 million years ago caused mountains to Terraced soils nearer the river are generally planted S Gimblett Gravels: red metals and famous arid, stoney gravels. form. Rocks broke off falling into Ngaruroro River. on gravel, and tend to be lighter in style and more O Alluvial: poor drainage and high vigor. Ultimately creating Omahu soils, fine loamy sand topsoil, elegant. I Other regions: deep, well drained gravel soils, induce water stress. overlying stony gravels mixed with varying proportions of Martinborough- shallow silt loams with gravel sub- L Surrounding rolling hill country is clay and limestone-based. sand, and horizontally bedded lenses of non-stony sand soils. Bridge Pa contains the oldest soils on the Heretaunga Plains. Distinct as they consist of low fertile, free draining alluvium between the stony layers. deposit or eroded ash, loess and sediments. Hawke’s Bay Gimblett Gravels Wairarapa Coastal Region: early-ripening reds, crisp Sauvignon Blanc and premium Chardonnay. Ideal for high quality reds.
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