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World Wildlife Crime Report World Wildlife Crime Report Pre-publication DRAFT REPORT Confidential – not for not for quotation Introduction to the pre-publication draft Illicit trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna is a widespread organized criminal activity, involving transnational networks. There is a growing mobilization of the international community to respond to this threat and UNODC has been asked by Member States to play an active role in multilateral efforts to counter it. In 2013, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) adopted a resolution (E/RES/2013/40) requesting UNODC, in consultation with Member States and in cooperation with other competent intergovernmental organizations, such as the Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the World Customs Organization (WCO), INTERPOL, the World Bank and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), to undertake case studies that focus on organized crime networks involved in the illicit trafficking of specific protected species of wild fauna and flora, their parts and derivatives. Subsequently, the General Assembly called upon UNODC, in line with the aforementioned resolution, to continue to collect information on patterns and flows of illicit trafficking in wildlife and to report thereon (A/RES/69/314). UNODC Executive Director Yury Fedotov announced at the 23rd Session of Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (May 2014) that UNODC would initiate a “vigorous and dedicated research and analysis effort on wildlife and forest crime, with the aim to help generate the systematic assessments that the international community needs to inform responses.” This research would take stock of the present wildlife crime situation and conduct a broad assessment of the nature and extent of the problem at the global level. The World Wildlife Crime Report presents the findings of the global research effort to empirically assess illicit trafficking of specific protected species of wild fauna and flora, their parts and derivatives at the global level. It is based on a World Wildlife Seizures Database compiled by UNODC with the support of the International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime (ICCWC), comprised of the CITES Secretariat, INTERPOL, the World Bank, WCO, and UNODC. The Report gives a global overview of wildlife seizures in the context of the global trade in protected species. It includes case studies of seven key wildlife product markets: ivory, rosewood, oud (agarwood), live parrots, caviar, pangolin, and reptile skins. The detailed descriptions of each of these markets comprise the bulk of the report. The report gives insight into the way illegally sourced wildlife is introduced into legal wildlife product markets worldwide. The prepublication draft of the World Wildlife Crime Report contains the statistical material, including tables, maps and graphs, that could be assembled up to 31 October 2015. The document is to be used exclusively for review by Member States and is not for quotation or dissemination. The final report is scheduled for publication in May 2016. The document can be downloaded from the UNODC website at: www.unodc.org/unodc/wwcr/index.html User id: wildlife Password: 2015wwcr The information in the prepublication draft will also be made available for circulation to CITES Management Authorities. i Governments wishing to comment on the statistics are requested to send in their observations to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Research and Trend Analysis Branch, by 20 January 2016 cob. Only comments received before the above mentioned deadline in writing will be considered. Please send comments to: UNODC Research and Trend Analysis Branch (RAB) Vienna International Centre PO Box 500,1 400 Vienna, Austria Fax: (43 1) 26060 5827 E-Mail: [email protected] ii Explanatory Notes This report has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The names of territories and administrative areas are in italics. Countries and areas are referred to by the names that were in official use at the time the relevant data were collected. The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations. The designations used in this study are based on the United Nations M.49 geographical regions for statistical use, which have been developed, used and maintained by the United Nations Statistical Division. Maps are in line with the United Nations Secretariat standards. A dotted line represents approximately the line of control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The parties have not yet agreed upon the final status of Jammu and Kashmir. Disputed boundaries (China/India) are represented by cross hatch due to the impossibility of detail. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). The following abbreviations have been used in this report: CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES ETIS CITES Elephant Trade Information System EIA Environmental Investigation Agency FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO FIGIS FAO Fisheries Global Information System INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization IUCN/SSC International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission IUCN/SSC/AFESG IUCN/SSC/African Elephant Specialist Group TAWIRI Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute TEFAF The European Fine Art Foundation UN COMTRADE United Nations Comtrade Database, International Trade Statistics,- Import/Export Data UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime WCO World Customs Organization Weights and measurements: u Unit lt Litre kg Kilogram ha Hectare mt Metric ton iii Sources of Information The prepublication draft of the World Wildlife Crime Report is based primarily on the World Wildlife Seizures Database compiled by UNODC with the support of ICCWC. UNODC has been able to assemble seizure data from the CITES annual, biennial and special reports, as well as the WCO’s Customs Enforcement Network Database (CEN). This was supplemented by other sources, such as the regional Wildlife Enforcement Networks (WENs), when necessary and where available. Data from all the mentioned sources have been cleaned and standardised to produce a global wildlife database which currently contains some 160,000 seizures from 114 countries. The following data sources are used in the World Wildlife Seizures Database (see Annex 1 for a summary table of wildlife seizures and sources by country): ASEAN WEN – The Association of Southeast Asian Nations' Wildlife Enforcement Network is a wildlife law enforcement network that involves police, customs and environment agencies of all 10 ASEAN countries - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand. Australian Permits Administration Database Brazil National Data - National wildlife seizure data provided by the ‘Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis’ (Ibama). CITES Annual Reports - Under Article VIII, paragraph 7, CITES requires each Party to submit an annual report on its CITES trade, containing a summary of information on, inter alia, the number and type of permits and certificates granted, the States with which such trade occurred, the quantities and types of specimens, and the names of species as included in Appendices I, II and III. CITES Biennial Reports - Under Article VIII paragraph 7, CITES also requires each Party to submit a biennial report on legislative, regulatory and administrative measures taken to enforce the Convention. Among the data gathered are seizures of illicit wildlife products. CITES SRR and other reports – This includes information extracted from CITES reports resulting from Special Reporting Requirements, as well as reports of the Standing Committee, Plants Committee and Animals Committee. COBRA3 - Operation COBRA III was the biggest ever coordinated international law enforcement operation targeting the illegal trade in endangered species. Conducted in two phases between mid-March and the end of May 2015, saw the participation of law enforcement teams and agencies from 62 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia and America. EAGLE - Eco Activists for Governance and Law Enforcement is comprised of several NGO's operating in Western Africa aimed at detecting, combating, and regulating corruption and wildlife crime. EAGLE is currently active in Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Togo, Benin, Senegal, and Uganda. Environment ZA - The Department of Environmental Affairs of the Republic of South Africa. EU-TWIX - A database that has been constructed to provide an overview of wildlife seizures in the EU, and aid law enforcement agencies in their efforts to detect, analyse and regulate illegal activities related to trade in flora and fauna. iv Lusaka Agreement Taskforce Secretariat - The
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