Gestalt Isomorphism and the Primacy of Subjective Conscious Experience: a Gestalt Bubble Model
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Longitudinal Investigation of Disparity Vergence in Young Adult Convergence Insufficiency Patients
New Jersey Institute of Technology Digital Commons @ NJIT Theses Electronic Theses and Dissertations Summer 2019 Longitudinal investigation of disparity vergence in young adult convergence insufficiency patients Patrick C. Crincoli New Jersey Institute of Technology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/theses Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons Recommended Citation Crincoli, Patrick C., "Longitudinal investigation of disparity vergence in young adult convergence insufficiency patients" (2019). Theses. 1683. https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/theses/1683 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ NJIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ NJIT. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright Warning & Restrictions The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a, user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use” that user may be liable for copyright infringement, This institution -
Geometry of Some Functional Architectures of Vision
Singular Landscapes: in honor of Bernard Teissier 22-26 June, 2015 Geometry of some functional architectures of vision Jean Petitot CAMS, EHESS, Paris J. Petitot Neurogeometry Bernard and visual neuroscience Bernard helped greatly the developement of geometrical models in visual neuroscience. In 1991 he organized the first seminars on these topics at the ENS and founded in 1999 with Giuseppe Longo the seminar Geometry and Cognition. From 1993 on, he organized at the Treilles Foundation many workshops with specialists such as Jean-Michel Morel, David Mumford, G´erard Toulouse, St´ephaneMallat, Yves Fr´egnac, Jean Lorenceau, Olivier Faugeras. He organised also in 1998 with J.-M. Morel and D. Mumford a special quarter Mathematical Questions on Signal and Image processing at the IHP. He worked with Alain Berthoz at the College de France (Daniel Bennequin worked also a lot there on geometrical models in visual neuroscience). J. Petitot Neurogeometry Introduction to Neurogeometry In this talk I would try to explain some aspects of Neurogeometry, concerning the link between natural low level vision of mammals and geometrical concepts such as fibrations, singularities, contact structure, polarized Heisenberg group, sub-Riemannian geometry, noncommutative harmonic analysis, etc. I will introduce some very basic and elementary experimental facts and theoretical concepts. QUESTION: How the visual brain can be a neural geometric engine? J. Petitot Neurogeometry The visual brain Here is an image of the human brain. It shows the neural pathways from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamic relay) and then to the occipital primary visual cortex (area V 1). J. Petitot Neurogeometry fMRI of human V1 fMRI of the retinotopic projection of a visual hemifield on the corresponding V1 (human) hemisphere. -
The Figure Is in the Brain of the Beholder: Neural Correlates of Individual Percepts in The
The Figure is in the Brain of the Beholder: Neural Correlates of Individual Percepts in the Bistable Face-Vase Image A Thesis Presented to The Division of Philosophy, Religion, Psychology, and Linguistics Reed College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts Phoebe Bauer May 2015 Approved for the Division (Psychology) Michael Pitts Acknowledgments I think some people experience a degree of unease when being taken care of, so they only let certain people do it, or they feel guilty when it happens. I don’t really have that. I love being taken care of. Here is a list of people who need to be explicitly thanked because they have done it so frequently and are so good at it: Chris: thank you for being my support system across so many contexts, for spinning with me, for constantly reminding me what I’m capable of both in and out of the lab. Thank you for validating and often mirroring my emotions, and for never leaving a conflict unresolved. Rennie: thank you for being totally different from me and yet somehow understanding the depths of my opinions and thought experiments. Thank you for being able to talk about magic. Thank you for being my biggest ego boost and accepting when I internalize it. Ben: thank you for taking the most important classes with me so that I could get even more out of them by sharing. Thank you for keeping track of priorities (quality dining: yes, emotional explanations: yes, fretting about appearances: nu-uh). #AshHatchtag & Stella & Master Tran: thank you for being a ceaseless source of cheer and laughter and color and love this year. -
UC Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society
UC Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Voluntary versus Involuntary Perceptual Switching: Mechanistic Differences in Viewing an Ambiguous Figure Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/333348w4 Journal Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 27(27) ISSN 1069-7977 Authors Rambusch, Jana Ziemke, Tom Publication Date 2005 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Voluntary versus Involuntary Perceptual Switching: Mechanistic Differences in Viewing an Ambiguous Figure Michelle Umali ([email protected]) Center for Neurobiology & Behavior, Columbia University 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA Marc Pomplun ([email protected]) Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts at Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA Abstract frequency, blink frequency, and pupil size, which have been robustly correlated with cognitive function (see Rayner, Here we demonstrate the mechanistic differences between 1998, for a review). Investigators utilizing this method have voluntary and involuntary switching of the perception of an examined the regions within ambiguous figures that receive ambiguous figure. In our experiment, participants viewed a attention during a specific interpretation, as well as changes 3D ambiguous figure, the Necker cube, and were asked to maintain one of two possible interpretations across four in eye movement parameters that may specify the time of different conditions of varying cognitive load. These switch. conditions differed in the instruction to freely view, make For example, Ellis and Stark (1978) reported that guided saccades, or fixate on a central cross. In the fourth prolonged fixation duration occurs at the time of perceptual condition, subjects were instructed to make guided saccades switching. -
Frontoparietal Activity and Its Structural Connectivity in Binocular Rivalry
Author's personal copy BRAIN RESEARCH 1305 (2009) 96– 107 available at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/brainres Research Report Frontoparietal activity and its structural connectivity in binocular rivalry Juliane C. Wilckea,b,⁎, Robert P. O'Sheac,d, Richard Wattsb,e aDepartment of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand cDepartment of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand dPsychology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia eVan der Veer Institute for Parkinson's and Brain Research, Christchurch, New Zealand ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: To understand the brain areas associated with visual awareness and their anatomical Accepted 20 September 2009 interconnections, we studied binocular rivalry with functional magnetic resonance imaging Available online 25 September 2009 (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Binocular rivalry occurs when one image is viewed by one eye and a different image by the other; it is experienced as perceptual alternations Keywords: between the two images. Our first experiment addressed problems with a popular Visual awareness comparison condition, namely permanentsuppression,bycomparingrivalrywith Conscious perception binocular fusion instead. We found an increased fMRI signal in right frontal, parietal, and Binocular rivalry occipital regions during rivalry viewing. The pattern of neural activity differed from findings Binocular fusion of permanent suppression comparisons, except for adjacent activity in the right superior fMRI parietal lobule. This location was near fMRI signal changes related to reported rivalry DTI tractography alternations in our second experiment, indicating that neighbouring areas in the right parietal cortex may be involved in different components of rivalry. -
The Perception of Color from Motion
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title The perception of color from motion. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01g8j7f5 Journal Perception & psychophysics, 57(6) ISSN 0031-5117 Authors Cicerone, CM Hoffman, DD Gowdy, PD et al. Publication Date 1995-08-01 DOI 10.3758/bf03206792 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Perception & Psychophysics /995,57(6),76/-777 The perception of color from motion CAROLM. CICERONE, DONALD D. HOFFMAN, PETER D, GOWDY, and JIN S. KIM University ofCalifornia, Irvine, California Weintroduce and explore a color phenomenon which requires the priorperception of motion to pro duce a spread of color over a region defined by motion. Wecall this motion-induced spread of colordy namic color spreading. The perception of dynamic color spreading is yoked to the perception of ap parentmotion: As the ratings of perceived motion increase, the ratings of color spreading increase. The effect is most pronounced ifthe region defined by motion is near 10 of visual angle. As the luminance contrast between the region defined by motion and the surround changes, perceived saturation of color spreading changes while perceived hue remains roughly constant. Dynamic color spreading is some times, but not always, bounded by a subjective contour. Wediscuss these findings in terms of interac tions between color and motion pathways. Neon color spreading (see, e.g., van Tuijl, 1975; Varin, Mathematica (Version 2.03) program used for generating 1971) shows that the colors we perceive do not always such frames is given in Appendix A. -
Important Processes Illustrated September 22, 2021
Important Processes Illustrated September 22, 2021 Copyright © 2012-2021 John Franklin Moore. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5 Consciousness>Sense .................................................................................................................... 6 space and senses ....................................................................................................................... 6 Consciousness>Sense>Hearing>Music ..................................................................................... 18 tone in music ........................................................................................................................... 18 Consciousness>Sense>Touch>Physiology ................................................................................ 23 haptic touch ............................................................................................................................ 23 Consciousness>Sense>Vision>Physiology>Depth Perception ................................................ 25 distance ratio .......................................................................................................................... 25 Consciousness>Sense>Vision>Physiology>Depth Perception ................................................ 31 triangulation by eye .............................................................................................................. -
M Pathway and Areas 44 and 45 Are Involved in Stereoscopic Recognition Based on Binocular Disparity
Japanese Journal of Physiology, 52, 191–198, 2002 M Pathway and Areas 44 and 45 Are Involved in Stereoscopic Recognition Based on Binocular Disparity Tsuneo NEGAWA, Shinji MIZUNO*, Tomoya HAHASHI, Hiromi KUWATA†, Mihoko TOMIDA, Hiroaki HOSHI*, Seiichi ERA, and Kazuo KUWATA Departments of Physiology, * Radiology, and † Nursing Course, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, 500–8705 Japan Abstract: We characterized the visual path- was reported that these regions were inactive ways involved in the stereoscopic recognition of during the monocular stereopsis. To separate the the random dot stereogram based on the binocu- specific responses directly caused by the stereo- lar disparity employing a functional magnetic res- scopic recognition process from the nonspecific onance imaging (fMRI). The V2, V3, V4, V5, in- ones caused by the memory load or the inten- traparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior temporal tion, we designed a novel frequency labeled sulcus (STS) were significantly activated during tasks (FLT) sequence. The functional MRI using the binocular stereopsis, but the inferotemporal the FLT indicated that the activation of areas 44 gyrus (ITG) was not activated. Thus a human M and 45 is correlated with the stereoscopic recog- pathway may be part of a network involved in the nition based on the binocular disparity but not stereoscopic processing based on the binocular with the intention artifacts, suggesting that areas disparity. It is intriguing that areas 44 (Broca’s 44 and 45 play an essential role in the binocular area) and 45 in the left hemisphere were also ac- disparity. [Japanese Journal of Physiology, 52, tive during the binocular stereopsis. -
Symmetric Networks with Geometric Constraints As Models of Visual Illusions
S S symmetry Article Symmetric Networks with Geometric Constraints as Models of Visual Illusions Ian Stewart 1,*,† and Martin Golubitsky 2,† 1 Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK 2 Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 17 May 2019; Accepted: 13 June 2019; Published: 16 June 2019 Abstract: Multistable illusions occur when the visual system interprets the same image in two different ways. We model illusions using dynamic systems based on Wilson networks, which detect combinations of levels of attributes of the image. In most examples presented here, the network has symmetry, which is vital to the analysis of the dynamics. We assume that the visual system has previously learned that certain combinations are geometrically consistent or inconsistent, and model this knowledge by adding suitable excitatory and inhibitory connections between attribute levels. We first discuss 4-node networks for the Necker cube and the rabbit/duck illusion. The main results analyze a more elaborate model for the Necker cube, a 16-node Wilson network whose nodes represent alternative orientations of specific segments of the image. Symmetric Hopf bifurcation is used to show that a small list of natural local geometric consistency conditions leads to alternation between two global percepts: cubes in two different orientations. The model also predicts brief transitional states in which the percept involves impossible rectangles analogous to the Penrose triangle. A tristable illusion generalizing the Necker cube is modelled in a similar manner. -
The Perception of Transparent Three-Dimensional Objects (Vision͞illusion͞visual Learning͞association)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 6517–6522, June 1997 Neurobiology The perception of transparent three-dimensional objects (visionyillusionyvisual learningyassociation) DALE PURVES* AND TIMOTHY J. ANDREWS Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 Contributed by Dale Purves, April 9, 1997 ABSTRACT When the proximal and distal elements of orientation, the cube appears to be balanced on its distal– wire-frame cubes are conflated, observers perceive illusory inferior vertex, with the surface on which it actually rests rising structures that no longer behave veridically. These phenom- from the balance point (see Figs. 1 and 2). (Illusory, in this ena suggest that what we normally see depends on visual case, means an interpretation of the stimulus that does not associations generated by experience. The necessity of such accord with the configuration of the object determined by learning may explain why the mammalian visual system is direct measurement.) In short, the observer no longer judges subject to a prolonged period of plasticity in early life, when the object to be a cube, despite the unchanged retinal image, novel circuits are made in enormous numbers. knowledge of its actual structure, and the immediately pre- ceding perception of a cube in top-down view. Information generated by the eyes is ambiguous. Everyday we A first order explanation of these phenomena follows from have to make decisions (about the size and distance of objects, the geometry of the situation. Because of their greater dis- their form, and whether they are moving) based on retinal tance, the angles subtended on the retina by the distal elements images that can have two or more meanings (1–4). -
Subject Index
Subject Index Absence, 47, 79, 83, 87, 89, 131, 143, 204, Appearances, 8, 10, 11, 17, 19, 51, 96, 112, 227, 230, 232, 265, 267, 268, 271, 272, 279, 121, 123, 127, 128, 130, 159, 162, 180, 315, 317, 318, 320–325, 354, 373 184–192, 224, 242, 261, 288, 289, 292, Abstraction, 6, 172, 174, 176, 178, 187, 194, 322–325, 335, 350–352, 356, 357, 359, 361, 338, 354, 368, 369, 373, 375, 400, 402, 404, 365, 373, 406 412 Art, 17, 20, 31, 93, 131, 338, 399–404, 411– Accident, 128, 144, 145, 189, 204, 212, 213, 420 234, 360, 364 abstract art, 20, 401–405, 411, 412 Accommodation, 203, 211, 224–226 color, 402, 403–404 Action-perception synergies, 131, 132, 133 compositional techniques, 399–404 Activation zone, 375 constructivism, 396, 398, 406, 407, 412, Active vision, 131 418 Adaptive strategies, 85, 96, 97 generative art, 20, 411, 412, 414–418 Additive scanning, 364 history, 184, 393 Aesthetics, 2, 9, 16, 17, 85, 90, 91, 93, 97, 113, modulation, 83, 402–403 121, 413 Pop/Op, 31, 113, 124, 352 Affine distortion, 220, 223 Artificial intelligence, 1, 28, 31 Affordance, 14, 15, 186, 338, 356, 359 Artistic expression, 83, 85, 90, 91, 97 Afterimage, 112, 149, 150 Astigmatism, 112 Alphabet, 271, 347, 351, 367 Attention, 6, 51, 84, 96, 99, 100, 125, 174, Amodal, 47, 315, 336 190, 355, 356, 375, 376, 394, 396, 397 boundaries, 263, 266 Attneave points, 5, 125, 129 completion, 175, 261, 265, 270, 273, 315, Auditory objects, 340 318, 322–324, 328, 329, 374, 376 Auffälligkeit, 375 contours, 8, 15, 19, 263, 280 Automatic processes, 4, 32, 85, 96, 97, 100, perception, -
Optical Illusion - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Optical illusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Try Beta Log in / create account article discussion edit this page history [Hide] Wikipedia is there when you need it — now it needs you. $0.6M USD $7.5M USD Donate Now navigation Optical illusion Main page From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Featured content This article is about visual perception. See Optical Illusion (album) for Current events information about the Time Requiem album. Random article An optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is characterized by search visually perceived images that differ from objective reality. The information gathered by the eye is processed in the brain to give a percept that does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source. There are three main types: literal optical illusions that create images that are interaction different from the objects that make them, physiological ones that are the An optical illusion. The square A About Wikipedia effects on the eyes and brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type is exactly the same shade of grey Community portal (brightness, tilt, color, movement), and cognitive illusions where the eye as square B. See Same color Recent changes and brain make unconscious inferences. illusion Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Contents [hide] Help 1 Physiological illusions toolbox 2 Cognitive illusions 3 Explanation of cognitive illusions What links here 3.1 Perceptual organization Related changes 3.2 Depth and motion perception Upload file Special pages 3.3 Color and brightness