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Contribución Al Conocimiento De Aphididae Y Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) De Panamá

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Contribución Al Conocimiento De Aphididae Y Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) De Panamá November - December 2009 791 SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Contribución al Conocimiento de Aphididae y Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) de Panamá DORA I QUIRÓS1, GEORGES REMAUDIÈRE2, JUAN M NIETO NAFRÍA3 1Lab. de Estudios Biológicos de Plagas Agrícolas y Escuela de Biología, Univ. de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá; [email protected] 2Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, USM 602, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, Francia; [email protected] 3Depto. de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Univ. de León, 24071 León, España; [email protected] Edited by Roberto A Zucchi – ESALQ/USP Neotropical Entomology 38(6):791-800 (2009) Contribution to the Knowledge of the Aphididae and Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) from Panama ABSTRACT - A catalogue is presented containing 71 species of aphids and one phylloxerid from Panama. Fifty-nine species are new records for Panama and 12 of them are new records for Central America. Eleven species are of Neotropical origin and 17 are of Nearctic origin. Forty-four species own their presence in Panama to direct or indirect anthropogenic introduction. The catalogue records 227 “aphid species/host-plant species” relationships, with 25 new records “aphid species/host-plant genus”. KEY WORDS: Aphid, Phylloxerid, Central America RESUMEN - Se establece el catálogo de los áfi dos y fi loxéridos de Panamá, respectivamente con 71 y one especies. Se citan por vez primera en Panamá 59 especies de áfi dos y 12 de ellas por primera vez en América Central. Once especies son de origen neotropical y 17 tienen origen neártico; 44 especies tienen otros orígenes y su presencia en Panamá se ha de deber directa o indirectamente a introducciones antrópicas. Se proporcionan 227 relaciones “especie de pulgón / especie de planta hospedadora”, con 25 nuevas relaciones “especie de pulgón / género de planta hospedadora”. PALABRAS CLAVE: Áfi do, fi loxérido, Centroamérica Generalmente se admite que la fauna de pulgones de la consecuencia el conocimiento de las áfi dofaunas de los países franja tropical del Mundo es pobre con relación a la fauna centroamericanos es de un especial interés para saber de la de pulgones de la franja templada septentrional, tanto en distribución de los pulgones. Pero solamente se conocen con términos absolutos como en proporción a la riqueza vegetal una cierta profundidad las áfi dofaunas de Nicaragua, Costa existente en ella (Dixon 1998), aunque las faunas de pulgones - Rica y Honduras (Maes 1998, Voegtlin et al 2003, Evans & incluyendo Aphididae, Phylloxeridae, Adelgidae (Hemiptera: Halbert 2007) y apenas si hay datos de las áfi dofaunas de Sternorrhyncha) - de muchos de los países situados en ella Guatemala, Belice, El Salvador y Panamá. están mal o muy mal conocidas. En esa franja tropical, las En concreto, en Panamá a comienzos de 2008 se conocían zonas de altura son más ricas en especies que las zonas de solamente 12 especies de áfi dos, de las que cuatro son menor altitud, y en ellas la proporción de especies nativas de nativas (posiblemente neotropicales, y al menos americanas) la zona sobre el total de especies es mayor (Calilung 1967, y ocho son exóticas introducidas (Smith & Cermeli 1979, Remaudière & Autrique 1985, Noordam 1994), posiblemente Remaudière et al 1992, Remaudière & Muñoz Viveros porque la fl ora de esas zonas de altura tiene rasgos comunes 1992a,b, Quednau & Remaudière 1996, Maes 1998, CABI/ con la fl ora de las zonas templadas próximas y también por EPPO 1998, 2001, Quednau 1999, Blackman & Eastop la capacidad de dispersión que tienen los pulgones. 1994, 2006). Las cuatro nativas son Carolinaia cyperi, América Central está situada en la franja tropical y Mexicallis (Mexicallis) panamensis, Mexicallis (Anacallis) conecta dos partes del mundo con muy diferente origen quirosae y Myzocallis meridionalis. Las ocho especies tectónico. Como está recorrida por una cadena de montañas introducidas, todas ellas de origen exo-americano, son Aphis y volcanes presenta grandes diferencias de altitud y es gossypii Glover, Aphis spiraecola Patch, Myzus hemerocallis diversa en la cantidad y régimen de las precipitaciones. En Takahashi, Neotoxoptera oliveri (Essig), Pentalonia 792 Quirós et al - Contribución al Conocimiento de Aphididae y Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) de... nigronervosa Coquerel, Sipha fl ava (Forbes), Toxoptera Tabla 1 Localidades que se mencionan en el catálogo, con citricidus (Kirkaldy) y Trichosiphonaphis polygoni (van información sobre su altitud y coordenadas aproximadas y der Goot). sobre su adscripción administrativa. También se ha citado en Panamá el filoxérido Latitud Longitud Localidad Provincia Altitud (m) Dactulosphaira vitifoliae Shimer, la fi loxera de la vida Norte Oeste (EPPO 2006). Este trabajo pretende mejorar el conocimiento de la Aguadulce Coclé 8º 40’ 80º 30’ 100 fauna panameña de estos insectos, mejorando también el Alto Quiel Chiriquí 8º 48’ 82º 28’ 1400 conocimiento de la fauna de América Central. Bajo Boquete Chiriquí 8º 46’ 82º 26’ 1000−1800 Caisán Chiriquí 8º 46’ 82º 44’ 950 Canal de Material y Métodos Panamá Panamá Panamá se encuentra en el istmo Mesoamericano, en el Cerro Azul Panamá 9º 10’ 79º 25’ 640 extremo que limita con América del Sur (con Colombia), Cerro Punta Chiriquí 8º 50’ 82º34’ entre los paralelos 7º 11’ N y 9º 36’ N y los meridianos 1400−2100 72º 12’ W y 82º 55’ W. Las temperaturas y el régimen Chepo Panamá 9º 00’ 80º 00’ 20 de precipitaciones, y consecuentemente flora y fauna, Ciudad de Panamá 8º 59’ 79º 32’ 15 varían según la altitud, hasta los 3475 m del volcán Barú, Panamá y las vertientes, del Caribe al norte y del Pacífi co al sur. David Chiriquí 8º 25’ 82º 24’ 30 Por su altitudel territorio panameño se puede dividir en “tierras bajas”, hasta los 700 m, y “tierras altas” desde esa El Ejido Los Santos 7º 59’ 80º 20’ 40 altitud. Administrativamente el país está dividido en nueve El Valle de Coclé 8º 37’ 80º 08’ 580 provincias, Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Coclé, Colón, Darién, Antón Herrera, Los Santos, Panamá y Veraguas, y cinco territorios Las Cumbres Panamá 9º 00’ 79º 30’ 134 indígenas, Ngöbe Buglé, Kuna de Madugandi, Kuna de Wargandi, Kuna Yala, Emberá-Wounaan. Pedregal Panamá 8º 30’ 80º 00’ 30 El extremo sur-occidental del país, corresponde a Tocumen Panamá 9º 05’ 79º 23’ 25 la provincia de Chiriquí, que se extiende desde la orilla Volcán Chiriquí 8º46’ 82º37’ 1300 del Pacífi co hasta las montañas de la divisoria de aguas, alcanzando los 3475 m de altitud, y comprende “tierras bajas” y “tierras altas” en el sentido antes expresado. lo expuesto por Remaudière & Remaudière (1997), y se Desde 1983 a 1987 Dora Quirós, Georges Remaudière han tenido en cuenta las aportaciones de Andreev (2004), y Orencio Fernández (†), juntos o por separado, colectaron Blackman & Eastop (2006), Eastop & Blackman (2005), pulgones en varias localidades de las “tierras altas” de la Nieto Nafría et al (1998, 2005) y Quednau (2003). provincia de Chiriquí (Tabla 1) mediante prospección en las Las especies se relacionan separadas por familias plantas o usando trampas amarillas de agua con superfi cie de (Phylloxeridae y Aphididae) y ordenadas alfabéticamente sin captura circular de 30 cm de diámetro (de aquí en adelante: considerar el nombre del subgénero, que no se hace constar T.A.A.), instalada permanentemente en Cerro Punta. Ellos en las especies incluidas en el subgénero nominotípico. mismos realizaron también prospecciones directas y con De la mayoría de las especies del catálogo se informa de trampas con menor intensidad en otras partes del país. las plantas hospedadoras y de las localidades de procedencia La identificación de las plantas hospedadoras fue del material estudiado, separando la provincia de Chiriquí de efectuada por la Prof. M. Correa y por C. Vergara, del las otras provincias. Sin embargo se proporcionan solamente Herbario de la Universidad de Panamá y posteriormente se relaciones de plantas y de localidades o provincias en el ha comprobado la corrección nomenclatural de los nombres tratamiento de 14 especies que tienen amplia distribución, utilizados (Missouri Botanical Garden 1999). general o en el país: Aphis gossypii, A. nerii, A. spiraecola, La identifi cación de los pulgones fue efectuada por D. Aulacorthum solani, Hysteroneura setariae, Lipaphis Quirós y G. Remaudière. El material conservado en alcohol pseudobrassicae, Melanaphis sacchari, Myzus persicae, o montado en preparaciones microscópicas se conserva en el Pentalonia nigronervosa, Rhopalosiphum maidis, R. laboratorio de Estudios Biológicos de Plagas Agrícolas de la rufiabdominale, Sipha flava, Toxoptera aurantii y T. Universidad de Panamá, y en el Muséum national d’Histoire citricidus. Las familias a las que pertenecen cada uno de los naturelle de París. géneros botánicos se indican mediante un número colocado entre corchetes, de acuerdo con la asignación de números de la Tabla 2. A partir de los datos de los que disponemos, Resultados y Discusión principalmente Blackman & Eastop (1994, 2006), las nuevas relaciones “género de planta hospedadora / especie Se conocen en Panamá las siguientes especies, una de la de pulgón” se señalan mediante un asterísco (*) situado por familia Phylloxeridae y 71 de la familia Aphididae. delante del nombre de la planta. Para la adscripción taxonómica de las especies (o De cada especie se aporta información sobre su zona de subespecies) y para los datos de autoría se ha seguido origen, distribución mundial a grandes rasgos, y presencia November - December 2009 Neotropical
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