DOCSLIB.ORG

First Incidence of Yellow Sugarcane Aphids (YSA)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
First Incidence of Yellow Sugarcane Aphids (YSA) Kenya Agricultural Research Organization SUGAR RESEARCH INSTITUTE First incidence of yellow sugarcane aphids in Kenya Introduction Symptoms Common name: yellow sugarcane aphid Scientific name: Sipha flava (Forbes) (Insecta: Yellowing and reddening discoloration of leaves (can Hemiptera: Aphididae) easily be confused for other The yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA) Sipha flava pests) (Forbes) (Insecta: Homoptera: Aphididae) has its Sooty mold growth on origins in the temperate and subtropical regions of sugarcane leaves North America but has been reported in Central Stunted growth of sugarcane and South America as well as in the Hawaiian and plants Caribbean Islands. In Africa, its first occurrence Heavily infested sugarcane crop in Malava, Kakamega County on sugarcane was reported in 2006 in Morocco. It is considered an invasive species and has been reported in Europe, the America and Africa Way forward (Morocco, Mauritius). It has since been reported Conduct a countrywide survey on the in the South African sugar industry in 2013. In pest (on sugarcane and other grasses) Kenya, the YSA was first reported in the Soin, to determine the extent of spread and sugarcane growing zone, Kericho County in June level of severity. 2016. The pest has since been reported and Give advisory to millers, County confirmed in other sugarcane growing counties of agricultural extension officers on the Kakamega, Narok, Migori and Busia, and may existence of the pest and possible spread to other areas. The pest can cause up to management strategies 50% yield losses in sugarcane .The yellow Conduct stakeholder sensitization sugarcane aphid causes damage to sorghum, sessions in collaboration with the sugarcane, rice, wheat Nappier grass and several County Governments on the pest and other species of pasture grass. its management. Research on sustainable YSA Symptoms on sugarcane leaves management strategies such as host Management resistance, pesticide efficacy triage and available predators (bio control Scouting for YSA agents). Timing of insecticide treatment is critical to avoid yield or stand loss. Aphid numbers quickly build to numbers too large to count for sampling purposes so weekly scouting is advised. Sugarcane leaf damage symptoms are a good indicator of season long growth and yield effects and works without having to count aphids. Cultural practices Heavily infested leaves Ensure weed free sugarcane fields Damage Harvest and burn heavily infested cane that is mature Feeding initially results in yellowing and Natural Enemies reddening of leaves, depending on host plant and Ladybird beetles, Flower flies, Ants, Spiders temperature. Prolonged feeding can lead to are not very effective but reduce the populations. premature senescence of leaves and plant or stalk Weather (sugarcane) death. Yield reductions usually due to Temperatures above 95°F (35oc) and heavy KALRO-SRI staff demonstrating feeding damage to early plant growth stages, rainfall are also effective in reducing yellow management of YSA to farmers in including reduced tillering is common. Yield loss sugarcane aphid populations Malava from late season feeding damage to sugarcane has Chemical control also been documented. Honeydew produced by Insectcides like Duduthrin, Bulldock Star, the feeding aphids collects on lower leaves and Pentagon and Karate can be used for direct supports growth of sooty mold fungi. control when more than 50 aphids are found For more details contact: YSA damage is more severe during the dry spells. YSA also transmits nonpersistent sugarcane Director Prepared: January 2019 mosaic potyvirus. KALRO-Sugar Research Institute P.O. Box 44-40100 KISUMU Disclaimer: The recommendations in this document do not endorse or advertise any of the products Email: [email protected] Expert contacts: Riungu G.M – [email protected] Jamoza J.E (PhD) – [email protected] Website: www.kalro.org .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Contribución Al Conocimiento De Aphididae Y Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) De Panamá
    November - December 2009 791 SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Contribución al Conocimiento de Aphididae y Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) de Panamá DORA I QUIRÓS1, GEORGES REMAUDIÈRE2, JUAN M NIETO NAFRÍA3 1Lab. de Estudios Biológicos de Plagas Agrícolas y Escuela de Biología, Univ. de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá; [email protected] 2Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, USM 602, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, Francia; [email protected] 3Depto. de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Univ. de León, 24071 León, España; [email protected] Edited by Roberto A Zucchi – ESALQ/USP Neotropical Entomology 38(6):791-800 (2009) Contribution to the Knowledge of the Aphididae and Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) from Panama ABSTRACT - A catalogue is presented containing 71 species of aphids and one phylloxerid from Panama. Fifty-nine species are new records for Panama and 12 of them are new records for Central America. Eleven species are of Neotropical origin and 17 are of Nearctic origin. Forty-four species own their presence in Panama to direct or indirect anthropogenic introduction. The catalogue records 227 “aphid species/host-plant species” relationships, with 25 new records “aphid species/host-plant genus”. KEY WORDS: Aphid, Phylloxerid, Central America RESUMEN - Se establece el catálogo de los áfi dos y fi loxéridos de Panamá, respectivamente con 71 y one especies. Se citan por vez primera en Panamá 59 especies de áfi dos y 12 de ellas por primera vez en América Central. Once especies son de origen neotropical y 17 tienen origen neártico; 44 especies tienen otros orígenes y su presencia en Panamá se ha de deber directa o indirectamente a introducciones antrópicas.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, and ANATOMICAL INSIGHTS INTO APHID- BIOENERGY SWITCHGRASS INTERACTIONS Travis J
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology Entomology, Department of 8-2015 BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND ANATOMICAL INSIGHTS INTO APHID- BIOENERGY SWITCHGRASS INTERACTIONS Travis J. Prochaska University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss Part of the Entomology Commons, Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Prochaska, Travis J., "BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND ANATOMICAL INSIGHTS INTO APHID-BIOENERGY SWITCHGRASS INTERACTIONS" (2015). Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology. 37. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss/37 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ! BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND ANATOMICAL INSIGHTS INTO APHID-BIOENERGY SWITCHGRASS INTERACTIONS by Travis Joseph Prochaska A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Entomology Under the Supervision of Professors Tiffany Heng-Moss and Gautam Sarath Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2015 ! BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND ANATOMICAL INSIGHTS INTO APHID-BIOENERGY SWITCHGRASS INTERACTIONS Travis Joseph Prochaska, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2015 Advisors: Tiffany Heng-Moss and Gautam Sarath Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., a perennial, warm-season grass native to North America, is a candidate for development as a bioenergy crop. Previously, warm-season grasses were considered to be relatively pest free in their native habitats. However, recent studies using the hemipteran family Aphididae have shown phloem-feeding insects can lead to significant injury in switchgrass.
    [Show full text]
  • COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE) INTRODUCTIONS and ESTABLISHMENTS in HAWAII: 1885 to 2015
    AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE COCCINELLID (COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE) INTRODUCTIONS AND ESTABLISHMENTS IN HAWAII: 1885 to 2015 JOHN R. LEEPER PO Box 13086 Las Cruces, NM USA, 88013 [email protected] [1] Abstract. Blackburn & Sharp (1885: 146 & 147) described the first coccinellids found in Hawaii. The first documented introduction and successful establishment was of Rodolia cardinalis from Australia in 1890 (Swezey, 1923b: 300). This paper documents 167 coccinellid species as having been introduced to the Hawaiian Islands with forty-six (46) species considered established based on unpublished Hawaii State Department of Agriculture records and literature published in Hawaii. The paper also provides nomenclatural and taxonomic changes that have occurred in the Hawaiian records through time. INTRODUCTION The Coccinellidae comprise a large family in the Coleoptera with about 490 genera and 4200 species (Sasaji, 1971). The majority of coccinellid species introduced into Hawaii are predacious on insects and/or mites. Exceptions to this are two mycophagous coccinellids, Calvia decimguttata (Linnaeus) and Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say). Of these, only P. vigintimaculata (Say) appears to be established, see discussion associated with that species’ listing. The members of the phytophagous subfamily Epilachninae are pests themselves and, to date, are not known to be established in Hawaii. None of the Coccinellidae in Hawaii are thought to be either endemic or indigenous. All have been either accidentally or purposely introduced. Three species, Scymnus discendens (= Diomus debilis LeConte), Scymnus ocellatus (=Scymnobius galapagoensis (Waterhouse)) and Scymnus vividus (= Scymnus (Pullus) loewii Mulsant) were described by Sharp (Blackburn & Sharp, 1885: 146 & 147) from specimens collected in the islands. There are, however, no records of introduction for these species prior to Sharp’s descriptions.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of RNA Interference for Control of the Grape Mealybug Pseudococcus Maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
    insects Article Evaluation of RNA Interference for Control of the Grape Mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Arinder K. Arora 1, Noah Clark 1, Karen S. Wentworth 2, Stephen Hesler 2, Marc Fuchs 3 , Greg Loeb 2 and Angela E. Douglas 1,4,* 1 Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; [email protected] (A.K.A.); [email protected] (N.C.) 2 Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; [email protected] (K.S.W.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (G.L.) 3 School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 September 2020; Accepted: 26 October 2020; Published: 28 October 2020 Simple Summary: RNA interference (RNAi) is a defense mechanism that protects insects from viruses by targeting and degrading RNA. This feature has been exploited to reduce the expression of endogenous RNA for determining functions of various genes and for killing insect pests by targeting genes that are vital for insect survival. When dsRNA matching perfectly to the target RNA is administered, the RNAi machinery dices the dsRNA into ~21 bp fragments (known as siRNAs) and one strand of siRNA is employed by the RNAi machinery to target and degrade the target RNA. In this study we used a cocktail of dsRNAs targeting grape mealybug’s aquaporin and sucrase genes to kill the insect. Aquaporins and sucrases are important genes enabling these insects to maintain water relations indispensable for survival and digest complex sugars in the diet of plant sap-feeding insects, including mealybugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Aphididae) Host Preference in Relation to Resistant and Susceptible Tetraploid Switchgrass Populations
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 8-2014 Characterization of Greenbug Feeding Behavior and Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Host Preference in Relation to Resistant and Susceptible Tetraploid Switchgrass Populations Kyle G. Koch University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Nathan Palmer USDA-ARS, [email protected] Mitch Stamm University of Nebraska-Lincoln Jeff D. Bradshaw University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Erin Blankenship University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Koch, Kyle G.; Palmer, Nathan; Stamm, Mitch; Bradshaw, Jeff D.; Blankenship, Erin; Baird, Lisa M.; Sarath, Gautam; and Heng-Moss, Tiffany M., "Characterization of Greenbug Feeding Behavior and Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Host Preference in Relation to Resistant and Susceptible Tetraploid Switchgrass Populations" (2014). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 425. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/425 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Kyle G. Koch, Nathan Palmer, Mitch Stamm, Jeff D. Bradshaw, Erin Blankenship, Lisa M. Baird, Gautam Sarath, and Tiffany M. Heng-Moss This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ entomologyfacpub/425 Bioenerg. Res. (2015) 8:165–174 DOI 10.1007/s12155-014-9510-0 Supplemental material follows the references.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Cereal Aphid Feeding Behavior and Transcriptional Responses Underlying Switchgrass-Aphid Interactions
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology Entomology, Department of 8-2017 Analysis of Cereal Aphid Feeding Behavior and Transcriptional Responses Underlying Switchgrass-Aphid Interactions Kyle G. Koch University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss Part of the Entomology Commons Koch, Kyle G., "Analysis of Cereal Aphid Feeding Behavior and Transcriptional Responses Underlying Switchgrass-Aphid Interactions" (2017). Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology. 51. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss/51 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ANALYSIS OF CEREAL APHID FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES UNDERLYING SWITCHGRASS-APHID INTERACTIONS by Kyle Koch A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Entomology Under the Supervision of Professors Tiffany Heng-Moss and Jeff Bradshaw Lincoln, Nebraska August 2017 ANALYSIS OF CEREAL APHID FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES UNDERLYING SWITCHGRASS-APHID INTERACTIONS Kyle Koch, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2017 Advisors: Tiffany Heng-Moss and Jeff Bradshaw Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is a perennial warm-season grass that is a model species for the development of bioenergy crops. However, the sustainability of switchgrass as a bioenergy feedstock will require efforts directed at improved biomass yield under a variety of stress factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Whole Issue
    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 10 PARIS, 2015-10 CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________________ Pests & Diseases 2015/180 - Xylella fastidiosa detected in Alpes-Maritimes, mainland France 2015/181 - Xylella fastidiosa detected in Coffea spp. plants imported into Switzerland 2015/182 - Ralstonia solanacearum (race 1) detected in Rosa in the Netherlands 2015/183 - Surveys on potato bacteria in Karelia and Arkangelsk, Northern Russia 2015/184 - First report of Anoplophora glabripennis in Finland 2015/185 - Anoplophora glabripennis found in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland 2015/186 - Anoplophora chinensis eradicated from Denmark 2015/187 - Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae): addition to the EPPO Alert List 2015/188 - First report of Neophyllaphis podocarpi in Spain 2015/189 - First report of Sipha flava in Spain 2015/190 - Meloidogyne fallax detected in sports turf in the United Kingdom 2015/191 - Hymenoscyphus fraxineus found for the first time in Emilia-Romagna region (IT) 2015/192 - Outbreak of Lecanosticta acicola in Tyrol, Austria 2015/193 - First report of Sirococcus tsugae in the United Kingdom 2015/194 - Tomato ringspot virus detected in Punica granatum in Italy 2015/195 - EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance CONTEN TS _________________________________________________________________________ Invasive Plants 2015/196 - How environmental managers perceive invasive species issues 2015/197 - Plant invasions and the microbial community 2015/198 - Internet trade in invasive plants 2015/199 - Two alien species of Bidens (Asteraceae) new to the flora of Serbia 2015/200 - Agastache rugosa (Lamiaceae), a new casual alien in the flora of Poland 2015/201 - 9th Neobiota Conference on Biological Invasions (Vianden, LU, 2016-09-14/17) 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail: [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax: 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web: www.eppo.int EPPO Reporting Service 2015 no.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
    [Show full text]
  • In Insect Control
    Efficiency of Ladybeetles (Coccinellidae: Coleóptera) in Insect Control George N. Wolcott1 INTRODUCTION The extraordinary and world-famous success of the control of the cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell) in California citrus groves by the introduction of the Australian ladybeetle (Rodolia or Vedalia cardinalis Mulsant) was in reality such a special instance of the value of biological control as to result in the retardation for as much as a dozen years of prog­ ress and investigation of other methods of insect control in California. Citrus growers in particular, and the general public as a whole, were con­ vinced that, if an imported ladybeetle could control one insect pest, some comparable parasite or predator should be equally effective against every other pest. To properly evaluate just how unique and specialized this particular demonstration of the value of biological control actually was, the total evidence of effectiveness of ladybeetles in a similar, comparable insular environment is presented herewith. DISCUSSION HISTORICAL The insect fauna of the Island of Puerto Rico in the West Indies, the more eastern of the Greater Antilles, approximately 100 miles long and 30 miles wide, was recorded by the eminent Cuban naturalist, Dr. Juan Gund- lach, born in Germany, who collected there in 1873 and 1875. Presumably, almost any insect that he recorded as being present at that time was endemic, as this was long before the planned importation of ladybeetles had even been considered. But, following the discovery of an infestation of the cottony cushion scale in a rose-garden in a suburb of San Juan in 1932, and its rapid dispersion to beef wood, Casuarina equisetifolia, trees and citrus groves, an importation of the Australian ladybeetle demonstrated in how varied an environment it could survive.
    [Show full text]
  • EPPO Reporting Service
    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 1 PARIS, 2016-01 General 2016/001 Results of the questionnaire on the EPPO Reporting Service 2016/002 EPPO Standards on efficacy evaluation of plant protection products: update of the web-based database 2016/003 IPPC photo contest: The Shocking Impacts of Pests 2016/004 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List Pests 2016/005 Presence of Rhagoletis completa suspected in the Netherlands 2016/006 Interception of a new and undescribed species of Josephiella on Ficus microcarpa bonsais from China 2016/007 Presence of Contarinia pseudotsugae suspected in Belgium 2016/008 Presence of Contarinia pseudotsugae suspected in the Netherlands 2016/009 Addition of Contarinia pseudotsugae to the EPPO Alert List 2016/010 First reports of Macrohomotoma gladiata in Italy and Algeria 2016/011 First report of Neophyllaphis podocarpi in Spain 2016/012 First report of Sipha flava in Spain Diseases 2016/013 First report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Jordan 2016/014 First report of Puccinia horiana in India 2016/015 First report of Quambalaria eucalypti in Portugal 2016/016 Tar spot disease of maize found for the first time in the USA Invasive plants 2016/017 First report of Solanum elaeagnifolium in Bulgaria 2016/018 Arctotheca calendula: an emerging invasive alien plant in Italy 2016/019 Manihot grahamii: a new alien plant species in Europe 2016/020 Potted plants as pathway for introducing invasive alien plants 2016/021 The influence of mowing regime on the soil seed bank of Ambrosia artemisiifolia 2016/022 Epilobium adenocaulon and Oenothera glazioviana: two new alien species for Bulgaria 2016/023 23rd International Meeting on Weed Control (Dijon, FR, 2016-12-06/08) 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail: [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax: 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web: www.eppo.int EPPO Reporting Service 2016 no.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment of the Fungal Entomopathogen Beauveria Bassiana As an Endophyte in Sugarcane, Saccharum Officinarum
    Fungal Ecology 35 (2018) 70e77 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Establishment of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum * Trust Kasambala Donga a, b, Fernando E. Vega c, Ingeborg Klingen d, a Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Campus ÅS, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, Ås, Norway b Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi c Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA d Division for Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 7, 1431, Ås, Norway article info abstract Article history: We investigated the ability of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana strain GHA to endo- Received 18 April 2018 phytically colonize sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and its impact on plant growth. We used foliar Received in revised form spray, stem injection, and soil drench inoculation methods. All three inoculation methods resulted in 18 June 2018 B. bassiana colonizing sugarcane tissues. Extent of fungal colonization differed significantly with inoc- Accepted 28 June 2018 ulation method (c2 ¼ 20.112, d. f. ¼ 2, p < 0.001), and stem injection showed the highest colonization level followed by foliar spray and root drench. Extent of fungal colonization differed significantly with Corresponding Editor: James White Jr. plant part (c2 ¼ 33.072, d. f. ¼ 5, p < 0.001); stem injection resulted in B. bassiana colonization of the stem and to some extent leaves; foliar spray resulted in colonization of leaves and to some extent, the stem; Keywords: and soil drench resulted in colonization of roots and to some extent the stem.
    [Show full text]
  • Sipha Flava (Forbes 1884) (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae: Chaitophorinae) Bajo Microscopio Electrónico De Barrido
    Revista gaditana de Entomología, volumen IV núm. 1 (2013): 73-82 ISSN 2172-2595 Notas sobre la morfología externa de las hembras partenogenéticas ápteras de Sipha flava (Forbes 1884) (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae: Chaitophorinae) bajo microscopio electrónico de barrido. Axel P. Retana Salazar1, 2*, Alcides Sánchez Monge1, 3, J. Alexander Rodríguez Arrieta1, 4 1Programa Universitario en Biología Aplicada (PUA), Centro de Investigación en Estructuras microscópicas (CIEMIC), Ciudad de la Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica 2060. 2Escuela de Nutrición, Ciudad de la Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica 2060. 3Escuela de Estudios Generales, Universidad de Costa Rica 2060. 4Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica 2060. *[email protected]/[email protected] Resumen: Se estudia la morfología externa de hembras vivíparas ápteras e inmaduros de Sipha flava (Forbes 1884) con Microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), cuya preparación excluyó fijación química. Las muestras fueron deshidratadas, secadas y cubiertas con una capa iónica de 40 nm y observadas en microscopio electrónico en el CIEMIC, Universidad de Costa Rica. En los estadios inmaduros el carácter más estable para la segregación de la especie es la longitud de la antena con respecto al cuerpo como ha sido informado en literatura reciente. Otro carácter de importancia es el penúltimo antenómero visible a partir del IV estadio de desarrollo. Palabras clave: caña de azúcar, especie plaga, taxonomía morfológica. Abstract: In this work has been described the external morphology of wingless viviparous females and immatures of Sipha flava (Forbes 1884) using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and excluding chemical fixation. The samples were dehydrated, dried and covered with an ionic layer of 40 nm and these were observed by electron microscopy in the CIEMIC, University of Costa Rica.
    [Show full text]