Racism in Rural Areas
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Racism in Rural Areas Final Report Study for the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) 30th November 2002 Contract No.: 3203 Berliner Institut für Vergleichende Sozialforschung Mitglied im Europäischen Migrationszentrum (in co-operation with EuroFor) Schliemannstraße 23 10437 Berlin Tel.: +49 40 44 65 10 65 Fax: + 49 30 444 10 85 email: [email protected] Authors: Dr. Jochen Blaschke and Guillermo Ruiz Torres DISCLAIMER: The opinions expressed by the author(s) do not reflect the opinion or position of the EUMC. The EUMC accepts no liability whatsoever with regard to the information, opinions or statements contained in this document. The content of this study does not bind the EUMC. No mention of any authority, organisation, company or individual shall imply any approval as to their standing and capability on the part of the EUMC. Contents Part I: Theoretical Introduction .............................................................................. 7 1. Preface....................................................................................................................... 8 3. Rural and Provincial Society .............................................................................. 18 4. City and Countryside as European Problems ................................................. 20 5. Migration into Rural Areas................................................................................. 23 6. Anti-Racism and Resistance ............................................................................... 25 7. Arenas of Neo-Racism and Xenophobia .......................................................... 26 8. Social Images and Orientations......................................................................... 29 9. Performances ......................................................................................................... 37 Literature (Chapters 1-9).......................................................................................39 Part II: Country Reports ......................................................................................... 41 10. Austria................................................................................................................... 42 10.1 Country Report...............................................................................................42 10.1.1 Migration.................................................................................................42 10.1.2 Migration in Rural Areas .....................................................................43 10.1.3 Racism in Rural Areas ..........................................................................44 10.1.4 Good Practices........................................................................................46 10.2. Statistics and Data ........................................................................................47 Xenophobic or Anti-Semitic Motivation ................................................49 10.3 Literature .........................................................................................................53 10.4 List of Experts.................................................................................................56 11. Belgium................................................................................................................. 57 11.1 Country Report...............................................................................................57 11.1.1 Immigration ............................................................................................57 11.1.2 Rural Areas in Belgium ........................................................................58 11.1.3 Rural Racism...........................................................................................58 11.2 Statistics and Data .........................................................................................63 11.3 Literature .........................................................................................................67 11.4 List of Experts.................................................................................................69 12. Denmark............................................................................................................... 70 12.1 Country Report...............................................................................................70 12.1.1 Immigration ............................................................................................70 12.1.2 Rural Areas .............................................................................................71 12.1.3 Rural Racism...........................................................................................72 12.2 Statistics and Data .........................................................................................75 12.3 Literature .........................................................................................................78 12.4 List of Experts.................................................................................................79 13. Finland.................................................................................................................. 80 13.1 Country Report...............................................................................................80 13.1.1 Migration.................................................................................................80 13.1.2 Rural Areas .............................................................................................81 13.1.3 Racism in the Countryside...................................................................81 13.1.4 Good Practices........................................................................................84 13.2 Statistics and Data .........................................................................................85 13.3 Literature .........................................................................................................88 13.4 List of Experts.................................................................................................91 14. France .................................................................................................................... 92 14.1 Country Report...............................................................................................92 14.1.1 Immigration ............................................................................................92 14.1.2 Rural Areas .............................................................................................93 14.1.3 Rural Racism...........................................................................................96 14.1.4 Good Practices........................................................................................98 14.2 Statistics and Data .......................................................................................101 14.3 Literature .......................................................................................................113 14.4 List of Experts...............................................................................................116 15. Germany ............................................................................................................. 117 15.1 Country Report.............................................................................................117 15.1.1 Rural Racism.........................................................................................119 15.1.2 Good Practices......................................................................................122 15.2 Statistics and Data .......................................................................................125 15.3 Literature .......................................................................................................135 15.4 List of Experts...............................................................................................142 16. Greece ................................................................................................................. 145 16.1 Country Report.............................................................................................145 16.1.1 Migration...............................................................................................145 16.1.2 Migration in Rural Areas ...................................................................146 16.1.3 Rural Racism.........................................................................................148 16.1.4 Good Practices......................................................................................150 16.2 Statistics and Data .......................................................................................151 16.3 Literature .......................................................................................................157 16.4 List of Experts...............................................................................................159 17. Republic of Ireland .......................................................................................... 160 17.1 Country Report.............................................................................................160 17.1.1 Migration in Ireland............................................................................160 17.1.2 Migration in Rural Ireland ................................................................162 17.1.3 Rural Racism.........................................................................................163