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Volume 87 Number 858 June 2005 Encountering perceptions in parts of the Muslim world and their impact on the ICRC’s ability to be eff ective Andreas Wigger* Andreas Wigger is Deputy to the Director of Operations of the International Committee of the Red Cross Abstract Th e growing and intensifi ed manifestations of religion in politics and vice versa are part of the environment of ICRC operations in Muslim countries and mark especially the interaction with Islamists. Diff erent perceptions held by Muslims are examined, problem areas regarding interaction with the ICRC are analysed and aspects are mentioned which, in the opinion of the author, can help the ICRC improve its activities in Muslim countries. Th e conclusions of the examination could be relevant in any relationship with conservative movements within other religions. : : : : : : : Any Muslim person or organization working in the West, and any western individual or organization working in the Muslim world, will be confronted with myths. Deep-seated traumas stemming from historical contact with the “other” are being revived and updated, be those “others” the Crusaders, the colonialists and their alleged modern variants, or the Muslim troops ranged before the gates of Vienna or Poitiers and the global Jihadi1 who, it is claimed, are intent on destroying western civilization. Hatred is being fomented, fear is being spread, and ignorance gives myths an aura of reality. The confrontation * Th e views expressed in this article refl ect the author’s opinions and not necessarily those of the ICRC. 343 A. Wigger — Encountering perceptions in parts of the Muslim world of recent years between al Qaeda and both western and other societies and governments has heightened the centuries-old complexity of relations between the West and the Muslim East and their perceptions of each other. -
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DEF4 7/31/02 10:34 PM Page 62 4 Between Islam and Islamism: a dialogue with Islam as a pattern of conflict resolution and a security approach vis-à-vis Islamism Bassam Tibi n the context of broadening the scope of international relations (IR) and of the related field of security studies in light of the changed international Isystem after the end of the Cold War, Islam and Islamic movements have moved to the fore of this discipline. At the surface it looks as if the study of the ‘geopolitics of Islam and the West’ has taken the place of the earlier Soviet studies (Fuller and Lesser, 1995). Students of IR concerned with the study of the Middle East and those who have turned to focus on Islamic civilization are caught, however, between a tremendously increasing Islamophobia in the West and the need to inquire into the threats to security by what is termed ‘Islamism’. Those who study Islamism while dealing with security are thus often challenged by the question: ‘Why then are you involving Islam in security studies? Isn’t this a part of Western Islamophobia?’ This chapter does not escape this challenge which has increased since September 11. The chapter begins by arguing that there are many different ways of responding to this question. Some scholars specializing in Islamic studies rightly question those efforts in the West that view Islam as a ‘threat’, a view which they qualify as perpetuating a myth (Esposito, 1992). They also deal with the question of the compatibility of Islam and democracy, and give a positive answer. -
Islamism Is Placed As the Opening of This Volume
ISSN : 2502 – 5465 / e-ISSN: 2443 – 3859 Accredited by LIPI Number: 543/AU1/P2MI-LIPI/06/2013 Analisa Journal of Social Science and Religion Volume 01 No. 01 June 2016 Analisa is a peer-reviewed journal published by Office of Religious Research and Development Ministry of Religious Affairs Semarang Indonesia. It specializes in these three aspects; religious life, religious education, religious text and heritage. Analisa aims to provide information on social and religious issues through publication of research based articles and critical analysis articles. Analisa has been published twice a year in Indonesian since 1996 and started from 2016 Analisa is fully published in English as a preparation to be an international journal. Since 2015, Analisa has become Crossref member, therefore all articles published by Analisa will have unique DOI number. Advisory Editorial Koeswinarno Religious Research and Development, Ministry of Religious Affairs, Semarang, Indonesia Editor in Chief Sulaiman Religious Research and Development, Ministry of Religious Affairs, Semarang, Indonesia International Editorial Board Florian Pohl, Emory University, United State of America Alberto Gomes, La Trobe University, Melbourne Australia Nico J.G. Kaptein, Leiden University, Leiden the Netherlands David Martin Jones, University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia Patrick Jory, University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia Dwi Purwoko, The Indonesian Institute of Science, Jakarta Indonesia Heddy Shri Ahimsa, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta Indonesia Irwan Abdullah, -
Judging the Netherlands: Restitution Process, 1997-2000 Process, Restitution
Manfred Gerstenfeld Manfred Gerstenfeld has done a masterful job of describing the more than sixty-year In the last years of the twentieth century, cycle that began with the Nazis’ destruction of Dutch Jewry, and then continued the many shortcomings of the postwar with the woefully inadequate immediate postwar efforts by the Dutch government Dutch Holocaust restitution became a at restitution of property, insurance claims, and other attempts to compensate Dutch major issue in the Dutch public debate. Holocaust survivors and families of victims. This book deals mainly, however, with The internationally publicized failures the belated but generally successful Dutch effort, in the last years of the twentieth of the Swiss banks regarding dormant Joel Fishman century and early part of the twenty-first century, to rectify the past deficiencies bank accounts from the war period and set a positive example of how governments can try to provide belated, although prompted investigations elsewhere as imperfect, justice, and to try to rectify in some small way the pain of their citizens Judging the Netherlands: the Judging well, including in the Netherlands. Copyright : stemming from wartime in general and the Shoah in particular. A further stimulus came when many Ambassador Stuart E. Eizenstat, Former U.S. Deputy Secretary of the Treasury; index cards of the Dutch looting bank Dr. Manfred Gerstenfeld is chairman of from the foreword Judging the LIRO, listing the stolen possessions of the Board of Fellows of the Jerusalem individual Jews, were found abandoned Center for Public Affairs. He has been in an Amsterdam attic. an international business strategist This book deals with the restitution of Jewish property that was looted during World Reports of the commissions of inquiry for forty years. -
The Many-Faced Ideology of Political Islam and Its Challenge to Liberal Democracy
27 Gregory Afxentiou P.O. Box 40758, 6307 Larnaca, Cyprus Tel.: + 357 24 658380, Fax:+ 357 24 620319 E-mail: [email protected] www.erpic.org Marta Murzanska August 2016 THE MANY-FACED IDEOLOGY OF POLITICAL ISLAM AND ITS CHALLENGE TO LIBERAL DEMOCRACY Summary For the first time since the end of the Cold War the Western liberal democracy is facing an ideological challenge. It is a challenge posed by a religious absolutist ideology of political Islam, also known as Islamism, a phenomenon more complex, elusive and insidious than the communist threat ever was. It is an ideology which regards Islam not simply as a faith system concerned primarily with man’s spirituality, but an all-encompassing system of a divine law which must be applied to every aspect of human existence, including public and political sphere. Its claim to universal domination is driven by the nostalgia for Islam’s past glory and a deep-rooted contempt for the Western civilization, perceived as spiritually inferior, decadent, degraded, and on its way to either self-destruction, or Islamic conquest. In particular, it viciously attacks the Western-originated nation-state system of international relations, with all its underpinning institutions, norms and values, such as democracy and popular sovereignty, secularism, human rights, gender equality, and liberal freedoms. After its emergence in Egypt in the first half of the 20th century, the contemporary Islamist movement was initially focused on Muslim lands where it launched activities aimed at “de- Westernization”. However, as a by-product of Muslim immigration it has also firmly established itself in the West, and particularly in Europe. -
Emanuel Bergmann the Trick
Foreign Rights List Spring 2016 Diogenesest• 1952 Emanuel Bergmann The Trick . and other books by Esmahan Aykol Tatjana Hauptmann · Donna Leon Hugo Loetscher · Hansjörg Schneider Schünemann & Volić Süskind & Sempé · Laura de Weck Benedict Wells and Leon de Winter Theatre Exhibitions JAKOB ARJOUNI The Physicists PATRICIA HIGHSMITH SŁAWOMIR MROżEK PATRICK SÜSKIND F. K. WAECHTER Cherryman hunts Schauspielhaus Zürich The Talented Mr Ripley Emigrants Is permanently in the re- F. K. Waechter – Mister White Deutsches Schauspielhaus Teatr Studio, Warsaw Teatrul Nat¸ional, pertory of many German 100 exhibitions at the tjg. theater junge generation, Hamburg Westfälisches Cluj-Napoca and foreign theatres. New Caricatura Galerie Kassel Dresden Niedersächsisches Landestheater, Teatro El Candil, Toledo productions in the following until 22.11.2015. Staatstheater Hannover Castrop-Rauxel Zihni Sako, Gjirokaster theatres: Gorky Academic Petöfi Theater, Veszprém Städtische Bühnen Drama Theatre (Samara), FRIEDRICH Striptease TOMI UNGERER Stratford Festival Frankfurt a. M. KeskEesti TeatriTrupp DÜRRENMATT Versus Tiyatro, Istanbul At the Villa Bernasconi, Guest performance of the Schaubühne am Lehniner (Imavere), Düsseldorfer Frank V. Citizens Theatre, Glasgow Geneva, from 20.11.2015 Schauspielhaus Zürich, Platz, Berlin Tango Schauspielhaus, Fundacja until 21.2.2016. Fundació Teatre Lliure, Tong Xiang, Zhejiang Sceny im. Stanisława Chernigiv Youth Theater Incognito at the Kunsthaus Barcelona Wyspiańskiego (Krakow), Romulus The Great ANTHONY MCCARTEN Kharkiv -
Islam Or Euro-Islam in Europe?
Cultural Relations Quarterly Review Spring 2014 Islam or Euro-Islam in Europe? Katalin Szabó Abstract: This study’s objective is to examine the current debate on the presence of Islam in Europe. The German-Syrian scholar, Bassam Tibi’s Euro-Islam conception served as a basis for the research who described the peaceful coexistence as a bilateral process that needs cooperation and changes from both European and Muslim side. Identity theories of Volkan and Schöpflin also supported the results, giving a deeper understanding on group cohesion. As an essential part of the issue, the complexity of Islam is also discussed, claiming that in the policy-making process Islam cannot be treated only as a religion, but as a religious-ethnical system, and as a historical and cultural heritage. In finding the proper solutions Muslim organisations are essential, even though some of them still do not work as they are supposed to in promoting pluralism. The study’s conclusion indicates that the conception of Euro-Islam is an insightful academic initiative that can have a vital role in further cooperation and in creating Europe’s unity. Still, for achieving all of its aims, bigger support is needed from the side of the Muslim community. Keywords: Islam, Europe, Euro-Islam, Muslim, Islamism, cooperation, identity Introduction In this essay I am going to give an outline of the current debate on the presence of Islam in Europe. The core concept of my essay is Euro-Islam as introduced by the Syrian-German scholar Bassam Tibi in 1992. (Tibi, 1992, Les Conditions d’Euro-Islam) Tibi describes Euro- Islam as a bilateral process, in which Europeans as well as Muslims need to change in order to achieve a more peaceful coexistence. -
Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza “Spinoza” redirects here. For other uses, see Spinoza 1 Biography (disambiguation). 1.1 Family and community origins Baruch Spinoza (/bəˈruːk spɪˈnoʊzə/;[3] Dutch: [baːˈrux spɪˈnoːzaː]; born Benedito de Espinosa, Portuguese pro- Spinoza’s ancestors were of Sephardic Jewish descent and nunciation: [benɨˈðitu ðɨ iʃpɨˈnozɐ]; 24 November 1632 were a part of the community of Portuguese Jews that – 21 February 1677, later Benedict de Spinoza) was had settled in the city of Amsterdam in the wake of the a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi Portuguese origin.[2] Alhambra Decree in Spain (1492) and the Portuguese The breadth and importance of Spinoza’s work was not Inquisition (1536), which had resulted in forced conver- fully realized until many years after his death. By laying sions and expulsions from the Iberian peninsula.[12] the groundwork for the 18th-century Enlightenment[4] and modern biblical criticism,[5] including modern con- Attracted by the Decree of Toleration issued in 1579 ceptions of the self and the universe,[6] he came to be by the Union of Utrecht, Portuguese "conversos" first sailed to Amsterdam in 1593 and promptly reconverted considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century [13] philosophy[7] His magnum opus, the posthumous Ethics, to Judaism. In 1598 permission was granted to build a synagogue, and in 1615 an ordinance for the admission in which he opposed Descartes' mind–body dualism, [14] has earned him recognition as one of Western philoso- and government of the Jews was passed. As a commu- nity of exiles, the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam were phy's most important thinkers. -
Civil Democratic Islam: Partners, Resources, and Strategies
Partners, Resources, and Strategies Cheryl Benard Supported by the Smith Richardson Foundation R National Security Research Division The research described in this report was sponsored by the Smith Richardson Foundation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Benard, Cheryl, 1953- Civil democratic Islam, partners, resources, and strategies / Cheryl Benard. p. cm. “MR-1716.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-3438-3 (pbk.) 1. Islam and civil society. 2. Islamic modernism. 3. Democracy—Religious aspects—Islam. 4. Islam—University. 5. Islam—21st century. I.Title. BP173.63 .B46 2003 320.5'5'0917671—dc21 2003012442 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. Cover design by Eileen Delson La Russo © Copyright 2003 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2003 by the RAND Corporation 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 201 North Craig Street, Suite 202, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1516 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] PREFACE The Islamic world is involved in a struggle to determine its own nature and val- ues, with serious implications for the future. -
Interview with Henri Markens Prominent Guests at School Keeping Our Own Identity Insights Into the Situation of the Jews In
07/12/2015 Insights into the Situation of the Jews in the Netherlands Français Deutsch עברית Contact Us Home > Articles > Insights into the Situation of the Jews in the Netherlands Insights into the Situation of the Jews in the Netherlands Henri Markens, November 15, 2009 Filed Under: Anti-Semitism, World Jewry No. 50 Interview with Henri Markens Demographic research by the Jewish social organization JMW shows that three-quarters of the Dutch Jewish community, which numbers about 30,000, is not organized in one of the three religious organizations-the Ashkenazi, Progressive, and Portuguese. Among other things, this means they do not send their children to a Jewish school and, if they are ill, do not go to the Jewish hospital. Close to half of the Jews live in Amsterdam and the adjacent southern suburb of Amstelveen. The immigration of Muslims and the rise of Islam in the Netherlands have created problems for the Jewish community and will continue to do so. There are about one million Muslims in the Netherlands. Their influence on the political system is increasing. This cannot be positive for the Jews. The more power the Muslim community gains, the more it will weaken the Jewish community’s relations with a number of ministries. The Jewish community faces increasing anti-Semitism. This has led to enhanced security measures. It also threatens to intensify attitudes based on fear. An important element in Dutch Jewish history over the past decade was the restitution negotiations. As a result, the Dutch government made a payment of 400 million guilders (180 million Euros) to the Dutch community. -
The Securitisation of Hizb Ut Tahrir a Comparative Case Study
The Securitisation of Hizb ut Tahrir A Comparative Case Study A Thesis Submitted to Royal Holloway, University of London in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in International Relations Submitted by Nomaan Hanif Department of Politics and International Relations University of London 2014 1 Declaration of Authorship I ……………………. hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: ______________________ Date: ________________________ 2 Abstract Hizb ut Tahrir (HT) is a rapidly growing trans-national Islamic movement which aims to revive the classical Islamic Caliphate. Consequently, it has come under increasing international focus as a result of its rapid expansion beyond its traditional heartland of the Middle East into Central Asia, South Asia and Europe, in turn eliciting diverse reactions from governments, ranging from it being constructed as a threat to the state, to its political acceptance and even protection. This study evaluates the discrepancy in this treatment under diverse political contexts. It argues that differing government responses to HT are premised on subjective political and security considerations, and not on the objective reality of HT’s political programme and history of activism. HT specifies the area in which the Caliphate is to be revived (the majaal, or location of power) as the Arab Middle East. HT maintains that Arab-speaking societies must be the basis of a revived Caliphate because of the inseparable link that exists between Islam and the Arabic language. HT therefore does not constitute an existential threat to states ruling over non-Arab speaking Muslim societies. -
Ideologcal Roots of Islamism
CIR Bassam Tibi BALLOT AND BULLET THE POLITICISATION OF ISLAM TO ISLAMISM Centre for Studies in Islamism and Radicalisation (CIR) Department of Political Science Aarhus University, Denmark November 2009 Islamism and Radicalisation – the Denmark School The ambition of the Denmark School is to remedy the fragmentation between different fields of research in Islamism. The Denmark School wants to explore the phenomena of ‘Islamism’ in its different manifestations and to highlight the mechanisms of radicalisation processes among Muslim youth in Europe. One of the innovative approaches is the linkage between ‘soft security’ and ‘hard security’. While other projects mainly focus on terrorism, this project first of all focuses on Islamism. The identification of Islamism requires a distinction between three possible phases: 1) ideology, 2) movements and 3) political regimes. The study of Islamism in international relations is usually limited to treating only one aspect of Islamism as a transnational actor, namely terrorism and the corresponding anti-terror measures. But Islamist ambitions and strategies are expressed through a number of other means, such as foreign policy, boycotts, crises, strategic alliances and perhaps even the acquisition of WMD. These must be mapped in order to provide an empirical basis for studying contemporary Islamist world views and conceptions of international relations. Mehdi Mozaffari Head of the Centre for Studies in Islamism and Radicalisation (CIR) www.cir.au.dk © CIR and the author Published November 2009 Printed