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Duke Forest Common Tree Guide – Payne 2014

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Duke Forest Common Tree Guide For Field Assistants 2014 Christopher Payne University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill SPEC ScientificName CommonName MAGR Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia ACBA Acer barbatum Southern Sugar Maple MASP Malus sp. Apple, Crabapple ACER Acer sp. Maple MATR Magnolia tripetala Umbrella‐Tree ACNE Acer negundo Boxelder MORU Morus rubra var. rubra Red Mulberry ACRU Acer rubrum Red Maple NYSY Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum ACSA Acer saccharum Sugar Maple OSVI Ostrya virginiana var. virginiana Hophornbeam AESY Aesculus sylvatica Painted Buckeye OXAR Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood AIAL Ailanthus altissima Tree Of Heaven PATO Paulownia Paulownia ALJU Albizia julibrissin Silktree PIEC Pinus echinata Shortleaf Pine ARSP Aralia spinosa Devil's Walkingstick PINU Pinus sp. Pine ASPA Asimina parviflora Smallflower Pawpaw PITA Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine ASTR Asimina triloba Pawpaw PIVI Pinus virginiana Virginia Pine BENI Betula nigra River Birch PLOC Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore CACA Carya carolinae‐septentrionalis South. Shagbark Hickory POAL Populus alba White Poplar CACO Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory PRAM Prunus americana American Plum CACR Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam PRAN Prunus angustifolia var. angustifolia Chickasaw Plum CADE Castanea dentata American Chestnut PRSE Prunus serotina Black Cherry CAGL Carya glabra Pignut Hickory PYMA Pyrus/malus sp. Pear, Apple, Crabapple CAOL Carya ovalis Red Hickory QUAL Quercus alba White Oak CAOV Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory QUCO Quercus coccinea var. coccinea Scarlet Oak CAPA Carya pallida Sand Hickory QUER Quercus sp. Oak CAPU Castanea pumila var. pumila Chinkapin QUFA Quercus falcata Southern Red Oak CARY Carya sp. Hickory QUFP Q. falcata var. pagodifolia CATO Carya alba Mockernut Hickory QULY Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak CECA Cercis canadensis var. canadensis Eastern Redbud QUMA Quercus marilandica Blackjack Oak CEOC Celtis occidentalis Common Hackberry QUMI Quercus michauxii Swamp Chestnut Oak CHVI Chionanthus virginicus White Fringetree QUNI Quercus nigra Water Oak COAL Cornus alternifolia Alternateleaf Dogwood QUPH Quercus phellos Willow Oak COAM Corylus americana American Hazelnut COFL Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood QUPR Quercus montana COST Cornus foemina Stiff Dogwood QURG Quercus sect. Lobatae CRAT Crataegus sp. Hawthorn QURU Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak CRCR Crataegus crus‐galli Cockspur Hawthorn QUSH Q. shumardii var. shumardii Shumard Oak CRFB Crataegus flabellata Fanleaf Hawthorn QUST Quercus stellata Post Oak CRFL Crataegus flava Yellowleaf Hawthorn QUVE Quercus velutina Black Oak CRMA Crataegus marshallii Parsley Hawthorn QUWG Quercus sect. Quercus DIVI Diospyros virginiana Common Persimmon RHCA Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rosebay FAGR Fagus grandifolia American Beech RHNU Rhododendron nudiflorum FRAX Fraxinus sp. Ash ROPS Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust GLTR Gleditsia triacanthos Honeylocust SAAL Sassafras albidum Sassafras HAVI Hamamelis virginiana American Witchhazel SAHU Salix humilis Prairie Willow ILAM Ilex ambigua Carolina Holly ULAL Ulmus alata Winged Elm ILDE Ilex decidua Possumhaw ULAM Ulmus americana American Elm ILOP Ilex opaca var. opaca American Holly ULMU Ulmus sp. Elm JUNI Juglans nigra Black Walnut ULRU Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm JUVI Juniperus virginiana Eastern Redcedar VAAR Vaccinium arboreum Farkleberry KALA Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel VIBR Viburnum sp. Viburnum LIBE Lindera benzoin Northern Spicebush LIST Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum VIPR Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw LITU Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree VIRA Viburnum rafinesquianum Downy Arrowwood Opposite Leaved Trees: [MAD Horse] Simple: Maple (Acer), Dogwood (Cornus) Compound: Ash (Fraxinus), Horsechestnut (Aesculus) Shrub: Viburnum spp. ACRU – Acer rubrum (Red maple) Opposite, leaves typically 3-lobed (1-2-3, R-E-D), leaves serrated; bark often smooth on younger trees Grey bark ACBA – Acer barbatum (Southern sugar maple) Opposite; 5 (sometimes 3) major lobes with ridges, but otherwise smooth on edge (no teeth); white-hairy beneath White bark A. saccharum (Sugar Maple) are larger & undersides are glabrous COFL – Cornus florida (Flowering dogwood) Leaves: deep ribbing, roundish, ‘drip-tip’ Bark: cobblestone / mosaic bumpy / scaly FRAX – Fraxinus spp. (Ash) White Ash =F. americana; Green Ash = F. pennsylvanica White _________________ Opposite; compound leaves, Green ↙ ↘ Light, often corky (deeply ridged) bark F. americana: undersides glaucous; often ovate (rounder too); lateral bud within U-shaped scar F. pennsylvanica: leaf undersides Not glaucous; bud is above leaf scar AESY – Aesculus sylvatica (Painted buckeye) Opposite; Palmately compound leaves Typically shrub-size in Duke Forest VIAC – Viburnum acerfolium (Maple leaf viburnum) Opposite Leaf: often maple-like appearance, but fuzzy Black fruit VIPR – Viburnum prunifolium (Cherry leaf viburnum) Cherry-like leaf appearance, but OPPOSITE Dull green leaves vs. glossy top/gland-tipped hairs on bottom of V. rufidulum leaves VIRA – Viburnum rafinesquianum (Downy arrowwood) Opposite Leaf: deep ribs, coarse teeth, hairy below [Viburnum dentatum has longer petioles] Black fruit 1 Oaks QUAL – Quercus alba (White oak) Leaf: rounded, smooth lobes Bark: Very light grey; flaking appearance when mature QUST – Quercus stellata (Post oak) Leaf: cross shape, green above with scattered stellate pubescence, pubescent and paler below. QUFA – Quercus falcata (Southern red oak) Leaf: Hairy on both sides (hair rubs off); inconsistent & sometimes amorphous leaves Typical shade leaf = ‘southern bell’ (bell shaped, 3 lobes) Leaves have bristles at ends QURU– Quercus rubra (Northern red oak) Leaves: long, many lobes, pointy lobes with bristles at ends, lobes NOT deeply cut Bark: ridges that appear to have shiny stripes down the center QUVE – Quercus velutina (Black oak) SHADE Leaf: variable shape, very shallow sinuses, lustrous shiny green above, paler with scruffy pubescence and axillary tufts below Leaf: Bristle tipped lobes, deep notches, top is shiny deep green, bottom is yellowish-brown. Clumps of stellate hairs on bottom. Bark: At first gray and smooth, becoming thick and very rough, nearly black and deeply furrowed vertically with horizontal breaks; short plates on bark (similar to Q. coccinea) Less Common Oaks: QUPH = Q. phellos (Willow oak) , CUCO = Q. coccinea (Scarlet oak), QUMA = Q. marilandica (Blackjack Oak), QUMI = Q. michauxii (Swamp Chestnut Oak), QUSH = Q. shumardii (Shumard Oak), QULY = Q. lyrata (Overcup Oak) Hickories CACO – Carya cordiformis (Bitternut hickory) (7-)9 leaflets (sometimes 5-11) Sulfur-yellow buds, not particularly fragrant leaves Clustered grey spots located along edge of backside of leaf base Bark: much tighter than on most hickories, lacking significant ridges and not peeling off in strips Bottomland forests 2 Hickories CACA – Carya carolinae‐septentrionalis (Southern shagbark hickory) 5-7 leaflets, terminal leaflet 2-5 (-6) cm wide thin, red-brown to blackish twigs, small buds, and shaggy bark lower surface of leaflets = glabrous, except for tufts of trichomes in the main vein axils; scattered scales, Teeth have tufts of hairs (usually concentrated toward teeth tips) Grows in Uplands CAGL – Carya glabra (Pignut hickory) 5 (sometimes 7) leaflets Leaves: usually glabrous (sometimes hairy), spicily fragrant,scruffily pubescent rachis, petiole usually green, range from wide/obovate to skinny/more lanceolate Bark: close/tight intersecting smooth ridges; 5 leaflets (glabrous) Smoother Bark dark CAOL – Carya ovalis (Red hickory) Similar to C. glabra, but has 7 leaflets vs. 5 (but 5 possible), may be pubescent beneath vs. glabrous, & the petiole bases are red vs. green Buds are similar to C. pallida, but without golden-colored glands. Scruffily pubescent rachis Bark: tight or often scaly or somewhat shaggy 7 leaflets (hairy) Uncommon in Piedmont Flakey bark CAOV – Carya ovata (Shagbark hickory) 5 (or 7) leaflets, terminal leaflet (4-) 6-15 cm wide Thick (3-6 mm), tan-gray twigs and larger buds Leaf teeth have clusters of hairs on their tips (may wear off) Leaf underside is Hairy; Large round yellow peltate scales Bark: Light colored, very shaggy, in long loose strips Smells ‘dusty’ or ‘fruity’ (like artificial banana) Rich bottomlands CAPA – Carya pallida (Sand hickory) 7-9 leaflets Leaf undersides are paler, covered with many silvery scales, scruffily pubescent rachis, reddish petiole bases Spicily fragrant leaves (minor) Dry, sandy soil habitats Buds are covered with golden-colored glands CATO – Carya tomentosa (Mockernut hickory) [C. alba] Usually 7-9 leaflets Leaves: very fragrant, very hairy, scruffily pubescent rachis Bark: Tight with diamond-shaped intersecting ridges (on mature trees) Strong smell (some suggest it smells like ‘turpentine’) 3 Doubly Serrate leaves: CACR – Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam) [musclewood; ironwood] Leaf: smooth/glabrous (not hairy) on top and underneath Bark: smoother muscle-like OSVI – Ostrya virginiana (Hophornbeam) Leaf: smooth on top, hairy on bottom of leaf (try licking) Bark: kind of peely ULAL – Ulmus alata (Winged elm) Leaf: rough on top (rub hand from front to back of leaf) Small (5 cm long), top dark green, paler and slightly hairy beneath Leaf narrower than U. americana Bark: corky ‘wings’ grow along stems of older trees Leaf base not as asymmetrical as the other elms ULAM – Ulmus americana (American elm) Leaf: intermediate b/w ULAL (but wider)
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  • Species List For: Engelmann Woods NA 174 Species

    Species List For: Engelmann Woods NA 174 Species

    Species List for: Engelmann Woods NA 174 Species Franklin County Date Participants Location NA List NA Nomination List List made by Maupin and Kurz, 9/9/80, and 4/21/93 WGNSS Lists Webster Groves Nature Study Society Fieldtrip Participants WGNSS Vascular Plant List maintained by Steve Turner Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agastache nepetoides yellow giant hyssop Lamiaceae 4 3 Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 -1 Amelanchier arborea var. arborea downy serviceberry Rosaceae 6 3 Antennaria parlinii var. undetermined (A. plantaginifolia) plainleaf pussytoes Asteraceae/Gnaphalieae 5 5 Aplectrum hyemale putty root Orchidaceae 8 1 Aquilegia canadensis columbine Ranunculaceae 6 1 Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum (A. atrorubens) Jack-in-the-pulpit Araceae 6 -2 Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia snakeroot Aristolochiaceae 6 5 Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (Cacalia atriplicifolia) pale Indian plantain Asteraceae/Senecioneae 4 5 Arnoglossum reniforme (Cacalia muhlenbergii) great Indian plantain Asteraceae/Senecioneae 8 5 Asarum canadense wild ginger Aristolochiaceae 6 5 Asclepias quadrifolia whorled milkweed Asclepiadaceae 6 5 Asimina triloba pawpaw Annonaceae 5 0 Asplenium rhizophyllum (Camptosorus) walking fern Aspleniaceae Fern/Ally 7 5 Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes maidenhair spleenwort Aspleniaceae Fern/Ally 9 5 Srank: SU Grank: G? * Barbarea vulgaris yellow rocket Brassicaceae 0 0 Blephilia hirsuta var.
  • IDENTIFYING OAKS: the HYBRID PROBLEM by Richard J

    IDENTIFYING OAKS: the HYBRID PROBLEM by Richard J

    . IDENTIFYING OAKS: THE HYBRID PROBLEM by Richard J. Jensen I Anyone who has spent time trying to identify oaks (Quercus spp.), especially in the for­ ests of eastern North America, has encountered trees that defy classification into any of the recognized species. Such trees commonly are treated as putative hybrids and often are taken as evidence that species of oaks are not as discrete as species in other groups. On the other hand, some (e.g., Muller, 1941) have argued that many, if not most, putative hybrids are nothing more than stump sprouts or aberrant individuals of a species. Muller (1941) did not deny the existence of hybrids; he was cautioning against an inflated view of the frequency of hybridization as a result of cavalier claims. As he put it (Muller, 1951), 'The freedom of hybridization ascribed to oaks is immensely overrated." While I don't disagree with these sentiments, I do believe that hybrids are a common component of forests throughout North America. Virtually all oak species in North America have been claimed to produce hybrids with one or more related species. Hardin (1975j presented a diagram illustrating hybrid combina­ tions for the common white oak (Quercus alba L.) and Fig. 1 provides a similar view for northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Because these two species have very broad geo­ graphical ranges and come in contact with a large number of related taxa, there is ample opportunity for hybrid combina- RUB tions to arise naturally. These two examples also reflect the fact that MAR coc instances of hybridization are re­ stricted to taxa within a section: Quercus section Quercus (the white and chestnut oaks) and ELL IU Quercus section Lobatae (the red and black oaks), respectively.