DOCSLIB.ORG

Duke Forest Common Tree Guide – Payne 2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Duke Forest Common Tree Guide – Payne 2014 Duke Forest Common Tree Guide For Field Assistants 2014 Christopher Payne University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill SPEC ScientificName CommonName MAGR Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia ACBA Acer barbatum Southern Sugar Maple MASP Malus sp. Apple, Crabapple ACER Acer sp. Maple MATR Magnolia tripetala Umbrella‐Tree ACNE Acer negundo Boxelder MORU Morus rubra var. rubra Red Mulberry ACRU Acer rubrum Red Maple NYSY Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum ACSA Acer saccharum Sugar Maple OSVI Ostrya virginiana var. virginiana Hophornbeam AESY Aesculus sylvatica Painted Buckeye OXAR Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood AIAL Ailanthus altissima Tree Of Heaven PATO Paulownia Paulownia ALJU Albizia julibrissin Silktree PIEC Pinus echinata Shortleaf Pine ARSP Aralia spinosa Devil's Walkingstick PINU Pinus sp. Pine ASPA Asimina parviflora Smallflower Pawpaw PITA Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine ASTR Asimina triloba Pawpaw PIVI Pinus virginiana Virginia Pine BENI Betula nigra River Birch PLOC Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore CACA Carya carolinae‐septentrionalis South. Shagbark Hickory POAL Populus alba White Poplar CACO Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory PRAM Prunus americana American Plum CACR Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam PRAN Prunus angustifolia var. angustifolia Chickasaw Plum CADE Castanea dentata American Chestnut PRSE Prunus serotina Black Cherry CAGL Carya glabra Pignut Hickory PYMA Pyrus/malus sp. Pear, Apple, Crabapple CAOL Carya ovalis Red Hickory QUAL Quercus alba White Oak CAOV Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory QUCO Quercus coccinea var. coccinea Scarlet Oak CAPA Carya pallida Sand Hickory QUER Quercus sp. Oak CAPU Castanea pumila var. pumila Chinkapin QUFA Quercus falcata Southern Red Oak CARY Carya sp. Hickory QUFP Q. falcata var. pagodifolia CATO Carya alba Mockernut Hickory QULY Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak CECA Cercis canadensis var. canadensis Eastern Redbud QUMA Quercus marilandica Blackjack Oak CEOC Celtis occidentalis Common Hackberry QUMI Quercus michauxii Swamp Chestnut Oak CHVI Chionanthus virginicus White Fringetree QUNI Quercus nigra Water Oak COAL Cornus alternifolia Alternateleaf Dogwood QUPH Quercus phellos Willow Oak COAM Corylus americana American Hazelnut COFL Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood QUPR Quercus montana COST Cornus foemina Stiff Dogwood QURG Quercus sect. Lobatae CRAT Crataegus sp. Hawthorn QURU Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak CRCR Crataegus crus‐galli Cockspur Hawthorn QUSH Q. shumardii var. shumardii Shumard Oak CRFB Crataegus flabellata Fanleaf Hawthorn QUST Quercus stellata Post Oak CRFL Crataegus flava Yellowleaf Hawthorn QUVE Quercus velutina Black Oak CRMA Crataegus marshallii Parsley Hawthorn QUWG Quercus sect. Quercus DIVI Diospyros virginiana Common Persimmon RHCA Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rosebay FAGR Fagus grandifolia American Beech RHNU Rhododendron nudiflorum FRAX Fraxinus sp. Ash ROPS Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust GLTR Gleditsia triacanthos Honeylocust SAAL Sassafras albidum Sassafras HAVI Hamamelis virginiana American Witchhazel SAHU Salix humilis Prairie Willow ILAM Ilex ambigua Carolina Holly ULAL Ulmus alata Winged Elm ILDE Ilex decidua Possumhaw ULAM Ulmus americana American Elm ILOP Ilex opaca var. opaca American Holly ULMU Ulmus sp. Elm JUNI Juglans nigra Black Walnut ULRU Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm JUVI Juniperus virginiana Eastern Redcedar VAAR Vaccinium arboreum Farkleberry KALA Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel VIBR Viburnum sp. Viburnum LIBE Lindera benzoin Northern Spicebush LIST Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum VIPR Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw LITU Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree VIRA Viburnum rafinesquianum Downy Arrowwood Opposite Leaved Trees: [MAD Horse] Simple: Maple (Acer), Dogwood (Cornus) Compound: Ash (Fraxinus), Horsechestnut (Aesculus) Shrub: Viburnum spp. ACRU – Acer rubrum (Red maple) Opposite, leaves typically 3-lobed (1-2-3, R-E-D), leaves serrated; bark often smooth on younger trees Grey bark ACBA – Acer barbatum (Southern sugar maple) Opposite; 5 (sometimes 3) major lobes with ridges, but otherwise smooth on edge (no teeth); white-hairy beneath White bark A. saccharum (Sugar Maple) are larger & undersides are glabrous COFL – Cornus florida (Flowering dogwood) Leaves: deep ribbing, roundish, ‘drip-tip’ Bark: cobblestone / mosaic bumpy / scaly FRAX – Fraxinus spp. (Ash) White Ash =F. americana; Green Ash = F. pennsylvanica White _________________ Opposite; compound leaves, Green ↙ ↘ Light, often corky (deeply ridged) bark F. americana: undersides glaucous; often ovate (rounder too); lateral bud within U-shaped scar F. pennsylvanica: leaf undersides Not glaucous; bud is above leaf scar AESY – Aesculus sylvatica (Painted buckeye) Opposite; Palmately compound leaves Typically shrub-size in Duke Forest VIAC – Viburnum acerfolium (Maple leaf viburnum) Opposite Leaf: often maple-like appearance, but fuzzy Black fruit VIPR – Viburnum prunifolium (Cherry leaf viburnum) Cherry-like leaf appearance, but OPPOSITE Dull green leaves vs. glossy top/gland-tipped hairs on bottom of V. rufidulum leaves VIRA – Viburnum rafinesquianum (Downy arrowwood) Opposite Leaf: deep ribs, coarse teeth, hairy below [Viburnum dentatum has longer petioles] Black fruit 1 Oaks QUAL – Quercus alba (White oak) Leaf: rounded, smooth lobes Bark: Very light grey; flaking appearance when mature QUST – Quercus stellata (Post oak) Leaf: cross shape, green above with scattered stellate pubescence, pubescent and paler below. QUFA – Quercus falcata (Southern red oak) Leaf: Hairy on both sides (hair rubs off); inconsistent & sometimes amorphous leaves Typical shade leaf = ‘southern bell’ (bell shaped, 3 lobes) Leaves have bristles at ends QURU– Quercus rubra (Northern red oak) Leaves: long, many lobes, pointy lobes with bristles at ends, lobes NOT deeply cut Bark: ridges that appear to have shiny stripes down the center QUVE – Quercus velutina (Black oak) SHADE Leaf: variable shape, very shallow sinuses, lustrous shiny green above, paler with scruffy pubescence and axillary tufts below Leaf: Bristle tipped lobes, deep notches, top is shiny deep green, bottom is yellowish-brown. Clumps of stellate hairs on bottom. Bark: At first gray and smooth, becoming thick and very rough, nearly black and deeply furrowed vertically with horizontal breaks; short plates on bark (similar to Q. coccinea) Less Common Oaks: QUPH = Q. phellos (Willow oak) , CUCO = Q. coccinea (Scarlet oak), QUMA = Q. marilandica (Blackjack Oak), QUMI = Q. michauxii (Swamp Chestnut Oak), QUSH = Q. shumardii (Shumard Oak), QULY = Q. lyrata (Overcup Oak) Hickories CACO – Carya cordiformis (Bitternut hickory) (7-)9 leaflets (sometimes 5-11) Sulfur-yellow buds, not particularly fragrant leaves Clustered grey spots located along edge of backside of leaf base Bark: much tighter than on most hickories, lacking significant ridges and not peeling off in strips Bottomland forests 2 Hickories CACA – Carya carolinae‐septentrionalis (Southern shagbark hickory) 5-7 leaflets, terminal leaflet 2-5 (-6) cm wide thin, red-brown to blackish twigs, small buds, and shaggy bark lower surface of leaflets = glabrous, except for tufts of trichomes in the main vein axils; scattered scales, Teeth have tufts of hairs (usually concentrated toward teeth tips) Grows in Uplands CAGL – Carya glabra (Pignut hickory) 5 (sometimes 7) leaflets Leaves: usually glabrous (sometimes hairy), spicily fragrant,scruffily pubescent rachis, petiole usually green, range from wide/obovate to skinny/more lanceolate Bark: close/tight intersecting smooth ridges; 5 leaflets (glabrous) Smoother Bark dark CAOL – Carya ovalis (Red hickory) Similar to C. glabra, but has 7 leaflets vs. 5 (but 5 possible), may be pubescent beneath vs. glabrous, & the petiole bases are red vs. green Buds are similar to C. pallida, but without golden-colored glands. Scruffily pubescent rachis Bark: tight or often scaly or somewhat shaggy 7 leaflets (hairy) Uncommon in Piedmont Flakey bark CAOV – Carya ovata (Shagbark hickory) 5 (or 7) leaflets, terminal leaflet (4-) 6-15 cm wide Thick (3-6 mm), tan-gray twigs and larger buds Leaf teeth have clusters of hairs on their tips (may wear off) Leaf underside is Hairy; Large round yellow peltate scales Bark: Light colored, very shaggy, in long loose strips Smells ‘dusty’ or ‘fruity’ (like artificial banana) Rich bottomlands CAPA – Carya pallida (Sand hickory) 7-9 leaflets Leaf undersides are paler, covered with many silvery scales, scruffily pubescent rachis, reddish petiole bases Spicily fragrant leaves (minor) Dry, sandy soil habitats Buds are covered with golden-colored glands CATO – Carya tomentosa (Mockernut hickory) [C. alba] Usually 7-9 leaflets Leaves: very fragrant, very hairy, scruffily pubescent rachis Bark: Tight with diamond-shaped intersecting ridges (on mature trees) Strong smell (some suggest it smells like ‘turpentine’) 3 Doubly Serrate leaves: CACR – Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam) [musclewood; ironwood] Leaf: smooth/glabrous (not hairy) on top and underneath Bark: smoother muscle-like OSVI – Ostrya virginiana (Hophornbeam) Leaf: smooth on top, hairy on bottom of leaf (try licking) Bark: kind of peely ULAL – Ulmus alata (Winged elm) Leaf: rough on top (rub hand from front to back of leaf) Small (5 cm long), top dark green, paler and slightly hairy beneath Leaf narrower than U. americana Bark: corky ‘wings’ grow along stems of older trees Leaf base not as asymmetrical as the other elms ULAM – Ulmus americana (American elm) Leaf: intermediate b/w ULAL (but wider)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of Acorn Size on the Seedling Growth of Shumard Oak, Quercus Shumardi/, Buckl
    EFFECT OF ACORN SIZE ON THE SEEDLING GROWTH OF SHUMARD OAK, QUERCUS SHUMARDII, BUCKL. By PREMKUMAR THONDIKKATTIL Bachelor of Science University of Calicut Calicut, Kerala, India 1974 Master of Science University of Calicut Calicut. Kerals, India 1976 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 1999 EFFECT OF ACORN SIZE ON THE SEEDLING GROWTH OF SHUMARD OAK, QUERCUS SHUMARDfI, BUCKL. Thesis Approved: ¥~Thesis ad VI er ~1W~ oanot the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my major adviser, Dr. Stephen W. Hallgren, Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, for his excellent guidance, constructive criticism, understanding, inspiration, support, and above all, his friendly approach throughout. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to my other graduate committee members, Dr. Robert F. Wittwer, Professor, Department of Forestry, Dr. Janet C. Cole, Professor, and Dr. Niels O. Maness, Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, for their kind help, understanding and invaluable suggestions. I am extremely grateful to Mr. Greg Huffman, Nursery Superintendent, and other employees of Forest Regeneration Center (FRC), Washington. OK for providing all the facilities and arrangements for conducting the experiment. My special thanks goes to Mr. David Porterfield, FRC Specialist, who initially suggested the problem of variability experienced among Shumard oak seedlings in the nursery. I also wish to thank the Oklahoma Mesonet for providing climatological data for the period under study. I am very pleased to mention the name of Dr. Mark E.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Planning and Zoning
    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio Trees for Bees Denise Ellsworth, Department of Entomology
    OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES FACT SHEET ENT-71-15 Ohio Trees for Bees Denise Ellsworth, Department of Entomology Many people are concerned about the health and survival of bees, including honey bees, native bumble bees and the hundreds of lesser-known native and wild bees that call Ohio home. Bees are threatened by an assortment of factors such as pests, pathogens, pesticides, climate change and a lack of nesting habitat and forage plants. Bees and flowering plants have a critical relationship. Flowering plants provide nectar and pollen for a bee’s diet. Pollen is an essential source of protein for developing bee larvae, and nectar provides a carbohydrate source. Honey bees convert nectar into honey by adding an enzyme which breaks down the complex sugars into simple sugars. Bees, in turn, transport pollen from flower to flower as they forage, allowing for plant fertilization and the production of seeds and fruit. While trees provide many well-known ecological benefits, the importance of trees as a source of food for bees is sometimes overlooked. Ohio trees can provide food for bees from early spring through late summer, with most tree species in Ohio blooming in spring and early summer. This fact sheet describes some of the Ohio trees that provide food for bees. Trees included in this list have been described as important by multiple researchers and bee experts. Other trees not listed here can also provide food for bees. For example, Ohio horticultural experts have noted significant bee foraging activity on trees such as Carolina silverbell (Halesia carolina), seven-son flower (Heptacodium miconioides), goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) and Japanese pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum) in landscape settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Whole-Tree Silvic Identifications and the Microsatellite Genetic Structure of a Red Oak Species Complex in an Indiana Old-Growth Forest
    Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 2228 Whole-tree silvic identifications and the microsatellite genetic structure of a red oak species complex in an Indiana old-growth forest Preston R. Aldrich, George R. Parker, Charles H. Michler, and Jeanne Romero-Severson Abstract: The red oaks (Quercus section Lobatae) include important timber species, but we know little about their gene pools. Red oak species can be difficult to identify, possibly because of extensive interspecific hybridization, al- though most evidence of this is morphological. We used 15 microsatellite loci to examine the genetic composition of a red oak community in 20.6 ha of an Indiana old-growth forest. The community included northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckl.), and pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.). Species were identi- fied using whole-tree silvic characters, the approach most often implemented by foresters. We found high genetic diver- sity within species but limited genetic differences between species. Phenetic clustering showed that Q. rubra and Q. shumardii were more genetically similar than either was to Q. palustris, but a neighbor-joining tree revealed that individuals of the different species did not resolve into single-species clusters. We identified four mixed-species subpopulations using Structure, a computer program based on Monte Carlo simulation. The three largest groups are consistent with the following biological interpretations: (i) pure Q. rubra,(ii) Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, and their hy- brids, and (iii) Q. rubra, Q. shumardii, Q. palustris, and their hybrids. We discuss the implications of these findings for the whole-tree silvic approach to selection and for management of the red oak gene pool.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Illinois Native Trees
    Technical Forestry Bulletin · NRES-102 Checklist of Illinois Native Trees Jay C. Hayek, Extension Forestry Specialist Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences Updated May 2019 This Technical Forestry Bulletin serves as a checklist of Tree species prevalence (Table 2), or commonness, and Illinois native trees, both angiosperms (hardwoods) and gym- county distribution generally follows Iverson et al. (1989) and nosperms (conifers). Nearly every species listed in the fol- Mohlenbrock (2002). Additional sources of data with respect lowing tables† attains tree-sized stature, which is generally to species prevalence and county distribution include Mohlen- defined as having a(i) single stem with a trunk diameter brock and Ladd (1978), INHS (2011), and USDA’s The Plant Da- greater than or equal to 3 inches, measured at 4.5 feet above tabase (2012). ground level, (ii) well-defined crown of foliage, and(iii) total vertical height greater than or equal to 13 feet (Little 1979). Table 2. Species prevalence (Source: Iverson et al. 1989). Based on currently accepted nomenclature and excluding most minor varieties and all nothospecies, or hybrids, there Common — widely distributed with high abundance. are approximately 184± known native trees and tree-sized Occasional — common in localized patches. shrubs found in Illinois (Table 1). Uncommon — localized distribution or sparse. Rare — rarely found and sparse. Nomenclature used throughout this bulletin follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System —the ITIS data- Basic highlights of this tree checklist include the listing of 29 base utilizes real-time access to the most current and accept- native hawthorns (Crataegus), 21 native oaks (Quercus), 11 ed taxonomy based on scientific consensus.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Nebraska Woody Plants
    THE NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM PRESENTS NATIVE NEBRASKA WOODY PLANTS Trees (Genus/Species – Common Name) 62. Atriplex canescens - four-wing saltbrush 1. Acer glabrum - Rocky Mountain maple 63. Atriplex nuttallii - moundscale 2. Acer negundo - boxelder maple 64. Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea 3. Acer saccharinum - silver maple 65. Ceanothus herbaceous - inland ceanothus 4. Aesculus glabra - Ohio buckeye 66. Cephalanthus occidentalis - buttonbush 5. Asimina triloba - pawpaw 67. Cercocarpus montanus - mountain mahogany 6. Betula occidentalis - water birch 68. Chrysothamnus nauseosus - rabbitbrush 7. Betula papyrifera - paper birch 69. Chrysothamnus parryi - parry rabbitbrush 8. Carya cordiformis - bitternut hickory 70. Cornus amomum - silky (pale) dogwood 9. Carya ovata - shagbark hickory 71. Cornus drummondii - roughleaf dogwood 10. Celtis occidentalis - hackberry 72. Cornus racemosa - gray dogwood 11. Cercis canadensis - eastern redbud 73. Cornus sericea - red-stem (redosier) dogwood 12. Crataegus mollis - downy hawthorn 74. Corylus americana - American hazelnut 13. Crataegus succulenta - succulent hawthorn 75. Euonymus atropurpureus - eastern wahoo 14. Fraxinus americana - white ash 76. Juniperus communis - common juniper 15. Fraxinus pennsylvanica - green ash 77. Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper 16. Gleditsia triacanthos - honeylocust 78. Mahonia repens - creeping mahonia 17. Gymnocladus dioicus - Kentucky coffeetree 79. Physocarpus opulifolius - ninebark 18. Juglans nigra - black walnut 80. Prunus besseyi - western sandcherry 19. Juniperus scopulorum - Rocky Mountain juniper 81. Rhamnus lanceolata - lanceleaf buckthorn 20. Juniperus virginiana - eastern redcedar 82. Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac 21. Malus ioensis - wild crabapple 83. Rhus copallina - flameleaf (shining) sumac 22. Morus rubra - red mulberry 84. Rhus glabra - smooth sumac 23. Ostrya virginiana - hophornbeam (ironwood) 85. Rhus trilobata - skunkbush sumac 24. Pinus flexilis - limber pine 86. Ribes americanum - wild black currant 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrastis Canadensis L.) in Pennsylvania: Explaining and Predicting Species Distribution in a Northern Edge of Range State
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/694802; this version posted July 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title: Associated habitat and suitability modeling of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) in Pennsylvania: explaining and predicting species distribution in a northern edge of range state. *1Grady H. Zuiderveen, 1Xin Chen, 1,2Eric P. Burkhart, 1,3Douglas A. Miller 1Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 2Shavers Creek Environmental Center, 3400 Discovery Rd, Petersburg, PA 16669 3Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 *telephone: (616) 822-8685; email: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/694802; this version posted July 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) is a well-known perennial herb indigenous to forested areas in eastern North America. Owing to conservation concerns including wild harvesting for medicinal markets, habitat loss and degradation, and an overall patchy and often inexplicable absence in many regions, there is a need to better understand habitat factors that help determine the presence and distribution of goldenseal populations. In this study, flora and edaphic factors associated with goldenseal populations throughout Pennsylvania—a state near the northern edge of its range—were documented and analyzed to identify habitat indicators and provide possible in situ stewardship and farming (especially forest-based farming) guidance.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Shrubs Are Backbone of Landscapes
    used in small groupings. Spicebush NATIVE SHRUBS thrives in full sun but is acceptable in partial sun. It is a good compan- ion to pine or at the edge of a beech- maple-oak woods. It has been re- ARE BACKBONE ported to be difficult to transplant because of the coarse roots but we have had 98% success when plant- OF LANDSCAPES ing in moist, well-drained, sandy loam. During the spring the light green leaves are oblong, 3 to 5 inches in length. This lime-green Allspice, Spicebush, Bayberry, and Snowberry foliage of summer is transformed into a rich yellow during fall. This fall color is spectacular. Spicebush BY DOUGLAS CHAPMAN, "Horticulturist, Dow Gardens, Midland, Ml" flowers very early in the season (late April in Central Michigan). Native shrubs should provide the spring. It grows in a wide range of These thread-like flowers, borne in backbone for home and commer- soil conditions, thriving in moist, clusters near the terminal, are cial landscapes. Four native shrubs well-drained loamy soils but yellowish-green in color. The fruit which thrive when grown in full adapts to well-drained, almost which is scarlet and shaped some- sun or light shade which provide a droughty conditions. It has darker what like raspberries can be spec- real diversity to the landscape in- green leaves during the summer tacular along with the fall foliar clude Carolina Allspice, Spice- months, becoming a pale yellow- color. This native is underused and bush, Northern Bayberry, and green in the fall but does not de- should be grown more in the trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids
    Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids . oaks, birches, evening primroses . a major group of the woody plants (trees/shrubs) present at your sites The Wind Pollinated Trees • Alternate leaved tree families • Wind pollinated with ament/catkin inflorescences • Nut fruits = 1 seeded, unilocular, indehiscent (example - acorn) *Juglandaceae - walnut family Well known family containing walnuts, hickories, and pecans Only 7 genera and ca. 50 species worldwide, with only 2 genera and 4 species in Wisconsin Carya ovata Juglans cinera shagbark hickory Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Leaves pinnately compound, alternate (walnuts have smallest leaflets at tip) Leaves often aromatic from resinous peltate glands; allelopathic to other plants Carya ovata Juglans cinera shagbark hickory Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family The chambered pith in center of young stems in Juglans (walnuts) separates it from un- chambered pith in Carya (hickories) Juglans regia English walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Trees are monoecious Wind pollinated Female flower Male inflorescence Juglans nigra Black walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Male flowers apetalous and arranged in pendulous (drooping) catkins or aments on last year’s woody growth Calyx small; each flower with a bract CA 3-6 CO 0 A 3-∞ G 0 Juglans cinera Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Female flowers apetalous and terminal Calyx cup-shaped and persistant; 2 stigma feathery; bracted CA (4) CO 0 A 0 G (2-3) Juglans cinera Juglans nigra Butternut, white
    [Show full text]
  • The Herb Society of America Essential Facts for Spicebush Lindera Benzoin
    The Herb Society of America Essential Facts for Spicebush Lindera benzoin Family: Lauraceae Latin Name: Lindera benzoin Common Name: spicebush Growth: Perennial shrub, 3 to 9 feet tall, yellow flowers Hardiness: Zone 4b-9a Light: Partial Shade Soil: Rich, acidic to basic soil Water: Mesic, moderately moist Use: Tea, flavoring, medicinal Lindera benzoin fruit Propagation: Seed, clonal via rhizome sprouting, cuttings Photo Wikimedia Commons History Spicebush had multiple medicinal uses Culture In 1783, Carl Peter Thunberg honored by Creek, Cherokee, Rappahannock, Spicebush is primarily an understory Johann Linder (1676-1724), a Swedish Mohegan and Chippewa tribes, who also species found in the wild in open forests botanist and physician, by naming the used the plant to make a beverage and and along forest edges in rich, moder- genus Lindera in honor of him. The to flavor game. It has little commercial ately moist soil and can also be found specific epithetbenzoin is an adaptation value now and can be hard to find in along stream banks. It has a wide grow- of the Middle French benjoin (from nurseries for landscape use. ing range across the country, subject to Arabic luban jawi) literally “Java Frank- winter kill only at the northern extreme incense” and refers to an aromatic of its range. This is an excellent landscape balsamic resin obtained from several Description shrub with multiple season interest. It species of trees in the genus Styrax. In the same family with other aromatic is most spectacular in group plantings shrubs (Laurus nobilis, Cinnamomum The common name for bothLindera spp., Persea spp., and Sassafras spp.) benzoin var.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List For: Engelmann Woods NA 174 Species
    Species List for: Engelmann Woods NA 174 Species Franklin County Date Participants Location NA List NA Nomination List List made by Maupin and Kurz, 9/9/80, and 4/21/93 WGNSS Lists Webster Groves Nature Study Society Fieldtrip Participants WGNSS Vascular Plant List maintained by Steve Turner Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agastache nepetoides yellow giant hyssop Lamiaceae 4 3 Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 -1 Amelanchier arborea var. arborea downy serviceberry Rosaceae 6 3 Antennaria parlinii var. undetermined (A. plantaginifolia) plainleaf pussytoes Asteraceae/Gnaphalieae 5 5 Aplectrum hyemale putty root Orchidaceae 8 1 Aquilegia canadensis columbine Ranunculaceae 6 1 Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum (A. atrorubens) Jack-in-the-pulpit Araceae 6 -2 Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia snakeroot Aristolochiaceae 6 5 Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (Cacalia atriplicifolia) pale Indian plantain Asteraceae/Senecioneae 4 5 Arnoglossum reniforme (Cacalia muhlenbergii) great Indian plantain Asteraceae/Senecioneae 8 5 Asarum canadense wild ginger Aristolochiaceae 6 5 Asclepias quadrifolia whorled milkweed Asclepiadaceae 6 5 Asimina triloba pawpaw Annonaceae 5 0 Asplenium rhizophyllum (Camptosorus) walking fern Aspleniaceae Fern/Ally 7 5 Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes maidenhair spleenwort Aspleniaceae Fern/Ally 9 5 Srank: SU Grank: G? * Barbarea vulgaris yellow rocket Brassicaceae 0 0 Blephilia hirsuta var.
    [Show full text]
  • IDENTIFYING OAKS: the HYBRID PROBLEM by Richard J
    . IDENTIFYING OAKS: THE HYBRID PROBLEM by Richard J. Jensen I Anyone who has spent time trying to identify oaks (Quercus spp.), especially in the for­ ests of eastern North America, has encountered trees that defy classification into any of the recognized species. Such trees commonly are treated as putative hybrids and often are taken as evidence that species of oaks are not as discrete as species in other groups. On the other hand, some (e.g., Muller, 1941) have argued that many, if not most, putative hybrids are nothing more than stump sprouts or aberrant individuals of a species. Muller (1941) did not deny the existence of hybrids; he was cautioning against an inflated view of the frequency of hybridization as a result of cavalier claims. As he put it (Muller, 1951), 'The freedom of hybridization ascribed to oaks is immensely overrated." While I don't disagree with these sentiments, I do believe that hybrids are a common component of forests throughout North America. Virtually all oak species in North America have been claimed to produce hybrids with one or more related species. Hardin (1975j presented a diagram illustrating hybrid combina­ tions for the common white oak (Quercus alba L.) and Fig. 1 provides a similar view for northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Because these two species have very broad geo­ graphical ranges and come in contact with a large number of related taxa, there is ample opportunity for hybrid combina- RUB tions to arise naturally. These two examples also reflect the fact that MAR coc instances of hybridization are re­ stricted to taxa within a section: Quercus section Quercus (the white and chestnut oaks) and ELL IU Quercus section Lobatae (the red and black oaks), respectively.
    [Show full text]