Shumard's Oak (Quercus Shumardii)

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Shumard’s Oak (Quercus shumardii) Plant Species of Concern State Rank: S1 (critically imperiled), Global Rank: G5 (secure) Identification Shumard’s oak is a large, deciduous tree that reaches up to 100 feet (30 meters) in height. It has gray, furrowed bark and grayish-brown, dull, bud scales on the mature branchlets. The leaves are alternate and deeply lobed. Each leaf has 7 to 9 sharply toothed lobes that tend to widen slightly toward the tip. The 4 to 7 inch (10-18 cm) leaves are dark green above, and paler green below with hairs clustered in the leaf axils. The flowers are produced when leaves emerge in spring. Male and female flowers are produced separately, with female flowers held singly or in pairs and male flowers held in clusters of long, drooping catkins. Acorns are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long and have scaly, saucer-shaped caps that cover less than ⅓ of the acorn. North American State/Province Conservation Status Map by NatureServe (2007) Photo source: John Kunsman (PNHP) Habitat Shumard’s oak has a distribution from Ontario and New York south into Texas and Florida. In Pennsylvania, it has been found in the south-central and northwestern counties. The species grows in moist to wet woods along streams, bottomlands, and lower slopes, often on calcareous substrate. Status The PA Biological Survey considers Shumard’s oak to be a species of special concern, based on the relatively few occurrences that have been confirmed. It has been assigned a rarity status of Endangered. Conservation Maintenance of known populations and preservation of the communities where Shumard’s oak grows will be crucial to its survival. Creating buffers around fragmented habitat and removal of invasive species will help to maintain populations and encourage new population growth. The management of the known sites requires long term monitoring of populations. Potential sites for restoration should be evaluated. References Photo: Aura NatureServe. 2007. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 6.2. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: September 4, 2007 ). Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Rhoads, A. F. and W. M. Klein, Jr. 1993. The Vascular Flora of Pennsylvania: Annotated Checklist and Atlas. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Rhoads, A. F. and T. A. Block. 2000. The Plants of Pennsylvania: An Illustrated Manual. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. .

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Effect of Acorn Size on the Seedling Growth of Shumard Oak, Quercus Shumardi/, Buckl
EFFECT OF ACORN SIZE ON THE SEEDLING GROWTH OF SHUMARD OAK, QUERCUS SHUMARDII, BUCKL. By PREMKUMAR THONDIKKATTIL Bachelor of Science University of Calicut Calicut, Kerala, India 1974 Master of Science University of Calicut Calicut. Kerals, India 1976 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 1999 EFFECT OF ACORN SIZE ON THE SEEDLING GROWTH OF SHUMARD OAK, QUERCUS SHUMARDfI, BUCKL. Thesis Approved: ¥~Thesis ad VI er ~1W~ oanot the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my major adviser, Dr. Stephen W. Hallgren, Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, for his excellent guidance, constructive criticism, understanding, inspiration, support, and above all, his friendly approach throughout. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to my other graduate committee members, Dr. Robert F. Wittwer, Professor, Department of Forestry, Dr. Janet C. Cole, Professor, and Dr. Niels O. Maness, Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, for their kind help, understanding and invaluable suggestions. I am extremely grateful to Mr. Greg Huffman, Nursery Superintendent, and other employees of Forest Regeneration Center (FRC), Washington. OK for providing all the facilities and arrangements for conducting the experiment. My special thanks goes to Mr. David Porterfield, FRC Specialist, who initially suggested the problem of variability experienced among Shumard oak seedlings in the nursery. I also wish to thank the Oklahoma Mesonet for providing climatological data for the period under study. I am very pleased to mention the name of Dr. Mark E.
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successfully grown in urban areas where air pollution, SHUMARD’S OAK poor drainage, compacted soil, and/or drought are common. Compared to the similar northern red oak Quercus shumardii Buckl. (Q. rubra), Shumard oak tolerates a broader range of plant symbol = QUSH soil moisture, and its more southern distribution provides stock better suited for that area. Shumard Contributed By: USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data also apparently is little affected by chlorosis, which Center & the Biota of North America Program often is a problem for other oaks in high pH soils. The wood of Shumard oak is close-grained, hard, strong, and heavy. It is generally marketed with other red oak lumber for flooring, furniture, interior trim and veneer, cabinetry, and lumber. Numerous species of songbirds, wild turkeys, waterfowl, white-tailed deer, squirrels, and other mammals eat the acorns, which are produced in abundance. The acorns are bitter but edible if the tannins are leached out. They have been ground and used as flour, roasted and ground to make coffee, and eaten whole. Status Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status, such as state noxious status and wetland indicator values. Description General: Beech Family (Fagaceae). Native tree growing to 25 m tall, with an open, rounded- spreading crown. Bark dark gray, smoothish, furrowed into ridges on lower trunk and older branches, the trunk sometimes buttressed on older trees. Leaves are alternate, elliptic, 8–18 cm long, to 12 cm wide, deeply divided into 5–9 bristle-tipped Nobel Foundation Plant Image Gallery lobes broadest toward the tip, the sinuses thumb- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation shaped, dark green above, with tufts of hairs in vein axils below, commonly turning red in fall.
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