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Tabriz Houses “Effects of Overtime Work and Additional Resources [30]H [28]Y. H. Tang and S. O. Ogunlana, 2003. “Modelling the dynamic perfomance of a construction Hayat organization,” Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 127–136. A Syntactic Approach to the Effect and the Role of and [29]P. E. D. Love, P. Manual, and H. Li, 1999. “Determining the causal structure of rework influences Riwaq in the Geometric Conception of Traditional Housing in construction,” Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 505–517. Architecture in Iran: Tabriz Houses “Effects of overtime work and additional resources [30]H. LI, P. E. D. LOVE, and D. S. DREW, 2000. on project cost and quality,” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 211–220. Ashkan MANSOURI, Prof. Dr. Alper ÜNLÜ [31]M. A. T. Lê and K. H. Law, 2009. “System Dynamic Approach for Simulation of Experience İstanbul Technical University Transfer in the AEC Industry,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 195–203. Graduate School Of Science, Engineering and Technology [32]L. Chen and P. S. W. Fong, 2013. “Visualizing Evolution of Knowledge Management Capability in [email protected], aunlu@ itu.edu.tr Construction Firms,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 139, no. 7, pp. 839–851. [33]O. Tatari, D. Castro-Lacouture, and M. J. Skibniewski, 2008. “Performance Evaluation of Construction Enterprise Resource Planning Systems,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 198–206. [34]H. Hwang, Sungjoo; Park, Moonseo; Lee, Hyun-Soo; Lee, SangHyun; and Kim, 2013. Abstract: In this study, the open and semi-open spaces of the traditional houses of Iran's Tabriz city in “Dynamic Feasibility Analysis of the Housing Supply Strategies in a Recession: Korean Housing last two hundred years are analyzed. Hayat (court) is an open area that establishes the relationship Market,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 139, pp. 148–160. between all the spaces of the house, arranges the functional spaces around it, and facilitates the [35]N. C. Onat, G. Egilmez, and O. Tatari, 2014. “Towards greening the U.S. residential building transition between surrounding places. The role of hayat in the spatial organization of the houses will be stock.A system dynamics approach,” Build. Environ., vol. 78, pp. 68–80. discussed by focusing on its syntactic characteristics. Syntactic values of house spaces are depth, [36]A. Blumberga and G. Zogla, 2011. “Residential Energy Efficiency Policy in Latvia : A System integration, circularity and isovist values. The aim of the study is to examine the role of “hayat” and Dynamics Approach,” Environ. Prot., vol. 2035. “riwaq” in traditional Tabriz houses in the tradition of the central space and in design, in the light of the [37]W. K. Fong, H. Matsumoto, and Y. F. Lun, 2009. “Application of System Dynamics model as results obtained from the analyses of the plans of the selected houses. The work reveals the importance of decision making tool in urban planning process toward stabilizing carbon dioxide emissions from cities,” these open and semi-open spaces over other spaces in terms of syntactic characteristics and the spatial Build. Environ., vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1528–1537. sequence. Another point is to examine the influence of these spaces on the geometric understanding of the [38]B. P. Thompson and L. C. Bank, 2010. “Use of system dynamics as a decision-making tool in traditional architecture of Tabriz. Hayat, eyvan and riwaq are important architectural spaces that are building design and operation,” Build. Environ., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 1006–1015. often seen in important items of the city such as bazar, madrasah and caravanserai. The present study is [39]G. P. I. Dyner, R. Smith, 1995. “System dynamics modeling for energy efficiency analysis and supported from the results of ongoing doctoral thesis research at the Graduate School of Science, management,” J. Oper. Res., vol. 46, pp. 1163–1173. Engineering and Technology of Istanbul Technical University. Within the scope of the thesis, the [40]M. G. Oladokun, I. A. Motawa, and P. F. G. Banfill, 2012. “Understanding and Improving evolution of the main living space from the traditional houses of Tabriz to the present apartments is Household Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions Policies – A System Dynamics Approach,” Proc. analyzed syntactically. In the research presented here, only the results of the syntactic schemes are Int. Conf. Enhanc. Build. Oper.. presented using the “Spatial Syntax” method. [41]M. Bayram, 2009.“Referans Bi̇ na , Oranlar, Enerji Ki̇ mli̇ k Belgesi̇ ” [42]S. Önal, 2015. “Binalarin Enerji Performansinin Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Bir Yöntem Önerisi: Keywords: Tabriz, Traditional Houses, Hayat, Riwaq, Space Syntax. Mülteci ve Siğinmacilar için Kabul ve Barinma Merkezi Binasi Örneği,” Gazi Üniversitesi. Hayat ve Revak’ın İran Geleneksel Konut Mimarisinin Geometrik Anlayışındaki Etkisi ve Rolü Dilara GÖKÇEN ÜNER, Arch.-Res. Assist., Üzerine Sentaktik Bir Yaklaşım: Tebriz Evleri Örneği She graduated from architecture department of IZTECH Faculty of Architecture. She started her master degree education in Architecture Faculty at İzmir Institute of Technology but she completed the degree at Özet: Bu çalışmada İran’ın Tebriz kentinin iki yüz senelik geleneksel evlerinin açık ve yarı açık mekânları Düzce University Art, Design and Architecture Faculty. He is still working as a research assistant at irdelenmektedir. Hayat, evin diğer ögeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi kuran, evin işlevsel hacimlerini düzenleyen Düzce University, Art, Design and Architecture Faculty, Department of Architecture. Academic interests; ve etrafında konumlanan mekânlara geçişi sağlayan bir mekândır. Bu özellikleri ile hayatın evin System Thinking and Dynamics, Building Information Modeling, Culture and Space Relation, City mekânsal dizimindeki rolü irdelenmektedir. Analizlerde ev mekânlarının derinlik, bütünleşme, döngüsellik Morphology. (merkezilik) ve eşgörüş gibi sentaktik değerleri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın hedefi seçilen evlerin planlarına uygulanan analizler sonucundan elde edilen veriler ışığında, hayat ve revakın geleneksel Ayşegül TANRIVERDİ KAYA, Dr., Tebriz evlerinde merkezi mekân geleneğinin ve kurgusun içindeki rolünü irdelemektir. Bu açık geçiş She graduated from METU Architecture Faculty, Department of Architecture. Graduate and Ph.D. mekânlarının diğer mekânlara göre sentaktik özellikleri ve mekânsal dizimdeki önemi ortaya degrees are from the Department of Landscape Architecture. She is currently at Düzce University Faculty konmaktadır. Diğer bir husus ise bu mekânların Tebriz’in geleneksel mimarisinin geometrik of Art Design and Architecture Department of Architecture. She is working as an Assist. Prof. Dr. anlayışındaki etkisi ve rolünü irdelemektir. Nitekim hayat, eyvan ve revak; bazar, medrese ve kervansaray Academic interests; Cultural Landscape, Culture and Space Relation, Urban Landscape and Morphology gibi kentin önemli ögelerinde de sıkça kullanıldığı görülen mimari ögelerdir. Bu çalışmada bu ögelerin and System Dynamics. “Tebriz’in geleneksel konut mimarisinin de ana ögeleri olduğu kabul edilebilir mi?” sorusuna cevap A+ArchDesign - Year: 4 Number: 1 - Yıl: 4 Sayı: 1 - 2018 (47-64) 47 A Syntactic Approach to the Effect and the Role of Hayat and Riwaq in the Geometric Conception of Traditional Housing Architecture in Iran: Tabriz Houses aranmaktadır. Sunulan çalışmada İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü’nde devam eden doktora tez Hayat (court) and riwaq (portico) in Iran, and in the traditional life of Tabriz in particular, are the main araştırmasının sonuçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Tez kapsamında Tebriz’in geleneksel evlerinden günümüz spaces where households sleep and rest, and on special religious days they are used for cooking. People apartmanlarına kadar uzanan geçiş sürecinde ana yaşam mekânının evrimi sentaktik olarak who come to the house from the outside are firstly hosted there too, so these spaces are used both as irdelenmektedir. Burada sunulan çalışmada ise sadece geleneksel evlerde “Mekânsal Dizim” yöntemi social and recreational spaces. These spaces provide contiguous and gradual transitions from outside and kullanılarak sentaktik analizler şemalar üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. from public areas into the area devoted to private life. Therefore, they help households to control the level of privacy. On the other hand, hayat brings the people of the house together with the natural world, and in Anahtar kelimeler: Geleneksel Tebriz Evleri, Hayat, Revak, Mekânsal Dizim the same way, it ushers natural light and fresh air into other living spaces. This study will discuss the characteristics of hayat and riwaq in traditional Tabriz houses and how they organize the connection 1. INTRODUCTION between the other spaces. Tabriz city lies in the center of Eastern Azerbaijan Province in the northwestern region of Iran. The traditional residential architecture of Tabriz persisted for many years, and until the Pahlavi period in the Methodologically, the present study will focus on the syntactical values of the spaces, obtained as a result early twentieth century, the city's traditional texture and architecture had not changed. The architecture of analyses conducted of the plan schemes using the spatial syntax method. There are studies of came into being in accordance with the demands of traditional lifestyle and did not change dramatically. traditional Tabriz houses which mostly emphasize the structural and climatic features, however the An exploration of the houses of the north-western part of Iran, and Tabriz houses in particular, can give syntactical approach has not been used in the studies of traditional
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