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Qualitative Assessment of the Sensory Dimensions of Space in Historical Bagh-e Nazar, 16(81), 17-34 /March. 2020 DOI:10.22034/BAGH.2019.168924.3972 Persian translation of this paper entitled: ارزیابیکیفیابعادحسیفضادربازارهایتاریخیازمنظراستفادهکنندگان )مطالعۀموردی:بازارقزوین( is also published in this issue of journal. Qualitative Assessment of the Sensory Dimensions of Space in Historical Bazaars from the Users’ point of view (Case Study: Qazvin Bazaar)* Javad Samadi1, Dariush Sattarzadeh**2, Lida Balilan Asl3 1. Ph. D. Student of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. 2. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. 3. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. Received: 20/01/2019 ; revised: 25/05/2019 ; accepted: 15/06/2019 ; available online: 20/02/2020 Abstract Problem statement: Perception is our sensory experience of the surrounding world and requires the recognition of environmental stimulus and responses to them. Architecture is a multiple realm of sensory experiences that mutually affect each other and are interconnected and provide an opportunity for perception of a space. Throughout history, “ Iranian traditional bazaars”, with a vast collection of land uses and adjacent buildings, were lively centers of cities, and social interactions. These covered bazaars, which are valuable relics from the pre- modern era, can be considered as multi-sensory spaces, unlike contemporary shopping malls and shopping centers, which make sense of belonging to a place among users. Research Objectives: The present study attempts to qualitatively examines the senses cape components in the Qazvin Bazaar from the users’ viewpoint, considering the importance of sensory perception system in spatial perception and the role that this perception can play in the process of cognition and behavior. Research Method: The present study is a historical-descriptive research in which the data were analyzed using analytical-comparative techniques. The data were collected using secondary (desk) study and field study. Conclusion: The results indicate that proper responses to various aspects of the sensory system in historical bazaars have created a multi-sensory environment while maintaining the interference of sensory domain. The qualitative cognition of the sense’s cape components in the present study determined that the visual landscape has the greatest role in the perception of environment, and like the tacti escape, it is fixed during the day. On the other hand, the soundscape and smells cape are considered as two stimuluses affecting the sensory enrichment of the environment, which have more changes during the day than other environmental stimulus. Keywords: Perception of environment, Multi-sensory Architecture, Iranian Bazaar, Qazvin Bazaar. * This paper is extracted from Javad Samadi’s PhD thesis entitled Qazvin)” which is done in 2019, under the supervision of Dr. Dariush “Comparative Comparison of New Commercial Buildings and Sattarzadeh and advisement of Dr. Lida Balilan Asl in Islamic Azad Historical Bazaars from the Perspective of Environmental Perception university (IAU), Tabriz, Iran. in Order to Formulate Design Principles and Criteria (Case Study: ** Corresponding author: [email protected] +989143162180 ........................................17. .. ........... ........ ....... .......... The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism J. Samadi, et al Introduction Today, there is no such a sense of belonging in Problem statement contemporary passages. In the pre-modern period, urban space had In the various definitions of perception, the fixed elements that comprised the structure and creation of meaning, the meaningfulness of backbone of traditional cities. These spaces, sensory findings as well as the subjectivity of including citadel, fortress, gate, city wall, and the perceptual process play a core role. From bazaar, etc., were of spaces that were tied with this perspective, perception means a mental people’s lives and livelihoods. Among the spaces or psychological process that is responsible available, public spaces are of great importance for selecting and organizing information and because they represent the domination of these ultimately, making them meaningful (Iravani & thoughts. Commercial spaces, such as shopping Khoda Panahi, 2018, 25). In fact, perception is malls, bazaars, passages, shopping streets, etc., our sensory experience of the surrounding world are considered as public spaces and also, the and requires the recognition and understanding result of the changes and developments of these of environmental stimuli, as well as responses thoughts (Habibi & Mahmoudi Patti, 2017, 44). to these stimuli. Through perceptual process, Throughout history, “traditional Iranian bazaars” we obtain information about the environmental with a wide range of uses and adjacent buildings, elements that are vital to our survival. Perception were an active center of the city and used for is not only our experience of the world but also social interactions. In these bazaars, in addition to allows us to be active within our environment economic exchange, many social, religious, and (Abbasi et al, 2015, 296). In the sciences on even political events were used to take place. The perception and understanding of the environment, bazaar was the most important communication it is emphasized that those systems directing axis and urban space in ancient Iranian cities. the environment and human’s perception are Like other phenomena, bazaar initially has a of great importance. Environmental perception simple form and function, but it has gradually is a “subjective and objective” process that is changed according to the spatial and temporal achieved by interacting with the environment. needs (Abbasi; Habib& Mokhtabad, 2015, This process has a dynamic nature and can lead 291). As the importance of religion increased in to a sense of place in the environment. society and government and commercial relations Therefore, considering the importance of the developed during the Safavid period, the bazaar sensory perception in spatial perception and the has been considered as the most decisive and most role of this perception in human’s cognition and significant urban element in the history of Iranian behavior and using the psychological findings urbanism, and has always been paid attention by on perception, the present study attempts to citizens and rulers. Gradually, with the advent of qualitatively study the sensory perception modernism in Iran, historic centers and valuable process in Iranian historical bazaars (case study: textures of cities have been evacuated and these Qazvin Bazaar). In fact, the results of the present centers have been degenerated, resulting in the study can represent the role of human senses in decline and degeneration of traditional Iranian meaningfulness of historical bazaars, and also, ........... markets. These bazaars, due to various uses they can be used to design architectural patterns and special architectural features, seem to have for new business centers considering the human’s .......... multisensory environment, which has effective in perception of the environment and its effect on ........ creation of the sense of belonging in this space. creating a sense of belonging to the environment. ....... ...... .... ..... .................. ............................................................. 18 The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism ........ Bagh-e Nazar, 16(81), 17-34 /March. 2020 Research question and hypothesis followed by tacti escape, smells cape, visual According to the problem statement, the main landscape, soundscape, and tastes cape. question raised in the present study is: Salehinia and Niroumand Shishvan (2018), in How did sensory dimensions of space in Iranian their research, explained the role of sense-based historical bazaars affect the process of recognition senses cape components in the quality of sensory- and perception and thereby…the sense of place? environmental perception of the passageway of To answer this question, the following hypothesis New Arg of Tabriz. The results indicated that is raised: there is a positive and significant correlation Due to a multi-sensory environment in the between the senses cape components and the Iranian historical bazaars, human’s senses were quality of sensory perception of the passageway stimulated and his cognition and behavior were of New Arg of Tabriz. Accordingly, the senses influenced. of touch, hearing, taste, smell and sight, had the greatest role in perception, respectively. Research background In the present article, it is attempted to evaluate Literature review of the research background the quality of the sense’s cape components in the shows that there are limited quantitative studies historical Qazvin Bazaar from its. Users’ view on the sense’s cape components in historical of points. So, the concept of perception of the bazaars and their role in the cognition of these environment and its process are discussed in brief. spaces. In the following, the most important Then, sense of environment, senses cape and its studies and their findings are presented and components are introduced to be evaluated in the analyzed: historical Qazvin Bazaar, in order to recognize Abbasi et al. (2015), in their study, developed the components of sensory perception in Iranian
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