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Architetture Tradizionali in Iran E Analisi GIS Influenza Delle Condizioni Climatiche Caso Di Studio Villaggio Varkaneh

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Architetture Tradizionali in Iran E Analisi GIS Influenza Delle Condizioni Climatiche Caso Di Studio Villaggio Varkaneh POLITECNICO DI TORINO Facoltà di architettura Corso di Laurea in Architettura per il Restauro e Valorizzazione del Patrimonio Tesi di Laurea Magistrale Architetture tradizionali in Iran e analisi GIS Influenza delle condizioni climatiche Caso di studio villaggio Varkaneh Relatore: Arch. Antonia Spanò Candidata: Fargol Emami Anno Accademico 2017/2018 INDICE RINGRAZIAMENTI .................................................................................................................................. 12 INTRODUZIONE ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Capitolo1 ............................................................................................................................................... 18 1. I sistemi informativi geografici(GiS) .................................................................................................. 18 1.1 Cos’è un GIS?................................................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Obiettivo dei GIS ............................................................................................................................. 19 1.3 Modello di dati geografici ............................................................................................................... 19 1.3.1 Dati con struttura Vettoriale ................................................................................................. 20 1.3.2 Dati con struttura Raster ....................................................................................................... 20 1.4 Campi di applicazione ..................................................................................................................... 20 1.5 Componenti del GIS ....................................................................................................................... 21 1.6 Caratteristiche del GIS .................................................................................................................... 22 1.7 La scala nel GIS ................................................................................................................................ 22 1.8 Conclusione ............................................................................................................................. 24 Capitolo 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 25 2. Classificazione climatica in Iran ......................................................................................................... 26 2.1 Sottoclassificazione climatica dei tre gruppi principali ......................................................... 29 2.1. 2Interconnessioni ambiente –clima- architettura ................................................................. 32 2.2 PRIMA ZONA: Regioni montuose e altopiano ................................................................................. 33 2.2.1 Condizioni climatiche ............................................................................................................. 33 2.2.2 Struttura urbana e rurale nella zona 1 ................................................................................. 34 2.2.3 Forma dell'edificio nella zona 1 ............................................................................................ 36 2.2.4 Tipi di materiali nella zona1 .................................................................................................. 40 2.2.5 Utilizzo sostenibile dell’energia termica .............................................................................. 41 2.3 SECONDA ZONA: Costa meridionale del Mar Caspio ...................................................................... 43 2.3.1 Condizioni climatiche ............................................................................................................. 43 2.3.2 Struttura urbana e rurale nella zona 2 ................................................................................. 43 2.3.3 Forma dell’edificio.................................................................................................................. 44 2.4 TERZAZONA: Centro dell'Iran, zona desertica ................................................................................ 46 2.4. 1Condizioni climatiche ............................................................................................................. 46 2.4.2 Il qanat e come viene realizzato ............................................................................................ 47 2.4.3 Badghir: Le torri a vento ........................................................................................................ 55 2.4.4 Badghir adibito residenza civile ............................................................................................ 56 2.4.5 Struttura urbana e rurale nella zona 3 ................................................................................. 58 2.4.6 Forma dell'edificio nella zona 3 ............................................................................................ 58 2.4.7 Tipologia di materiali nella zona 3 ........................................................................................ 61 2.5 QUARTA ZONA: Costa del Golfo Persico e Golfo di Oman.............................................................. 62 2.5.1 Condizioni climatiche ............................................................................................................ 62 2.5.2 Struttura urbana e rurale nella zona 4 ................................................................................. 62 2.5.3 Forma dell'edificio nella zona 4 ............................................................................................ 63 2.5.4 Tipo di materiali nella zona 4 ................................................................................................ 64 Capitolo3 ............................................................................................................................................... 67 3.1 Breve cronistoria della dinastia safavide ed il loro impatto sulle città scelte come capitali .......... 67 3.2 Inquadramento storico del Hamadan ............................................................................................. 72 3.3 Inquadramento storico del villaggio di Varkaneh ........................................................................... 77 3.3.1 Varkaneh come esempio di rinascimento iraniano ............................................................. 77 3.3.2 Da Varkaneh a Campofei ........................................................................................................ 78 3.3.3 Elementi storici nella villaggio di Varkaneh ........................................................................ 83 Capitolo 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 87 4. Analisi territoriali con ausilio di GIS .................................................................................................. 87 4.1 Inquadramento territoriale ............................................................................................................. 87 4.1.1 Varkaneh ...................................................................................................................................... 87 4.1.2 Contesto geografico e Clima ........................................................................................................ 89 4.2 Procedura di reperimento dei dati ................................................................................................. 89 4.2.1 Dati cartografici utilizzati ...................................................................................................... 91 Capitolo 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 97 5Caso di studio “Varkaneh” .................................................................................................................. 97 5.1 Caratteristiche tecnologie ............................................................................................................... 97 5.2 Tecnologia e materiali da costruzione ............................................................................................ 98 5.2.1 La pietra ....................................................................................................................................... 99 5.2.2 Il legno .......................................................................................................................................... 99 5.4 Tecnologia della costruzione: spazi e edifici ................................................................................. 100 5.4.1 Elementi costruttivi principali .................................................................................................... 101 5.4.1.1 Fondazione .............................................................................................................................. 101 5.4.1.2 Murature ................................................................................................................................. 101 5.4.1.2.1 Pareti in pietra ...............................................................................................................
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