Anglo-Saxons

Anglo-Saxon Britain was divided and ruled very differently to the way we know now. By 556, Britain was divided into 7 Kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, Sussex, Kent, Essex and East Anglia. Each was ruled by a different king. They fought to defend their kingdom or take control of other Anglo- kingdoms. Saxon

By AD 878, there was just one kingdom left Britain (Wessex) as the others had been overrun by the Vikings.

The death of Edward the Confessor, who had no heir, led to the Battle of Hastings and a new era in British history.

Timeline of Anglo-Saxon Britain

Anglo-Saxons raid English shores and are Chelmsford during the Anglo-Saxon era 350 beaten back by the Romans. The word Essex originates from Anglo- Romans leave England and English shores are 410 Saxon times, deriving from the Old unprotected. English name ‘Eastseaxe’ meaning East 449- Arrival of Jutes from Jutland, Angles from Saxons. 550 South of Denmark and Saxons from Germany. 556 Seven kingdoms are created across Britain.

St Augustine brings Christianity to Britain from 597 Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.

793 Viking raid on Lindisfarne.

Ecgberth became king of Wessex, which became 802 the most powerful of the Saxon kingdoms. In 2017, coins dating back to 620-640AD were discovered in a field in Chelmsford. The other 6 kings swore an allegiance to 827 Ecgberth and he became the first true king of a The coins are now worth approximately united England. £10,000.

860s & Viking invasions. All kingdoms except Wessex An Anglo-Saxon burial ground with over

870s taken over by Vikings. 250 graves was discovered in Springfield.

England united under King Elred after the A range of jewellery and belt buckles were 954 defeat of Eric Bloodaxe, the Viking ruler of discovered in the graves as well as York by the Wessex army. weapons, pottery and buckets. It is Death of Edward the Confessor - end of the believed the cemetery dates back to 1066 Anglo-Saxon era. c. 450-700AD.

Electricity

Electrical energy is caused by electrons (the particles in atoms) moving about to make a current.

Electricity can be created in a variety of ways: burning fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal); using wind power; using solar power from the Sun and using water power (sometimes called hydropower).

Electricity is transported to our homes, schools and places of work through wires and cables. It can also be stored in batteries (sometimes called cells).

Circuits need to be complete for them to work Components of a circuit and their properly. Circuits that are not complete will not symbols. These symbols can be used work because the electricity cannot travel around to create electrical circuit diagrams. them properly.

You can change the way the components in a circuit Vocabulary work by increasing/reducing the voltage. You can circuit - a path that an electrical also increase /decrease the resistance by adding/ current can flow around removing components or changing from series to symbol - a visual picture that stands for parallel and vice versa. something else

Circuits can be cell/battery - a device that stores made in series or energy as a chemical until it is needed. A

parallel. cell is a single unit. A battery is a collection of cells. In a series circuit, the components are current - the flow of electrons, connected end-to- measured in amps. end, one after the amps - how electric current is measured. other. voltage - the force that makes the In a parallel circuit, electric current move through the wires. the components are The greater the voltage, the more connected side by current will flow. side and the current has a choice resistance - the difficulty that the of routes (paths). electric current has when flowing around a circuit.

electrons - very small particles that travel around an electrical circuit.