LAFFTHE LAFF SOCIETY Promoting Social and Professional Contacts Among Former Staff Members of the Ford Foundation

Winter 2017, No. 85

tion and Rockefeller University had initiated archives programs. JDR, Jr., had passed away but his sons, known as the “Brothers Genera- tion”, became involved with discussions about creating a joint archive for the various Rocke- feller entities, by then including the Rockefel- ler Brothers Fund, their own foundation. While discussions to construct a joint archive continued for many years, a break- through occurred following the passing of Martha Baird Rockefeller in 1971. The deci- sion was made then to convert her country home to a new archival research center, and to construct the archival vaults into the bed- Overseas representatives at a meeting in 1953. There were offices rock below the house. This new entity, now then in New Delhi, Karachi, Beirut, Rangoon and Jakarta. officially the Rockefeller Archive Center, was founded in 1974 and opened its doors to scholarly research the next year. The RAC’s founding institutions recog- Ford’s Records an Integral nized immediately that the decision to open their records to outside access would attract Part of the Rockefeller widespread interest, and that the growing and changing impact of philanthropy on innumerable aspects of modern life would Archive Center be of great interest to scholars studying wide-ranging disciplines. Of course, the By Lee Hiltzik importance of preserving the story of philan- founders realized that some individuals The author is Assistant Director and Head of thropic work and making that documentation would seek to uncover conspiracies and Donor Relations and Collection Development available to a broad research community. rummage through closets for all sorts of at the Rockefeller Archive Center. This article While the records of the Ford Foundation skeletons, but there was an overriding faith was written especially for The LAFF Society and those of its officers and administrators that interest in the collections would provide newsletter. are a relatively recent addition to the RAC, a positive, edifying contribution to knowl- they are a vital component of this history, edge—and they were right. riving up to Hillcrest, once the country including newsletters and correspondence of More than 8,000 people have come to the home of the late Martha Baird Rocke- the LAFF Society. Center to conduct research. They avail them- Dfeller on the grounds of the Rockefeller The official founding of the Rockefeller selves of a current collection of 120 million family estate in New York’s Westchester Archive Center dates to 1974, but its history pages of documents, 18,000 reels of micro- County, is no longer the social call on the begins in the 1950s when advisors to John D. film, 5,000 films, close to 1,000,000 pho- widow of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., that it once Rockefeller, Jr., began conversations about tographs, 15,000 audio-visual items, 6,000 was for many. Rather, it is now a purposeful the importance of preserving the records of architectural drawings, maps, and posters, visit to the Rockefeller Archive Center (RAC), his personal philanthropy and family history. and 45 terabytes of electronic data. a focal point for historical research of the var- Part of this discussion grew out of the historic In addition to the scholars who conduct ious realms of philanthropy. preservation movement that was solidifying their studies in the Center’s reading rooms, Perched atop a hill, with a grand view of the at that time and, partially, was a function of many thousands of others conduct offsite Hudson River (though from its top floor, in the voluminous quantities of materials being research by requesting copies of specific doc- winter only), the house is the physical marker collected at the family office in Room 5600 at uments or otherwise engage with our archi- for the archival vaults that lie in its sub-base- Rockefeller Center. vists. In recent years, on average, our archival ments. The Center embodies a vision of the By the 1960s, both the Rockefeller Founda- Continued on next page Rockefeller Archive Center ents, who are working on National History The absorption of this material into our Continued from page 1 Day projects. Our researchers also include holdings was on a different order of magni- architects, documentary filmmakers, land- tude from past accretions. While the archives staff has handled almost 2,000 research scape architects, genealogists, museum and of other foundations typically added a few requests annually. exhibit curators, and journalists. dozen to a few hundred cubic feet of records The majority of our researchers are con- The Center defines very broadly what (imagine a standard storage carton as one nected with academe: professors, professors constitutes a bona fide researcher. We do not cubic foot), the Ford Foundation Archives emeriti, graduate students and undergradu- require letters of introduction or other offi- involved taking in more than 2,000 cubic feet ates. High school students come to RAC cial documentation. If a person can articulate of paper records, 11,000 reels of grants stored occasionally when they are looking for pri- the parameters of a research project and, on microfilm, and more than 200 cubic feet of mary source materials for their papers, and as part of a conversation with an archivist, audio-visual materials. even grade school students, with their par- explain how the archival documents in our Once the collection was opened in the holdings will benefit his or her work, then the spring of 2012, the number of researchers researcher is welcome to pursue his or her who have come to use this archives has been CORRECTION study in the open records at the Center. extremely impressive. The vast majority are In our previous issue, Fall 2016, we inad- Almost immediately upon opening the not writing about the Ford Foundation per vertently published the wrong picture to archives of the Rockefeller University, the se but studying the impact of Ford’s activities accompany the article “Kalman Silvert in Rockefeller Foundation, the Rockefeller in the context of broader research. Scholars the Ford Foundation”. This is the correct photograph of the late Mr. Silvert. Brothers Fund and the Rockefeller Family, studying tropical agricultural innovation, the Center began collecting a wide variety of rural development and civil society immerse papers of other foundations either created themselves in the records of both the Ford by or significantly funded by the Rockefeller Foundation and other archives here. family. This decision broadened the holdings Our records of Ford’s role supporting of the Center to include the records of such reproductive research and family planning, organizations as the Asia Society, the Pop- academic freedom, transnational programs ulation Council and the Downtown Lower for peace and the fight for human rights do- Association. mestically and internationally are all magnets We also began receiving manuscript collec- for researchers to come to the Center. tions, that is, the personal papers of the offi- Many scholars find that while their initial cers and administrators who worked within goal might have been to explore the records these institutions. These actions greatly deep- of one particular collection, such as the So- ened and broadened the content holdings of cial Science Research Council or the Taconic the archives in many far-flung fields, such as Foundation or the Near East Foundation on The LAFF Society scientific research, public health, New York a given subject, they quickly discover that c/o Nellie Toma history and cultural history. the Ford collection proves to be a fountain of PO Box 701107, East Elmhurst, NY 11370 The next step in expanding the archives valuable material for their study as well. E-Mail: [email protected] followed in the mid-1980s, when the Govern- How does one measure the impact of an www.laffsociety.org ing Council of the Center made a strategic archive on knowledge? How can one quantify decision to incorporate archival collections of that and make any evaluation of the impact of Shepard Forman, President non-Rockefeller-related entities. The archives the Rockefeller Archive Center on learning, Betsy Campbell and Suzanne Siskel, Vice Presidents of the Commonwealth Fund and the Russell on scholarship and, in essence, on the right Nellie Toma, Secretary-Treasurer Sage Foundation brought to RAC new col- for access to information? There are very few Dorothy Nixon, Administrative Secretary lections of institutions that had significant metrics to turn to. We do tap into twenty-first Michele Cole, Administrative Secretary programmatic overlap with existing collec- century technology and use Google Analytics EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE tions. This was particularly true for medical to see the number of times we get “hits” on Judy Barsalou Janet Maughan research, medical education, public health our website and, perhaps more important, of Sheila Gordon Michael Seltzer and health care policy in the case of Com- individuals who explore the “online finding John LaHoud monwealth, and in social welfare, economics aids” (the archival term we use for catalogues) and policy planning for Russell Sage. to our collections. For example, last year, for ADVISORY BOARD These additions began a new chapter in the Ford Foundation finding aids alone, there David Arnold Ruth Mayleas the history of the institution, and in essence were more than 15,000 Google-driven search- William Carmichael Mary McClymont placed a different emphasis on what the es, representing users from all six continents. Peter Cleaves Mora McLean name, Rockefeller Archive Center, actually As a more traditional example of the im- Joan Dassin Janice Molnar means. Others that have joined us over the pact of our collections over the past 40 years, Mahnaz Ispahani Sheila Nelson years include the Foundation for Child De- though, more than 6,000 books, dissertations, Lance Lindblom Raymond Offenheiser velopment, the Lucille Markey Charitable academic articles and conference papers Michael Lipsky S. Gowher Rizvi Theodora Lurie Anthony Romero Trust, the William T. Grant Foundation and have been listed in the RAC Bibliography of Kerwin Tesdell the John A. Harford Foundation. Scholarship, reflecting research that cites our Then, in 2011, we acquired the Ford Foun- materials. A few examples of the most recent John LaHoud, Editor dation Archives, the strongest statement yet Ford-related additions to our bibliographic Nellie Toma, Assistant Editor of the new direction of the enhanced Rocke- database (available at www.zotero.org/groups/ Susan Huyser, Graphic Designer feller Archive Center. rac) include an article in Portuguese on the

2 The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 Garden Christmas Carol Singing A directors’ meeting.

A member of the office staff at work in Jakarta. A meeting, apparently, in India.

The history of the Ford Foundation is being shaped through a voluminous trove of documents collected at the Rockefeller Archive Center—and through a great many pictures. Much of the material is clearly marked with each document’s pur- pose, date and participants, but many of the pictures are not. A few of those photographs are re-printed here with what informa- tion is available to identify them, if there is any at all. We will print more pictures in future issues, hoping that LAFF’s members can provide addi- tional identification to add to the accumulating history of the Foundation. Information on the people pictured here and the dates can be sent to John LaHoud, editor of the newsletter, at [email protected] PHOTOS COURTESY OF THE ROCKEFELLER ARCHIVE CENTER role of the Ford Foundation in developing the pect that this trend of social sciences in Brazil, a report of Ford sup- heavy use of our col- port for symphony orchestras, an article on lections will not only Members of one of the Foundation’s programs. Black power in the postmodern city, an arti- continue but will grow cle in German on agricultural development in size and breadth. in East Germany, and a conference paper on The Rockefeller Archive Center, the Ford More information about the Rocke- American foundations and cultural diploma- Foundation and the people connected with feller Archive Center, and about the cy in Italy during the postwar period. both institutions have a clear reason to cheer possibility of donating official and As more researchers learn about our Ford these developments—and we are certain personal papers to it, is available by Foundation collections from citations, from Martha Baird Rockefeller would approve contacting Lee Hiltzik at lhiltzik@ colleagues and from internet searches, we ex- what we have done with her home. rockarch.org. n

The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 3 Rockefeller Archive Center Continued from page 3

Some documents in the archives need little explanation. Here, the author James Baldwin wrote to W. McNeil Lowry, long-time vice president of the Foundation whose support of the arts made Ford one of the major contributors to the development of the arts in this country. Baldwin is referring, apparently, to his novel Another Country.

new book by John Ambler, Empowered The book is available online at http:// Development in Poor Countries, based ON THE BOOKSHELF tinyurl.com/gl592u4 Aon a series of 13 seminars he conducted while working for Oxfam America, sets forth HISTORY’S LESSONS FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA the principle that “Positive, prolonged, equi- LESSONS FOR William Rust continues to receive accolades table, affordable and transformative change is for his meticulously researched studies of the very difficult to achieve, but not impossible.” DEVELOPMENT origins and development of the United States’ The seminars drew on a lifetime of aca- decades-long involvement in the wars in demic research and work in development, to reject development efforts. Rather, he has Southeast Asia in the last century, in particu- including 10 years with the Ford Foundation embraced with humility and respect all those lar with his latest, Eisenhower and Cambodia: in South and Southeast Asia. who toil in hope for a better world.” Diplomacy, Covert Action, and the Origins of He began work with Ford in 1988 as a Ambler notes in the preface to the book the Second Indochina War. program officer in the Indonesia office. Two that “many development professionals never The book was chosen by Choice magazine years later he was named deputy representa- seem to learn from experience as they bounce for its list of outstanding titles of scholarly tive for India, Nepal and Sri Lanka and then from project to project, rarely ever seeing works published in 2016. was representative for Vietnam and Thailand how what they left behind actually operates. “He conclusively demonstrates,” the citation before leaving the Foundation in 1997. Given the huge scale of aid grants and loans reads, “that, as with Laos in 1958 and 1960, He followed his work at Ford with a year’s for developing countries, it is amazing how covert intervention in the internal political stint with the Social Science Research Coun- little accountability there is in terms of integ- affairs of neutral Cambodia proved to be coun- cil as its project manager for China and Viet- rity of approach and quality.... terproductive for advancing the United States’ nam, became regional director in Asia for “I don’t have all the answers, but I think anti-Communist goals.... Rust skillfully traces CARE, and then joined Oxfam, first as senior these seminars provide some clarity about the impact of ‘plausible deniability’ on the vice president for programs and then as vice which approaches work and why.” formulation and execution of foreign policy. president for strategy. The book, he said, advances “what may be “His meticulous study not only reveals a “John is possessed of the ‘gift of doubt’,” said a more or less common set of programming neglected chapter in Cold War history, but it Raymond Offenheiser, president of Oxfam, principles for rural development. I start from also illuminates the intellectual and political in the foreword to the book, “and has used the point of view that pro-poor, sustained, and origins of U.S. strategy in Vietnam and this gift throughout his career to question the empowering approaches to development are the often-hidden influence of intelligence fundamental assumptions of development. Yet, challenging and complicated. Equitable and operations in foreign affairs.” he has never been driven by doubt or cynicism just development really is rocket science....” In an article for the LSE Review of Books,

4 The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 published by the London School of Econom- THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ics, Elizabeth Becker, a former reporter for The New York Times, notes that “By scouring thousands of previously classified documents Seventy-five years ago this month, Stefan Zweig, and then discovering how suddenly and irrevocably and new primary source materials, Rust the acclaimed European author, committed suicide that window can be slammed shut.” shows how Washington refused to accept along with his wife, Lotte Altmann, in Petropolis, If The World of Yesterday was written to decry the Cambodia’s stance as a neutral country and Brazil, where they had taken refuge from the ravages “end of Europe” and provide future generations with used covert actions and its massive financial of the Nazi advance in Europe and after a brief, the warning signs of catastrophic authoritarianism, and military might to push Cambodia into unhappy exile in Ossining, N.Y. Brazil: Land of the Future, was a last-ditch paean the U.S. camp, conspiring with Cambodia’s From his 1941 memoir, The World of Yesterday, and to Zweig’s utopian vision of a world in egalitarian neighbors and dissidents.... Rust’s book elimi- letters to friends, Zweig emerges as a victim of despair, harmony, two contrasting visions that he could not nates any idea of American innocence.” a man whose dream of a borderless, inter-ethnic Eu- reconcile: “the trap of nationalism and the trauma of Rust discussed the background to the rope was shattered by conquest and extermination. His exile”, in the words of Benjamin Ramm of the BBC on historical period, and the research he did to quest for revival in the multicultural Brazilian tropics, February 22. illuminate that time, in a lengthy interview described in his 1942 classic, Brazil: Land of the Future, Reflecting on the plight of refugees streaming into with the Voice of America, which is available succumbed to an overriding fear that Nazism would Austria as Hitler assumed power, Zweig despaired of at http://tinyurl.com/hjph8je. Background on follow the Reich’s surveillance submarines across the his own statelessness: “So I belong nowhere now, I am his other books on the region was provided Atlantic and pursue his dream to his mountain retreat. a stranger or at most a guest everywhere.” in an article in the Winter 2016 issue of this Zweig’s dilemma and its tragic end have been con- As these stunning reminders alert us, Zweig’s newsletter in the LAFFing Parade section. temporized by a number of analysts in light of Donald dilemmas are to an extent mirrored in our own: the Rust, who worked at the Foundation from J. Trump’s startling victory in last Fall’s presidential rise of nationalisms; the threats to democracy, con- 1985 to 1991 in what was then the Office of election, most notably by George Prochnik in a riveting stitutionalism and the rule of law; the dehumanizing Reports and now is the Office of Communi- article in the February 6 issue of The New Yorker, “When cloud of deportation, separation and a personal sense cations, continues to research and write about It’s Too Late to Stop Fascism, According to Stefan Zweig”. of statelessness. But Zweig’s despair need not be ours. the region and that period in its history. In his memoir, Prochnik writes, Zweig took notice As Prochnik concludes, “...even in a culture where His latest project is a history of United of the failure of European political elites and the misinformation has become omnipresent, where an States diplomacy and intelligence operations media to take account of the economic discontent angry base, supported by disparate, well-heeled in Indonesia from 1942 through 1960. “The that followed Germany’s WWI defeat and post-war interests, feels empowered by the relentless lying of a book starts,” he said, “with the evacuation of humiliation at Versailles, and their dismissal of Hit- charismatic leader, the center may still hold.” the U.S. consulate in Batavia/Jakarta when ler as an improbable leader. They believed that the The Foundation has given us a strong sense of this the Japanese invaded Java and will end with the aftermath of the failed U.S.-backed coup rash of orders initially emitted from the Chancellery center, this core of values and the formal and informal against President Sukarno in 1958.” would soon settle into bureaucratic regularity under civil organizations and social movements that sustain And, with all his books, he said, “one the steady protections of the rule of law and every it. We see them in the Women’s March on Washington, theme that emerges about U.S. relations with citizen’s belief that “his liberty and equal rights were in court filings on behalf of refugees and immigrants, the newly independent countries of postwar secured by the solemnly affirmed constitution”. in defense of voting rights and opposition to gerry- Southeast Asia should have particular rele- It what is now widely cited as the Reichstag exam- mandering, in support of the social safety net and vance today: During the decades that some ple, Zweig postulated that a brief window existed in equal opportunity, in the struggle against racism and look back to as a time when America was which the imposition of despotic rule could be avoid- for the rights of women and minorities, in the pro- ‘great’, the regional ignorance and ideologi- ed. The burning of the German parliament, within 30 motion of human rights, in funding for public broad- cal rigidity of senior U.S. officials led to the days of Hitler’s election as Chancellor, provided Hitler casting and the arts, and in the continuing pursuit of unnecessary deaths of tens of thousands of and his advisors with the opportunity and momentum quality education for all and at all levels. Americans and millions of Southeast Asians.” to outlaw his primary political opposition in the Com- The Foundation provided us the opportunity, the munist Party and arrest its leaders, impose a state of resources and the privilege to engage with these A STORY OF LONGING AND BELONGING emergency, curtail civil liberties and mobilize for war, activists. We can continue to engage now, with our The Teak Almirah by Jael Silliman, “a in short, to put an end to the German democratic state. time, our energy, our on-going commitment, our poignant novel about identity and belonging”, Prochnik sees parallels in the U.S. polity today, in outreach to colleagues everywhere who are feeling was published in December. particular the efforts to pre-empt what is true, and unbound, and with the financial contributions we The book “invokes the Calcutta of the warns that the historic lessons are not be to overlooked. ourselves can muster. We are, each of us, part of this past,” wrote a reviewer in The Telegraph of “The excruciating power of Zweig’s memoir,” he writes, center–I, for one, am not in exile in Brazil–and we Calcutta, “when it was a city of grace and “lies in the pain of looking back and seeing that there must each do our part to hold it steady and on course. charm, now lost, in great detail and a dash was a small window in which it was possible to act, Let us know what each of you is doing! Shep of nostalgia. Jael Silliman is a writer to make Calcutta and those who love the city proud.” The writer Naveen Kishore said the novel new book chronicles the efforts of three peo- Silliman was a program officer for the is “Poignant. Full of Empathy. And humour. ple who return to the city of their birth “on a Foundation in its Human Rights Unit from And love and longing. Quiet story-telling voyage of self-discovery” and in an effort to 2002 to 2009, concentrating on reproductive that gets under your skin.” “unravel their pasts”. rights. Since she left Ford she has worked Silliman has written both scholarly works The book, says Silliman, is “at once a story as a consultant for many NGOs on issues of and an earlier novel, The Man With Many of longing, belonging and the making of gender and social justice and has written ex- Hats, about the waning Jewish community of family. It also is a tribute to Calcutta—home tensively on social movements that deal with Calcutta, where she was born and raised. The to many diverse communities.” issues of gender, race and environment. n

The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 5 “SECOND-CLASS JUSTICE”: MANDATED ARBITRATION DENIES CHOICE

By Sanford M. Jaffe and Linda Stamato The authors are co-directors of the Center for Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, at Rutgers University (cncr.rutgers.edu). Jaffe worked at the Ford Foundation from 1968 to 1983 and was officer in charge of the Government and Law Project. Stamato was a consultant to Ford. This article is an edited version of one that appeared in the December 2016 issue of Alternatives, the official publication of the International Institute for Conflict Prevention & Resolution.

n the early days of the dispute resolution movement—the 1980s and 1990s—the Iconcern was often expressed that we were developing a system of “second-class justice” for those who couldn’t afford the courts. The wealthy, of course, would continue to have Wells Fargo Customers were blocked from suing the bank over fake accounts. access to the “first-class justice” that the pub- Photo: JeepersMedia, Creative Commons lic courts provided. That prediction was a bit off. A shift did occur but it wasn’t what many anticipated. resolution has become more formalized and moneyed interests and repeat players. People chose alternative processes—vari- institutionalized, it has spawned offspring Customers who tried to sue Wells Fargo ations on mediation and third-party deci- that undermine several of the field’s core over the fake accounts that were created in sion-making—and the dispute resolution field principles, not the least of which is choice their names, for example, were blocked from grew. But the well-heeled and large corporate which fairness requires. the courts and forced into arbitration. Wells interests, seeing advantages, seized and in- Hijacking a process to accomplish ends Fargo customers won’t be able to sue the bank vested heavily in it. Courts were no longer the that defy core principles certainly ought over fake accounts. The Pew Charitable Trusts venue for the justice they were seeking. to raise serious concerns in the profession reported in August…that the use of arbitration While corporations were willing, even ea- where, we believe, responsibility rests for ar- clauses has risen to 72 percent from 59 percent ger, to use mediation, arbitration and private ticulating and preserving the values and prin- at 29 big banks it studied. judging as processes for managing differenc- ciples that lie at the heart of the movement. Individual claims decided in secret, more- es, voluntarily, between them, they moved to over, rarely right wrongs that affect others. As restrict the choice of dispute resolution with- RESULTS IN THE SHADOWS Jenny Yang, chair of the U.S. Equal Employment in their businesses—that is, with custom- People don’t seem to know or care about Opportunity Commission, noted in an article a ers, clients, and employees—to mandatory mandatory arbitration until they find they year ago that was part of a controversial series arbitration and, its corollary, prohibition of have signed contracts that require them to on arbitration in The New York Times, the access to courts for class-action lawsuits. use it when they have a dispute with their process “allows ‘root causes’ to persist” and it The second-class justice taking shape cellphone provider, bank, nursing home, “keeps any discussion of discriminatory prac- now is arbitration with a twist. Allowing no credit card or car rental company, investment tices hidden from other workers ‘who might be choice—taking place in secret, with limited broker, medical professional, or the providers experiencing the same thing’.” rights to appeal and, often, with outcomes of a wide-range of consumer services, includ- The outcome of an age discrimination claim, protected by confidentiality—mandatory ing cable companies. for example, would have no impact on others arbitration has been having a field day. Private parties most often prefer having similarly situated—or on the community—if it It has grown exponentially in the past two their cases heard in court, but contractual is decided in arbitration. decades as the U.S. Supreme Court opened obligations can, and frequently do, leave con- The Times reported, “Even when plaintiffs the floodgates with decisions like AT&T sumers with no choice but to arbitrate. They prevail in arbitration, patterns of wrongdoing Mobility v. Concepcion. That case upheld the had to agree to that process in order to get at nursing homes are kept hidden from pro- enforceability of these clauses, and distorted hired or make a purchase or enter a surgical spective residents and their families.” the intentions of the Federal Arbitration Act facility or a nursing home. The Economic Policy Institute…reports of 1925. The effect was to significantly limit They are prohibited also from any effort to that, on average, employees and consumers rights to class action lawsuits. press their claims as a class even though those win less often and receive much lower dam- It’s a disturbing trend. claims may be too costly or time-consuming ages in arbitration than they do in court. Even And it requires the attention of the dispute to pursue individually. As a result, they have when plaintiffs prevail in arbitration, patterns resolution profession. As the field of dispute little bargaining power against significant, of wrongdoing are often not disclosed.

6 The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 The Times series found people forced to the opposite direction of where courts had Protection Bureau at risk, and raises questions arbitrate claims of medical malpractice, sex- been going after 2011, conflicts with earlier about the agency’s still pending arbitration-re- ual harassment, hate crimes, discrimination, Fifth Circuit decisions. At this writing, four lated and class-action waiver regulations. theft, fraud, elder abuse and wrongful death. cases from the Seventh, Ninth, Fifth and So if Congress and federal agencies don’t It concluded that we now have an alternative Second Circuits have been the subject of act, then states should fill the void. Contracts system, a privatizing of the justice system, petitions for certiorari to the U.S. Supreme that compel arbitration deny citizens their where “clauses buried in tens of millions of Court, asking the Court to decide the conflict right to a day in court. contracts have deprived Americans of one of between the nation’s labor laws’ provision their most fundamental constitutional rights: of access to collective action in courts, and PROFESSIONALISM, IN PRACTICE their day in court”. deference to the Federal Arbitration Act. The There is something else at stake: The integrity Coupled with bans on class actions—the petitions have been filed by plaintiffs in the of dispute resolution processes and the field legal means for citizens to collectively defend Second Circuit, employers in the Seventh and that advocates for them. their rights—these contract clauses are unfair, Ninth, and by the NLRB in the Fifth Circuit. Arbitration has its place in the justice sys- even unconscionable. Given that similar cases are pending in tem. That has existed for a long time. Even federal courts across the country, it’s likely George Washington had an arbitration clause PUSHING BACK that the subject of mandatory arbitration and in his will. It is a tested and valuable process, Since the Supreme Court expanded the scope prohibitions on class actions will come before usually generating quick, efficient resolution of the law, some state courts have been push- the U.S. Supreme Court once again. of disputes that need immediate resolution. ing back, as have several federal agencies. Finality is a virtue. In New Jersey, for example, courts have RESTORING CHOICE, PROTECTING In the field of labor relations, arbitration reached decisions that require a strict and RIGHTS established its usefulness as a necessary step narrow standard for the enforceability of As a matter of policy and law, it’s vital to rec- in handling grievances, particularly, after all mandatory arbitration clauses. Providing a ognize that reliance on arbitration can obscure negotiations and mediation had been tried and hopeful sign that greater judicial scrutiny public interests and have the perverse effect of the parties were willing to accept a final and may be forthcoming is a string of court cases eroding confidence in the U.S. legal system. binding solution by their arbitrator(s). that have found these clauses unenforceable Absent public scrutiny, the rigors of the In construction, where deadlines weigh when they conflict with public policy. adversary system—in full public view, with heavily on parties, a third-party arbitrator’s The 2010 Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform review and rights of appeal—the critical de- expertise can produce a decision all can live and Consumer Protection Act prohibits the velopment of the common law, and constitu- with. The key is that arbitration is a choice by use of mandatory arbitration clauses in mort- tional law, over time, could be impeded. parties—an informed, voluntary, choice—as to gages. And, after a lengthy study echoing or Public awareness is growing, given the what process will serve best and when it will presaging many of the concerns discussed front-page coverage involving celebrities and be used. Outcomes are acceptable when the about arbitration above, the Consumer Fi- the shocking stories occurring in institutional process is perceived as fitting and fair. nancial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has pro- settings…but a significant push is needed With mandatory arbitration, the process has posed rules that would prohibit these clauses. against the interests that are determined to been distorted, some say perverted. Stripping The CFPB’s jurisdiction includes checking keep mandatory arbitration the norm. away choice has damaged its acceptance. accounts, credit cards and other types of con- That push may be coming. The Federal The wholesale move to mandatory arbitra- sumer loans, and it targets those that preclude Communications Commission, for example, tion is a regrettable development in a field that consumers from joining in class-action cases. is closing in on communication companies prides itself on choice, on party determination, Those rules are being vigorously resisted. and their mandatory arbitration of consumer on procedural justice. “Forced arbitration” As are the rules issued in early October by issues. The clauses are in the sights of other may not have originated “in the field,” but it the Baltimore-based Centers for Medicare federal agencies as well. seems to have found a home there. and Medicaid Services, an agency in the U.S. New initiatives, moreover, are likely to Rarely seen are misgivings about mandatory Department of Health and Human Services, enhance, not weaken, the case for mandatory arbitration expressed by dispute resolution that prohibit requiring assent to mandatory arbitration, putting the brakes on what was a professionals. But we ought to be heard in the arbitration as a condition for admission to momentum to limit or narrow its use. Even hearings and rule-making processes, and in nursing homes. (The final rule was scheduled federal judges are looking at arbitration as an social and print media, to support the proper to go into effect late last month, but a Mis- erosion of their own powers, particularly in use of the processes we have worked to design, sissippi federal court issued an injunction matters that hurt consumers. develop, apply and evaluate. against CMMS….) It appears that the public wants access to We need to bring our scholarship and expe- Still, conflicting rulings by two U.S. Circuit the court system, including the right to join rience to the public forum, to defend the prin- Courts of Appeals underscore the roadblocks and pursue class action lawsuits. Consumers, ciples upon which this field is grounded, not ahead. The Seventh U.S. Circuit Court of employees and patients, among others, ought the least of which is choice. We need to return Appeals struck down an arbitration clause to have the freedom to choose how they pur- to the attitudes and beliefs with which the field that barred employees from joining as a class sue a dispute, rather than allowing their em- started decades ago, to fulfill the promises of to sue the employer, Epic Systems Corp., a ployers, banks, hospitals and various service the architects of the field. Verona, Wis., health care software provider, providers to limit their options. As mandatory arbitration gains increasing finding the clause to be in violation of the The election of Donald J. Trump as presi- scrutiny, we ought to be front and center advo- National Labor Relations Act, which gives dent and the Republicans’ retention of Con- cating for the right use of third-party processes workers the right to unionize and engage in gressional control reduce the likelihood of and arguing against their misuse. collective action. further arbitration regulation in Washington. We have an opportunity, we believe, that This decision, viewed as a major move in It puts the existence of the Consumer Financial should not go to waste. n

The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 7 A NIGHT AT THE THEATER

embers of LAFF’s New York chapter attended a perfor- Mmance in December of the acclaimed one-woman show by Anna Deavere Smith, “Notes From the Field”. Some 30 members, their friends and staff of the Ford Foundation were at the Second Stage Theater in for what one critic called a “wonderfully energizing” performance by the “American the- ater’s most dynamic and sophisticat- ed oral historian”. The play was described by Ben PHOTOGRAPHS BY MICHAEL SELTZER Brantley of The New York Times as LEFT: Deborah Bloom, upper left, worked at the Foundation in Program Services for 35 years a study of “the cursed intersection before retiring in 2014. In front are, left, Toby Volkman, a former program officer now with of two American institutions, the the Henry Luce Foundation, and Leni Siverstein, who worked in the Rio de Janeiro office school and the prison, in a racially and now is a consultant on reproductive issues. RIGHT: Natalia Kanem, in the white sweater, divided nation”. worked at the Foundation for 13 years in and New York and now is the Assistant He said, “Ms. Smith assumes the Secretary-General and Deputy Executive Director (Programme) of the United Nations Popu- identities of 19 individuals…to rumi- lation Fund. On her left is Elan Garonzik of Elma Philanthropies. nate and ramble on topics that have made devastating headlines in recent years, including the 2015 death of immediacy experienced by those who have play “audacious and mind-opening”. In it, it Freddie Gray at the hands of Baltimore police been among the war zones of the streets and said, “her probing intelligence and fair-mind- officers and the slaughter of African-American the schools.” edness retain a tangible presence, assembling churchgoers in Charleston, S.C., that same While her tone may be “less confrontation- the monologues like puzzle pieces to form a year….She creates a dialogue out of mono- al and more conciliatory” than earlier works larger picture”. logues among souls who, in real life, might about urban riots, “She wants to leave us with But while the picture she paints is “often never have occasion to speak to one another.” a spark of hope here….she also wants us to bleak”, said the reviewer, she also “suggests Throughout the two-act play, he wrote, “we leave angry, and restless, and aware that the the possibility of positive change through a find ourselves connecting the dots between conversation being conducted isn’t anywhere combination of compassion, resources and academic theories—from a psychiatrist, a near completion.” discipline. She holds her subjects in a tough judge, a mayor candidate—and the messy A review in Time Out New York called the but loving embrace.” n

LAFFing Parade government, the private sector and the me- university, and doing some teaching. It’s a dia on a wide range of public policy issues. robust role with lots of opportunity for cre- Raymond Offenheiser will leave his posi- “He has worked at the local, national and ativity and institution-building….” tion as chief executive officer and president global levels with some of the world’s most He’ll be joining the new school just as of Oxfam America to become the first pioneering individuals, organizations and its first group of students arrive on campus director of the recently established Notre policy initiatives. He has the respect of and to study in its Master of Global Affairs Dame Initiative for Global Development at access to presidents, prime ministers and program. As part of his work he’ll teach the University of Notre Dame. He’ll start his parliaments seeking to address complex graduate and undergraduate students and new job in September. problems with solutions that are cost-effec- serve on the Keough School’s Leadership The initiative that he’ll head is part of the tive, human-centered and scalable.” Council. new Donald R. Keough School of Global Said Offenheiser, “I had imagined tak- The new position also brings him back to Affairs, which was set up in 2014 to “pre- ing on some kind of a role in academia Notre Dame, from which he earned a bach- pare new generations of students for skilled, post-Oxfam and this post offers the oppor- elor’s degree in 1971. He also has a master’s effective and ethical global professional tunity to be a part of creating a new school degree in development sociology from Cor- leadership”. of global affairs….there is a lot of moral and nell University. His appointment is a “game-changer” for financial support behind the project.” Before joining Oxfam 20 years ago he the initiative, said the school’s director, Scott He will direct a team “building this worked for the Ford Foundation in its Appleby. “He brings to students, faculty and program, setting up offices and research Dhaka and Lima offices. Prior to that he partners more than 35 years of experience platforms overseas, leading a new business directed programs for the Inter-American working with major foundations, nonprofits, and global development program within the Continued on next page 8 The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 LAFFing Parade Foundation in Brazil and Colombia, and REFLECTIONS ON THE DEATH OF worked for the Save the Children Founda- tion in Mexico. AKBAR HASHEMI RAFSANJANI He has served on many advisory bod- ies, including as a member of the Obama administration’s Leadership Council of the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutri- Gary Sick was deputy director for Interna- defeated, even humiliated. His loss to Mah- tion in Africa. He was honorary president tional Affairs at the Foundation and served on moud Ahmadinejad in 2005 was a catastro- of Wetlands International and a co-found- the National Security Council under presidents phe. er of the ONE Campaign, the Modernizing Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Rea- Over the past eight or ten years, despite his Foreign Assistance Network and the Food gan. This article was written originally for his undeniable presence, he was unable to win Policy Action Network. blog, garysick.tumblr.com the election for Mir-Hussein Moussavi and He’s been a member of several boards, Mehdi Karrubi. He was not able to keep them including the World Economic Forum, the ased on my own observations over the out of house arrest. In fact, he was not able to Council on Foreign Relations, the Aspen years, here are a few comments that keep even his own children out of jail. Institute, the World Agricultural Forum, Bseem worth adding to the flood of The strategic voting of the 2013 election the Gates Foundation, Harvard Business commentary following the death in Janu- was clever and classic Rafsanjani tactics. But School, the Kennedy School of Govern- ary of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, a former I would argue that Rafsanjani has had very ment at , and Cornell president of Iran. First, Rafsanjani was truly little impact on policy, even after the election University. a pragmatist. He seemed to believe genu- of Hassan Rouhani. He favored the nuclear Kavita Ramdas is leaving the Ford inely that Iran’s revolutionary system would deal with the west, but the reason it was ad- Foundation, where she has been a senior survive only if it engaged with the outside opted was because Ali Khamenei supported adviser to its president, Darren Walker, to world. There was never any doubt about his it, regardless of his body language. Rafsanjani “assess where I can be of most service”. devotion to the system that he had done had become a back bencher – an important That includes, initially, working as a con- so much to shape. But he was willing to go commentator but not a policymaker. sultant to Planned Parenthood Global and beyond stale dogma in pursuit of rescuing a Contrary to some of my colleagues, my as an Advisor in Residence to Trickle Up, a system that he recognized was performing guess is that Rafsanjani’s departure will have Ford grantee working with poor communi- very badly. very little actual impact on ties and individuals in South Asia, Central He was a businessman, and the course of developments America and Africa. his solutions always seemed from here. If I were in Rou- Her year-long assignment at the New to involve deal making. His hani’s shoes, I would cer- York headquarters of the Foundation was attempt to bring in the United tainly be sorry to lose an ally to help “integrate our commitment to States and others involved mak- with such sterling revolution- justice and equality in all our policies and ing them an offer they could ary credentials. After all, the practices”. not refuse. Hence the Conoco centrists need all the friends Before that she was Ford’s representative offer, or the trade of hostages they can get. for three years in the office covering India, for President Bush’s “good will”. However, the outcome of Nepal and Sri Lanka, where she focused However, the U.S. always found the next election will depend on issues of equity, inclusion, economic it could refuse the offer when- on Rouhani’s ability to per- fairness, freedom of expression, human ever the time came to pay up. It suade Iranians that they are rights, sexuality and reproductive health was one of his great disappoint- better off with the nuclear and rights, transparency and accountable ments. agreement and that he is government, and sustainable development. Rafsanjani was the master at capable of defending Iran’s Before joining Ford she was the founder leading from behind. He seemed to be un- interests better than any alternative choice. and first executive director of the Program comfortable out in front, leading a fight or a Having Rafsanjani behind him would no on Social Entrepreneurship located at the principled crusade. Instead, he preferred to doubt have had its appeal, but Rouhani would Center on Democracy, Development and work behind the scenes, manipulating events. have been foolish to depend on Rafsanjani to the Rule of Law in the Freeman Spogli In- This gave his leadership an ambiguous qual- win that battle. stitute for International Studies at Stanford ity. One should always be cautious talking University. From 1996 to 2010 she was the People in the west tended to see him as a about legacies so close to the event. Rafsanja- president and chief executive officer of the reformer, and that seems to have been correct ni will without question be seen as one of the Global Fund for Women. at least in his later years. But he liked to let towering figures of the revolutionary era. His Ramdas earned her bachelor’s degree in others lead the charge while he stayed back place in history, however, will depend very politics and international relations from out of the limelight to push the levers. This much on the fate of the very system that he Mount Holyoke College and a master’s de- was not a lack of courage, in my view, but helped put in place but then came to criticize gree in public affairs with a focus on inter- rather an accurate appreciation of his own for its anemic performance, and especially national development from the Woodrow strengths and weaknesses. its self-destructive rivalries, corruption and Wilson School of Public and International As a consequence, he won the smaller bat- discord. Affairs.n tles but lost the war. When he finally came He wanted to cure those problems, and he out to do battle on his own he was repeatedly failed. RIP n The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 9 BRENT ASHABRANNER: 1921-2016 “INTERPRETING THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE”

rent Ashabranner, who once described GROWING UP IN OKLAHOMA…. Bomba the Jungle Boy,” he wrote, “I his “way through this world” as encom- “My friend was a Cheyenne boy whose name began writing a story which I called Bpassing three lives, including 10 years was Jimmy Red Fox. Some kids in school made ‘Barbara the Jungle Girl’...by page with the Ford Foundation in the Philippines fun of his name, but I thought it was great. We three I was hopelessly bogged down and Indonesia, died December 1 in Williams- played together during recess, and sometimes I in the plot, and ‘Barbara the Jungle burg, Va. He was 95. talked him into joining my dare base team. Jim- Girl’ was never finished.” “My first life,” he wrote in a self-published my was the fastest kid I ever saw, and we never But “the writing bug had some- autobiography, lasted thirty-five years and all lost when I could get him to play. Then one day how got in my blood and I really of it—except for three years in the U.S. Navy his desk was empty, and he never came back never stopped writing”. Success during World War II—was spent in Okla- to school. I don’t know why. I looked for him at came when he was 20 and pub- homa. I was born there, went to school and powwows and dances but never saw him again.” lished his first story and he never college there, became a husband, parent and stopped writing. teacher there. I was His first book,The Lion’s Whis- a happy, provincial kers, a collection of Ethiopian folk tales, was Midwesterner.” co-written when he worked in that country Mr. Ashabranner with a fellow aid worker, Russell Davis. He earned his bache- wrote several more books with Davis, and lor’s and master’s others through the years with his daughters, degrees in English Melissa and Jennifer. from Oklahoma State Six of his books have been chosen as No- University, which table Children’s Books by the American Li- then was Oklahoma brary Association, and the National Council A&M University, and for the Social Studies gave him its Carter G. taught English there Woodson Award for Non-Fiction three times until 1955. He also studied in later years at for books depicting ethnicity in the Unit- the University of Michigan, University ed States, and its Outstanding Merit Book and Oxford University. Award twice. In 1996, the National Council of “My second life spanned twenty-five years,” Teachers of English recommended his book he wrote, “during which I lived and worked in about the Great Plains Indians in exile, A many African and Asian countries: , Strange and Distant Shore. Libya, Nigeria, India, the Philippines and In- In 1990 he received the Washington Post donesia. Nine of those years were spent with Children’s Book Guild Award for career the , one of the best and most achievement. imaginative international programs our coun- His books have dealt with a wide range of try has ever had.” topics, all as an effort to illuminate American He began his work in international pro- life. He has written about Native Americans, grams in 1955, working on curriculum ect development for the World Population immigrants and monuments to historical development in Ethiopia. He then went to International Assistance division of Planned figures and events, all meant to help young Libya for the U.S. International Cooperation Parenthood. people understand the nature of American Administration as chief of the Education He went to Ford in 1972, first as deputy society. Materials Development division and then, in representative in the Philippines and then “I write mostly about rather complex issues 1960, was the education program officer in as deputy representative in Indonesia before and problems,” he once said. “Finding ways Nigeria for the U.S. Agency for International retiring in 1980. to make these subjects interesting and under- Development. His third life began when he moved to standable to young readers is a challenging It was not long after the Peace Corps was Williamsburg, Va., after leaving Ford and task I never tire of. I firmly believe that we established that he became its acting director “used this quiet and wonderfully rich cradle do our most important reading when we of the program in Nigeria, in 1961, moving of American democracy as a base for writing are young; to try to engage young minds on on to be the deputy director and then director and interpreting the American experience for worthwhile subjects is a great satisfaction.” in India, director of the Office of Training young readers.... I think my years of living in In his writing he had “one overriding in 1966 and the agency’s deputy director in other cultures around the world have helped hope...that the people I write about will 1967. me to be a better writer about my own coun- emerge as human beings whose lives are real He held several positions after leaving t r y.” and valuable and who have a right to strive the Peace Corps in 1969, including with the His love of writing was never quenched for decent lives”. Harvard University Center for Studies in Ed- during his international career, and began at Besides his daughters he is survived by his ucation and Development, as director of the a very young age, back in Oklahoma when he wife, Martha, with whom he had recently cel- Near East-South Asia Population Program of was 11. ebrated their 76th wedding anniversary; three the Pathfinder Fund, and as director of proj- “Under the spell of an exciting book called grandchildren, and one great-grandchild. n 10 The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 IN MEMORIAM

Mary Camper-Titsingh, a former secre- Leslie W. Dunbar, a civil-rights activist His influence was considered crucial to tary-treasurer of The LAFF society, died who worked for several decades to expand the creation and development of the Voter last July. She had been an officer of LAFF the voting franchise among Blacks in the Education Project (VEP), whose goal was from 1995 to 2008. South during what he termed a “time of to register Black voters in the South, as he She started work at the mind-changing”, died in January. He worked with Martin Luther King, Jr., of the Foundation in 1971 when was 95. Southern Christian Leadership Conference she was hired as an invest- Mr. Dunbar, born in West Vir- and Roy Wilkins, president of the National ment research librarian ginia, was an integral member of a Association for the Advancement of Col- and, two years later, was group of white activists who helped ored People. named Government Re- shepherd the civil rights movement The voting rights movement led to the search Coordinator in that emerged in the 1950s. Voting Rights Act of 1965, and Mr. Dun- the office of the treasurer. “They were all polite,” said Taylor bar was present at the law’s signing in the She was then a research Branch, a civil rights historian and White House. coordinator and social author of several books on the strug- “He oiled the gears to make the VEP responsibility analyst for gle, quoted in The New York Times, come together,” said T. Evan Faulkenbury, a investments until her re- “a little beleaguered and conscious of history professor at the State University of tirement in 1989. the limitations they were up against. New York College at Cortland. “He talked Ms. Camper-Titsingh was born in The “Les Dunbar was quiet, kind of like a non- to philanthropists up north and Robert F. Netherlands and escaped with her parents evangelical preacher. But his personality Kennedy’s Justice Department to create the at the outbreak of World War II, settling was suited to his mission.” tax conditions under which it could exist, in Santa Monica, Calif. She received a That mission included a three-year peri- to have tax-exempt money go to voter reg- master’s degree from Columbia University od of work beginning in 1981 at the Ford istration,” he told The Times. before going to work at Ford. Foundation as a senior project asso- Mr. Dunbar made signif- For more than 20 years she worked on ciate for social welfare policy during icant contributions to the “a labor of love”, research into the life of which he published a report, broad civil rights move- an ancestor in Europe that culminated in Minority Rights: What Has Hap- ment when he moved to 2010 in a historical novel, The Man Who pened to Blacks, Hispanics, American New York City to run the Kow-Towed, the story of an ancestor, Isaac Indians and Other Minorities in the Field Foundation in 1965 Titsingh, an eighteenth-century mer- Eighties. and, for 15 years, funded chant-scholar from Holland. Mr. Dunbar left a business and such organizations as the “How much can one know about the academic career to work in the civil Poor People’s Campaign, events and emotions during the private life rights movement. He had a master’s the Children’s Defense of an obscure, long-dead adventurous man degree and a Ph.D. from Cornell Fund, the Head Start pro- who lived during the eighteenth century?” University and taught at Emory Uni- gram in Mississippi and she asked in an author’s note. “Exploring versity before taking a job as head the Food Research and his life must occur through speculation, of community affairs at the Atomic Action Center. projection and inference. I have taken Energy Commission heavy water plant Vernon Jordan, a black civil rights leader much license in this story…. in Aiken, S.C. He was teaching at Mount who had worked with Mr. Dunbar at the “This work of fiction should not be tak- Holyoke College in when he SRC, told The Times, “In those days they en as an accurate biographical and histor- left in 1958 to join the staff of the Southern didn’t call white people civil-rights leaders. ical account….this story is homage to the Regional Council (SRC) in Atlanta. But Leslie Dunbar was a civil-rights leader. spirit and actions of a remarkable man and He saw the South and its legacy of racism He was one of us.” the extraordinary times in which he lived: clearly. ‘The Age of Enlightenment’.” “The region,” he said, “has been the place Matthew J. Cullen, Jr., an independent Among the comments on the book is where American error and excess go to consultant in planning and management one that describes it as a “rich, historical retire. The most enormous of all, Negro who worked for the Ford Foundation as account of the dawn of globalization…. enslavement and peonage, came here to live a program associate in the public affairs, Her novel draws considerably on information out its suffering.” international affairs and education offices, about the experiences of other eighteenth- Before he arrived at the SRC “it was a died in September in Blue Hill, Maine. century traders and the wide-ranging his- pretty cautious organization, not quick to He was 93. torical events and cultural changes during condemn segregation outright,” Jacque- Mr. Cullen, an honors graduate of Har- Titsingh’s lifetime (1745-1812).” line Dowd Hall, a history professor at the vard University with a law degree from It is “an inspired adventure for fans of University of North Carolina who worked George Washington University, had a long historical fiction”. at the SRC after he left, told The Times. “I and varied career in academia, politics and think Les really connected it to the grass- philanthropy. roots civil-rights movement as it gained He was staff assistant to the Budget momentum.” Continued on page 12 The LAFF Society / Winter 2017 11 The LAFF Society c/o Nellie Toma PO Box 701107 East Elmhurst, NY 11370

In Memoriam WE COULD USE YOUR IDEAS Continued from page 11 FINANCIAL REPORT 2016 The newsletter is always looking for Director in the Truman administration; ideas and articles from members, any- BALANCE ON 12/31/15 $11,268.91 legislative assistant to Sen. Henry Jackson, thing that helps illuminate the Founda- Democrat of Washington; active in the tion’s work and the experiences of our INCOME presidential campaigns of Adlai Stevenson; Dues, donations, interest $6,250.47 deputy floor manager of the 1960 Demo- members. cratic convention; and chosen by President There is a good array of examples in EXPENSES Kennedy to be his deputy director for each issue, from news accounts to opin- Newsletters $3,676.72 what would have been the president’s 1964 ion pieces. We like to hear what members Website $1,000.00 re-election campaign. are doing: new positions, new ventures, Secretarial services (Dorothy Nixon) 160.00 He also had been Vice Chancellor of the what they are writing and saying. PO Box, supplies, postage 484.16 State University of New York and, on loan Reflections and recollections are espe- Paypal fees 86.62 from Ford in 1960, Director of Scientific cially of interest, for they tell the general and Technical Manpower at the Organiza- story of the Foundation and the particu- TOTAL EXPENSES $5,407.50 lar stories of individuals who contributed tion for Economic Cooperation, in Paris. Income/Expenses $843.97 In the 1980s he became president of the to the Foundation’s history and have Hartford Graduate Center, a branch of been making history of their own. BALANCE ON 12/31/16 $12,112.88 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute offering The lead story in this issue describes instruction in engineering, science and the work of the Rockefeller Archive Cen- management, and while its head established ter in collecting and preserving materials SAVE THE DATE one of the country’s first programs designed that include contributions from our The New York chapter has scheduled its to improve the management of non-profit members. The newsletter is an oppor- spring meeting for May 25. No details organizations. tunity to share some of that material in are available yet on the subject or on He is survived by three sons and a daugh- these pages. guest speakers, but details will be posted ter. His wife, Julie, and a second daughter Ideas and articles can be sent to John on LAFF’s web site as they become pre-deceased him. n LaHoud at [email protected] available (laffsociety.org).