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DP Ranking Èínských VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA EKONOMICKÁ V PRAZE FAKULTA MEZINÁRODNÍCH VZTAHŮ DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE 2013 Ivona Kořínková VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA EKONOMICKÁ V PRAZE Fakulta mezinárodních vztahů Hlavní specializace: Mezinárodní obchod Ranking čínských univerzit Diplomová práce Vypracovala: Ivona Kořínková Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. Ing. Stanislav Šaroch, Ph.D. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci na téma „Ranking čínských univerzit“ vypracovala samostatně. Veškerou použitou literaturu a podkladové materiály uvádím v přiloženém seznamu literatury. V Praze dne 27. dubna 2013. ………………….. Podpis ABSTRAKT Tato práce se zabývá rankingem čínských univerzit. Nejprve analyzuje již existující žebříčky vysokoškolských institucí v Číně, z nichž určuje dva za dostatečně propracované s podloženými metodikami. Jedná se o rankingy univerzit sestavované Asociací absolventů čínských univerzit a internetovým portálem Netbig.com. Poté je sestaven vlastní ranking, který více zohledňuje potřeby českých studentů ucházejících se o studium na čínských univerzitách. Hlavní cíl práce spočívá v sestavení nového žebříčku čínských univerzit, který by mohl zvýšit rozhodovací komfort českých uchazečů o studium při výběru vhodné čínské vysoké školy. Přestože hledisko naplnění účelu žebříčku bylo při jeho tvorbě akcentováno, kvůli omezenému přístupu ke zdrojovým datům se do nově vzniklého žebříčku nepodařilo zakomponovat všechna kritéria srovnání univerzit, která by mohla významně přispět ke zvýšení rozhodovacího komfortu českých studentů. Nově vzniklý žebříček zohledňuje hodnocení aktivit univerzit ve třech oblastech – ve výuce, vědě a výzkumu a mezinárodním zapojení. Nicméně ranking z velké části kopíruje své dva čínské konkurenty, když využívá jejich dílčích výsledků. Jako všechny vícekriteriální žebříčky, i nově vzniklý ranking využívá k sestavení celkového pořadí institucí vážený průměr výsledků dosažených v jednotlivých kritériích. Aby se minimalizovala arbitrárnost přidělení vah kritériím, byla využita Saatyho metoda stanovení vah. Avšak ani ta nedokáže zcela odstranit určitou míru subjektivnosti ze způsobu přidělení vah. Proto je součástí práce i elektronická verze žebříčku v programu MS Excel, kde si mohou uživatelé nastavit váhy jednotlivých kritérií žebříčku tak, aby vyhovoval jejich konkrétním potřebám. To spolu se správnou interpretací výsledků může vést ke zvýšení jejich rozhodovacího komfortu při výběru vhodné čínské univerzity. Klíčová slova: Čína, čínské vysoké školství, ranking, terciární vzdělávání, univerzity, vysoká škola, žebříček univerzit. i ABSTRACT The thesis disserts upon a ranking of Chinese universities. Firstly, it analyses the existing rankings and league tables of the Chinese universities. Two of them are regarded as adequately subtle and with well-founded methodology – the ranking of Chinese Universities Alumni Association and ranking of the website Netbig.com. Secondly, a new ranking of Chinese universities is designed to reflect the needs of Czech students who are considering to undertake tertiary education in China. The main objective of the work consists in creation of such a ranking of Chinese universities that would enhance the decision-making comfort of choosing a suitable university in China for the Czech applicants. Although meeting the purpose of the ranking was accented all the time, due to limited access to source data, not all the criteria which would boost the decision-making comfort could be included. Newly created ranking evaluates activities of the universities in three areas – education, research and science and international engagement. Nevertheless the created ranking replicates in great part its two Chinese predecessors as it builds on their results. Like other multicriterial rankings, the newly formed one uses weighted average of the scores gained by each university in each criterion to determine a single rank of the institutions. To minimize the arbitrariness of allocation of the weights, Saaty Method has been applied. However this could not fully erase certain degree of subjectivity in the weight allocation. Therefore the work includes an electronic version of the ranking (in MS Excel) which enables the users to set the weights in such a way, that it complies with their specific needs. This along with correct interpretation of results of the ranking may lead to increasing their decision-making comfort when choosing the suitable Chinese university to study. Key Words: China, Chinese Tertiary Education, Ranking, Tertiary Education, University, University Ranking. ii Poděkování: Ráda bych zde poděkovala vedoucímu mé diplomové práce, panu docentu Stanislavu Šarochovi za jeho podnětné a inspirativní rady, odborné vedení a jeho ochotu a vstřícnost. Dále bych chtěla poděkovat své rodině za jejich nekonečnou podporu a trpělivost. iii OBSAH Obsah ......................................................................................................................................... iv Seznam tabulek .......................................................................................................................... vi Seznam obrázků ........................................................................................................................ vii Seznam zkratek ........................................................................................................................ viii Úvod ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Teoretická část ............................................................................................................................ 3 1. Specifika čínského vysokého školství .......................................................................... 4 1.1 Vývoj čínského vysokoškolského systému ........................................................... 4 1.2 Subjekty vstupující do vysokého školství ............................................................. 6 1.3 Role vlády ............................................................................................................. 7 1.3.1 Vybrané vládní programy na podporu rozvoje terciárního vzdělávání .......... 8 1.3.2 Národní vysokoškolské přijímací zkoušky .................................................... 9 2. Rankingy .................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Jednokriteriální rankingy ..................................................................................... 11 2.2 Vícekriteriální rankingy ...................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Vícekriteriální rozhodování ......................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Klasifikace kritérií ........................................................................................ 16 2.2.3 Metody stanovení vah kritérií ...................................................................... 17 2.3 Žebříčky čínských univerzit ................................................................................ 20 2.3.1 Ranking čínských univerzit Netbig .............................................................. 21 2.3.2 Ranking univerzit Asociace absolventů čínských univerzit ......................... 26 2.3.3 Srovnání žebříčku Netbig a Asociace absolventů čínských univerzit ......... 28 3. Závěr teoretické části.................................................................................................. 34 Analytická část ......................................................................................................................... 35 4. Vlastní žebříček čínských univerzit ........................................................................... 36 4.1 Vlastní metodika ................................................................................................. 36 4.1.1 Formulace rozhodovacích kritérií pro zájemce o studium ........................... 36 4.1.2 Stanovení vah ukazatelů ............................................................................... 41 4.1.3 Agregace dat ................................................................................................. 44 4.1.4 Závěrečné shrnutí použité metodiky ............................................................ 49 5. Výsledky žebříčku ...................................................................................................... 51 5.1 Dvacet pět nejlépe umístěných čínských univerzit ............................................. 51 5.2 Výsledky nového žebříčku v kontextu rankingů Netbig a Asociace absolventů čínských univerzit ............................................................................................... 55 iv 6. Jak správně interpretovat rankingy ............................................................................. 58 6.1 Interpretace výsledků nově vzniklého žebříčku .................................................. 58 6.1.1 Věda a výzkum ............................................................................................. 60 6.1.2 Akademické zdroje ....................................................................................... 61 6.1.3 Akademické úspěchy ................................................................................... 61 6.1.4 Studentské zdroje ......................................................................................... 62 6.1.5 Akademický sbor ......................................................................................... 62 6.1.6
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