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Guide to the Myriapoda (Millipedes & Centipedes Only) in the Collection Of 8 . cr /-mi - GUIDE TO 'M Y RIA POD A' \ DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY fgL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE Wan Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries »*■" ' • . s LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE PRESENTED BY Dept. of Zoology Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE LIBRARY Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Si®g ' ' Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries No. 8. Guide to the Myriapoda (Millipedes & Centipedes only) in the collection of the Department of Zoology University of Singapore by Professor Yu-Hsi Moltze Wang Nanyang University 1966 Circulated privately by Department of Zoology University of Singapore Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 10. REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries -L* Glass Dlplopoda - Millipedes Body slender, Cylindrical or at least not usually noticeably depressed or flattened. Legs always more numerous than the dorsal segments, most of the apparent somites bearing each two pairs of legs, but the first three or four and the last one or two with only a single pair. Some last segments may be apodous in immature form. Antennae short, usually seven jointed. Seventh legs of the male usually modified into copulatory feet. Somites often with paired repugnatorial glands, opening laterally from the fifth somite. Key to orders, families, genera and species of Diplopoda: la. Sternite divided into two pa""ts, male without modified legs on the seventh segment, but -,._th two pairs of modified capulatory feet at the posterior end of body. Body of twelve or thirteen somites, with 17 to 21 pairs of legs (not including two pairs of modified ones in the male); body capable of being rolled up into a ball as to hidden the head and legs: Order Glomerida 2 lb. Sternites not divided; male with one or two pairs of modified legs (Copulatory feet or Gonopodes) on the seventh body segment 3 2a. 12 somites including head; seventeen pairs of legs not including the modified ones; Ocelli in single row or wanting Family Glomeridae (Genera Glomeris and Apiomeris found in Malaya but not in this collection). 2b. 13 somites including head; 21 pairs of legs not including the Gonopodes; Ocelli numerous in several rows: Familiy Sphaerotheridae (1) Body large, colour marbled: Sphaeropoes evansi Sinclair (one specimen 40 mm in Length, d", with ^ one odes) (2) Body small, colour uniform: (one specimen gonopodes destroyed) .■5ph.ae.yppp.es_ sp. 3a. First pair of legs of the seventh somite of the male modified into Gonopodes, often the second pair of this somite also and the adjacent pairs of the sixth and eight segments similarly modified; mouth parts with three pairs of palpal lobes: Subclass El^g"atha : 6 3b. First pair of legs of the seventh somite of the male normal, not modified to form Gonopodes, Mouth parts without palpal organs: Subclass Colobognatha .... Order Polyzonida .........4 4a. Sternites always and pleurites often free connected by mem¬ branes with the adjacent parts 5 4b. Tergites, pleurites and sternites completely coalsced; body cylindrical: Family Siphoiulidae, Genus Siphoniulus found in Malaya but not in this collection. 5a. One or several ocelli at each side of the head, body not constricted on the base of each somite; repugnatorial pores opening on the lateral lobes of the tergites; tergites divided by a median suture; head completely concealed by the first tergites: Family Siphonocryptidae, Genus Siphonocryptus found in Malaya but not in this collection. Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries . s s y iPSHi? HsslssiSl Ipfassiia ^cSM Il3t':;■■ -., - /- . ^ §11" v * x ^ r . ^ -w „£ : ~ ® - IpP® -V;, . ®c ^ v- . - - ~ --- . ' " ~ " l - A -- -'* -s - , " ~Y - - - * -■§?*■" ^ 7 /: v " > .it ^. - ,- ^ -- V ^ ^ ~ ~ r- , - V :« -—jr. --v.,- - — , - -- V, - ^v-.^£.. \ Al-'Z IPt •" - ~ - ~ ^ - " - - - ' • "\ ^ - ' " - -—;-J ■ ■>:i im\: i f-rfe% : - ;- CC® ® \ - >* - ~ _, ** - v ^ : -> /_ v*i *-" t3 " ^Sfe ~^8H « :SS^=B*3¥«v-„ .,.;v -.->■^ ,:!i'i'v.w.:1 .y.-.-. ,, / -:-ry ::;. ^ _ . _ - . - . ..... :.^. , . ->: . r.. :-. * \-"_' #1 ... ...... , „_. .^-Sti, .~ :Jk -if...... N ■■ >• V;- ':.!' .t':, ^.-.•- . vto .-. '.:. mm s - ^ --- -- V - m : ' '- -' , :. 51 Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries - 2 - 5b. Ocelli absent; body constricted at the base of each somite; repugnatorial pores opening on keels or tubercles: Family Siphonophoridae: Genera Siphonophora and Siphonorhinus found in Malaya but none in this collection. 6a. Nineteen to 22 body segments (usually 20) only the first pair of legs on the seventh somite of the male modified into gonopods; body cylindrical or flattened with lateral expansions (Paranota). Order Polydesmida 14 6b. More than 40 body segments; both pairs of legs of seventh somite of the male modified into Gonopods; body cylindrical..7 7a. Promentum present or absent; Mentun, surrounded at the sides by the stipites which extend backwards and lie in contact with the prebasilare (Fig.l) : Order Spirostreptida 8 7b. Promentum absent, mentum large, triangular extending between the prebasilare and stipites which it separates widely (Fig.2) last joint of legs of male generally padded but not the fourth or fifth joints: Order Spirobolida 12 8a. Mentum broadly triangular; its anterior angle lying far behind the front margin of the stipites: SuborderSpirostreptoidea.il 8b. Mentum elongate triangular, its anterior angle extending far forward, dividing the Gnathochi larium completely to its anterior margin; first pair of legs of male modified: suborder Cambaloidea ........ j. ......................... 9 9a. Promentum present, separated, separated from the Mentum.. 10 9b. Promentum not separated from the mentum; repugnatorial pores present on the fifth somite posterior portion of the tergites with stout longitudinal, carubae ir tubercles, behind gonopods present: Family Cambalopsidae (Trachyliulidae), Genera Cambalopsis, Cambalomornha and Trachyiulus found in Indomalay region but none in this collection. 10a. Promentum divided into two halves by a longitudinal suture; repugnatorial absent on the fifth somite, hind gonopods three jointed; front ones are jointed, without bristles: Family Percambalidae , Genus Pericambala found in Indo Malay region but none in this collection. 10b. Promentum not divided by a iongitudinal suture: Family Cambalidae Genus Cambala: C. cava Pocock, found in Botanical Garden, Singapore 57 - 70 segments, but not in this collection. 11a. End of the Gonopod flattened; (Fig.3) last somite without any spinose projection: Family Spirostreptidae, Genus Spirostreptus tSnake Millipedes) 24a lib. End of the Gonopod pointed (Fig.4), Anal segment almost with tail-like projection: Family Harpagophoridae, Genus Thyropygus (Snake Millipedes) .24b Genus Rhynchoproctus (Snake Millipedes) not found in this collection. 12a. Hind gonopods connected to each other at base by the sternite and membranes. Pores of repugnatorial glands usually opening on the anterior portion (prozonites) of the tergites: Super family Trigoniulidue 13 Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries ~3. - Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries FiCpS(qpodsone +Newportr,eo5rpiuviila+uss■Spj qLini Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries -s- Thyro p»y£jus harpisont Wane] Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries - 6 - 12b. Hind gonopods not united at base, sternite completely absent; pores of repugnatorial glands almost always opening on Metazonites (posterior portion of the tergites) Super family Spirobolidae ..................................1^- 13a. Coxae of hind gonopods completely chitinized, front gonopods short and broad: Family Pachybolidae, Genera Trachelomegalus and Eucentrobolus found in Malaya but none in this collection. 13b. Coxae of hind gonopods consist of two rod-shaped thickenings meeting at a right angle with a membranous portion between them: Family Trigoniulidae Genus Trigoniulus. Trigoniulus takakunwai Verhoeff found in this collection, word-millipede, brick red in colouration, 50 or more somites. Genus Mystalides found in Malaya but not in this collection. ika. Coxae of the gonopods rather widely separated but connected by broad, Medially coalsced process; the median part raised and keel-shaped: Suborder Polydesmoidea ....................15 l^t-b. Coxae of the gonopods close together, free or more or less connected but not by broad medially keel-like raised process: Suborder strongylosomatidea, Family strongylosomatidae......19 15a. Second tergites enlarged, posterior portion (metagonites) of tergites smooth or granulate often densely clothed with setae: Family Oniscodesmidae, Genus Doratodesmus found in Malaya but not in this collection. 15b. Second tergites not enlarged. .16 l6a. Head not or incompletely covered by the 1st tergite, which is generally small not lengthened or enlarged .................17 lob. Head completely or almost completely hidden by the first
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