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Stephen Elliotts 1 WE ARE INTERESTED IN ONE OUT OF FOUR STEPHEN ELLIOTTS PROF. STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1771 November 11: Stephen Elliott was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, the 3d son of William Elliott, a merchant. The father would die while Stephen was a boy and it appears that an older brother took charge of his education. 1787 December: Stephen Elliott was sent to New Haven, Connecticut to be tutored by Judge Simeon Baldwin. 1788 February: Stephen Elliott matriculated at Yale College. 1. First we will proceed from 1771 to 1933 in regard to the Southern botanist Professor Stephen Elliott whose textbook Thoreau consulted — because this is the Stephen Elliott in whom we are interested, the one who went from being a legislator to being a slave plantation manager to being a banker to being a botanist and college professor and the author of this textbook of botany that Thoreau consulted. Then, however, we will start all over again at the year 1806, and proceed with the lives of three other Stephen Elliotts of note, the 1st a decorated ship captain in His Majesty’s Navy not known to be a relative of the American family, the 2d the botanist Stephen Elliott’s son who became the head of the Episcopal Church in the Confederate States during the Civil War, and the 3d that Episcopal bishop’s son, a decorated General in the army of the Confederacy and a hero of the defence of Charleston harbor. That is to say, the three American Elliotts we are considering here happen to have been father, son, and grandson, and it is only in the case of the father that there is a direct link to Thoreau. BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1791 Stephen Elliott received his BA from Yale College, as the class valedictorian. At the graduation ceremony he orated on “The Supposed Degeneracy of Animated Nature in America.” He would return to South Carolina and become a plantation master (I don’t seem to be able to find out the name of his plantation, how many slaves his plantation utilized, or what his cash crop was). 1793 Stephen Elliott was elected to the South Carolina legislature (other sources date this at 1796; he would serve this time until about 1800). 1796 Stephen Elliott got married with Esther Habersham. The couple would produce a large family (I don’t know that the Stephen Elliott, Jr. who would become an Episcopal bishop in the Southland was one of these children, for all I have been able to find out is that this Jr. was born in this locale in 1806). 2 Copyright 2010 Austin Meredith BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1800 Stephen Elliott left the South Carolina legislature to devote himself to the family plantation, and to the study of natural history. 1806 August 31: Stephen Elliott, Jr. was born in Beaufort, South Carolina.2 1808 Stephen Elliott was re-elected to the legislature of South Carolina, where he would be active in establishment of a state bank. 2. This Stephen Elliott, Jr. born in Beaufort, South Carolina was not the Stephen Elliott of South Carolina whose botany textbook Henry Thoreau would consult, but his son. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 3 BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1812 A “Bank of the State of South Carolina” was created and Stephen Elliott, who had been active in sponsoring this new establishment, left the state legislature to become that new institution’s president. He removed his family to Charleston, South Carolina, where he would serve as the bank’s president until his death in 1830 (he would also preside over the Charleston Library Society, while teaching botany and natural history at the Medical College of South Carolina). 1814 Stephen Elliott had been active in the founding of the Literary and Philosophical Society of South Carolina, and in this year became its president (he would serve until his death in 1830). 1816 The initial installment of Stephen Elliott’s publication in botany. Other installments would follow, seven in all, until 1824. 1819 Yale College awarded to Stephen Elliott an honorary degree of Doctor of Law. 4 Copyright 2010 Austin Meredith BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1820 Stephen Elliott was elected president of South Carolina College (the institution is now the University of South Carolina). 1821 The initial volume of Stephen Elliott’s A SKETCH OF THE BOTANY OF SOUTH-CAROLINA AND GEORGIA (Charleston SC: J.R. Schenck). ELLIOTT’S BOTANY, I 1822 Harvard College awarded to Stephen Elliott the honorary degree of Doctor of Law. 1824 The other volume of Stephen Elliott’s A SKETCH OF THE BOTANY OF SOUTH-CAROLINA AND GEORGIA (Charleston: J.R. Schenck). ELLIOTT’S BOTANY, I ELLIOTT’S BOTANY, II The botanist had been an early and active campaigner for the establishment of a Medical College of South Carolina, and at this point was able to become its professor of natural history and botany (this would continue until his death in 1830). “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 5 BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1825 Columbia University awarded to the botanist Stephen Elliott the honorary degree of Doctor of Law. Stephen Elliott, Jr., son of the above botanist, graduated from South Carolina College, at which he had been president of the Clariosophic Society. 1828 Stephen Elliott and Hugh Swinton Legaré founded the Southern Review. 6 Copyright 2010 Austin Meredith BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1830 March 28: Stephen Elliott died of “apoplexy” (that would be most likely a stroke) in Charleston, South Carolina. His grave in St. Paul’s churchyard there would initially be unmarked. His herbarium is now at the Charleston Museum. He is remembered “in a genus of plants of the Heath family ... established by Dr. Muhlenberg,” presumably Ericaceae Elliottia racemosa. The Reverend Charles Grandison Finney and his wife Lydia had their 2d child in New-York, naming him Charles Beman Finney after their friend Nathan Beman. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 7 BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1847 The Elliott College building on the University of South Carolina campus was named in honor of Professor Stephen Elliott. 1853 The Elliott Society of Charleston, South Carolina was founded. 8 Copyright 2010 Austin Meredith BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT 1854 A specimen of Elliottia racemosa Muhlenberg ex Elliott, or “Georgia plume,” named in honor of the botanist Stephen Elliott but feared to have been lost because it can be propagated by cuttings but not by seed, was recovered near Hamburg, South Carolina. 1857 March 13. Thermometer this morning, about 7 A.M., 2°, and the same yesterday. This month has been windy and cold, a succession of snows one or two inches deep, soon going off, the spring birds all driven off. It is in strong contrast with the last month. Captain E.P. Dorr of Buffalo tells me that there is a rise and fall dai1y of the lakes about two or three inches, not accounted for. A difference between the lakes and sea, is that when there is no wind the former are quite smooth, no swell. Otherwise he thought that no one could tell whether he was on the lakes or the ocean. Described the diver’s descending one hundred and sixty-eight feet to a sunken steamer and getting up the safe after she had been sunk three years. Described the breeding of the capelin at Labrador, a small fish about as big as a sardine. They crowd along the shore in such numbers that he had seen a cartload crowded quite on to the shore high and dry by those in the rear. Elliott, the botanist, says (page 184) that the Lechea vil1osa (major of Michaux), “if kept from running to seed, would probably form a very neat edging for the beds of a flower garden; the foliage of the radical branches is very handsome during the winter, and the size of the plant is well suited to such a purpose.” Rhus Toxicondendron (page 303): “The juice which exudes on plucking the leaf-stalks from the stem of the R. radicans is a good indelible dye for marking linen or cotton.” Of the Drosera rotundifolia (page 375), “This fluid never appears to fall from the hairs, but is secreted nearly “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 9 BACK WHAT? ACTIVE TRACK INDEX STEPHEN ELLIOTT STEPHEN ELLIOTT in proportion to its evaporation, and the secretion is supposed to be greatest in dry clear weather;” hence called sundew. Howitt, in his “Boy’s Adventures in Australia,” says, “People here thought they had discovered large numbers of the graves of the blacks, lying lengthways, as amongst the whites, but these have turned out to be a natural phenomenon, and called Dead Men’s Graves.” The natives generally bury — when they do not burn — in a sitting posture. Is the country cold enough to allow these mounds to have been made by the ice? ELLIOTT’S BOTANY, I ELLIOTT’S BOTANY, II 1901 Frank Lamson-Scribner wrote the following about Stephen Elliott’s A SKETCH OF THE BOTANY OF SOUTH- CAROLINA AND GEORGIA: Not until one has prepared a book where almost every line contains a statement of fact learned from original observation can he fully appreciate the amount of patience and labor involved in the preparation of such a work as the Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia...today it remains indispensable to the working systematic botanists of our country.
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