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Celebrate, Acknowledge and Remember: Reconciling and Transcending the History of Christ Church A Six-Week Lenten Study Wednesdays – Starting February 24 6:30 – 7:30 PM Christ Church Catechesis for Adults Led by Historians Julie Groce and Dr. Matt HarPer Week 2 Presentation Notes Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author EPiscoPal Catechism – The Book of Common Prayer What is the mission of the church? The mission of the church is to restore all people to unity with God and each other in Christ. BaPtismal Covenant – The Book of Common Prayer We live out our faith through our Baptismal Covenant: by seeking and serving Christ in all persons, by loving our neighbor as ourselves; by striving for justice and peace among all people, and by respecting the dignity of every human being. The Vision of Beloved Community Where all people are honored and protected and nurtured as beloved children of God, where we weep at one another’s pain and seek one another’s lourishing. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author Quotations to Guide Our Study “I don’t write about the past. I write about other people’s present. You can’t understand them if you don’t understand how they perceived reality, and you don’t understand that unless you understand the culture. What did they read? What poetry moved them? What music did they listen to? What did they eat? What were they afraid of? What was it like to travel from one place to another? You scratch the supposedly dead past anywhere, and what you ind is life.” Historian David McCullough The probability is overwhelming that if we had belonged to the generations we deplore, we too would have behaved deplorably. The probability is overwhelming that we belong to a generation that will be found by its successors to have behaved deplorably. Wendell Berry Poet, Writer, Activist, Academic Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author Rev. Seneca Bragg became rector of Christ Church on January 1, 1833. He was a graduate of Middlebury College in Vermont and obtained his theology degree from Virginia Theological Seminary. Bragg never married and suffered poor health in his later years. During his tenure, Christ Church erected its irst worship building, established the Ladies Aid Society, and began collecting weekly benevolent offerings. Bragg also began a Sunday School for colored children. He retired from Christ Church in 1846 and died at the age of 68 in January 1861. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author The Town of Macon, 1825 The property originally granted to Christ Church for its use by the GA Legislature was Block 41, Lot 5. By 1833, the church sold that property and purchased Block 19, Lot 6 on which to erect the first structure. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author Christ Church’s \irst building, erected in 1833 in the form of a Roman Cross and oPened for worshiP in 1834. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author According to Rev. Bragg’s 1834 Annual Diocesan report, Christ Church counted 20 families as communicants, many more regular attendees, and “several young men [who]have also taken pews in the Church.” An average of 25 scholars attended weekly Sunday School. Most of the pews in the new church building were rented by parishioners, and one pew was set aside for visitors. A gallery was located at the rear of the church as a location for enslaved persons and free persons of color to sit during worship. In 1835, Bragg’s report acknowledged the generosity of individuals who ”caused the church ediice to be surrounded by a substantial enclosure and furnished it with a beautiful chandelier and a sweet toned organ.” This organ was reportedly the irst organ in the City of Macon. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author By the mid 1830s, several religious newspapers distributed by various denominations advocated for religious instruction of enslaved Negroes: the Christian Index for the Baptist Church; the Charleston Observer for the Presbyterian Church; the Southern Christian Advocate by the Methodist Church; and both the Gospel Messenger and the Southern Churchman for the Protestant Episcopal Church. For Episcopalians, this instruction clearly fell on the side of maintaining the paternalism that encouraged the continuation of enslavement and preserved the South’s cotton economy. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author Rather than emphasizing The Book of Common Prayer as a whole, southern ecclesiastical leaders of the Protestant Episcopal Church narrowed their scope of emphasis for liturgical readings when addressing enslaved persons. In 1835, Rt. Rev. Nathaniel Bowen, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina, published a series of religious lessons in A Pastoral Letter on the Religious Instruction of the Slaves. The lessons included numerous scriptures “relating especially to servants.” These verses transformed Southern slaveholders into “agents of God’s plan of salvation” and stressed that obedient slaves were entitled to receive a heavenly reward. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author Let each of you remain in the condition in which you were called. Were you a slave when called? Do not be concerned about it. Even if you can gain your freedom, make use of your present condition now more than ever. For whoever was called in the Lord as a slave is a freed person belonging to the Lord, just as whoever was free when called is a slave of Christ. 1 Corinthians 7: 20-22 Let all who are under the yoke of slavery regard their masters as worthy of all honor, so that the name of God and the teaching may not be blasphemed. Those who have believing masters must not be disrespectful to them on the ground that they are members of the church; rather, they must serve them all the more, since those who beneit by their service are believers and beloved. 1 Timothy 6: 1-2 Tell slaves to be submissive to their masters and to give satisfaction in every respect; they are not to talk back, not to pilfer, but to show complete and perfect Eidelity, so that in everything they may be an ornament to the doctrine of God our Savior. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce Titus 2: 9-10 without permission of author Slaves, obey your earthly masters with fear and trembling, in singleness of heart, as you obey Christ; not only while being watched, and in order to please them, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart. Render service with enthusiasm, as to the Lord and not to men and women, knowing that whatever good we do, we will receive the same again from the Lord, whether we are slaves or free. Ephesians 6: 5-8 Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author Slaves, obey your earthly masters with fear and trembling, in singleness of heart, as you obey Christ; not only while being watched, and in order to please them, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart. Render service with enthusiasm, as to the Lord and not to men and women, knowing that whatever good we do, we will receive the same again from the Lord, whether we are slaves or free. Ephesians 6: 5-8 White EPiscoPal churchmen omitted the next verse, however: And, masters, do the same to them. Stop threatening them, for you know that both of you have the same Master in heaven, and with him there is no partiality. Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce Ephesians 6: 9 without permission of author In 1837, Bishop Bowen and three other clergymen published A Catechism to be Used by the Teachers in the Religious Instruction of Persons of Colour. Through the lessons in this publication, churchmen intended to cultivate a shared identity of servanthood between Jesus Christ and enslaved persons in the South. The authors hoped to imply that slavery itself functioned as a Christian institution. As an example, Lesson V helped to reinforce social hierarchy in a religious context: Have all people the same things in this world? No; some people have much gold and riches and some are very poor; because it is the will of God that it should be so. 1 Samuel 2:7 Ought poor people to complain and be angry because they are poor? No; they should be contented with what God gives; diligent in their work, and submissive to those whom has placed above them. Proverbs 28:6 Julie Groce, 2021. Do not reproduce without permission of author In addition to Bowen’s publications in South Carolina, other southern bishops addressed the religious education of enslaved persons. Bishop Meade of Virginia published Sermons, Dialogues and Narratives for Servants, to be Read to Them in Families, and Bishop Ives of North Carolina wrote a catechism to be used by slaveholders to teach Negroes in their charge. What Episcopal leaders did not do, however, was advocate for teaching negroes to read and write as part of the religious instruction. State codes across the South uniformly prohibited teaching enslaved person to read and write because such skills were thought to encourage thoughts of freedom. The editor of the Episcopalian Southern Churchman took no issue in following this prohibition: “ All the knowledge which is necessary to salvation, all the knowledge of our duty toward God, and our duty toward our neighbor, may be communicated by oral instructions, and therefore a law of the land interdicting other means of instruction does not trench upon the law of God.” Julie Groce, 2021.
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