DOCSLIB.ORG

Wonder Is All Around

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wonder Is All Around WONDER IS ALL AROUND BACKGROUNDERS THE HOTTEST BEACHES IN EUROPE EUROPE’S BEACHES ARE RATED AMONGST THE WORLD’S BEST FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS: THEIR STUNNING SCENERY, THEIR UNIQUE NATURE AND THEIR LIVELY ENTERTAINMENT OFFERINGS. HERE IS A SELECTION OF SOME OF THE MOST UNIQUE SPOTS EUROPE’S COASTLINE HAS TO OFFER. D Sinemorets © Shutterstock BULGARIA, SINEMORETS, BURGAS THE BLACK PEARL Visiting this Black Sea village, close to Bulgaria’s border with Turkey, comes with some nice surprises. In this hidden nook you will find two beautiful beaches, one of them formed next to a natural estuary where the Veleka River meets the sea amidst the fauna of the Strandzha National Park. The area offers plenty of wildlife-spotting opportunities for curious travellers. D http://goo.gl/maps/hrakO DENMARK, SØNDERHO, FANØ AN IDYLLIC ISLAND Come and discover Denmark’s best-kept secret. Fanø Island is an ideal place to relax. Picture the setting: migrating birds swirling overhead and a coastline dotted with quaint maritime villages. Fanø’s beach is incredibly wide at low tide and you can walk several kilometers towards the North Sea. The beach is ideal for discovering amber, or for adventuring as you can even drive your car on certain sections of these vast sands. D http://goo.gl/maps/OdS0W FRANCE, SANTA GIULIA, CORSICA D Sønderho PARADISE IN A NUTSHELL © VisitDenmark/Wedigo Ferchland This is paradise in a nutshell. The blinding white sand and turquoise water make Santa Giulia glimmer like a jewel in the sunshine. Sur- rounded by pine trees, the beach is a hive of activity with windsurfing, canoeing, horseback riding and quad bikes, all available for when it becomes too hot to continue basking in the sun. D http://goo.gl/maps/nr6Ls ITALY, RABBIT BEACH, SICILY THE TURTLE NEST Rabbit Beach is as unusual as its name suggests. Situated on the Island of Lampedusa, off the coast of Southern Sicily, this unique spot is a treasure chest of wildlife. It is most noted for being one of the few places in the Mediterranean where loggerhead turtles go to lay their eggs. Only reachable by boat, the journey makes the beach itself an even more satisfying destination. D http://goo.gl/maps/bVwRo LITHUANIA, CURONIAN SPIT ATLANTIS OF THE BALTICS Get in touch with your wild side! A manic mixture of giant sand dunes and windswept forest characterises this long stretch of sand. Myths surround these massive dunes, including the belief that villages are buried beneath the daunting dunes. D http://goo.gl/maps/5boEY MALTA, RAMLA BAY, GOZO FIT FOR A KING A beach fit for a king! A short ferry ride from the main island of Malta is Gozo, with Ramla Bay tucked away in a fertile valley. Upon vis- D Sopot Beach © Polish Tourism Organisation iting Ramla Bay, you will be struck by its long-stretch of brilliant red sands. Close by is Calypso’s Cave, a spot identified with Odysseus, the legendary Greek king. D http://goo.gl/maps/p7H9Q POLAND, SOPOT BEACH A SAUCY SPOT The atmosphere of the 30s combined with the hottest new trends make Sopot a scorching destination. Sopot is one of three cities that make up Poland’s coastal triangle. The beach itself has a Central European feel, with beer gardens and music clubs located straight on the sand and on the wooden pier. At night the promenade continues to be a hive of activity, making it a fantastic destination for more noc- turnal travellers! D http://goo.gl/maps/11Ndc PORTUGAL, FALESIA BEACH, ALGARVE RUBY ROCKS Prepare to be impressed by Falésia, one of the Algarve’s most stun- ning beaches, with its long stretch of white sand running alongside the dramatic backdrop of red cliffs. The beach is a quiet haven amongst all the crowded beaches in the region, but offering enough leisure facili- ties to ensure a comfortable day. Make sure you eat a delicious lunch at one of the restaurants alongside this unforgettable landscape. D http://goo.gl/maps/nwlU1 D Rhossili Bay © Shutterstock SPAIN, EL CABANYAL, VALENCIA URBAN ESCAPE The hustle and bustle of city life extends to El Cabanyal, Valencia’s city beach. The promenade is lined with restaurants serving delicious steaming pans of the local pride, fresh seafood paella, whilst locals enjoy a cold glass of beer in one of the many cafes as they soak up the rays. Is there a better way to go native? D http://goo.gl/maps/gUBKa UNITED KINGDOM, RHOSSILI BAY, WALES TRANQUIL CLIMBS An unspoilt beach is a rare find in the modern age, but Rhossili is exactly that with its pure sands and stunning sunsets. This is a beach to be enjoyed slowly, if you don’t arrive with a peaceful mind you will definitely leave with one! Visitors should also be sure to explore the gorgeous green pastures beyond. D http://goo.gl/maps/dDYtp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Properties for Sale in Sinemorets, Bulgaria, Close to the Beach –Two Bedroom Furnished Apartment in Stela Maris Complex
    WWW.PROPERTIES-CONTACTS.COM 1 Properties for sale in Sinemorets, Bulgaria, close to the beach –two bedroom furnished apartment in Stela Maris complex Цена 62500.00 EUR Ref. #: 5223 Price for square meter: EUR Deal type: For sale Категория: Two-bedroom apartments City: Sinemorets Stage: Act 16 Description We offer for sale a spacious two bedroom apartment, located in the "Stela Maris" complex in Sinemorets, Bulgaria, only 100 m from the Butamjata beach and the center. The apartment is located on the second floor is an apartment of 93 sq. m. It cosists of a spacious corridor, two separate bedrooms, a bathroom with a toilet, a living room with separate kitchen with dining area, a large balcony with summer furniture. The beach property in Sinemorets is in very good condition. It is offerred for sale with furniture and equipment. The apartment is located in Stella Maris complex, located 100 meters from Butamyata beach and close to the center of the small Bulgarian coastal town of Sinemorets. Sinemorets is located 90 km to the south of Burgas, and 5 kms away from Ahtopol. The area around Sinemorets is one of the most beautiful places in Bulgaria. https://www.properties-contact.ru/en/estate/view/5519 WWW.PROPERTIES-CONTACTS.COM 2 There are located some of the most beautiful, picturesque and cleanest virgin beaches on the Bulgarian Black sea coast - the North Beach, Butamyata Beach, Lipite beach, Silstar beach. Sinemorets is the perfect place for sea and nature lovers, for tourists and for those, looking for peaceful and relaxed permanent living, close to the beautiful nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Design
    STRUCTURAL DESIGN Third Generation . AEC Ltd. Builders . Edison 50 Str. Sofia, Bulgaria 1111 . www.aec.bg . www.alashki.com 1936 . [email protected] www.aec.bg . [email protected] . +359 2 87 00 897 . +359 888 58 61 57 Third Generation ABOUT US Builders Company 1936 . AEC Ltd. www.aec.bg . Edison 50 Str. Sofia, Bulgaria 1111 CEO . Dr. Ilia Alashki AvH PhD SE WWW . www.aec.bg . www.alashki.com E-mail . [email protected] . [email protected] Phone . +359 2 87 00 897 . +359 888 58 61 57 Activities . Reinforced concrete, steel and wood structures . Precast, post-tensioned and prestressed concrete structures . Deep excavation shoring, retain walls, piles, soil nailing, IBO anchors . Underground cut-and-cover and top-down constructions . Combined piled-raft foundation for high-rise buildings and towers . Seismic, wind and geotechnical nonlinear and time-history analysis . Active isolation and damping structures . Gravity, deep, monopile and offshore foundation for wind turbine farms . Structures for solar energy parks Third Generation SHOPPING CENTERS Builders 1936 www.aec.bg Third Generation SHOPPING CENTERS Builders 1936 www.aec.bg Third Generation SHOPPING CENTERS Builders 1936 www.aec.bg Third Generation DEEP EXCAVATIONS Builders 1. 23M DEEP EXCAVATION, MALL STARA ZAGORA 2. 21M DEEP EXCAVATION, BULGARIA MALL, SOFIA 1936 3. 15M DEEP EXCAVATON, PARADISE CENTER SOFIA www.aec.bg 4. 14M DEEP EXCAVATON (TENDER), MALL PLOVDIV 5. 14M DEEP EXCAVATION, EUROPA CENTER , SOFIA 6. 12M DEEP EXCAVATION, EUROPEAN PARLAMENT, SOFIA 7. 12M DEEP EXCAVATON, GRAND MALL VARNA 8. 12M DEEP EXCAVATON, MALL OF VARNA Third Generation DEEP EXCAVATIONS Builders 1. 23M DEEP EXCAVATION, MALL STARA ZAGORA 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Obtaining World Heritage Status and the Impacts of Listing Aa, Bart J.M
    University of Groningen Preserving the heritage of humanity? Obtaining world heritage status and the impacts of listing Aa, Bart J.M. van der IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2005 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Aa, B. J. M. V. D. (2005). Preserving the heritage of humanity? Obtaining world heritage status and the impacts of listing. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 23-09-2021 Appendix 4 World heritage site nominations Listed site in May 2004 (year of rejection, year of listing, possible year of extension of the site) Rejected site and not listed until May 2004 (first year of rejection) Afghanistan Península Valdés (1999) Jam,
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 UNEP-WCMC Global List of Transboundary Protected Areas Lysenko I., Besançon C., Savy C
    2007 UNEP-WCMC Global List of Transboundary Protected Areas Lysenko I., Besançon C., Savy C. No TBPA Name Country Protected Areas Sitecode Category PA Size, km 2 TBPA Area, km 2 Ellesmere/Greenland 1 Canada Quttinirpaaq 300093 II 38148.00 Transboundary Complex Greenland Hochstetter Forland 67910 RAMSAR 1848.20 Kilen 67911 RAMSAR 512.80 North-East Greenland 2065 MAB-BR 972000.00 North-East Greenland 650 II 972000.00 1,008,470.17 2 Canada Ivvavik 100672 II 10170.00 Old Crow Flats 101594 IV 7697.47 Vuntut 100673 II 4400.00 United States Arctic 2904 IV 72843.42 Arctic 35361 Ia 32374.98 Yukon Flats 10543 IV 34925.13 146,824.27 Alaska-Yukon-British Columbia 3 Canada Atlin 4178 II 2326.95 Borderlands Atlin 65094 II 384.45 Chilkoot Trail Nhp 167269 Unset 122.65 Kluane 612 II 22015.00 Kluane Wildlife 18707 VI 6450.00 Kluane/Wrangell-St Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek 12200 WHC 31595.00 Tatshenshini-Alsek 67406 Ib 9470.26 United States Admiralty Island 21243 Ib 3803.76 Chilkat 68395 II 24.46 Chilkat Bald Eagle 68396 II 198.38 Glacier Bay 1010 II 13045.50 Glacier Bay 22485 V 233.85 Glacier Bay 35382 Ib 10784.27 Glacier Bay-Admiralty Island Biosphere Reserve 11591 MAB-BR 15150.15 Kluane/Wrangell-St Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek 2018 WHC 66796.48 Kootznoowoo 101220 Ib 3868.24 Malaspina Glacier 21555 III 3878.40 Mendenhall River 306286 Unset 14.57 Misty Fiords 21247 Ib 8675.10 Misty Fjords 13041 IV 4622.75 Point Bridge 68394 II 11.64 Russell Fiord 21249 Ib 1411.15 Stikine-LeConte 21252 Ib 1816.75 Tetlin 2956 IV 2833.07 Tongass 13038 VI 67404.09 Global List of Transboundary Protected Areas ©2007 UNEP-WCMC 1 of 78 No TBPA Name Country Protected Areas Sitecode Category PA Size, km 2 TBPA Area, km 2 Tracy Arm-Fords Terror 21254 Ib 2643.43 Wrangell-St Elias 1005 II 33820.14 Wrangell-St Elias 35387 Ib 36740.24 Wrangell-St.
    [Show full text]
  • Komandorsky Zapovednik: Strengthening Community Reserve Relations on the Commander Islands
    No. 36 Summer 2004 Special issue: Russia’s Marine Protected Areas PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN RUSSIA AND THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EURASIA CONTENTS CONTENTS Voice from the Wild (A letter from the editors)......................................1 Komandorsky Zapovednik: Strengthening Community Reserve Relations on the Commander Islands......................................24 AN INTRODUCTION TO MARINE Lazovsky Zapovednik: PROTECTED AREAS Working to Create a Marine Buffer Zone...................................................28 MPAs: An Important Tool in Marine Conservation......…………………...2 Kurshskaya Kosa National Park: Tides of Change: Tracing the Development Preserving World Heritage on the Baltic Sea ..........................................30 of Marine Protected Areas in Russia .................................................................4 Dalnevostochny Morskoi Zapovednik: How Effective Are Our MPAs? Looking for Answers An Important Role to Play.........................................................................................6 with Russia’s First Marine Protected Area..................................................32 The Challenges that Lie Ahead.....................………………………………………………8 Russia’s Marine Biosphere Reserves......………………………………………………10 MPA Workshop Offers Opportunities for Dialogue..........................13 THE FUTURE Plans for the Future: Developing a Network of Marine Protected Areas .....................................................……....………………...35 CASE STUDIES An Introduction .............................................................................……....………………...14
    [Show full text]
  • To View Online Click Here
    YOUR O.A.T. ADVENTURE TRAVEL PLANNING GUIDE® The Baltic Capitals & St. Petersburg 2022 Small Groups: 8-16 travelers—guaranteed! (average of 13) Overseas Adventure Travel ® The Leader in Personalized Small Group Adventures on the Road Less Traveled 1 Dear Traveler, At last, the world is opening up again for curious travel lovers like you and me. And the O.A.T. Enhanced! The Baltic Capitals & St. Petersburg itinerary you’ve expressed interest in will be a wonderful way to resume the discoveries that bring us so much joy. You might soon be enjoying standout moments like these: What I love about the little town of Harmi, Estonia, is that it has a lot of heart. Its residents came together to save their local school, and now it’s a thriving hub for community events. Harmi is a new partner of our Grand Circle Foundation, and you’ll live a Day in the Life here, visiting the school and a family farm, and sharing a farm-to-table lunch with our hosts. I love the outdoors and I love art, so my walk in the woods with O.A.T. Trip Experience Leader Inese turned into something extraordinary when she led me along the path called the “Witches Hill” in Lithuania. It’s populated by 80 wooden sculptures of witches, faeries, and spirits that derive from old pagan beliefs. You’ll go there, too (and I bet you’ll be as surprised as I was to learn how prevalent those pagan practices still are.) I was also surprised—and saddened—to learn how terribly the Baltic people were persecuted during the Soviet era.
    [Show full text]
  • Philatelic Market in Russia
    Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Marka” Publishing and Trading Center Philatelic Market in Russia June 2016 Philatelic Products Offered by FSUE PTC “Marka” Artistic postage stamps, Catalogs of state signs of souvenir sheets, miniature postal payment sheets First day covers with “Philately” magazine, cancellation Appendix to the magazine Presentation packs with stamps, booklets Artistic stamped envelopes, postcards and envelopes with commemorative stamps and Foreign postage stamps cancellation; maximum cards State Signs of Postal Payment Sales of State Signs of Postal Payment comprises 82% of total revenue. State signs of postal payment are postage stamps and other insignia used to mark mail in order to pay for postal communication services rendered by communication offices according to the existing rates. Signs of postal payment of the Russian Federation must adhere to the UPU Charter and decisions made by the UPU bodies. Standard Stamps Artistic (Commemorative) Stamps and Souvenir Sheets with Letters (“А”, “D”) Envelopes with an Original Stamp State Signs of Reply Domestic Mail Postal Payment Postcards with Letter (“B”) with an Original Stamp Franking Reply Domestic Mail Interaction Pattern The existing system of manufacturing and distribution of state signs of postal payment has been developed for several centuries - development, manufacturing and distribution are separated, which allows to attain high quality of signs of postal payment produced and to eliminate a possibility of abuse. 1 3 FSUE PTC “Marka” FSUE “Russian Post” 2 Delivery of Domestic and Planning, Issuance and Dispatch of International Mails Distribution of State Signs of Marked with State Signs of Postal Postal Payment Payment Export and Import 1. Receipt of order from FSUE “Russian Post” 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interview with Dimitar Popov
    „Many politicians in Bulgaria still act upon the maxim: The more concrete tourist blocks, the better!“ Interview with Dimitar Popov of Green Balkans about the difficult nature conservation work in Bulgaria. Dimitar Popov has studied economics in Plovdiv. Since 7 years, he works for Green Balkans, one of the largest nature conservation organisations on the Balkans with over 4.000 members. Within the scope of the project “NatuRegio – trai- nees for nature”, which is co-financed by EuroNatur, this year he has spent several weeks in two different German nature conservation institutions: in spring, in the stork village of Rühstädt in the biosphere reservation embedded in the fluvial landscape of the river Elbe in Brandenburg, and in summer, five weeks in the main office of EuroNatur in Radolfzell. There, they talked about his work, the situation of nature conservation in Bulgaria and his experience in Germany. Photo: Gunther Willinger EuroNatur: How does Green Balkans work? its success, we were then granted a GEF project for conservation of biodiversity, restoration of habitat and the development of Dimitar Popov: Green Balkans works for nature conservation in sustainable tourism in this region, financed by the World Bank. Bulgaria on many different levels. Supported by many volun- Unfortunately, in our efforts to implement this project we are teers, we organise direct protective measures of species such wasting much energy in struggling with local politicians who as the Eastern Imperial Eagle, vultures, storks or terns. Our would rather build more giant tourist blocks. However, in the full-time staff has been significantly involved in elaborating meantime the area has obtained Natura 2000 and Ramsar the Natura 2000 area list in the run-up to the EU-accession, status, which makes it somewhat easier for us.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 FIFA WORLD CUP RUSSIA'n' WATERWAYS
    - The 2018 FIFA World Cup will be the 21st FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It is scheduled to take place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018,[2] 2018 FIFA WORLD CUP RUSSIA’n’WATERWAYS after the country was awarded the hosting rights on 2 December 2010. This will be the rst World Cup held in Europe since 2006; all but one of the stadium venues are in European Russia, west of the Ural Mountains to keep travel time manageable. - The nal tournament will involve 32 national teams, which include 31 teams determined through qualifying competitions and Routes from the Five Seas 14 June - 15 July 2018 the automatically quali ed host team. A total of 64 matches will be played in 12 venues located in 11 cities. The nal will take place on 15 July in Moscow at the Luzhniki Stadium. - The general visa policy of Russia will not apply to the World Cup participants and fans, who will be able to visit Russia without a visa right before and during the competition regardless of their citizenship [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup]. IDWWS SECTION: Rybinsk – Moscow (433 km) Barents Sea WATERWAYS: Volga River, Rybinskoye, Ughlichskoye, Ivan’kovskoye Reservoirs, Moscow Electronic Navigation Charts for Russian Inland Waterways (RIWW) Canal, Ikshinskoye, Pestovskoye, Klyaz’minskoye Reservoirs, Moskva River 600 MOSCOW Luzhniki Arena Stadium (81.000), Spartak Arena Stadium (45.000) White Sea Finland Belomorsk [White Sea] Belomorsk – Petrozavodsk (402 km) Historic towns: Rybinsk, Ughlich, Kimry, Dubna, Dmitrov Baltic Sea Lock 13,2 White Sea – Baltic Canal, Onega Lake Small rivers: Medveditsa, Dubna, Yukhot’, Nerl’, Kimrka, 3 Helsinki 8 4,0 Shosha, Mologa, Sutka 400 402 Arkhangel’sk Towns: Seghezha, Medvezh’yegorsk, Povenets Lock 12,2 Vyborg Lakes: Vygozero, Segozero, Volozero (>60.000 lakes) 4 19 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 1 2 3 6 7 10 14 15 4,0 MOSCOW, Group stage 1/8 1/4 1/2 3 1 Estonia Petrozavodsk IDWWS SECTION: [Baltic Sea] St.
    [Show full text]
  • Pskov from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Coordinates: 57°49′N 28°20′E
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Pskov From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 57°49′N 28°20′E Pskov (Russian: Псков; IPA: [pskof] ( listen), ancient Russian spelling "Плѣсковъ", Pleskov) is Navigation Pskov (English) a city and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located about 20 kilometers Псков (Russian) Main page (12 mi) east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: 203,279 (2010 [1] Contents Census);[3] 202,780 (2002 Census);[5] 203,789 (1989 Census).[6] - City - Featured content Current events Contents Random article 1 History Donate to Wikipedia 1.1 Early history 1.2 Pskov Republic 1.3 Modern history Interaction 2 Administrative and municipal status Help 3 Landmarks and sights About Wikipedia 4 Climate Community portal 5 Economy Recent changes 6 Notable people Krom (or Kremlin) in Pskov Contact Wikipedia 7 International relations 7.1 Twin towns and sister cities Toolbox 8 References 8.1 Notes What links here 8.2 Sources Related changes 9 External links Upload file Special pages History [edit] Location of Pskov Oblast in Russia Permanent link Page information Data item Early history [edit] Cite this page The name of the city, originally spelled "Pleskov", may be loosely translated as "[the town] of purling waters". Its earliest mention comes in 903, which records that Igor of Kiev married a [citation needed] Print/export local lady, St. Olga. Pskovians sometimes take this year as the city's foundation date, and in 2003 a great jubilee took place to celebrate Pskov's 1,100th anniversary. Create a book Pskov The first prince of Pskov was Vladimir the Great's younger son Sudislav.
    [Show full text]
  • Woody and Grassy Vegetation Development in Different Landscape Elements of the Curonian Spit
    [Type text] Aplinkos tyrimai, inžinerija ir vadyba, 2009. Nr. 4(50), P. 30 - 36 ISSN 1392-1649 Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 2009. No. 4(50), P. 30 - 36 Woody and Grassy Vegetation Development in Different Landscape Elements of the Curonian Spit Algimantas M. Olšauskas Klaipeda University (received in July, 2009, accepted in December, 2009) The species of woody and grassy vegetation grow on the seashore sands and wastes. These plants are adapted for less favorable existence conditions, some of them growing in littoral habitats of excessive moisture and salinity, the others tolerate infertile and dry sand. The aim of this study has been to analyze the dispersion of vegetation in different relief elements of the coastal protective dunes, to search for relation between woody and grassy plant species, and to foresee the tendencies of further seashore landscape development. It has been established that in the locations of an intensive flow of visitors a net of trodden paths is formed where the plants cover is disappearing very fast as there are suitable conditions for the spring and autumn winds to erode the coastal protective dune of the seashore of the Curonian spit. In a couple of years a trodden path turns into sand drifting corridors of 2 – 3 m. wide, and the trodden and lain places by holiday makers extend to 4 – 5 m. wide pits and hollows. After interconnection of these formations they shape different size deflations. The drifting sand carried by the prevailing western direction winds swamp the plains beyond coastal dunes and the outskirts of the forest and sandy meadows.
    [Show full text]
  • TCS Tree Based on L-Fragment
    TCS tree based on L-fragment Kosti village 11 nt changes 12LPN1 (IP 1) 4 nt changes TUR/18/2010 BUL/1/2010 35 nt changes (Gümüşhane) (wild boar) 09/07/2010 30/12/2010 12LPN3 (IP 4) 14 nt changes Rezovo village putative common ancestor of the Bulgarian viruses All nucleotide substitutions are unique Neighbor-joining tree based on Leader+P1 TUR36/2010 TUR18/2010 BUL 12LPN3 (Rezovo) 979 BUL 12LPN4 (Rezovo) 1000 BUL 12LPN1 (Kosti) 767 BUL 12LPN2 (Kosti) BUL/12010 (wild boar) 0.001 Conclusions • The FMD outbreaks in Kosti and Rezovo villages are unlikely to be directly linked. • Both have a common ancestor close to the virus from wild boar. • The long branches between the putative common ancestor and each of the two outbreaks examined (IP1 and IP4) suggest possible intermediate hosts (either wildlife or domesticated animals). FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 Every think started from …. FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartitt Group Meeting,Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 One shot wild boar FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 One shot wild boar FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 Not FMD in wild boar FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 What tests we used? Аg FMDV LFD FMFV Ag ELISA WRL FMDV Svanova One- step rRT-PCR (Reid, S. et all, 2002,) (Callahan et all., 2002) FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting,
    [Show full text]