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1 Modelación Energética De Un Sistema De Bombeo Solar

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1 Modelación Energética De Un Sistema De Bombeo Solar MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 1 MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICO PARA ZONAS RURALES DAIRO MIGUEL RUIZ LOGREIRA UNIVERSIDAD DE LA COSTA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA BARRANQUILLA 2021 MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 2 MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICO PARA ZONAS RURALES DAIRO MIGUEL RUIZ LOGREIRA Proyecto de grado presentado como requisito para optar al título de Ingeniero Eléctrico Tutor del proyecto: ING. JOHN WILLIAN GRIMALDO GUERRERO Ms.C. Cotutor: ING. JORGE IVAN SILVA ORTEGA Ms.C. UNIVERSIDAD DE LA COSTA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA BARRANQUILLA 2021 MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 3 MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 4 Nota de aceptación _________________ _________________ _________________ Presidente del jurado _________________ Jurado 1 _________________ Jurado 2 _________________ MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 5 Dedicatoria Dedicado a Dios, a mis padres, a mis abuelos; especialmente a mi recién fallecido abuelo Abel Ruiz Berdugo, a mis familiares en general y a mis amigos, que siempre han creído en mí y me han apoyado en los momentos más difíciles a lo largo del camino de este anhelo de ser Ingeniero Eléctrico. Dairo Miguel Ruiz Logreira. MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 6 Agradecimientos Agradezco principalmente a Dios por ser mi guía y coach y a la virgen María, que me han ayudado a salir ganador en cada momento decisivo durante este camino de llegar a ser Ingeniero Eléctrico. A mis tutores John William Grimaldo y Jorge Iván Silva Ortega por la dirección durante el desarrollo de este trabajo, por brindarme de su conocimiento y experiencia para alcanzar esta meta dando su apoyo y ayuda para lograr hacer realidad este proyecto de grado. A todas las personas en general que me dieron su apoyo y colaboración para este trabajo de grado. Dairo Miguel Ruiz Logreira. MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 7 Resumen En el presente trabajo de investigación se desarrollará la modelación energética de un sistema de bombeo fotovoltaico para zonas rurales, tomando como caso de estudio el corregimiento de Aguada de Pablo, Atlántico. En el documento se encontrará el diseño, dimensionamiento y selección de componentes del sistema de bombeo y el sistema solar fotovoltaico, así como la estrategia de control, operación y mantenimiento de estos y la evaluación de costo-beneficio del proyecto. Se realizaron simulaciones en el software HOMER Energy con la finalidad de evaluar el rendimiento técnico-económico, así como el correcto funcionamiento del sistema, de modo que se pueda validar de forma efectiva su viabilidad y aplicabilidad. Palabras clave: Bombeo, Energía, Generación, Solar, Control, Operación, Mantenimiento, Evaluación, Modelación, Energética, NPC, LCOE. MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 8 Abstract In this research work, the energy modelling of a photovoltaic pumping system for rural areas is developed, taking as a case study the village of Aguada de Pablo, Atlántico. In the document you will find the design, sizing and selection of components of the pump system and the solar photovoltaic system, as well as the strategy of control, operation and maintenance of these and the cost-benefit evaluation of the project. Simulations were carried out in the HOMER Energy software in order to evaluate the technical-economic performance, such as the correct one of the system, so that it can effectively validate its purpose and applicability. Keywords: Pump, Energy, Production, Solar, Control, Operation, Maintenance, Evaluation, Modelling, Energetic, NPC, LCOE. MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 9 Contenido Dedicatoria ......................................................................................................................... 5 Agradecimientos ................................................................................................................. 6 Resumen ............................................................................................................................. 7 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 8 Contenido ........................................................................................................................... 9 Lista de tablas y figuras .................................................................................................... 13 Introducción...................................................................................................................... 16 Capítulo 1. Aspectos generales del proyecto .................................................................... 20 1.1 Planteamiento del problema ................................................................................... 20 1.2 Objetivos ................................................................................................................. 21 1.2.1 Objetivo general. .............................................................................................. 21 1.2.2 Objetivos específicos. ...................................................................................... 21 1.3 Justificación ............................................................................................................ 21 1.4 Alcance y limitaciones ............................................................................................ 22 Capítulo 2. Estado del arte ............................................................................................... 23 Capítulo 3. Marco teórico ................................................................................................. 37 3.1 APV ........................................................................................................................ 37 3.2 Sistemas de bombeo PV ......................................................................................... 43 3.3 Procedimiento detallado para el dimensionamiento de una bomba de agua .......... 47 3.3.1 Requerimiento hídrico. ..................................................................................... 47 MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 10 3.3.2 Descripción general del sistema de bombeo. ................................................... 48 3.3.3 Presión hidrostática. ......................................................................................... 50 3.3.4 Determinación del tipo de flujo. ...................................................................... 50 3.3.5 Cabeza neta de la bomba. ................................................................................. 51 3.3.6 Potencia de la bomba ....................................................................................... 52 3.3.7 Potencia de la bomba. ...................................................................................... 52 3.4 Procedimiento detallado para el dimensionamiento del sistema fotovoltaico ........ 52 3.4.1 Caracterización de la locación. ........................................................................ 53 3.4.2 Cálculo de la posición del sol. ......................................................................... 53 3.4.3 Condiciones de instalación de los módulos fotovoltaicos. .............................. 55 3.4.4 Recurso solar disponible y otras variables meteorológicas. ............................ 55 3.4.5 Requerimiento de corriente. ............................................................................. 56 3.4.6 Dimensionamiento del banco de baterías. ........................................................ 57 3.4.7 Dimensionamiento del generador fotovoltaico. ............................................... 58 3.4.8 Resistencia mínima de la estructura de soporte. .............................................. 61 3.4.9 Distancia entre módulos solares en superficie horizontal. ............................... 61 3.4.10 Distancia entre un cuerpo proyector de sombra y los módulos solares en superficie horizontal. ........................................................................................................ 61 3.4.11 Cálculo de la sección y/o calibre de los conductores eléctricos.. .................. 62 3.4.12 Cálculo de protecciones eléctricas. ................................................................ 65 3.4.13 Producción de energía anual del sistema fotovoltaico. .................................. 67 MODELACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE UN SISTEMA DE BOMBEO PV 11 3.5 Procedimiento detallado para el dimensionamiento del sistema del puesta a tierra (SPT) .................................................................................................................................... 68 3.5.1 Malla del sistema de puesta a tierra. ................................................................ 68 3.5.2 Apantallamiento contra descargas atmosféricas. ............................................. 75 3.6 Aspectos de la modelación y/o evaluación energética para sistemas de bombeo: economía y energía............................................................................................................... 79 3.6.1 Flujo de caja. .................................................................................................... 79 3.6.2 NPC. ................................................................................................................. 79 3.6.3 LCOE. .............................................................................................................
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