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UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 80 Date 12/06/2006 Time 2:11:33PM

S-0882-0003-02-00001

Expanded Number S-0882-0003-02-00001

Items-in-USSR - Khrushchev

Date Created 13/08/1962

Record Type Archival Item

Container S-0882-0003: Correspondence Files of the Secretary-General: : with Heads of State, Governments, Permanent Representatives and Observers to the United Nations

Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit UNITED NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information United Nations, N.Y. (For use of information media -- not an official record)

Press Release SG/1289 15 August 1962

ACTING SECRETARY-GENERAL U THMT EXPRESSES CONGRATULATIONS ON COSMONAUTS1 ACHIEVEMENT

Following is the text of a message, dated 15 August, sent by Acting Secretary- General U Thant to Nikita S. Khrushchev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, :

SINCERE CONGRATULATIONS TO COSMONAUTS NIKOLAYEV AND POPOVICH ON THEIR HISTORIC FEAT, AND TO THE SOVIET SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS WHO MADE THIS ACHIEVEMENT POSSIBLE. THIS IS YET ANOTHER MILESTONE IN MAN'S GENIUS IN CONQUERING SPACE, WHICH I HOPE WILL BE USED FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL MANKIND.

y, "TV BUN? S NEWYORK 75/71 13 I400EDST ETAT FRIOKITE HIS EXCEttENGY MR, N1KJTA S« KHRUSHCHEV CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF HIHISTEHS OF THE USSR MOSCOW IBSSR) SINCERE CONGRATULATIONS TO COSMONAUTS MIKOLAYEV AND POPOVICH ON THEIR HISTORIC FEATj AND TO THE SOVIET SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLO- GISTS $HO MADE THIS ACHIEVEMENT POSSIBLE* THIS IS YET ANOTHER MILESTONE W MAN'S GEK'IUS PS/S3/21 IN CONQUERING SPACED WHICH I HOPE HILL BE USED FOR THE BENEFIT?" _ ; ' to OF ALL MANKIND, ^ &

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SENT UQ5A EST JR RCP ; UNATION 222422 Reaction to and Implications of the Moscow Talks •with Special Reference to the Role of the UN

I. Initial World Reaction There is evidence of growing support among governments for the partial test ban treaty, and of hope that it will lead to further East- West accommodations. Positive statements indicating willingness to sign have been made by the governments of Australia, Brazil,t Canada, Ceylon, f- Chile, Denmark, Greece, , , , Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, , Hew Zealand and the United Arab Republic. The Treaty, Tass reported, was welcomed by the countries and Cuba. The initial reaction from West and Israel was somewhat restrained. The West German Government called the Treaty "a partial success", while Israel deferred a decision on adherence. President De Gaulle stated that the agreement "appears to us satisfactory, and we even participate in the joy expressed by President Kennedy". He added that , however, would not be diverted or inconvenienced by the Moscow agreement. The Treaty was only of "limited importance" unless "stretched" to other problems, and France, he said, would seek a disarmament conference of the four nuclear Powers later this year* The only vehement negative reaction has come from the People's Republic of . Official editorials claimed that the Treaty was "an out-and-out fraud" of the aimed at preventing China and "other socialist countries than the from possessing nuclear capability". A test ban would be significant "only when it forms a component part of the programme for general disarmament and the total prohibition of nuclear weapons", (it was reported that the Japanese supported Chinese views, while the Indian Communist Party praised the test ban.) II. United States Reaction and Senate Ratification Interest in United States reaction centres on the "advice and consent" which requires two-thirds, or 6? affirmative votes, if all 100 Senators vote. There is evidence of sufficient support developing under the leadership of the President, the Secretaries of State and Defence, the Director of the Disarmament Agency, and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission. A Senate resolution for an atmospheric test ban was introduced earlier this year by 34 senators (28 Democrat and 6 Republican), and a poll taken by - 2 -

Senator Clark in the spring of this year indicated that 57 senators were ready to support a comprehensive test ban treaty. The Mew York Times stated on 28 July that it was expected that "the Treaty would have the support of perhaps 80 of the 100 senators on the strength of the argument that rejection would be a heavy blow to the prestige of the US as a seeker of the peace." A recent public opinion poll (Washington Post, 8 July) showed that 13% of the public polled favoured a test ban agreement, as against Yl% who indicated some opposition. Among the Republicans who have indicated support are former Presidents Hoover and Eisenhower, and Nixon, McCloy and Wadsworth. Avowed opposition has come from Senator Goldwater and Congressman Hosmer. The Chairmen of the three important Senate Committees - Senators Russell, Stennis and Jackson - reserved judgment until the Administration's testimony. It is noteworthy that during the past year many detailed hearings were held on a comprehensive test ban and those who were prepared to oppose any such ban with less than seven on-site inspections seem to have been caught by surprise by the partial test ban. By the time a new opposition group is formed, the necessary majority is likely to be in the hands of President Kennedy. The issues that may give•the Administration spokesmen the most trouble are the ban's effect on the development of an anti-missile defence; the possibility of clandestine tests in outer space; the disutility of the Treaty as far as China and France are concerned, and the doubts about Soviet motivations. However, on all these issues, the Administration has already given seemingly convincing testimony. Barring some new disclosures as a result of the close scrutiny by Senate Committees, the president's assertion that it is in the national interest, and the worldrs generally favourable reaction should override marginal doubts. III. The Test Ban in relation to. Foreign Policy The agreement on the partial test ban treaty shortly after the agreement on the communications link between Moscow and Washington strengthens the view that both sides recognize the collaborative element In their policy to avoid nuclear war without any loss of strategic, political oi ideological position. - 3 -

Since President Kennedy's address on 10 June, Administration officials have emphasized the immediate practical and favourable consequences of Khrushchev's policy of coexistence, -without overlooking the constancy of the basic challenge on the part of Communist countries and ideology. Challenge in the political and economic areas of conflict is deemed preferable to an attempt by the USSR to gain superiority in a costly . It is also important to understand that President Kennedy, bearing in mind the presidential election due for next year, is seeking to prove to the American people that his policy of a realistic approach to the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union has proved to be the right one. It seems certain in the circumstances that he would take every opportunity in the future to achieve negotiated settlements with the Soviet Union -which would not in any way adversely affect the interests of the United States. The development of new and ever more powerful weapons of war has made the nuclear Powers uneasy about all their past concepts and assumptions on military strategy. Similarly, the ever-present danger of unintended war is having a frightening effect on the peoples of the world. These factors have brought about a new concept of . Economic considerations have also had their significant impact. There is a growing demand for not only putting a stop to the increasing defence expenditures but for reduction of the same and diversion of the savings for the improvement of world economic and social conditions. Aid to the developing countries has a very important place in the foreign policies of both the United States and the Soviet Union. The connection between the recent agreements between the United States and the Soviet Union and the reported deepening rift between the Soviet Union and China appears to have been overplayed by many. The Sino-Soviet differences must be viewed realistically. While the recent talks between the Soviet Union and China have apparently brought about no reconciliation, it must be borne in mind that the ties between the two countries, and particularly the mutual defence pact, still exist. While it seems incontestable that the Soviet Union, in its negoti- ations and even agreements with the United States, is seeking to prove the soundness of the policy of coexistence, it would be wrong to assume, as some commentators do, that, without the Sino-Soviet differences, these agreements would not have been possible or even that the rift has been the main reason for the evolvement of the present propitious atmosphere. The spirit of understanding and accommodation is reflected also in relation to the problem of Germany and Berlin. While there has been no basic shift in Soviet policy on these questions, it is significant that there is a mutual desire to settle the problem, taking into account the interests of all parties concerned. Strategically, the United States seems to recognize the objective grounds for Soviet fears of a possible surprise attack and of potential catalytic behaviour especially on the part of Germany. IV. Possible Hext Steps The Moscow communique and Treaty foreshadow priority for a ban on underground tests and a non-aggression agreement. The latter can cause difficulties in NATO, especially after France's negative attitude to arrangements which she has alleged were concluded "over her head". The fact, however, is that the US, for over a year, has considered parallel pledges of non-aggressive intent a reasonable objective, provided it led to explicit guarantees of access to . West Germany has apparently not been opposed to exploration of sxich an arrange- ment and, in the past, it has to a large extent determined NATO policy in Central Europe. Should opportunities open up for inspection in Central Europe, the non-aggression pledge should be even more acceptable, to the United States, but perhaps less so to West Germany. Mr. Khrushchev's enumeration of subsequent steps on 19 July doubtless impressed the US, if only because it omits such previously unacceptable measures as the elimination of military bases; denuclearized European zones, and renunciation of the use of nuclear weapons. In a positive sense, Mr. Khrushchev's rene-wal of the suggestion for control posts for the prevention of surprise attack, especially at airfields, could lead to the early renewal of surprise attack talks which have been adjourned sine die since December 195&. Although the US has always favoured such arrange- ments, and probably continues to do so, the strategic requirements have changed since 1958, and the US no longer expects or fears a surprise nuclear attack by the Soviet Union and has secured its retaliatory capability, In any event, this is one subject on -which the US would seem well prepared for early agreement. The other specific Soviet proposal which seems to coincide with US thinking, and therefore likely to be seized as an early topic for negoti- ation, is that for an exchange of military observers in East and West Germany. While the territorial definition is bound to raise US opposition, the basic idea is similar to that put forward in some detail by the United States in December 1962 and by the United Kingdom as far back as 1955. - 5 -

Here again the US would seem to be prepared technically to move towards agreement. Among the measures that the US could be expected to push are prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons; cut-off of future fissile production; ban on the orbiting of weapons of mass destruction, and a first stage disarmament agreement with emphasis on the adaptation of Mr. Gromyko's 1962 proposal for the retention of a strictly limited number of missiles in both countries. V. Role of the United Nations The test ban treaty makes two references to the United Nations. Firstly, the preamble proclaims as the principal aim "the speediest possible achievement of an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations". Paragraph 6 of Article III states that the Treaty "shall be registered by the depository governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations." In considering the possibility of a closer association of the Treaty with the United Nations, the Secretary-General ^csmld take advantage of the two opportunities that will present themselves, one at the signing of the Treaty by the three Powers in Moscow next week and again at the time of the registration of the Treaty with the United Nations. Appropriate statements could be made by the Secretary-General on these two occasions. At least on the second occasion, where the Secretariat will necessarily have to make the practical arrangements, it should be the aim to arrange for an impressive function, possibly at the beginning of the next session of the General Assembly, when a large number of Foreign Ministers of the Member States will be present here. The conclusion of the test ban agreement is undoubtedly the first significant break-through in the protracted and at times seemingly frustrating negotiations over the years. It is extremely important that the role of the United Nations and, in particular, that of the Secretary-General in providing the necessary link in bringing about agreed solutions should be constantly stressed. This is obviously possible only if the Secretary-General is kept fully informed by the parties concerned of the developments in future negotiations which, it is safe to assume, will cover broader issues aimed at the relaxation of tension. PRESS-RELEASE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS Wo, 18 136 EAST 67th STREET, NEW YORK 21, N. Y. April 11,1964

N.S.KHRUSHCHOV'S 70th BIRTHDAY

The 70th birthday of Wikita Khrushchev, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, falls due on April 17, On this occasion the Novosty Press Agency (APN) distributed Khrushchov's biography» Here follows an abridged text of the biography. Nikita Sergeyevich KHRUSHCHOV, Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers and the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was born 70 years ago, on April 17, 1894, in the village of Kalinorka, Kursk region, which lies in the heart of European , His grandfather had been a serf* His father was a miner. The working life of Nikita Khrushchov began-very early» He herded cattle in summer when he was a boy, attending the village school during the winter. Then he worked for a rich landowner, At the age of fifteen he joined his father in the Donets coal basin, where he worked as a fitter in mines and factories. The most politically advanced miners and steel workers in the were waging an active struggle for their rights and an end to exploitation* A young man with a keen, inquisitive turn of mind, Nikita soon espoused the cause of the workers' emancipation and began to take part in organizing miners' strikes. In the autumn of 1917, the Socialist revolution triumphed in Russia under the guidance of the Crmmunist party and its leader, Lenin, All power in the country passed into the hands r>f the people. With other active workers and intellectuals Ninita Khrushchov enthusiastically threw himself into the work of setting up the first Soviets in the miners' towns. In 1918 he joined the Communist party* - 2 -

The yevung Soviet Republic soon came to resemble a besieged fortress. Practically the whole capitalist world was pitted against the new Russia, Many communists volunteered for the front immediately after joining the party in order to fight the foreign interventionists and internal counterrevolutionaries. That was what did, too. He was at the front, in the fighting pranks, throughout the civil war, from 1918 tea 1920, conducting' political propaganda among the men. After the civil war Khrushchev returned to the Donbas where he was appointed assistant manager of a mine. He proved to be a good organiser. Soon the party organisation of the mine offered him the opportunity to attend the workers' faculty at the industrial institute. After finishing the workers' faculty Khrushchev was elected secretary of the Petrovsko- Maryinsky district committee of the party in the Donbas, then worked in party committees in Donetsk and Kiev,, In 1929 Khrushchov entered the Industrial Academy in Moscow where he was elected secretary of the Party committee by his fellow students, •; That was in the period of the first five-year plan when the main goal before the Communist party and the nation was rapid industrialisation, Khrushchov had by that time come through a^great schooling in life. His political experience was combined with an extensive knowledge i^f economic construction. In 1931 he was elected Secretary of a Moscow District Party Committee, and then Secretary of the Moscow Regional and City Party Committees. At the I7th Party Congress in 1934 Khrushchov was elected to the Central Committee of the CPSU, and since has been elected to it at every Party Congress. In T938 Khrushchov was elected First Secretary of the Central. Committee of the Communist Party of the . There his organisational ability manifested itself with particular force. The Ukrainian people in those years achieved big successes in all spheres of building a new life, In the same year Khrushchov was elected alternate member of the Political Bureau of the- Central- Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and, in 1939, after the I8th Party Congress, member of the Political Bureau. He had become tfne of the mos-t popular political leaders in the country. Khrushchov was with the Army in the field throughout the Great Patriotic War of the against the German fascist invaders, His name is connected with the decisive battles of and Kursk and the liberation of the Donbas and - the Ukraine» - 3 -

The war brought Khrushchev a great personal loss. His eldest son Leonid, a flyer, perished in 1943 in action against enemy aircraft,,, After the war Khrushchev continued to work at his post as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Ukraine »'• He played a big part in the economic advance of the Republic, in raising the cultural standards and well- being of the Ukrainian people. In 1949 he was elected Secretry of the Central Committee of the CPSU and at the same time First Secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee of the Party, In , after Stalin's death, it was found necessary that Khrushchov should devote himself entirely to the work in the Central Committee of the CPSU, in view of which he was relieved of his duties at the **bscow Committee of the Party. In September 1953 he was elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In March 1958 Khrushchov became Chsirman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR,

One often reads in the foreign press that the rise of the erstwhiibe shepherd boy and miner Khrushchov to his present higii position is nothing short of a "mystery", an inexplicable "riddle". But here is Khrushchev's own explanation of the phe- nomenon: "The revolution opened the doors of education, of science, to the workers, to all the working people of our country, I am only another example of that kind of revolutio- nary advancement". His indivisible bond with the people is the most revealing trait of the Head of the Soviet Government. He has always endeavoured to be in the thick of the people's life and pays close keed "t° their thoughts and general mood. Distance does not prevent him from frequently visiting factories, building • sities, collective farms, educational and research institutes, and the families of workers and collective farmers up and down the length and breadth of the land. He stops to t-alk to people in the street, in shops, out in the fields. He always speaks frankly and likes to take the bull by the horns. In the responsible posts he has been entrusted with by the people. 'N.S. Khrushchov has followed the policies col- lectively worked out by the Presidium of the Central Committee, the Plenary Meetings of the Party's Central Committee, the Con- gresses of the CPSU, the of the USSR and the Coun- cil of Ministers of the USSR,

"Our goal", ha said once, "is to do everything best for people, A Communist is happy when he ahieves happiness for all people". - 4 -

His guiding principle could be thus defined? to build , talcing careful stock of the possibilities of the country and the people, so that the present genera- tion will also be able to enjoy the wonderful fruits, of a society of abundance." After Stalin's death, the Leninist aore of the Central Committee of the CPSU launched a determined fight against the personality ault and its consequences. N.S.Ehrushchov was the moving spirit and leader of that historical fight. In , at the 20th Congress of the CPSU, he levelled principled crit icism at the Stalin personality cult alien to Marjxism-Leninism* The Congress ruled that the Central Committee .had issued a. perfectly correct and timely denounciation of the personality cult, and instructed the Central Committea to ensure the complete overcoming of its harmful consequ- enceg in aj.1 spheres of Party, Government, economic., and ideologica~ • l work, to create xlrm guarantee*s for such phenomena never to occur again in the Party and the country. The years following 1953 stand out in Soviet history. Soviet industrial output increased 2.7 times in the ten . years. "We have grown accustomed11, Khrushchev said at the December Plenary Meeting of the CPSU Central Committee in 1963, "To high raises of grown of our economy, and consider them ordinary and natural. But just think, comrades, of the meaning of these figures? side by side with the giant that our industry was in 1953 there have emerged two more such giants in one decade exclamation this, like a flight into outer space, takes one*' a breath away. We have every reason to be proud, every reason to rejoice exclamation'.' : The Party has drawn up measures for the accelerated development of the chemical industry as the most progres- sive branch of the country's economy.. In the next seven yeara (1964-1970) the USSR plans to build 200 new chemi- cal establishments and to reconstruct 500 operating chemical enterprises. Attention will chiefly be paid to the development of mineral fertiliser production and to consumer goods output, Stressing the great importance the Party attaches to chemistry, Ehrushchov said; said that communism is Soviet power plua the of the whole country. Were Lenin alive W0uld probably say it in thia ways aommunism is Soviet power plus the electrification of the whole '.oountry, plus the chemicalization of the ziational economy" - 5 - The changes in agriculture in these years have been truly gigantic. The output and state purchase of farm products have greatly increased. Even in 1963» marked by a severe drought over 1.4- times more grain^ nearly 2.6 timea more meat, and nearly 2.7 times more milk were purchased than in 1953* The decade has proved exceptionally fruitful for the development.-, of science and technology. The network of research establishments has.grown considerably in size and strength. The number of research workers has. reached the enormous figure of 580.000. Guidance of scientific research has been improved in every way in order to provide the most favourable conditions for the work of the scientists, and to consolidate the ties of science with production, with life. Outstanding achievements of Soviet scientists in the solution of problems of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, space conquest, mathematics and geology, as well as industrial automation, have won gene- ral recognition. „ , The entire meaning of the activity of the Communist Party l3.es in its concern for ^he welfare of the people? t;EThee pastlivin; gELecaoe standar. d of the Soviet *peopl •*•e steadilpeaceful coexistence of the two systems, in conformity with present—day conditions, the Congress came to a conclusion that war was no longer ine- vitable and could be everted in the modern period. That idea, put forward fo£ the first time at the Congress, has been fully confirmed by the entire course of sub- sequent events, i wf A Scientific explanation of the fundamental processes of social development in the USSR and throughout the world during the recent historical period can be found in the programme of the CPSU adopted by the 22nd Congress, the drafting of which took place with Khrushchev's active participation. The CPSU programme is a new stage in the creative development of -Leninism. U.S.Khrushchev devotes much attention at all times to the problems of culture of a new society, the problems, pf ihe de3selopme.nt ,of the literature and art of the JJfciVJjJitJfO 0 a Oi oil'© UQO-ttr .

ishchov has been working tirelessly and cOB-s3.sfce-n.fT ly to implement the foreign policy of the Soviet thaJLl — —t j —owin' v TT"* -g ^-* — *.t oK^. / thK-« ^N-X.UJ.e unflagginU • J_ V VV -i-gJ -- U effortl~/«^ J.J.W sv-* io-<-rAC3Oirir Khrushchovta ^ « — .>"— "_ ™ ,'" th, ,e— t/ principles of peaceful coeadsten.ce have been taking firmer cina firmer root in internauional relations in the psjst dec ade . Ehrushchov^ diplomatic activities are inseparably bound up with all the important acts in support of peace that have taken place in the past decade. Suffice it to 2?e5.^1 Su2il historical achievements as the peaceful settlement of the dangerous crisis in the Caribbean in the summert of 1963. Also closely associated with N.S. Khrushchev's name is the great peace programme of our time, the plan for general and complete disarmament under strict intern a- •uional control, which the Soviet Premier introduced in a speech at the U.K. General Assembly. On the eve of 1964, Khrushchov came forward with another important proposal to the Heads of State (Govern- ment). In this Message of Peace he called for an agreement on renunciation of force in territorial disputes. This Message met with wide support from the world public, and the Governments of the vast majority of countries. - 7 ~

There is not a single sphere of international life to which N.S. Khrushchov has not made a fruitful contribution. Khrushchov is an ardent champion of the complete aboli- tion of , the granting of freedom to all peoples and the rendering of all-round assistance to the newly-inde- pendent countries in and in the development of thfcir economy and culture. Khrushchov has made an invaluable contribution to the ac- tivities of the GPSU and the Soviet Government_in the strengthen- ing of fraternal relations between the Soviet union and the countries of the socialist community. Faithful to Lenin's behest on the need to preserve the unity of the international Communist movement, Khrushchov tirelessly works to rally all Communist and Workeis* parties, on the basis of the Marxist*.Leninist teaching, against both right-wing op- portunism and dissenters who take refuge in "left" phraseology. Nikita Khrushchov is approaching his 70th birthday as tirelessly active as ever. "I've still got some fight in me," he says when asked about his health. He is strong, cheerful and full of energy. He likes hunting and walking in the woods. He has four children, six grandchildren and a great-grand- daughter. 'Ihey are all well. His wife, Nina Petrovna, is also in excellent health. Both Nikita Khrushchev's fellow-countrymen and all people of good will send him sincere wiches for a long and happy life, 16 April 196-'* C. V. 3800 35086 10101-301

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FILE MO. ACTION TO PRESS RELEASE

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

MISSION; TO THE UNITED NATIONS t 96 136 EAST*67TH STREET, NEW YORK 21, N. Y. November 16, 1970

STATEMENT BY KHRUSHCHEV

N.Khrushchev, made the following Statement to the press:

"It is seen from reports of the press in the United States and some other capitalist countries that the so-called memoirs or reminiscences of N.S.Khrushchev are now being prepared for publication. This is a fabri- cation and I am indignant at this. I have never passed on memoirs or ma- t erials of this nature either to the "Time" or other foreign publishing houses,

I did not turn over such materials to the Soviet publishing houses either.

Therefore, I declare that this is a fabrication. The venal bourgeois press was many times exposed of such lies.

N, KHRUSHCHEV" :;' '^

By BERNARD GWERTZMAN •Attitude' Special to dovsky in his 'battle"tol^feTg^' Mr. Mikoyan, who remained, MOSCOW, Aug. 21—A sam- the Soviet Union. A typical the journal Novy Mir liberal, in the leadership group until pling of a monthly; • under- issue consists of some essays, but its backing could not pre- 1966, said, according to the ground newsletter that circu- usually unsigned; transcripts, vent the end of Mr. Tvardov- document, that "shortcomings! sky's leadership. The Diary has to a 'significant decree were lated for nearly seven years either verbatim or paraphrased, called for full revelations about caused by his subjective atti- among a small group; of So- of what were supposed to have the Stalin period, but the tude and his age—he was al- viet intellectuals has been been closed meetings; reprints Kremlin has cut off further de- ready 70—and by a sclerotic made available for publication of petitions, letters or docu- bate on the subject. condition." " "He became short-tempered, abroad.:? ments espousing- liberal causes On foreign-policy questions, (the editors opposed Soviet fidgety, impetuous and rest- The ^typewritten publication or exposing Stalinist incidents; | support for the Arab side in less," the account attributed to] titled Pohtichesky Dnevnik excerpts from unpublished i the Middle East, but that in- Mr. Mikoyan continued. "He books, snatches from foreign [volvement has increased. They could not work for more than publications, and some political i gave outspoken support to three hours in any one place. gossip or speculation. [Alexander Dubcek's experi- He sought to be continuously MSf-6|:eJig^KaB^untU: 'iis'.;,e$ ! merit in " with a hu-! on the move and on trips. He; ^OTcraeano ^rve'11 of the The Diary falls in the cate- 'man face" in Czechoslovakia,; was inclined in all his actions than 70 issues,to some Western! gory, of what is known as Ibut this hardly affected the to improvise, to solve problems •correspondents so that peopl "" (self-publishing) and 'Soviet-led invasion in August, on the run. His speeches con- reflects the virtues and draw- i 1968 Only on the China ques-! tained more emotion than Tea- abroad^ would have a ' bette: " tion and the Kremlin's declared] son. Once he began to speak, idea of what was on the mine backs ' of that increasingly j interest in arms control have he could not stop." of'"liberal socialists," ,as om popular genre. Since it is uh- Sthe editors been in apparent Finally, the account contin- described them, living in thi densored, it reflects, more * accord with the policy makers, ued, the "Khrushchev issue" was discussed in the Presidium. Soviet Union. Spontaneity and more discus: * Leaders Not Harshly Criticized .- / ' si6ri of sensitive issues than "Twenty-two people spoke, The .Diary apparently came On the other hand, the edi-| in. a businesslike way, without out regularly from the time o: !the usual official publication. | tors have not been overly abuse," Mr. Mikoyan was the ouster of Nikita S. Khru- : But because it is put 'to- * critical of the current leaders. quoted as saying "Khrushchev shchev in October, 1964, unti: gether secretly, the typical I They seem 'to believe tjhat .defended himself. We did not samizdat publication often has »things could be worse and that public the secret details. late last year or early this ! lanonymous authors, whose > Leonid I. Brezhnev, the par|£> it all this, not wanting to: year. It is understood that t^ 6^?^a:«^ii--J-%oi^S^S-«ife;ll!M''iiaTi.,Ki-J If leader, has at least not given] .1 our dirty linen in public editors—who have refused :| ', the nep-Stalinists a free reift *not wanting to exagger- divulge their names for pi| Political Diary made Its. :' lication—have suspended put f, debut during a time of intellec^ e decided to inform the Jt' tual excitement. There wasQa and the people by word; lication and are considering , i sense of optimism that the new .outh. I believe we actec} new format. has no readily available way of;»leadership, under Mr. Brezhnev* omrade Khrushchev ac- Thinking of Intelligentsia checking. In general, nonethelonethe-- f and Aleksei N. Kosygin, would ling to the rules. An i liberalize society beyond the a good deed was done. N> The issues provided' to less, the reliability of samizdat has proved quite high. I limits permitted by Mr. Khrush- normal atmosphere has newsmen represent the think- i chev, who was viewed ambigu- created in the leadership ing of at least one segment of Willing to Risk Conseque'nces {ously by intellectuals. They Central Committee. Eve ; the Soviet intelligentsia in the The political point of view • praised his anti-Stalin plank speaks freely. Earlier 'period of the Brezhnev-Kosygin espoused,by the Diary .reflects i but denounced his autocratic Khrushchev spoke." tendencies. The hope that further' lib- :, leadership.. that o'f the liberal intelligent- J The intellectuals were dis- eralization would take place :?-..Totaling ;more than 530 sia, especially those relatively- j turbed by the absence of a was not realized. The symbolic, pages, or some 165,000 words, few who are willing to risk the J coherent explanation in the turning point for many intel- consequences of speaking out official press on why Mr. lectuals was the attitude to- even in this limited way. 1 Khrushchev was forced out of ward the literary world. Not, * office. Indeed, one of the first only were Andrei D. Sinyayskyi Like most other under- I projects of the Diary was to and Yuli M. Daniel convicted 'ground publications in the So- supply information and com- of anti-Soviet slander in writ- viet Union, the Diary, which had mentary on the ouster. ings published abroad under a very small regular readership I Readers of the Diary could pseudonyms but it became im- —perhaps a nucleus of 50—has [ find a rough transcript of an possible—despite the efforts of S explanation said to have been the editors of Novy Mir—for had little influence on the \ given on Dec. 14, 1964, by Mr. S.olzheriitsyn to publish. thinking of the Kremlin lead- J Ariastas I. Mikoyan, one of Mr. ers. On virtually every problem } Khrushchev's closest associates A'. Major Literary Debate discussed by the publication, ! in the P.arty's ruling Presidium. Ever since his novella "One its editors have appeared tf Day in the Life of Ivan Deni- at cross-purposes with the appeared in Novy Mir cial line. 1 in, 1962, a major debate has The Diary has supp and been waged around the follow- open discussion of problern V "•-• •• .;-••-:-'.-v : • "•'••-• '•; ing issue: / while the leaders continue to document. - * _. Is Mr_So izhenitsyn a great maintain close.control over the ' "They were great in the fight writerj whose works represent communications media and to for peace and for .liquidation «the truth" and should be pub- avoid discussing sensitive is- bf the consequences of'the;:.cult lished as, : v'.**• I I I I "-VT j>* I l.^^/ I « ._| sues frankly. The Diary has of the personality, in the]^|: 'orvare-ffihis works too. negatives backed Aleksandr I. Solzhenit- 1:—'"- for Soviet/society! syn's right to' publish in the velopment of socialist dertioc- Soviet Union, but during this racy. But as time wentiwo.ti| Comrade Khrushchev's mis--i ,takfes;::a^d^rj^.s|ip|fcpmjir{gs, an Dr. SakharSv/'engaged in'Sri Ji- ^3'He2 Lenin- Ceijteijnial to [its| enemies in the West, as B exchange of .Vviews with a For instance, tfe | celebra- the conservatives assert. at all. But-'\hat-~is-'Vp're fcisely Soviet journalist,"»Efhs¥% HSnry, what is happening to Novy that was published in the Diary tions of the centennial of The Solzhenitsyn issue be- Lenin's birth in 1970 were Mir." in 1967. In that discussion Dr. came connected with the Stalin Sakharov said he and his col- assessed as follows: question. Just as many .liberals Aleksandr B. Chakovsky, "Unfortunately, much of the editor of the influential Lit- leagues were interested in a I hoped the Brezhnev^ regime activity has been of a formal eraturnaya Gazeta, was re- possible moratorium on de- and pompous character. The would open the doors wider, ported by the Diary to have ployment of antiballistic mis- Lenin anniversary was not many' old party hands expected taken the contrary position: isile systems. used for a profound scientific a of Stalin. And i The physicist asserted that "Take the question of the an ABM system was unwork-j analysis of the future course since Mr. Solzhenitsyn was a personality cult. Let us say and for an examination of major anti-Stalinist, to -speak able because the offense has a that someone writes an article I built in advantage over the those problems that today for him meant to. act against that there were abuses, crimes, stand before our people and a rebirth 'of and camps. Would that be the I defense. before the state. Among the against further .restrictions. truth? Yes, it would be. But it Resentment Over Link to Arabs colossal number of publica- The Diary, keeping a watch- would be the truth of a fact. The Middle East crisis, espe- tions on the Lenin theme there ful, eye on the efforts of the It might actually, be harmful were few that did not repeat Stalinists to assert power, re- cially the six-day war in June, -because there might be people 1967, brought to .the surface obvious truths or well-known ported on a closed meeting of who would try to attribute, the .facts about the life and ac- ideologists in October, 1966, at long-standing liberal resent- abuses to bad camp directors ment at Soviet involvement on; tivity of Lenin. which several speakers called and so forth. But when the "The huge and expensive for a new look at Stalin. The. the Arab side. An article pub- party revealed the reasons for lished that month by an anon-1 propaganda campaign left a most outspoken was Devi G. small imprint on the minds of Sturua, a party secretary in the personality cult and de- ymous commentator probably scribed the conditions that represented a common view: the majority of the Soviet peo- , Stalin's birthplace, un- would prevent it from recur- ple. It aroused a weak response til his removal last year. Mr. "Soviet policy toward the ring, that was the big truth. Arab countries, in particular iven among most schoolchil- Sturua said, according ^to the In other1 words', there is 'a big 1 'en and older students. There account: truth that not only takes note s ;. no -pilgrimage to the "We are sometimes called of events but?-. demonstrates, usoleum: In the month be- Stalinists but we don't see any- their origin and the way of not the anniversary, the mau- thing dishonorable in it. We liquidating them." • oleum was open for visiting are proud to .be Stalinists. I only among intellectuals? but also among workers. It was no almost every day but that am a Stalinist because the Crisis in,Solzhenitsyn,Affair resulted in considerable short- name of Stalin is associated The Solzhenitsyn'-affair came secret to anyone that not mil- ening of the usual waiting with the victories of our people to a crisis point during a con- lions but billions of rubles were line." in the .years of collectivization gress of the Writers .Union in required to arm the United Although Political Diary die and industrialization. I am -a May, 1967,' .when the 'writer Arab Republic, to construct the not try to duplicate other Stalinist because Stalin's name circulated a letter co'mplainirig thousands of samizdat publications that re- is connected with the victories about .censorship and harass- kilometers from the Soviet Un- ported regularly on arrests ol of our people in the years of ment. This provoked a further ion, and to build dozens of political dissidents, such as the the Great Patriotic War. exchange. The issue died down other enterprises there. Chronicle of Current Events, [World War II]. I am a Stalinist until November, 1969, when he "Our help to —mili- which has appeared every two because his name is associated was expelled from the union tary, financial^ and economic— months since 1968, the Diary with the victories of our peo- and, the editors of the Di- surpassed our help to any so- began to carry more items ple in the postwar recovery of ary believed, threatened with cialist country and perhaps to about court cases and accounts our economy." arrest. all these countries put to- of people who had been un- The editors noted that 70 But the novelist's popularity gether. At a time when many justly arrested in Stalin's time per cent of those present had remained high. In December, of bur own domestic problems Typical of the disquiet was applauded while the others hadj 1969, the Diary published the were • unsolved, such amounts a letter dated February, 1966 either been silent or had results of a 1968 poll by Lit- of aid to Egypt could hardly be j and sent by an educator to protested. eraturnaya Gazeta whose re- regarded as wise. The extent; Premier Kosygin. The letter, Publications Under Criticism sults were suppressed. The sur- of our aid to Egypt also led to printed in the Diary, said peo- The Diary said speakers at vey of readers' preferences was objections because few intel- ple had "a great many ques- the meeting attacked Novy Mir mailed to one out of every four lectuals regarded Nasser and tions to which they are no1 and the liberal youth journal subscribers and was answered his friends as socialists. It is getting direct answers, either Yunost. Gen. Aleksei A. Yepi- by some 10,000 people. widely believed that he was a in the press or on the radio shev, chief political The most popular journals •"'Fascist or a Nazi. or in the speeches of our party of the armed forces, said were found to be Novy Mir and "In any event, it is well and Government leaders." military men had been forbid- Yunost, and the most admired :known that there is no real "It is not surprising that den to subscribe to either authors of recent years were democracy in, Egypt. They many of our people are begin magazine. _ Konstantin Simonov, a chroni- cruelly repress Communists ning to find their answers in The _secretariat of the Writ- cler of World War II; the there. Soviet billions were foreign radio broadcasts," i ers Union convened on March late , whose thrown to the wind during the 15, 1967, to discuss Novy Mir's posthumously published "The short Arab-Israeli war. Having activities and, as expected, dis- Master and Margarita" was a received our equipment virtuy cussion centered on the efforts sensation, and Mr. Solzhenit- ally free of charge, Egypt, "as]' to: publish... Mr. Solzhenitsyn. syn. Yevgeny Yevtushenko was seen from the current situation,] far ahead among the poets, /did hot master it or take care| Mr. Tvardovsky spoke in his 1 journal's defense, according to with Rober ; t Rozhdevensky and of it. All.this could not but call : ranking the Diary: . •''• : • : forth bewilderment and anger : "Sometimes-.we. are told that next. . . ".'...' from Soviet taxpayers." they'1 like us in the.. West and Of foreign-policy issues that 'By 1970, the editors of the that is not ;.good..,T would like concerned the editors 'of the Diary seemed frustrated at the to say here':,that we have "never Diary, -the events in Czechoslo- conservatism in Soviet society, ibeen praised,'as'- much'by the vakia in '1968 and the Middle which was far from the open West as .the;, representatives of East and Chinese crises,' seem society: they had advocated, i our musical arts, such as the most important. More tharf, -frustration, was .translated, 1 Shostakovich or the- Moiseyev passing attention was given -s " of I 'cu ensemble. Does that mean that problems of arms control, pqi rent trends. the minute the West praises sibly because of the editoi§ them, they/must be .isolated? admiration for Dr. Andrei •."Finally;..-'; the West ^appre- Sakharpv, the' physicist, ,.who: ciates our':':ciassics and-much of. jias .A..called.j..for^ggreater .. pur • contemporary liter-atpre. ^ The West-recognizes Sholok- THE NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, August ?P, 1971

Suecta! Lo The Neu Ycrk Times MOSCOW, Aug. 21—Following are samples of content of the underground Soviet newsletter Politick Dnevnik (Political Diary), as translated by Bernard an Marie-Jeanne Gwertzman1 The first purports to be substance of remarks at a local party meeting in 1964 by Anastas I. Mikoyan, then a member of the Kremlin lead- v ership, in explanation of the ouster of Nikita S. Khrush-' chev as party leader and Premier by the group headed by Leonid I. Brezhnev and Aleksei N. Kosygin. The second sample-consists of: excerpts from an unsigned article, published after the six-day Arab-Israeli war in 1967, discussing'what'is Described as widespread opposition to Moscow's, support :of-.the..Arabs .against Israel. i: • cbrreqt' all of them because, .•;• I? Mikoyan-arid " != '.'•in thecourse of a speech, he ;.' Khrushchev -:',.'•• :•:• .departed, from the t$eme and • We cannot deny.the'merits; • said in.uch more than was iri of \ Khrusrich'ev; . ''-They,?were; • great in' the f,ighl;: "for-; peace ..-'; -V-AS;;; and' for -liquidation .-of .-..the." . 'ifjrie; himself to the'-'time/limit, consequences of ..the cult of ••;' -'and'his,: speeches :dragged::bn, , the. personality, ''in fthe..devel-.. "-'for an.extra: pne-ahd-a-half to opmeht . pf.:'socialis.t'' demoef • ...twohpurs. In;his"speeches, he; racy^ in. the preparation.-and oftenirepeated.himself.rCoiri- convening of important con- . ':',ra'des -from-the ;CentraL:.Cbm-. 1 ; gresses—the ~20thy 21st arid rnittee told '-him -.to' speak ~ a 22nd—and in the adoption ' .little less.,abouti himself''..arid of the party .program.. r- ,;••, '. (riot to.:repeat the same: thing, ' But as, time .-wenf? on, Com- : -'I and to give others ia'ri bjipbr- rade Khrushchev's" mistakes • 'tunity .-to- speak-. "Fawning: : .over Khrushchev a'nd serious shortcomings ac- 1 cumulated in his work and widespread in the press. Ir- leadership. These shortcom- ritability, intolerence to crit- irtduptnal ings to a significent degree icism—these features were areas and why were* indus- wep caused by his subjective also not to the liking of trial and agricultural regions was destroyed. The attitude- and his age—he al- those comrades whom he and district committees cre- contradicted the party rules. ready was 70 — and by a moved into leadership work. ated? We have no antagonistic sclerotic condition. In con- When agriculture deterior- When that plan was pro- classes. There are friendly nection with this,, he became ated, serious difficulties posed to the members of the classes of workers and :peas-;, short-tempered, fidgety, 'imT arose. Khrushchev did not Presidium and members of ants. But differences r petuous and restless. He begin to look for the deep the Central Committee, the between them, and the could not work more than objective reasons but began motives of the division and must take them into acc three hours in any one place. harassing people, transferring the specialization of the The unity of workers arid He sought to be continu- them, although the reasons party leadership see.med logi- peasants is a basic lawv,»|ujwj ously on the move and on for the difficulties did not cally very convincing on the "der which the leading role? trips. He was inclined in all lie with^ people. Not all: peo- surface. It seemed to us that must remain with the worjc his actions to improvise, to ple are geniuses. One;can a universal leadership was ing class. And what solve problems on the run.( abuse them, but that does less effective and that a di- ed? Such a reorganizatio His speeches contained more not help matters. - vision would raise the level not to a narrowing but emotion than reason. Once he Krushchev 'suffered from of the leadership, make it widening of the gap between began to speak, he could not an organizational itch. He had concrete, bring it closer to the workers and peasants. an inclination -toward endless production. In the local regions intoler- ^Tearganfzations. Why was the |THe opposite results turned able conditiogd-jwere created Ijpentral , Committee: had party leadership divided into oilt. [The Leninist-territorial- for services' for tm? popula- fopj.'p'oulty farms, etc.Tp- . jThf |old--fha| is, Shverni frt'fROTn^itl ct : | exjgy ^l^ncft ^ffJWf |f erjf such $>npyitjtee .»thgfe '' I ariB wyself%.(2j The middle- that there are maliy Jews , would be 'created its own Brezhnev, Kosygin, Podgorny. machinery with the number (3) The young — Shelcpin, within our intelligentsia, for of employes up to 500 to 600 Shelest, although in age they similar positions were taken men. He also proposed to cre- are not so young. Brezhnev by the Russian part of the ate political sections under is 56, about the same as intelligentsia. G.F. reports these committees, in this way Kosygin. Kozlqv is hopeless- that those feelings were char- to reduce the role of party ly sick. Shelepin and Shelest acteristic also for the organizations of the collec- are 46. They all have great Ukrainian and Moldavian in- tive farms and state farms,. experience in party and eco- telligentsia. A basic reason The Central Committee ex- nomic work. I was a People's for this, it seems to me, can plained to him that such a Commissar for 30 years. be found in the general op- type of leadership in a mili- Khrushchev was constant- positionist (partly also pro- tary format resembled the ly on trips. Therefore, Brezh- Western) feelings that char- Chinese method. He was nev, in fact, directed the acterize many leading intel- shown the absurdity of- his Central Committee organiza- lectuals now. proposals. They were put tion and Kosygin the Council To a large degree, of aside and rejected. of Ministers. course, much of the informa- It was not normal to go And so a good deed was tion of the intelligentsia over to a seven-year plan. done. Now a normal atmos- about the events is second- When the planning organs phere has been established in hand (a large number of peo- prepared a seven-year draft, the leadership of the Central ple in June listened not to Khrushchev proposed to Sat- Committee. Everyone speaks Soviet but to British and yukov [editor of Prayda] to freely, but earlier they were American and, to some ex- publish it in without \ reticent. Now everyone talks, tent, Israeli broadcasts). preliminary examination. in and earlier only Khrushchev There is evidence that in the Presidium of the Central spoke. Now the Leninist lead- May, 1967, the Soviet Union Committee and in a plenary ership exists in practice. The. was against the withdrawal meeting. In such a way, the 'Central Committee has great of United Nations troops Central Committee was faced experience, the changes will from Arab territory and with a published draft and benefit the people and soon against the blockade of the therjsiwas nothing for it to do be felt in practice. Aqaba Strait. But Nasser, be- ' but Ratify it. Now we are -( lieving in his superiority, act- agSi^- going over the five- | The Six-Day War ed independently and hand- Tor ex- . yeajifjans. ! The defeat or the Arabs ed us a fait accompli. In these eceive a fwdrfc ce'r- -•' When the Khrushchev is- |was an extremely painful dip- difficult conditions the So- tificate or some other docu- sue was raised in the Pre- lomatic setback for the Soviet viet Union, having aligned it- ment, it was necessary to sidium of the Central Com- Union. It was significant that self too closely with Egypt, travel somewhere into the in- mittee, 22 people spoke, in a despite this a significant part lacked freedom to maneuver terior to a production admin- businesslike way, without of the population of our and had to support Nasser. istration. A man became sick abuse. Khrushchev defended country, and especially the Believing that, with our —our region does not take himself. We did not make intelligentsia, has taken a po- diplomatic and military pro- responsibility. The same with public the secret details sition quite different from the tection, he did not have to the police, with ordinary about all this, not wanting to official view. fear direct American inter- services. All this created wash our dirty linen in pub-' The position of a signifi- vention, Nasser evidently chaos for the workers and lie and not wanting to exag- cant part of the intelligentsia wanted a victory over Israel led to massive discontent, gerate it. We decided to in- is characterized not so much to achieve his hegemony in letters, complaints. form the party and the peo- by sympathy as by unfriend- the Arab world. In analyzing Not pleased by this reor- ple by word of mouth. I be- liness toward the Arab lead- the events in the Middle ganization, Comrade Khrush- lieve we acted on Comrade ers who suffered defeat. This East, our press was silent chev thought up a new one: Khrushchev according to the is more a pro-Israeli than a about the blockade of the The creation of 12 commit- rules. pro-Arab position.^ Aqaba Strait and the pullout tees to guide specialized sec- The entire Presidium has I have observed no out- of the United Nations troops, tors of agriculture—livestock, remained virtually without bursts of anti-Semitic feel- which were not simply prov- .y;ropj,^npwing,. cot|on| grow- ..Thejg. are. ttyee^gen- lathy of many ocations1 '-but' acts- of aggres- ing and. separate linfflustrial i£>.\i\>"i*j T 1 flitJJ' "JSJitt aew &rts Dear Comrade Kosygin, Only in Russia does one reluc- I have just got back from my Novelist Penelope tantly begin to think so. third visit to your country, and You are proud, even smug, to Mortimer has just returned have produced what you call a wish to write you a letter that classless society. But this, of may be more bread than butter. from a holiday in Russia, course, is rubbish. What pos- My first two visits, in 1966, sible equality is there between were in connection with a film where she found that life you, in your limousine with its we were trying to get permis- curtained windows, purring out sion to shoot in the USSR. It was not as rosy as it might of the Kremlin on your way to was a frivolous story about your and a good dinner, smuggling Marks and Spencer's be—as she explains in this and the women labourers who underwear into Leningrad, and lean on their pickaxes to at the time the Soviet authori- open letter to Mr Kosygin. watch you pass ? The barriers ties had my full sympathy in of privilege are insuperable in turning it down. Russia, since knowledge of the ^wal very moved and excited outside world is accessible only by)1 Russia, that spring, and Thank you for to the favoured few. agreed that jokes about nylon The average teacher of Eng- rnfghtdrXsses- were " irrelevant lish in your schools sincerely land irreverent. I was, in fact, 999 believes that Western litera- jso affected by what I saw that ture died with Galsworthy and 'I considered, briefly and senti- Hemingway, and if the profes- mentally, defecting to the East, sors in your universities know where there seemed to me to better, they keep it to them- be purpose, pride, and a sense selves. Your young people are of proportion. totally ignorant of the I now realise that we were and self-criticism that goes on given IP, if not actually VIP in Europe and America. You treatment. Whisked about in feed them harmless titbits like large, antique motor cars, intro- " Oliver," " My Fair Lady," and duced to a number of gracious the " Forsyte Saga," which they and intelligent people, our con- pounce on with pathetic greed. tacts with the mundane, every- Their cultural or spiritual hun- day Russia seemed endearingly ger, which you refuse to acknow- quaint. The queues, the shoddi- ledge, leads them to pitiful ness and scarcity of goods in excesses, such as paying 100 the monolithic GUM, the poor roubles for a pair of '• blue- food and appalling service, jeans " or 150 roubles for a seemed to me, cushioned as I Paul McCartney record. was, unimportant. Unlike their parents, they You had survived the night- seem to have nothing to believe mare of Stalin, whose grave at in, nothing to fight for or that time was still a heap of against. We in the West have unmarked rubble outside the —though I believe to a lesser Kremlin wall. Though Khrush- Kosygin meets the people—on a visit to Britain degree—the same problem; but chev had been out of office then, we are decadent and our for two years, his relatively society is " hell." Your young . amiable, jocular, and tolerant in ignorance and reduce them rather fail to receive, a peonle cling to their transistor spirit still seemed to cast a to apathy. petitioner or underling. radios in the hope of hearing kind fof warmth. I have not This summer I went, with my In Intourist Service bureaus, something, anything, however changed all that much during 16-year-old son, along with at hotel reception desks, and banal, from the outside world. ' the past six years, except to countless hordes of others, from above all in restaurants, one Isn't it time you had the confi- grow older. You. on the other American psychoanalysts to begins to feel that the only way dence to open your frontiers ? hand, boast of enormous strides Japanese grocers, as an ordin- to get anyone even briefly to In your words at the 24th in the development of your ary tourist. The only slightly acknowledge one's presence is Party Congress: " We Com- country. Stalin now has his curious thing about us was that to strip off one's clothes or munists say to the working granite bust along with the we went alone, unprotected and start breaking all the china. people of the entire world that other heroes of communism. A unguided by any tour or group. Those monumental women with the welfare of the working man, considerable change has taken Also, of course, we had no man their uniformly dyed hair and the creation of .conditions for place—but is it for the better? with us to argue the hindlegs scowling faces would step over the full and all-round flowering I am not talking politics. I off Intourist officials, challenge someone having an epileptic fit, of the personality, is our main had, and have, no possible waiters to duels, or bring out and continue with their occupa- concern, our main goal." A fine excuse for the appalling atroci- inexhaustible supplies of tion of doing absolutely noth- sentiment: but you have yet ties committed both inside and roubles from his pocket. I sup- ing. You, of course, do not to show that you have the outside the USSR in the name pose I was relying on the hos- experience this. courage of your convictions. pitality and good manners that of that small, faintly jaundiced, But do you realise that This letter is censored by tidy little corpse in the Red I had encountered when I was, "Njet," when accompanied by more or less, an official visitor. nothing but the space I am Square mausoleum. My impres- a hopeless shrug and the return allowed. Thank you for the sions in 1966 were of people, This was a mistake. Lenin of a pair of glazed eyes to an Kirov ballet, for your ice and the climate of the people; distrusted Stalin for, among indecipherable ledger, means cream, for a spectacular storm what I want to say to you now, other things, his rudeness ; and far more to us than " no," in the Georgian mountains. I after three weeks in Leningrad, believe me. there is no rudeness "non," "nein," or even "nanda"; am about to send off a number Moscow, and , is to give like Russian rudeness. Of it seems to express an almost of garish postcards of Trafalgar you a personal impression. I course the foreigner tends to complete negation of life. Could Square, Piccadilly Circus, and believe, however, that it is get paranoid, and to believe it be that a great many of your Carnaby Street to some of your shared by hundreds of thous- that it is directed solely at him citizens, whom you believe you compatriots who are misguided ands of foreigners who visited because he is a capitalist swine. are inspiring with continual enough to think of these places your country this year. But I But it was Dostoievsky, in fact, reminders of your glorious past, as glamorous and inaccessible also believe that the reason who most brilliantly described simply don't care ? Could it in corners of heaven.—Yours etc., why it is not shared by millions the frustrating and humiliating fact be true that full employ- of your own countrymen and blankness with which a Russian ment and lack of competition Penelope Mortimer. women is that you keep them bureaucrat can receive, or means the death of initiative ? © Reserved THE HEW YORK TIMES, Sunday 12 .

From the NBC film, "Khrushchev In Exile" The Mew York Times/Carl Gossett The Nikita Khrushchev who sat in the garden of his country home in 1967, left, after his ouster from power, could look back to a Khrushchev who had the world agog, as when he addressed the United Nations General Assembly in I960, right.

tentials of the Soviet space ac- evitable war" between Commu- economy and science boomer- complishments that astounded nism and . He came to anged against him in two ways., . the world in the late 1950's and terms then with the reality of At home, his flamboyant pre-. ~^K early 1960's. the nuclear age, which guar- dictions about quickly surpassing. '* He was also a political adven- antees that any such thermo- American living standards roused " turer, and one of his gambles nuclear armageddon must result great expectations that were brought the world closer to in mutual suicide for all com- cruelly dashed wiien Soviet agri- thermonuclear destruction than batants, and perhaps for all man- cultural and industrial troubles • Now That it had ever been before or since. kind. brought bread lines and price in- Yet even in that terrible and To replace world war as the creases in the early 1960's. This ] potentially disastrous week of path to world Communism, Mr. public disillusionment with Mr. ! He Was the October, 1962, Cuban missile Khrushchev offered the concept Khrushchev's promises made his ; crisis, he retained enough go&d of peaceful coexistence, the com- removal welcome news for most ' judgment to work out with John plex combination of rivalry and Soviet citizens when the purge I F. Kennedy a mutually face- cooperation which has character- took place. : saving solution that ended the ized the world ever since. To Mr. But in a United States badly Among Men crisis and permitted both sides Khrushchev, a true believer if stung by chagrin over the Soviet I to claim victory. ever there was one, Soviet Com- priority in space, Mr. Khru- ' munism would win by demon- "Nikita Khrushchev did for the Mr. Khrushchev's peasant prov- shchev's boast brought a double- I strating concretely that it was barreled response. J Soviet Union and world Commu- erbs are largely forgotten now superior to capitalism. The nism what Pope John XXIII did and many of his gambles turned demonstration would come, he The economic policies of the ; for the Roman Catholic church," out badly. Nevertheless, from the thought, in the areas of econom- Kennedy and Johnson Adminis-- ! a leading Western diplomat said present perspective his stature ics and science, and he toured trations were geared to rapid [ a few months ago in discussing as a historical figure looms the world untiringly for eight economic growth and continuing ; Mr. Khrushchev's memoirs. larger than ever. years thereafter, boasting that prosperity so as to frustrate any ; Though it may seem blas- For historians in the year Soviet economic progress would chance of a Soviet economic vic- phemous to some, the comparison 2,000, Mr. Khrushchev will be re^ soon outstrip the United States tory. And the -Apollo program i is apt. Like John XXIII, Mr. membered above all for the break and pointing to the Soviet sput- was mounted in 1961 to assure \ Khrushchev, who died yesterday, with Stalinism in the mid-1950's. niks and luniks as tangible proof that the first man on the i evidently of a heart attack, Now that his successors have that Communist Soviet science would' be an American. «. J opened the windows and doors turned back the clock on some was better than capitalist Ameri- What Mr. Khrushchev thought .; j., of a petrified structure. He let of his comparatively libertarian • of the historical ironies that ,;,,•$ can science. i in fresh air and fresh ideas, pro- reforms, the sensitivity and ten- Ironically, Mr. Khrushchev's dashed so many of his dreanjs'.^•^' ducmg changes which time al- sion that surround Mr. Khru- contributions prepared the road may never be known, even^'l ready has shown are irreversible shchev's anti-Stalinism, are evi- to his own unceremonious ouster thought he lived long enough ta^p land fundamental. denced by one fact: Mr. Khru- witness the unforeseen conse^^fpp 0 in October, 1964. 1 lAt the height of his power and shchev's single most important His attack on Stalin earned quences of the policies he ha&jjjjjj^ -, influence, it was the damagogue speech is still kept secret in the him powerful enemies in the So- initiated. The'memoirs attribute&||||f i and showman in Mr. Khrushchev Soviet Union. This was the ad- viet hierarchy and aliented China, to him and published earlier this "f|j-| 'that most often attracted world dress he delivered behind closed which saw the anti-Stalin cam- year avoid this aspect of his ca- Jifv; ^attention. He had a penchant doors—and with foreign Com- paign as a covert move aimed reer. But certainly he must have ' ** """/of" earthy and colorful phrases, munists excluded—to-the Soviet against another "personality cult" known well before his death that 1 such as his pledge to remain a Community party Congress dele- —the cult of Mao Tse-tung. Thus he had been a giant among men. ] Communist until "shrimps learn gates in February, 1956, reveal- the groundwork was laid for the And he must have known, too, J: to whistle" and his denunciation ing that the man had Soviet-Chinese split that has that his status as an unperson in of his opponents as people "who been taught to worship as a god changed the entire pattern of his own land could not last long try to eat milk with a fork." He was in reality more akin to a world polities'—and that formed after his death, certainly not long struck at American insecurities devil. one of the key counts in the 1964. after the disappearance from by boasting incessantly that he And it was at the same Soviet Kremlin indictment that brought power of the men he had brought would defeat the United States party Congress 15 years ago that about the Premier's downfall. into the Kremlin and who then economically and by exploiting Mr. Khrushchev repudiated the Mr. Khrushchev's boasts about turned against him. to the hilt the propaganda po- Leninist-Stalinist dogma of "in- the superiority of the Soviet —HARRY SCHWARTZ BOSTON SUNDAY GLOBE, Sunday 12 September 1971.

z * • • ••*r.^.,. /'^v- ' t •__ : .„ -,=~ ""fc-a1.' rf&T •=••" r .'- . • lailu^.^ -•''•' 5;*"" -.' ^'-i^"* r By Merle Fainsod represented catastrophe for countless i of Khrushchev's In his days of • power, colleagues spelled opportu- He held out a vision of a Soviet 't Nikita S. Khruschev was nity for him. With every / shrewd, earthy, endowed turn of the wheel, his for- ' with boundless energy, a tunes prospered. On those society in which citizens could breathe bouncing self-confidence, rare occasions when he and a quick, if coarse, wit. . suffered a temporary set- \t He was the very epitome of back, he demonstrated a more freely, officials could exercise ', the self-made man in any remarkable resilience in society, bouncing back. He ob- initiative withou• t fearing~ the , Like most self-made- viously p o-s s e s s e d the ; men, he believed prof ound- qualities of toughness and consequences and honds between Parly ; ly that the social order? luthlessness that were re- . which nutured him and quired to maneuver one's '' conferred its highest hon- way to one of the top and people could be strengthened. 1 ors on, him was a society places in Stalin's entou- I whose values could not be rage. impugned. When a Holly- His experience until wood movie magnate cited Stalin's death was narrow- his own rise from rags to ly provincial. His adminis- riches as a symbol of the trative duties within the> opportunities that America Party provided no opportu- holds out for the lowly, nities for foreign travel Khruschev replied: and little in the way of for- eign contacts. The world "Would you like to outside the Soviet Union know what I was? I began was terra incognita, to be working when I learned to comprehended largely in walk. Till the age of 15 I terms of Marxist-Leninist tended calves, then sheep, categories. His first view of and then the landlord's the West did not come until cows. Then I worked at a he had passed his sixtieth factory owned by Germans birthday. and later in coalpits owned Yet there were elements by Frenchmen. I worked at in Khrushchev's character Belgian-owned chemical that wer-e responsive to plants, and now I am fresh experience. t He had a Prime Minister of the great pragmatiq bent for testing Soviet State." ideas by jtheir workability. In the course of his life- An avid learner in practi- time, Khruschev saw Rus- cal affairfs and a man of sia transformed from a rel- wide-ranting technical cu- atively backward country riosity, he was quite pre- 1 into one of the world's pared to porrow techniques leading industrial and mili- from the1 West when he tary powers,' and he was thought tfiey could advance understandibly proud of his own purposes. this rapid progress and his When ! Stalin died in own role in it. March 19)53, he left his suc- cessors with a host of prob- He gave every evidence lems. His impressive of believing that the Soviet achievements in forcing the Union not only embodied pace of $oviet industriali- the most progressive and zation, in! building military •T* "ri'1-', just social structure that fr:.% . power, Ejnd in expanding mankind had ever attained, the Coihmunist domain but that it was also blazing into Eastern and Central a trail into the future that Europe vfere all purchased people everywhere would at a heavy price. enthusiastically follow. Soviet | agriculture re- A man of limited formal mained • backward and 1^! education, he found his stagnant,! and the food teacher in the Communist available] to Soviet con-r Party. The Party provided sumers |was. . monotonous^, him with a view of the scarce, arid high-priced. Stalin's nhsessinn with Vol. 200, No. 56, <& 1971, Globe Newspaper Co. " SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12,-1971 50 CENTS

Stephen M. McDonough McDonough 'thought he eouhl do anything' "At modest as any true 9 athlete." Athletics was shooting suspect s whole life Football 1, 2, Northwest Ail- Star J. 4; Basketball 1, 2; Baseball 1; Track 2, 3, Co- By Bob Sales a kid who was a Little League all- ball League last season. Suddenly, all Globe Staff star, an all-league quarterback for the years of weightlifting and rigor- captain 4; Bowling Club 1; two seasons in high school, co-captain ous exercise and careful diet were Sophomore Dance Committee; FAKMINGTOlY Conn. — The saga of the track team. wasted. Suddenly, he was a failure as Student Council Representa- of Stephen McDonough is an Ameri- an athlete. tive 2 can dream gone sour, the story of an "He had tremendous confidence," outstanding high school athlete who recalled a football, teammate at Far- "He usually succeeded in what he School would be great if it tried," said his father, John McDon- consisted of sports; leader of wasn't good enough. It is the tale of a mington High School. "He thought he kid who decided at age 11 that he could do anything. And he really ough, superintendent of schools in The Men"; .finds push-ups wanted to grow up to be a profession- could." tliis middle-class suburb of 15,000. not too difficult; F.H.S. loses al football player and found out at ''Things probably came too easy, for great football player. He couldn't make the grade with age 22 that his career was over before the Montreal Alouettes of the Cana- him. Most people have to learn the it started. value of patience." McDONOUGH IN I960 HIGH SCHOOL YEARBOOK dian Football-League or the Bridge- . . . AND TODAY. If is the story of a natural athlete, port Jets of the Atlantic Coast Foot- McDONOUGH, Page 24

Neighborhood polls rees.

Th,- (ilcbr rcccnllv concluded a By Harry Trimborn jrr/'r.r of polls tij Boston's neighbor- Times Khritshehc:- couldn't iltlfill the ex- HIS WORDS hoods' rims oj ri'/y problems. pectations hr aroused in Ihe' Soriel MOSCOW — Nikita S. Khrush- people, and that may ha-,'e been his WERE BLUNT .SVrfTfl/ overall conclusions were chev, the swashbuckling former So- greatest failure. Storv. Page 2. Other reached. The folloii'iug presents these, viet premier who debunked Stalin, slorics. Pai/es .', 30, 31. "When you lose your head, and a chart breaks down the problems triggered the 1962 Cuban missile cri- you don't cry over your hair," people considered "very serious". sis, 'then vanished into obscurity seven years ago, died yesterday. He backward land, Nikila Sergeyevich lie once said. was 77. Khrushchev became the leader of one ' " Boston is a city of little cities, its 1 Reliable sources said Khrushchev of the two greatest nations in the To a reporter who asked if ,jisighborhoods. They are varied in its world, but he died in official dishon- attitudes, needs and problems. died quietly at -noon in the Kremlin he liked to fish: "Can you imag- hospital of a "massive heart attack." or, the victim of a coup in October ine a man of my temperament As different as Boston's neighbor- 'With him at the pnd were his wife, 1964, writes Stephen S. Rosen feld of the Washington Post. standing there Ijke a damned hoods might appeal1, a Becker Re- his. .•daugh't'er, Bada, and the family physician. fool waiting for the fish tq bite?" search Corp. poll, conducted in July If! his decacle of Kemlin. steward- i was; no- :ofneial confirma- ship, he nursed the Soviet Unipn for The 'Globe, has .shown that they To Western diplomats at a ic- share common concerns — wlu'le har- tion of the death -of the former pre- towards effective nuclear equality mier.. Both the. Soviet news ..agency with the Unites States and set out-to ception: *"." boring some very individual outlooks. Tass and , ^the^. government fit Soviet pplicv_^to the new goyiet : With the exception of Roxbury, at y%ws'papgr,:..i eManie1|,': silent on the power."Thjougn'a. s&ies.'oi r/iimblng - -si epdrt.-So did radio and television. crises in Berlin and Cuba, his moves To correspondents in-.Yugos.*' least half the people polled in every and the American responses pro- slavia: "If anyone believes our major section of the city rated prop- United Press International quoted duced an uneasy but real conviction smiles involve the abandonment"1" . neigfipornoocis. Tiiey are varied in its died quietly at'iiobn in the. Kremlin world, but he died in official dishon- lie liked, to fish: "Can .you iniag- altitudes, needs and problems. or, the victim of a coup in October hospital of a "massive heart attack." ine a njau qf. my, _- teinpjjrament As different as Boston's neighbor- With liim at.theveiid-were -his^wife, 1964, writes Stephen S. Rosenfeld of Mna, his daughter. Rada, and the the Washington Post. stan(Iuig?;fliejje: JjkV. .'a.' damned hoods might appear, a Becker Re- tool waii- - j bite?"" search Corp. poll, conducted in July family physician. . In his decade of Kemlin steward- for The:Globe,.has .sho-iyn.tHat they There was no .official confirma- ship, he nursed the Soviet Union share common concerns —..while har- tion of the death-.of the former pre- towards effective nuclear equality To Western, diplomats at a le-' mier. Both the Soviet'news agency with the United States and set out to boring some very -individual outlooks. Tass and Izvestia, ..jthe^ government fit Soviet policy to the new Soviet With the exception'Of Roxbury, at nev spaper,' remained, silent 'on the power. Through a series of numbing J-eport. So did radio and .television. crises in Berlin and Cuba, his moves To correspondents[in-. Yugo:; •-' *"- least half the people polled in every and the American responses pro- slavia: "If anyone believes our major section of the city rated prop- United Press International quoted duced an uneasy but real conviction friends as saying' Khrushchev would smiles involve the' alb.aritloiflneht''""""' erty taxes as a very serious problem. that no dispute between Russia and of the teachings of Marx, E\igels be buried at noon tomorrow in Mos- America could justify war. Citywide, 56 percent rated taxes as cow's , which and Lenin, he deceives jbimself very serious, placing the topic at the ranks second in prestige to the Krem- An even more historic achieve- badly. Tno'se who whit for that top of the list. lin, the resting place of Soviet heroes. ment to his own people, perhaps, was will wait ulliil. the slitiihpi:learns that he took terror out of their daily to whistle.-**'' Some neighborhoods have special Without an official announce- lives. Through his assault on Stalin difficulties they considered more se- ment, few Russians, learned of Khrushchev's death. Those contacted and the deadliest features of Stalin- rious than anything else, but. which by Western newsmen expressed sur- ism, he transformed the basis of Seeking expanded trade from were of less importance elsewhere in. prise, and offered such comments as Communist rule and the quality of the British: "We want to buy the city. "It's a pity" or "Too bad," with little life in the Soviet Union. your ships and you offer us her- Some 83 percent of East Boston show of emotion. His formal power, often belied by rings and crabs." residents — the highest percentage It was much like the reaction his gnomish appearance and peasant figures tallied in the polls — consid- when Khrushchev was, with stunning earthiness, lay in being chief execu- To a Soviet journalistic con- , l ered air and noise pollution from Lo- surprise, ousted ;fi'om power seven tive officer of both the ruling Com- gress, 1959: "There is no point " gan Ail-port a very serious problem. years ago. . .- munist Party and the government N1KITA KHRUSHCHEV IN WASHINGTON DURING 1959 US VISIT. (AP) burning down the house to get rid Jf NEIGHBORHOOD, Page 18 Born the son/of a peasant in a KHRUSHCHEV, Page 31 of the bedbugs." §

_—aa&fi .assf**"**^^ The Boston election scene: / j *-""- important lessons Small turnout for candidates © School committees may lose power @^JBusing in Boston is easier said than done

"'By Christopher Wallace Day Hicks, Councilman Joseph F. By Michael Kenncy — was tiie case ruled on by the Cali- By Nina McCain area immediately around the new "Gl'pbe Staff Timilty and John E. Powers Jr. — Globe Staff fornia Supreme 'Court, threatening a Globe Staff school. constitutional upheaval similar to Boston City Councilman Thomas appeared at a forum in Copley Because the parents of John that caused by thejfinal US Supreme For the first time last week Bos- At week's end, prospects for , a I. Atkins focused his campaign for square. Only incumbent Mayor Kevin Serrano Jr., a 12-year-old school- Court decision on the "one-man, ton felt the full impact of the state's"' balanced Lee School were not en- couraging. The handsome $8 million ] inayoi in the city's black neighbor- H. White was absent. boy in Los Angeles County thought one-vote" legislative reapportion- racial imbalance law. hoods yesterday. ment cases of thetearly '60s. school with its carpeted classrooms, The Atkins motorcade, including his public school was a victim theater and swimming pool had 174 Public response was small to about 20 automobiles and a steel of economic discrimination, Mas- Attorneys for the Serranos and Six years after the law was white and 691 black children. The events that had been billed as "a band, wound through the streets of sachusetts' local school committees parents of other Los Angeles school adopted, Boston attempted to racially number of white children had in- massive rally and motorcade." Roxbury and North Dorchester. It may have to give up their traditional children who were plaintiffs in the balance the new Joseph Lee School in creased by about 25 each day, but was greeted by only normal Satur- responsibility for public educaton. suit argued that schools' traditional Dorchester by assigning some white there was still a long way to go to ,., .Earlier in the day, Atkins and four day afternoon traffic. reliance for revenue on the local students away from their traditional match the number of black children. other mayoral candidates —-Council- Serrano vs. Priest — Ivy Bflker neighborhood schools and excluding man John L. Saltonstall, Rep. Louise FORUM, Page 13 Priest, the California stale treasurer SCHOOL TAX, Page 64 some black children who live in the SCHOOLS, Page 64

arrives post-freeze at . prison.

United I ATT] leader I riot-torr, Facility tering I. were bio ations to Seale stalled 1 the superiority of the So- Communism. These were j By Merle Fainsod represented catastrophe for chev's career, fortune countless of Khrushchev's seemed to be smiling at viet system, and exploiting welcomed by the benefi- ! In his days of power, colleagues spelled opportu- He held out a vision of a Soviet him. He had rid himself of the weaknesses of the non- ciaries, but they still fell . Nikita S. Khruschev was nity for him. With every his Presidium opponents Communist world in order far short of the need and . simply sharpened the de- ' shrewd, earthy, endowed turn of the wheel, his for- and his position as Party to win Communist victories with boundless energy, a tunes prospered. On those society in which citizens could breathe leader appeared to be within the framework of mand for more. Khrushr chev's de-Stalinization bouncing self-confidence, rare occasions when he unassailable. He had sur- "peaceful coexistence." and a quick, if coarse, wit. suffered a temporary set- . mounted the crisis in East- The Chinese saw their program evoked wide- He was the very epitome of more freely, officials could exercise ern Europe, and the fer- problems in different and spread popular support, back, he demonstrated a but it, too, posed its prob- the self-made man in any remarkable resilience in ment among Soviet youth more urgent terms. lems, of which one of the society. bouncing back. He ob- and intellectuals gave The most compelling initiative without fearing the most delicate was Khrush- . viously possessed the every outward appearance reasons for Khrushchev to Like most self-made of having subsided. chev's own involvement in men, he believed profound- qualities of toughness and seek a detente with the ruthlessness that were re- consequences and bonds between Parly Most important of all, he West had their origins in Stalin's crimes. ly that the social order now treated the world to a which nutured him and quired to maneuver one's domestic strains and dif- The flood of disillusion- way to one of the top startling demonstration of ficulties. Khrushchev's de- ment, criticism, and airing conferred its highest hon- and people could be strengthened. Soviet technological ad- ors on him was a society places in Stalin's entou- cision to provide more of grievances that de- rage. vances. On October 4, 1957, food, consumer goods, and Stalinization released whose values could not be the Russians launched the impugned. When a Holly- His experience until housing whetted the appe- threatened for a time -to first space satellite, Sput- wood movie magnate cited Stalin's death was narrow- tite of the Soviet populace pass out of control. nik I. This dramatic devel- his own rise from rags to ly provincial. His adminis- but did not satisfy it. Through Khrushchev man- riches as a symbol of the trative duties within the opment lifted Khrush- While Khrushchev could aged to contain its domestic chev's prestige to new opportunities that America Party provided no opportu- readily understand the im- manifestations, the restric- holds out for the lowly, nities for foreign travel heights. portance of scientific pi- tions that he imposed no Khruschev replied: and little in the way of for- Despite undoubted in- oneering and experiment creative freedom and the. eign contacts. The world dustrial progress and dra- in promoting the growth of repressive measures he in- "Would you like to outside the Soviet Union matic space achievements, Soviet power, he was far voked to enforce them know what I was? I began was terra incognita, to be there were limits to the less sympathetic to innova- alienated some of the most working when I learned .J;o comprehended largely in pressure that Moscow tions in the arts and litera- talented voices in the walk. Till the age of 15 I terms of Marxist-Leninist could apply on the West. ture that were stimulated left a residue of smoldering tended calves, then sheep, categories. His first view of The United States was still by his own de-Stalinizalion resentment that he was and then the landlord's the West did not come until a f o r m i d..aJ3 le nuclear program. powerless to stamp out. cows. Then I worked at a he had passed his sixtieth power with, larger re- His hostility to artistic factory owned by Germans birthday. sources than the Soviet In domestic 'affairs and later in coalpits owned innovation and experiment Khrushchev suffered the Yet there were elements Union, and any confronta- was deep-seated and per- by Frenchmen. I worked at in Khrushchev's character tion that imperiled vital fate of many essentially sonal. Abstract art, atonal conservative figures who Belgian-owned chemical that were responsive to American interests raised plants, and now I am music, obscure poetry, and undertake to build a bridge fresh experience. He had a the danger of a nuclear symbol-ridden prose baf- Prime Minister of the great pragmatic bent for testing holocaust with disastrous from the old to the new. As Soviet State." fled and angered him. A the limits within which he. ideas by their workability. consequences for both man of plebian tastes, he sides. was prepared to tolerate In the course of his life- An avid learner in practi- believed that art should change became apparent, cal affairs and a man of But an easing of rela- time, Khruschev saw Rus- minister to the needs of the his reputation as an inno- sia transformed from a rel- wide-ranging technical cu- tions with the United masses, that paintings and States opened up tempting vator dimmed. His early atively backward country riosity, he was quite pre- sculpture should be re- accomplishments and bold pared to borrow techniques perspectives of more rapid into one of the world's initiatives tended to be leading industrial and mili- from the West when he taken for granted and for- thought they could advance tary powers, and he was stood and that literature gotten, and he found him-' understandibly proud of his own purposes. celerated economic devel- should carry a social mes- opment, A real detente self increasingly measured this rapid progress and his When Stalin died in sage. by the expectations that he March 1953, he left his suc- with the West, however, own role in it. Despite Khrushchev's had aroused and failed to . cessors with a host of prob- could only be acheived at repudiation of the Stalinist He gave every evidence lems. His impressive the price of accepting the fulfill. of believing that the Soviet legacy of terror, the model achievements in forcing the status quo in world affairs he held out for Soviet soci- The announcement in Union not only embodied and forgoing opportunities pace of Soviet industriali- ety was no Liberty Hall the Soviet press on Q.ct.y_... the most progressive and zation, in building military for revolutionary advances, 16, 1964, that the CenttgO]y just social structure that where individualism would power, and in expanding at least for the moment. run rampant. Even when Committee of the Party^ mankind had ever attained, the Communist domain However'expedient such a had met two days earlijij?;;j; but that it was also blazing Communism was fully into Eastern and Central ™ course of action might ap- realized, he reminded his and "granted" Khrus'fiS;?? a trail into the future that pear from Khrushchev's Europe were all purchased countrymen, the Soviet chev's request that "he ..be" people everywhere would at a heavy price. ^ . point of view, it held out released" from his enthusiastically follow. Union would remain a Soviet agriculture re- l^dangers ,for Soviet rela- highly organized, planned, responsibilities "in view of :|p£&qfis;:;wittL .-its Dallies =in /the A man of limited formal mained backward and .and disciplined society in his advanced age and dete- stagnant, and the food , |p^^' ; :;i -'•''' •Tne^frrKin'dicii^raffroff world that confirmed his - a "'hive'r-make' his own con- the development of heavy NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV — A MAN OF MlJftT E : 1 Khrushchev,- which ap- own experience, and its c'HTOfWig ht' 5b"e1>"foI'c'ed " to' tribution to increasing the industry meant that light peared in Pravda on Qet! simple tenets were endless- .:..."%£>,: • . ' • ?:%•'• imppse brakes on the revo- material and spiritual 17, 1964, listed among his industry was ignored, and ...:,i.'T.'-.'-sJ ,-jiJi' •, •• !&••- iutionfiry enthusiasm of ly reiterated in his U wealth of society. "sins" (without using .Mis shortages of; consumer domestic policy. Here, too, sures of his .terrorist |mgi|£gfeviet $S |hf«';eSriiinUfnst'p'aVties anxious speeches. ; : This beehive analogy, to goods and ^ housing %ere crimes. What! ins^ir.eH irferfr[erite|s'tirred |f.$(£.'-vt ^. .img^nmight. thuWAUOs 'ftute inain,w».-n-maneuvere~d taught him) is a system of The system of terror on portunism. Above all, it Pandora's box'is still open ' irife'cted,wide circles of the .,, into a position where he on several occasions, offers clusions and hasty deci- a .strikine insieht into his sions and actions divorced. leading industrial and mili- from the West when he improvement in the Soviet should be easily under- taken for granted and for- tary powers, and he was thought they could advance standard of living and ac- stood and that literature underslandibly proud of his own purposes. celerated economic devel- gotten, and he found him-' should carry a social mes- self increasingly measured ' this rapid progress and his When Stalin died in opment. A real detente sage. March 1953, he left his suc- by the expectations that lie own role in it. with the West, however, Despite Khrushchev's cessors with a host of prob- had aroused and failed to could only be acheived at repudiation of the Stalinist He gave every evidence lems. His impressive the price of accepting the fulfill. of believing that the Soviet achievements in forcing the status quo in world affairs legacy of terror, the model Union not only embodied be held out for Soviet soci- The announcement . -in pace of Soviet industriali- and forgoing opportunities the Soviet press on Qct S, the most progressive and zation, in building military for revolutionary advances, ety was no Liberty Hall f just social structure that where individualism would 16, 1964, that the Cenjriilgl power, and in expanding at least for the moment, Committee of the Partyjj' mankind had ever attained, the Communist domain However • expedient such a' run rampant. Even when but that it was also blazing Communism was fully had met two days earlie^' into Eastern and Central course of action might ap- and "granted" Khrusrife a trail into the future that Europe were all purchased pear from Khrushchev's realized, he reminded his countrymen, the Soviet chev's request that "he be people everywhere would at a heavy price. point of view, it held out enthusiastically follow. Union would remain a released" from his Soviet agriculture re- dangers for Soviet rela- responsibilities "in view of mained backward and highly organized, planned, A man of limited formal tions with its allies in the and disciplined society in his advanced age and dete- stagnant, and the food world Communist move- education, he found his which the Party would re- rioration in the state of his teacher in the Communist available to Soviet con- merit. It subordinated their health" obviously could not sumers was monotonous, interests to those'of the So- tain its leading role. In Party. The Party provided Khrushchev's words, "Each be taken at face value. .. scarce, and high-priced. viet Union. him with a view o£ the person must, like a bee in world that confirmed his Stalin's obsession with It meant that 'Khrush- The first indictment of the development of heavy NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV — A MAN OF M &NY HATS. |UPI) a hive, make his own con- Khrushchev, which ap- own experience, and its chev might be forced to tribution to increasing the simple tenets were endless- industry meant that light impose brakes on the revo- peared in Pravda on Oct. industry was ignored, and material and spiritual 17, 1964, listed among his ly reiterated in his lutionary enthusiasm of wealth of society. speeches. shortages of consumer domestic policy. Here, too, sures of h.is terrorist •in. ;tHs,;:§|viet Unijjn, -trfei Communist parties anxious "sins" (without using his goods and housing were his style was characterized crimes. What-- inspired •fefmetff./iij'stirred ft. igp-'.- 'ijyfe to- 'come to power, and This beehive analogy, to name): "harebrained Capitalism (the party acute and widespread. by boldness as well as op- Khrushchev to open this Khrushchev's speeffi secret j might thus 'be maneuvered which Khrushchev reverted schemes; half-baited con- taught him) is a system of The system of terror on on several occasions, offers clusions and hasty deci- portunism. Above all, it Pandora's box is still open infected wide circles of the't into a position where he exploitation whose days which Stalin relied to pro- was marked by a willing- to debate, but in repudiat- intelligentsia and student' could be accused of betray- a striking insight into his sions and actions divorced are numbered. Commu- tect his own security and to ness to experiment and to ing Stalin's terrorist prac- youth and inspired a pro- ing -the .'' revolutionary conception of society as a from reality; bragging and. productive enterprise to nism represents the wave enforce his regime of dep- strike out in new directions tices, he in effect offered test literature that went . cause. • bluster; attraction, to rule' of the future because it is a rivation and sacrifice had without necessarily calcu- his personal guarantee that beyond denunciations of Khrushchev's tendency which all other purposes by fiat; unwillingness to superior social and eco- its debilitating effects. It lating or anticipating the he would not repeat them. Stalin to criticism of the to put Soviet interests in must be made subordinate. take into account what nomic system that frees the bred a cowed and submiss- costs and consequences. More positively, he held Soviet system itself. the forefront was most What most sharply dis- science and practical expe- masses from exploitation tinguished Khrushchev rience have already discov- ive populace for whom the Khrushchev sought to out a vision of a Soviet so- Discontent within the clearly evident in the and promotes the well- from Stalin was his appar- ered." regime was "they" and not create an image of himself ciety in which citizens Communist world assumed Sino-Soviet dispute. Faced being and happiness of "all "we." ently sincere failth that a as a man of peace, and he could breathe more freely, proportions serious enough with a choice between pro- Yet it would be less than mankind. Khrushchev's role in the officials could exercise ini- to threaten the Soviet hold viding massive economic society of the Soviet type i moved toward an easing of could be governed without fair to rest an appraisal of ' The Communist Party, period immediately fol- relations with the West. tiative without fearing the over Eastern Europe. The and military assistance to the Khrushchev era on the lowing Stalin's death is not consequences, and bonds gathering unrest came to a the Chinese'tommunists or reliance on large-scale re- which led the working The conclusion of the Aus- pression. This populist bias, criticisms of his sucessors. clear; such evidence as we trian state Treaty in May between Party and people climax in October 1956, concentrating his resources class of old Russia to victo- if it can be called that, ex- ry, provides a pattern of have derives from him, and 1955 put an end to the oc- could be strengthened. when large contingents of on the development of the One of the keys to an unr he was not an altogether cupation regime in The refurbished image Soviet troops had to be homeland, Khrushchev un- pressed itself in many di- derstanding of Khrushche- organization and leader- rections. It was implicit in ship which alone can guar- unbiased witness. and adopted a formula for that Khrushchev held out rushed into to hesitatingly opted for the vism lies in Khrushchev's At the September 1953 neutralizalion of that coun- to his own people had its suppress a revolution in latter. his constant reaching out conclusion that the aspira^i antee the triumph of Com- for grass-roots support and munism on a world scale. session of the Central Com- try. It marked the first sig- counterpart in a series of which native Communists Fearing that the Chinese tions of the rank-and-file' were leading workers into in the obvious satisfaction Soviet worker and.fanner; For Khrushchev these mittee of the Communist nificant withdrawal of So- ideological innovations de- might embroil him in an signed to make Commu- battle against the Soviet undesired war with the he derived from contact could not be ignored. Un-' : propositions were sacred Party he was elected First viet power in Europe. : Secretary. A speech he de- Against this background nism more attractive and Union. West, he denied them nu- with people in his frequent willing as he was to • par.t . and unassailable. As a acceptable abroad. The peregrinations through the with substantive authority, worker in Czarist Russia he livered on September 3 on of a negotiated settlement, The bloody repression in clear weapons'.. and gave the agricultural situation Khrushchev met with Ei- doctrine that Lenin had Hungary and the reimposi them only token^ support in Soviet hinterland. he recognized that there" experienced exploitation. formulated and Stalin re- Khrushchev obviously were grievances to be re- Recruited by the Party in represented his first inde- senhower at the tion nf cultural curbs with- their campaign. against the iterated — that • war be- envisaged wider mass par- paired. His decisions to... 1918, he fought hi the pendent pronouncement in summit, meeting of July in the Soviet Union in Nationalist Chinese regime 1955. "The spirit of Gene- tween the Soviet Union ticipation in public affairs, mitigate Stalin's terror and;, ranks of the the six months since'Stal- reaction to the revolt on . Concerned to va," as it came to be called, and the capitalist world maintain good; relations but he made it clear that to provide greater benefits •< during the Civil War, in's death. served to tarnish the image provided Khrushchev with was inevitable — was now with the nonajigned na- such participation would for the Soviet people rep- helped drive the whites out The speech contained a of Khruschev as the great a useful symbol of his amended to read that tions, he refused to back be subject to strong Party resented an effort to estabr , of Russia, and shared the blunt and even sensational liberalizer, and his prestige peace-seeking proclivities. peaceful coexistence" was the Chinese in their border lish his Communist regini'e exhilaration of victory in acknowledgment of the se- declined sharply. guidance. While the new dynam- possible. conflict with India. His attempt to square the on a more rational, effi- the face of apparently riousness of the agricultur- In May 1957, Khrush- ism in Soviet foreign policy The de-Stalinization Khrushchev sought political circle .took the cient and popular basis. hopeless odds. His rapid al crisis that the new col- chev's opponents mobilized lective leadership had in- reflected the Khrushchev- campaign and the ideologi- a seven-lo-four majority vainly to persuade the Chi- form of combining the ap- rise in the party hierarchy ian touch, it remained for cal reformulations pearance of popular control during the next decades herited from Stalin. There against him in the ruling nese to stop attacking on was a quality of frankness the Twentieth Party Con- launched by Khrushchev at Presidium and confronted the Soviet. leadership. 'with the reality of Party Cleric Famsod is the only served to reinforce his gress, held in February the Twentieth Party Con- When this failed, he moved rule. The thrust of his Car! H. Pforslieiiucr Uni- • faith in the Communist in Khrushchev's speech him with a demand for his 1956, to define the content gress were intended both to in the early to solidi- major institutional reforms cause. that was novel. In essence, resignation. But Khrush- i'crsity Professor at Har- he argued that Soviet agri- of what has since come to broaden the appeal of the chev transferred the strug- fy his own ranks and ex- was to strengthen Party di- vard and the past director, As one of Stalin's lieu- cultural productivity could be described as Khruschev- Communist movement and gle to the Central Commit- communicate the Chinese rection in every walk of of the university's Russian . tenants, he was chained to not be raised unless addi- ism. to strengthen Khrushchev's tee, a larger body where and their allies as heretics Soviet life. a jealous master who de- tional incentives were of- The high spot of the own position within it. In his supporters were firmly who had broken away from Reductions in working Research. Center. This ar-^~ manded unquestioning fered to the collective Congress was the "secret any event, they came close entrenched, and turned the the true faith. hours, larger social securi- tide is taken fromr a '; 'i obedience and obsequious- farmers. speech" in which Khrush- to destroying Khrushchev, tables on his opponents. He Khrushchev saw his ty benefits, and the in- manuscript entitled "' ness from all who served His propensity for bold chev combined a wide- releasing divisive forces emerged from this 1957 main tasks as those of creased availability of con- "" which . him. ranging condemnation of within the Communist power struggle stronger building, up Soviet power, sumer goods and housing and daring ventures be- was published by the Stan- .. The Stalinist purges that came more clearly manifest Stalin's methods of rule world that have not yet than ever. minimizing the risks of nu- gave content to Khrush- in early 1954, when he ob- with sensational disclo- run their full course. With- At this stage of Khrush- clear war, demonstrating chev's blueprint of welfare jord University Press. tained the approval of the Central Committee for his virgin-lands program. De- signed to obtain a vast in- crease in grain output with minimal capital invest- costs and consequences. More positively, he ;held Soviet system itself. the forefront was most What most sharply dis- science and practical expe-"' masses . from exploitation ive populace for whom the out a vision of a Soviet so- Discontent within the clearly evident in the tinguished Khrushchev rience have already disoov* • and promotes the well- Khrushchev sought to regime was "they" and not create an image of himself ciety in which citizens Communist world 'assumed Sino-Soviet dispute. .Faced from Stalin was his appar- ered." being and happiness of all "we." could breathe more freely, proportions serious enough with a choice between pro- ently sincere failth that a mankind. as a man of peace, and he Yet it would be less, than]; Khrushchev's role in the moved toward an easing of officials could exercise ;ini- to threaten the Soviet hold viding massive- economic society of the Soviet type period immediately fol- could be governed without fair to rest an appraisal of The Communist Party, relations with the West. tiative without fearing .the over Eastern Europe. The and military assistance to the Khrushchev era on -the lowing Stalin's death is not consequences, and bonds gathering unrest came ,to a the Chinese Communists or reliance on large-scale re- which led the working The conclusion o£ the Aus- pression. This populist bias, criticisms of his sucessors. class of old Russia to victo- clear; such evidence as we trian state Treaty in May between Party and people climax in October. 1956, concentrating his resources ry, provides a pattern of have derives from him, and 1955 put an end to the oc- could be strengthened. when large contingents of on the development of the if it can be called that, ex- One of the keys to an un* organization and leader- he was not an altogether cupation regime in Austria The refurbished image Soviet troops had to be 'homeland, Khrushchev un- pressed itself in many di- derstariding of Khrushche- ship which alone can guar- unbiased witness. and adopted a formula for that Khrushchev held out rushed into Hungary to hesitatingly opted for the rections. It was implicit in vism lies in Khrushchev's antee the triumph of Com- At the September 1953 neutralization of that coun- to his own people had its suppress a revolution in latter. his constant reaching out conclusion that the aspira- , munism on a world scale. session of the Central Com- try. It marked the first sig- counterpart in a series of which native Communists Fearing that the Chinese for grass-roots support and tions of' the' rank-sand-file- in the obvious satisfaction For Khrushchev these mittee of the Communist nificant withdrawal of So- ideological innovations de- were leading workers into might embr.oil him in an Soviet worker and farmer Party he was elected First viet power in Europe. signed to make Commu- battle against the Soviet undesired war with the he derived from contact could 'not be ignored Un- -, propositions were sacred with people in his frequent and unassailable. As a Secretary. A speech he de- Against this background nism more attractive and Union. West, he denied them nu- willing as he was to part' ^ livered on September 3 on of a negotiated settlement, acceptable abroad. The The bloody repression in clear weapons'. and gave peregrinations through the- with substantive authority worker in Czarist Russia he Soviet hinterland. experienced exploitation. the agricultural situation Khrushchev met with Ei- doctrine that Lenin had Hungary and the reirnposi them only token; support in he recognized that there Recruited by the Party in represented his first inde- senhower at the Geneva formulated and Stalin re- tion -of cultural curbs with- their campaign.against the Khrushchev obviously were grievances to be re-' pendent pronouncement in summiti meeting of July iterated — that 'war be- Nationalist Chinese regime envisaged wider mass par- paired. His decisions to,' , 1918, he fought in the ! in the Soviet Union in 1 ranks of the Red Avmy the six months since Stal- 1955. "The spirit of Gene- tween the Soviet Union reaction to the revolt on Taiwan. Concerned to ticipation in public affairs, mitigate Stalin's terror and» in's death. va," as it came to be called, and the capitalist world maintain good;! relations but he made it clear that to provide greater benefits % during the Civil War, served to tarnish the image 1 helped drive the whites out The speech contained a provided Khrushchev with was inevitable — was now of Khruschev as the great with the nonaligned na- such participation would for the Soviet people rep -- of Russia, and shared the blunt and even sensational a useful symbol of his amended to read that liberalizer, and his prestige tions, he refused to back be subject to strong Party resented an effort to estabp exhilaration of victory in acknowledgment of the se- peace-seeking proclivities. peaceful coexistence" was declined sharply. the Chinese in their border guidance. lish his Communist regime riousness of the agricultur- While the new dynam- possible. In May 1957, Khrush- conflict with India. His attempt to square the on a more rational effi the face of apparently ism in Soviet foreign policy hopeless odds. His rapid al crisis that the new col- The de-Stalinization chev's opponents mobilized Khrushchev sought political circle .took the cient and popular basis. lective leadership had in- reflected the Khrushchev- campaign and the ideologi- a seven-to-four majority vainly to persuade the Chi- form of combining the ap- rise in the party hierarchy ian touch, it remained for cal r ef ormula-tions during the next decades herited from Stalin. There against him in the ruling nese to stop attacking on pearance of popular control was a quality of frankness the Twentieth Party Con- launched by Khrushchev at Presidium and confronted the Soviet, leadership. with the reality of Party Merle Foinsod is the only served to reinforce his gress, held in February ' faith in the Communist in Khrushchev's speech the Twentieth Party Con- him with a demand for his When this failed, he moved rule. The thrust of his Carl H. Pforsheimct Uni r, that was novel. In essence, 1956, to define the content gress were inteiided_bpth to resignation. But Khrush- in the early 1960s to solidi- major institutional reforms •i'ersity Professor at Har- cause, of what has since come to broaden the appeal'of the he argued that Soviet agri- chev transferred the strug- fy his own ranks and ex- was to strengthen Party di- vard and the past director ^ As one of Stalin's lieu- cultural productivity could be described as Khruschev- Communist movement and gle to the Central Commit- communicate the Chinese rection in every . walk of tenants, he was chained to not be raised unless addi- ism. to strengthen Khrushchev's tee, a larger body where and their allies as heretics Soviet life.1 of thcjmiversity's Russian ^ a jealous master who de- tional incentives were of- The high spot of the own position within it. In his supporters were firmly who had broken away from Reductions in working Research Center. This or- f\ manded unquestioning fered to the collective Congress was the "secret any event, they came- close entrenched, and turned the the true faith. hours, larger social securi- tide is taken from ^ a,J < ' obedience and obsequious,- farmers. speech," in which Khrush- to destroying Khrushchev, tables on his opponents. He Khrushchev saw his ty benefits, and the in- ness from all who served manuscript entitled ~t His propensity for bold chev combined a wide- releasing divisive" forces emerged from this 1957 main' tasks as those of creased availability of con- "Kliriishchevism" w Ji i c'lt him. ; and daring ventures be- ranging condemnation of within the Communist power struggle stronger building .up^Soviet power, sumer goods and housing i The Stalinist purges that came more clearly manifest Stalin's methods of rule world that have not yet than ever. minimizing the risks of nu- gave content to Khrush- TOIW published by the Stan- in early 1954, when he ob- with sensational disclo- run their full course. With- At this stage of Khrush- clear war, demonstrating chev's blueprint of welfare ford University Press. 'tained the approval of the Central Committee for his virgin-lands program. De- signed to obtain a vast in- crease in grain output with minimal capital invest- ment, its success hinged on favorable weather in areas where drought and short growing seasons were en- demic. He was gambling his po- litical future on harvests that might not materialize. Yet fortune again favored him, and his power and prestige mounted as these virgin lands produced bountiful harvests. With the downgrading of his rival Georgi Malenkov, in February 1955, Khrush- chev's field of maneuver widened, and he began to place his own personal stamp on foreign as well as THE NEW YOBK TIMES, Sunday 12 September 1971. Khrushchev !! Nikita Khrushchev died a second time yesterday, first, a political death, took place in 1964 when he was; unceremoniously ousted-from power, plunging overnight' from the status of one of the world's key leaders to unperson in the land he had .ruled. His continued disgrace seven years later was emphasized by the fact that most Soviet citizens first learned of his passing from broad- casts to the Soviet Union by Radio Liberty and other foreign transmitters. Yet the petty yengefulness of the present Kremlin rulers, many of whom were originally his protege's, can- not obscure the fact that Krushchev was a giant in Soviet and world history. A complex and colorful figure, he must rank with Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin in any honest account of Soviet history. Indeed, on many counts, he deserves -recognition as a more positive and attractive leader than any of the other three. This peasant boy who became the Czar of Communist Russia left a lasting im- press on his nation and the world. His greatest accomplishment was the break with Stalin and Stalinism. In 1956 and 1961, his blows to the Stalin cult were so effective that even the strong Stalin- ist forces now in the Kremlin have found it impossible to turn back the Soviet clock completely, although the. Soviet Union has retrogressed significantly from the peak '' :6f Khrushchevian . He was not a believer in; • free 'speech and other civil rights as the West ufider-1 ^stands those concepts, but he appreciated that no great?? ''nation could continue to live in the Stalinist atmosphere i of terror and lies, . •" -; .'... . And it was Krushchev, too, who made Soviet ideology:: .come to terms with the facts of the thermonuclear era. ' .tvBy declaring that war between Communism and capital- '•( .•ism,was not "a fatal inevitability,",he reversed a funda- mental tenet of Leninist theology. His understanding 'of "the suicidal potentialities of .nuclear war helped avoid • disaster when the United States discovered his effort to install Soviet missiles in Cuba. At the time he was purged, the Soviet press was full / of accusations about his "subjectivism" and "hair- brained scheming." It is true that many of his historic gambles—the Cuban venture and the gigantic corn-plant- ing scheme that sought to transform Soviet agriculture —were poorly conceived and boomeranged. Yet, much of the fault lay in the totalitarian nature of the Soviet system, which permitted Khrushchev to embark upon these amd other rash gambles without adequate debate. Ironically, it was an effort to sound out West Germany on detente—by dispatching his journalist son-in-law there—that may have triggered his ouster. Yet Russia's new rulers have gone much further now in their treaty with Bonn and the new four-power agreement on Berlin, which Khrushchev for three years attempted to prise out; of'Western control by threat, bluster and military!

•Miilt is not surprising, to view of his own Horatio Alger-,.j| . like .career, that Khrushchev believed his own frequent4]| i-bjoast that Soviet superiority would'permit a Communist '|jj iriumph over the United; States. Yet it may be suspected " "ithat this very intelligent man eventually came to |sp.me doubts on this scare. Last year, for example, "thus .year which he predicted a decade ago would see thefiii Soviet living, standard surpass that of the United States. '''' The reality, of course, was quite different. Even in space, where'Soviet science won Khrushchev his greatest prop- aganda victories, the present perspective shows that Khrushchev's taunts served, chiefly to spur the United States to be first in sending men to the moon. In both his accomplishments and his failures, Nikita Khrushchev was a giant. In different times and different areas, he was both this nation's friend and its enemy. Yet now, conscious of the years h^ spent in disgrace and loneliness, many here :and around the world will mourn his passing, it is sad that Soviet leaders could not find the vision yesterday to surround the announce- ment of his death with the dignity that bis contributions "and career deserved. THE NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday 12 September 1971. ghchev a Familiar Figure >-irr the Death, IBut With Almost No Comment ! In the first comment from dor to Moscow, described Ni- :'1 any Communist source on the kita S. Khrushchev today as a death of Nikita S. Khrushchev, man "willing to compete with a mass-circulation newspaper the United States In world owned by the Italian Com- domination but ready to back munist party said that his down to avoid a nuclear war." down-grading of Stalin had Mr. Harriman, interviewed by 'unleashed Democratic forces telephone at his summer home of dissent with the old pater- here said: "Khrushchev was a nalistic and repressive meth- tough leader, who didn't want ods that re-emerged also in the to see his country blown up. practice of the Khrushchev The way to deal with him was era." to be firm and give him an op- The newspaper, Paesa Sera, portunity to retreat." printed a long tnography by a Such an event happened, Mr. "ormer Moscow correspondent Harriman said, during the Cu- who wrote that Mr. Khrush- ban missile crisis of 1962, chev's "vision was correct, but when, President Kennedy im- the means of applying them in posed a naval quarantine on practice, domestic and inter Cuba to force the Soviets to nationally, were outdated." His remove its missile installations removal from the top leader- there. ship was "inevitable," the Mr. Harriman, who met Mr. biography said. Khrushchev in Moscow in 1959, As of last evening, this was said 'Khrushchev had a sense the only commentary from any of humor that made you like Communist party, government him. He was easier to get or newspaper—in Communist along with than Stalin." countries or in the West—on the death. The Polish radio re- A Farmer's Memories ported that the death was WASHINGTON, Sept. 11 rumored, but still awaited offi- (UPI)—-, the Iowa cial confirmation. farmer who discussed The New York Times In Paris and in Rome, spokes- Mrs. Khrushchev in a visit to Beltsvillc, Md., in 1959 morn with Nikita Khrushchev men for the official party news- during a visit to Russia in 1955 papers said that they wsuld and was visited in turn at publish obituaries on their Mrs. Nina Petrovna Khru- House to say good-by to Mr. home by Mr. Khrushchev in front pages — without com- 1959, recalled the Soviet lead- shchev was at her husband's Khrushchev when he left for mentary in the, French party's . Md. 1 er today as a man who "did bedside when he died, re- L'Humanite and with com- more to open up Russia for At first, she was somewhat, mentary in the Italian party's maining close to him, as she reserved in the face of pern' conversations and visitors than had ever since their marriage L'Unita. anyone before him." Mr. Garst, sonal questions from clamor- In New York, officials of the in 1924. ing Western reporters, but who lives in Coon Rapids, The 71-year-old wife of the she gradually wanned up to American Communist party jowa, spoke in a telephone Tunner Soviet Premier, unlike reveal a vivacious, witty, and could not immediately be Interview. (he wives of oilier Soviet of'- self - possessed personality reached by telephone, and the I'ifials, emerged from the ob- that won the hearts of Amer- party itself had issued no state- Eaton Expresses Regret M/unty of the Stalin era to icans. ment. CLEVELAND, Sept. 11 (AP)— become a public figure in her While Mrs. Khrushchev ! From , it was re- Cyrus S. Eaton, the industrialist own right. was here, she told reporters ported that Peking had said who has maintained contact She frequently accom- that she had met her husband nothing as of early Sunday With Communist -nations for panied her husband on diplo- in the city of Yuzovjca, in morning. In fact, nothing about many years, expressed regret matic missions abroad, cul- the Ukraine, when his two Mr. Khrushchev has been re- today at the death of Mr. minating in their trip to the children by his first marriage ported inside Communist China Khrushchev. United States in September, —a daughter, Yulia, and a since his fall from power. Mr. Eaton said he and hitf: 1959. son, Leonid, subsequently wife are sending their "deep- While they were here, they killed in the war—were 6 Harriman Assesses Leader est regrets" to Mrs. Khru-,;, were seen everywhere to- and 8 years old. His first SANDS POINT, L. I., Sept. 11 shchev and her children. Hefe gether, crammed into the wife, she said, died "during (UPI)—W. Averell Harriman, said he did not plan to attend ft* back seat of a limousine with the famine," referring appar- former United States Ambassa- the funeral. President Eisenhower, meet- ently to the famines early in ing each other unexpectedly the nineteen twenties. m a supermarket aisle, plac- Three children—two daugh- jng a wreath on the grave of ters, Rada and Yelena, and President Roosevelt. a son, Sergei, were her own, Ir * Her devotion to her hus- she said. u° band was unostentatious Inn Rada'.s husband. Aleksei I. evident. They exchanged Adzuhbci, was editor of the lingering glances in Holly- Government newspaper Iz- wood as they listened to vestia and a powerful figure singing a love in the Soviet Union until he song. She interrupted a for- lost his post in I9IJ4 when mal news conference at Blair Mr. Khrushchev was deposed. THE NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday 12 September 1971. Khrushchev: Shift in Soviet Path By MASHISON E. SALISBURY worst kinds of manure as a pedoed his fondest dream—th e A young Russian emigre1 — a Barefoot farm boy. No world visit of President Eisenhower statesman would have felt such to the Soviet Union and, as eader of underground dissi- he hoped, establishment of a dents — said a few days in New utter disappointment at not Soviet-American condominium York: "Russia owes more to going to that great in the world. He had everything Nikita Sergeyevlch than to any tears formed in the corners of arranged for the President's other man of our time. But of his eyes. Nor is it likely that any other world statesman trip, down to a secretly con- course no one will say it until would have publicly threatened structed golf course in the Cri- he's dead." Jovian retaliation of missiles if mea and special villas to en- What he meant 'was that Henry Cabot Lodge did not tertain him in . There Nikita S. Khrushchev, with all manage to treat him with a bit may even have been a Soviet his faults, his fiery temper, his more politeness. version of Disneyland, gambler's instinct, Why did he denounce Stalin All that went down the drain his braggadocio, — and denounce him in such a with the U-2. From then on he Appraisal had taken the way that for all the endeavor fought and fought, but he never An "seven seals" off of a thousand bureaucrats the got back his power base. the Pandora's box Communist party's Central Com- Khrushchev's Testament that was Stalin's mittee has not been able to put He has bequeathed to his legacy to the Soviet Union. Stalin even halfway back on country the heritage of dimen- And no one, the young emigje the pedestal again? After his sions that only his death will felt, would ever be able to put fall, Khrushchev talked about begin to make visible. Much them back again. that to his intimates. It had tq of his philosophy, many of his Some may doubt the per- be done, he said. It had to be ideas for the Soviet Union's fu- manency of the Soviet Union's done if the Soviet Union was ture — particularly for a freer, turn from -the oppression of the ever to compete in the modern more humane, more contempo- Stalin era. But few in or out world. And, of course, although rary, more liberal land — were of the Soviet Union can doubt he never said so, he probably encompassed in a curious vol- :he magnitude of Khrushchev's thought that it would give him ume published a few months feat in putting his country on not only a winning edge over ago, "Khrushchev Remembers". a new course. his rivals but a permanent one. There almost certainly is a It is nearly seven years since He could not make it perma- more specific, more detailed, Khrushchev fell. His fall, like nent because for all his bold- more reliable testament left be- his rise, was melodramatic. He ness, his rashness —an d genu- hind for his countrymen to| was loppled by the same close ine cruelty in carrying out read. associates who helped him to Stalin's orders —h e was not But greater than this is the high office. During the seven himself a killer. He would not testament he left to the world: years his successors have slow- kill his rivals. Nor would he A Soviet Union that for all its y inched away from the free- put them into prison. There backsliding is not Stalin's terror wheeling and erratic, but essen- were victims after Stalin, but state and a world that has tially liberalizing, tendency of those who were killed were po- perceived that it is possible to .he one-time peasant boy from icemen, Lavrenti P. Beria and live and work and cooperate talinovka. lis henchmen. with the Soviet Union, regard- The Hardest 3fob' Since he would not kill, less of ideology. Khrushchev was vulnerable. He Khrushchev thought much What Khrushchev did for his jegan to lose power long before country was no easy thing. He about the future and about how said in the course of one of his t was publicly apparent. He ihe world would regard him. endless disquisitions: "You told a questioner only two rte once planned a pantheon lave no idea how hard it, is to years ago that the critical mo- in which to bury all the great « a politician. It is the hardest ment was the U-2 incident in Communists of the world. Later ob in the world." Perhaps no- May, 1960. That incident tor- le succeeded in removing vhere was it harder than in Stalin from beside Lenin in the lussia, with its unbroken tradi- mausoleum. The tion — from czars to day may come when his —o f arbitrary rule, palace In- countrymen will sense that if ;rigue and untrainmeled exer- , interment is a recognition of cise of power. ! national leadership then Khru- What Khrushchev did during shchev has won a place close :ne. -decade in which he was I to — if not beside — Lenin. first among equals in the post- Stalin is easier to relate than why he did it. In part surely It was a pent-up personal drive for pow- er, accentuated by the years under Stalin when he wag com- pelled to humble himself, play- ng the poor Ukrainian fool and, as he once said, to "dance the gopak." But 'there was more to it. He was a man of insatiable curi- osity and endless energy. He could not sit still. He could not stand still. He could not stop talking. And his small eyes bored into everything he saw. What ha saw. he wanted for his country —whethe r it was pigeons in the streets of Moscow (as lia had seen in London1); helicopters to trans- (x>rt the Kremlin leaders (as his Friend, as he called President Eisenhower, had), or more meat in the goulash, as he once told the Hungarians.' And he did not car* what rules, what traditions, what precedents lie broke in the process. He counted himself a thorough Marxist, a prime be- - liever in the Communist system, and he was everlastingly, child- ishly, naively determined that the Soviet Union was going to outpace the would. He had come up the hard way — almost the hardest of ways — and he never lost the direct peasant habits of his boyhood. No world statesman but Khrushchev would have spent his first hour with Vice President Nixon in a country- boy bragging contest as to who had shoveled the most and THE NEW YORK TIMES, Sunday 12 September 1971.

THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDA Y SEPTEMBER 12. A With a Future President, Coexistence and a Visit to Americif be regarded as a farm expert and 'his of farm life. Under criticism he called his extroversions to an astonished world. shchev dearly in his worsening speeches were reprinted in Pravda, the them "collective farm settlements," but One of the most important of these trips with Mao Tse-tung, who saw it as party newspaper. this faile'd to save him from Mr. Malen- was to Belgrade, where he apologized another example of his inability to The Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union kov and others who chided him in pub- to Marshal Tito, the Yugoslav Commu- with American "." D1' in June, 1941, hit hard at the Ukraine — lic in 1952..More to the point, he was nist leader, for Stalin's expulsion of him ences with the Chinese CommunisteM and at Mr. Khrushchev. According to relieved of supervision over farming. from the Communist world in 1948. The went back many years, but began tr ' Mr. Frankland's biography, "The shock At this tune Stalin's paranoia was recpnciliation was never complete, but be acute with Mao's victory over Chiani of the first disastrous months of the war growing — a plot of distinguished Jew- thefe was a general accommodation. Kai-shek in 1949.' .5 had its impact, too, on Khrushchev's re- ish doctors to kill Soviet leaders was Later, "B & K" went to Geneva, After 1949 Mao turned to the Sovici lations with Stalin." concocted In his brain — and, Mr. Khru- where they met President Eisenhower Union for material help, seeking long "Up to the war," Mr. Frankland shchev suggested in his 1956 speech, even and the leaders: of France and Britain term credits and substantial quantisjj wrote, "there is no evidence that Khru- those closest to the dictator felt 'appre- and reiterated Soviet commitment to a of capital goods. He received some shchev ever questioned his leader, but hensive for their safety. In these cir- policy of peaceful coexistence. "Vigor- sistance, but not nearly so much as this simple relationship was destroyed cumstances Stalin's death as the result ous, downright and stubborn but pre- believed one Socialist country should retr-f * by the war, and was never re-estab- of a stroke was' timely. "I wept," Mr. pared to laugh" was British Prime Min- der to another. Mao also did not gsk--, lished. It is possible that Khrushchev's Khrushchev later told W. Averell Harri- ister 's comment on Mr. the credit he felt he deserved for WK ., belief in Stalin's infallibility was first man, the American diplomat. "After all, Khrushchev at Geneva. Marxist sagacity in accomplishing tug j shaken at the very start of the war." we were his pupils and owed him every- Chinese revolution. Nor did he ma«£.,, During the war, Mr. Khrushchev not thing.%ike Peter the Great, Stalin fought Foothold in Mideast any headway in his proposals for Dor- - . only represented the party at the front barbarism with barbarism but he was a One of the greatest foreign policy der rectifications" with the Soviet Unioil;'i but also directed ' warfare be- great man." victories was in the Mideast. In the — changes that would have returned' > -j-v the German lines. He took part in The chubby Mr. Malenkov was summer of 1955 he arranged an arms some Chinese territory taken away up,, '"the initial severe setbacks of the Soviet Stalin's immediate successor, but in the der the Czars. "*".; l deal with Egypt that opened the way "ff Army in the Ukraine and in the trium- wheeling and dealing he. was either for large-scale expansion of Soviet in- Moreover, Mao adopted a .strong, •^"Jihant stand at Stalingrad in 1942. For forced or persuaded to drop his job as fluence among the Arab peoples. He world revolutionary line, with American, , JwOhis efforts at Stalingrad, one of the prin- principal party secretary while retain- was also successful in wooing such "imperialism" as its chief target. TaKmg; j bK£Cipal hinges of the war in the Soviet ing the Soviet Premiership. This step countries, as India, which he visited, into account the American setbacks JD ,, nBh-Union, he was made a lieutenant gen- gave Mr. Khrushchev his opening, for he and Indonesia, praising their third- Korea in 1953, Soviet nuclear gains and ^ eral, and he marched with the Red Army took over virtual control of the party world policy of neutralism and their the Soviet sputnik in 1957, he saiay»e«| as it retook the Ukraine in 1943. organization — machinery that he knew struggles to rise from colonial status. As at the 40th anniversary of the Russian;^ best of all. Moreover, shortly after a salesman for Communism, he made Revolution — that "the east wind now-^i After the war Mr. Khrushchev was in Stalin's death, he came to the fore in a charge of rebuilding the Ukraine, the three points: Peaceful coexistence and prevails over the west wind." • ' most damaged of any area in Europe. critique of agriculture, with an implied economic competition; war between East Americans with the United Nations Re- promise of a better life for. all. and West could be avoided, and there Offensive Urged by Mao lief and Rehabilitation Agency whp saw With the elimination by shooting of could be different paths to Socialism, him there remarked his concern for the Lavrenti P. Beria, the state security chief, including a parliamentary one. The world situation, Mao was con- tiniest detail of his jobs — he was Pre- Mr. Khrushchev and Mr. Malenkov en- Although Mr. Khrushchev was clearly vinced, had reached a turning point at mier as well as party leader — and his gaged in a duel for power with agricul- the chief Soviet leader from 1954. when which "the Socialist forces are over- bounciness. Milovan Djilas, the Yugo- ture one of the main points of difference. Mr. Malenkov went into effective whelmingly superior to the imperialist slav Communist, found him using folk Mr. Khrushchev's theme was the low eclipse, his position was vastly enhanced forces." The time was now, 'he indicated. ^ proverbs and sayings to rally his asso- state of farm production and the cry that by his "secret speech" at the party to go on the offensive. But that was ex- , ciates and reported that Mr. Klirushchev " cannot be built congress in 1956. Its theme—that Stalin actly what Mr. Khrushchev and his So-- "delved into details, into the daily life without an abundance of bread, meat, had abused his power—skipped lightly viet colleagues were unwilling to do. of the Communist rank and file and the milk, butter, vegetables and other agri- over Mr. Khrushchev's own role and that They preferred, they said, to "conquer ordinary people." cultural products." And to encourage of his principal associates. However, by capitalism with a high level of worn fanners, he was willing to increase mon- emphasizing the corrective steps the and a higher standard of living" rattier Improvement, Not Change ey incentives and to chastise Moscow party had taken since 1953 and was pre- than to engage in warfare, although wao • bureaucrats. When the 1953 harvest fell pared to take, the speech cast Mi'. Khru- offered his millions of Chinese as troops. . "He did not do this with the aim of short of predictions, he had increased changing the system," Mr. Djilas con- shchev in a favorable light: He was now From 1957 onward, Mr. Khrushchev-s • leverage against Mr. Malenkov. to pursue a policy of fairness and strict quarrels with Mao went from bad to- tinued, "but of strengthening and im- At his urging, an area equal to the proving things under the existing sys- legality. worse. China did not get Soviet -nuclear entire cropland of Canada — some 75 And there was in fact a thaw. Thou- help, credits were discouraged, tecnni- , tem." million acres — of virgin and fallow sands of Stalin's victims were posthu- cians were withdrawn and by 1964 tne Rivalries at the top of the Soviet land in Siberia and the Urals was plowed mously rehabilitated. Criticism of Stalin exchange of polemics threatened to se\-- - "ksGpnimunist party in 1946 almost did Mr. and sown to grain by an army of young appeared in print. Some of the fears in er bonds between the two countries -sjekkrushchev in. He came into conflict people sent out from the cities of Euro- Soviet life were muted. The authority and the two Communisms. '] Isihvith Georgi M. Malenkov over the as- pean Russia. Also he called for wide- of the party, as a collective group, was -fcjSerted low level of "ideological work" in As bitterness with China escalated,- spread corn-planting, gaining the nick- strengthened, and with it the principle Mr. Khrushchev was faced with dl;»co"" «iiii*e Ukraine and with Stalin over spring name of Nikita Kukuruznik (Nikita the of collegiality. And eventually, the tent at home. The virgin lands and "»-.'.< sfHyheat, which the dictator favored. Corn Man). Although these measures speech contributed to the routing of Mr. ' ' Mr. Kaganovich was S5nt into the com program faltered; harvests were - weredenounced by some of his colleagues Molotov and other hard-liners inside and poor; grain had to be imported from tne ; te%kraine to run the party, while Mr. as gambles, they paid off heavily in outside the Soviet Union. United States, and in 1962 meat and,, "#*?Shrushchev was left as Premier. This 1956 and 1958, when abundant rainfall Restiveness first showed itself in H •fe^pisode is unclear in detail, but appar- butter prices were raised. Instead ot t" 3 permitted the virgin lands to contribute in October, 1956, when the Poles Khrushchev promises of a rapid advance ,, ' *EntIy Mr. Khrushchev worked his way a record grain crop. His corn proposal proposed to install as party leader to plenty, the economy was creaKin . Tlrc Hew Y«rk Tlmes/hr Goons Tamw 0 'j^Hffiit of disgrace, although there were was less successful, chiefly because Wladislaw Gomulka, a "nationalist" h c1 ' '"reports later that he had almost been large areas of the Soviet Union were Communist whom Stalin had jailed. Mr. Mr. Khrushtliev's meeting in 1959 with President All of these things came to a |f ^.'- purged by Stalin. In any event, after climatically unsuited for it. in October, 1964, when members of tnp ^ Khrushchev flew to Warsaw and con- Difighl D. Eisenhower at Camp David, Md,, led to a, Politburo were quietly called to a meet- .. a year, Mr. Khrushchev improved his By early 1955 Mr. Khrushchev .had fronted Mr. Gomulka and his associ- situation (his differences with Mr. Mal- strengthened his position sufficiently to period of seemingly improved U.S.-Soviet relations. ing, with Leonid I. Brezhnev in tne- - ates in a considerable rage, threatening chair. Mr. Khrushchev was on holiaay enkov continued, however); and at the strike down Mr. Malenkov. He accom- the use of force to prevent a Polish de- end of 1949 he was brought to Moscow plished this In nart bv sett.intr armv sun- at 'his villa on the Black Sea. The vi •linued, "but ot strengthening ana im- tu l/uiauc a puu«-^ ul lauUCSS dim SLJ1LL quarreis wrm Mao went irom oaa -10-- >• At his urging, an area equal to the legality. 1 1 proving things under the existing sys- entire cropland of Canada — some 75 worse. China did not get Soviet nucleatf '' tem." And there was in fact a thaw. Thou- help, credits were discouraged, techni-~» million acres — of virgin and fallow sands of Stalin's victims were posthu- cians were withdrawn and by 1964 the"* Rivalries at the top of the Soviet land in Siberia and the Urals was plowed mously rehabilitated. Criticism of Stalin iJasCommunist party in 1946 almost did Mr. exchange of polemics threatened to sev~--- and sown to grain by an army of young appeared in print. Some of the fears in er bonds between the two countries^-"' -siisKhrushchev in. He came into conflict people sent out from the cities of Euro- Soviet life were muted. The authority and the two Communisms. :=>•>•> trsihvith Georgi M. Malenkov over the as- pean Russia, Also he called for wide- of the party, as a collective group, was •i'.feerLed low level of "ideological work" in spread corn-planting, gaining the nick- As bitterness with China escalated/ strengthened, and with it the principle Mr. Khrushchev was faced with discbnV' Ukraine and with Stalin over spring name of Nikita Kukuruznik (Nikita the of collegiality. And eventually, the 1 eat, which the dictator favored. Corn Man). Although these measures tent at home. The virgin lands and the- .* speech contributed to the routing of Mr. com program faltered; harvests wsfe-'">- Mr. Kaganovich was sent into the were denounced by some of his colleagues Molotov and other hard-liners inside and Jkraine to run the party, while Mr. as gambles, they paid off heavily in outside the Soviet Union. poor; grain had to be imported from the"'' jkJEhrushchev was left as Premier. This 1956 and 1958, when abundant rainfall Restiveness first showed itself in United States, and in 1962 meat and -J •^•^pisode is unclear in detail, but appar- permitted the virgin lands to contribute Poland in October, 1956, when the Poles butter prices were raised. Instead of the"* '3fi*ently Mr. Khrushchev worked his way a record grain crop. His corn proposal Khrushchev promises of a rapid advance* ••, 3J1 proposed to install as party leader to plenty, the economy was creaking.";' ", 'Out of disgrace, although there were was less successful, chiefly because Wladislaw Gomulka, a "nationalist" Tto New Yfltit Tlm«s/by George TamoB reports later that he had almost been All of these things came to a head';;" large areas of the Soviet Union were Communist whom Stalin had jailed. Mr. Mr. KhrushcJiev'f meeting in 1959 with President 4 purged by Stalin. In any event, after climatically unsuited for it. Khrushchev flew to Warsaw and cun- in October, 1964, when members of the "* a year, Mr. Khrushchev improved his Dwight D. Eisenhower M Camp David, Md., led lo a. Politburo were quietly called to a meet-'*; By early 1955 Mr. Khrushchev had fronted Mr. Gomulka and his associ- ;:; situation (his differences with Mr. Mal- strengthened his position sufficiently to ates in a considerable rage, threatening period of seemingly improved U.S,-Soviet relations. ing, with Leonid I. Brezhnev in the1- enkov continued, however); and at the strike down Mr. Malenkov. He accom- the use of force to prevent a Polish de- chair. Mr. Khrushchev was on holiday end of 1949 he was brought to Moscow plished this in part by getting army sup- fection. Mr. Gomulka, however, stood his Malenkov, Mr. Kaganovich' and Mr. Molr away with the belief that Mr. Kennedy at 'his villa on the Black Sea. The vote-v<-* as head of the party organization and port (he pleaded that the Soviet hydro- ground and won out after pledging to otov were outvoted in the Central Com- lacked a certain nerve. went against him both in the Politburo;';; as one of the Central Committee secre- gen bomb detonated in 1953 required keep Poland within the Moscow bloc. mittee after winning an apparent vic- That impression may have contributed and in the Central Committee. It was ;i tariat, which ran the party day by day. stronger defenses), and in the new align- Immediately thereafter trouble broke tory in the Politburo. The three men to Mr. Khrushchev's willingness to place all over quickly and without fanfare-.-,-, Until Stalin's death in 1953, Mr. Khru- ment Marshal Nikolai A. Bulganin was out in Hungary. A de-Stalinized govern- were removed from their posts and ex- missiles in Cuba in 1962, following the Although Mr. Khrushchev had wrought'"" shchev lived a somewhat precarious ex- Premier and Mr. Khrushchev was the ment under announced that pelled from the Central Committee, American debacle tremendous changes, there was no popu--' > istence, he indicated in his secret speech party leader. Together they were known Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact, along with . Mr. Khru- in 1961. There appear to have been lar outcry for him. His unfulfilled prom-'" of 1956. On other occasions he related as "B & K." the Eastern counterpart of the North shchev had the help of Marshal several motivations—to strengthen Fidel ises of consumer goods, his rough treat- '••• that Stalin had forced him to dance a The maneuver that disposed of Mr. Atlantic Treaty Organization. Georgi K. Zhukov, who, however, was Castro's Socialism, to achieve an easy ment of intellectuals — especially in •_' peasant dance and to sit in a puddle Maienkov (whose policies Mr. Khru- This, to Mr. Khrushchev's mind, shortly ditched as was Marshal Bulgan- missile parity with the United States 1962-63—and his attempts to reduce dey" of beer. More seriously, the two differed shchev was to adopt) was one step in fense spending left him with few devoted •'"'• amounted to counterrevolution, and the in, leaving Mr. Khrushchev as both Pre- and, perhaps, to precipitate a situation 1 about agriculture. Whereas Stalin was the development of a post-Stalin consen- Nagy regime was crushed with Soviet mier and party leader — the same dual that would lead to a Soviet-American followers. He was officially "relieved" c ', content to sweat the peasants, Mr. sus. Another was dismissal of Vyache- tanks and replaced with a more amena- role occupied by Stalin. summit session. of his posts and all but vanished. -••• •••-' Khrushchev seemed genuinely concerned slav M. Molotov, Stalin's longtime For- ble government. The difference between The fourth volume of the new 30-"" to increase party control over the farms, For more than six years he would "If he could place Soviet medium- eign Minister, which culminated in his Poland and Hungary appeared to be that rule without serious challenge. He grew range missiles in Cuba," according to volume Soviet Encyclopedia, published;'"^ to create more efficient production units removal from power in 1957 in the so- the Poles were willing to remain within this April, even omitted Mr. Khrushchev'-'" and to raise the standards of living. cocky and domineering with his col- Frankland's book, "the main Soviet defi- 1 called "antiparty" affair. the Soviet orbit, whereas the Hungarians leagues, unable to believe, until it was ciency—in long-range ICBIVTs—would to from its listing of prominent political* '" One instance of this was his proposal Meantime, in 1955 "B & K" made were not. too late, that he could be deposed. a considerable extent be overcome. The commissars of World War n. -i in 1950 and 1951 to create "agrotowns" three journeys abroad, in which Mr. Mr. Khrushchev's triumph over his heavy pressure on him to concentrate From all reports, he was a lonely ' •' — grand villages that would be centers Khrushchev displayed his energies and foes was complete in 1957, when Mr. In these six years, the jaunty and ir- 1 repressible Mr. Khrushchev had his dip- all available resources on the defense man in his last years. Relatively well"' industries would be largely relieved." treated as a high-ranking pensioner,'" "•' lomatic ups and downs with the United with a town apartment and a country "?- States. One of the ups was his visit to Other commentators, however, insist 1 the United States in September, 1959, that the missiles were intended to villa, he himself chose to be secluded.- -- which followed a "debate" with Vice provoke-'a crisis that would inevitably Friends said that he never got over thi;"'-" President Richard M. Nixon in Moscow lead to a climactic summit. shame of his fallen stature. ..«.„; over the relative merits of capitalism But Mr. Khrushchev reckoned without Every year, on election day, Mr. Klrcu.-,,, and Communism. The impromptu ex- Mr. Kennedy and the threat the Presi- shchev did his civic duty and went to '" change took place in a model kitchen dent discerned to the United States. A the polls in Moscow. His gait was slow at the American Exhibition there. crisis was on, which was resolved late and his smile dimmed, even when a; ,• in October when the Soviet Union few bystanders might greet Mm. ,"e,,', Arriving in the United States in a agreed to withdraw its missiles in re- In December, 1970, Little, Brown & :• giant Tu-114 airliner, tile Soviet leader turn for & Kennedy pledge not to at- Co. published a 639-page book—and Life-.-". got a decidedly mixed reception. He was tack Cuba. In retrospect, there appears magazine published excerpts—entitled..,;, thought of as "the butcher of Hungary," to have been a greater sense of crisis "Khrushchev Remembers" that pmv--: and there was hostility on the part of in the United States than in the Soviet ported to be his reminiscences made ur>. ) the press as well as from Roman Catho- Union, where Mr. Khrushchev made of material emanating from "various: \; lic prelates. He was, moreover, a Soviet pointed public appearances, including a circumstances." .-..(?; Communist, a man many Americans had chat with an Americas, singer. There is Khrushchev issued a statement disso-: been conditioned to believe was a mor- little evidence that he was preparing ciating himself from the reminiscences^ »* tal enemy to the Republic. Mr. Khru- for war — and later he insisted that he in which he said of the material, "This, shchev, however, came bearing olive had obtained what he wanted — the is a fabrication and I am indignant at branches, saying if "the two biggest pledge on Cuba. tills." The statement marked the first,", ,, countries in the world" could develop Last month, a Soviet article based on time his name had been mentioned on . amicable relations "peace on earth will official archives asserted that Mr. Khru- Soviet radio since he was deposed iri~':." be more stable and durable." shchev had agreed to withdraw the So- 1964. He barnstormed the country from viet missiles from Cuba after receiving Even at his death, it had not been-A"! coast to coast, appeared on television, private assurances from Robert F. Ken- established whether the book was au- •', engaged in off-the-cuff colloquies, vis- nedy that the United States would pull thentic, but the weight of expert opin-.'- *. ited Roswell Garst's cornfields in Iowa, its missiles out of . ton was that much, if not all, of it was ' everywhere promoting the idea of a The Cuban adventure cost Mr. Khru- compiled from authentic material. Soviet-American detente. The most im- portant result of the tour was an easing of world tensions — over Berlin, which had erupted in 1958, and over nuclear testing — that was symbolized in an Eisenhower-Khrushchev conference at Associated Press Camp David, Md. Al an American model kitchen in Moscow in 1959, Mr. Khrushchev and - Cordial relations gave way to harsh- Richard M. A'uton, then Vice President, held impromptu debate over ness in May, I960, when the Soviet Un- ion shot dowri an.American U-2 recon- the merits of capitalism and Communism. naissance plarj&,:and could display the wreckage of .Hie- craft, as well as its' . The .wrangle over the episode caused the collapse PT a projected Eisen- hower-KhrushcHev summit meeting in Premier Expressed Himself in Earthy Phrases j Paris, bui:,;it,|Ka iiot seriously deflect Jifc Khrushch^cs pblicy:of peaceful co- "Whether you like it or not, history is on table with him and say: 'Your eyes are shift- eMstence;-^ltffiugh it "did weaken ttie""\ our side. We will bury you!"—At a Kremlin ing today!' "—Speech to the 20th party con- confidence:-'oftsome Soviet leaders in*'1 reception in November, 1956. gress in February, 1956. the virtues pfjjiersonal . Mr. Khrushchev returned to the Tirtifn^ Sfafpfi.in Cft^tnt^T,— Irtcn „- viiuugui. vi as LUC uiltuuei Ifi niui£cuyt to nave ueea a greater sense oi crisis , and there was hostility on the part of in the United States lhan in the Soviet ported to be his reminiscences made UB,,,'rt the press as well as from Roman Catho- Union, where Mr. Khrushchev made of material emanating from "vartoiB^jj lic prelates. He was, moreover, a Soviet pointed public appearances, including a circumstances." &f,E Communist, a man many Americans had chat with an American singer. There is Khrushchev issued a statement disso-:,;.^ been conditioned to believe was a mor- little evidence that he was preparing dating himself from the reminiscences^pB tal enemy to the Republic. Mr. Khru- for war — and later he insisted that he in which he said of the material, "This,. shchev, however, came bearing olive had obtained what he wanted — the is a fabrication and 1 am indignant at...,- branches, saying if "the two biggest pledge on Cuba. this." The statement marked the lirst/,^", countries in the world" could develop Last month, a Soviet article based on time his name had been mentioned on. •'..'„ amicable relations "peace on earth will official archives asserted that Mr. Khru- Soviet radio since he was deposed iiCr.1 be more stable and durable." shchev had agreed to withdraw the So- 1964. ^-^ He barnstormed the country from viet missiles from Cuba after receiving Even at his death, it had not heertV-'-j coast to coast, appeared on television, private assurances from Robert F. Ken- established whether the book was au-j^j, engaged in off-the-cuff colloquies, vis- nedy that the United States would pull thentic, but the weight of expert opiri-~"-n ited Roswell Garst's cornfields in Iowa, its missiles out of Turkey. ton was .that much, if not all, of it was^ everywhere promoting the idea of a The Cuban adventure cost Mr. Khru- compiled from authentic material. ... .' Soviet-American detente. The most im- portant result of the tour was an easing of world tensions — over Berlin, which had erupted in 1958, and over nuclear testing — that was symbolized in an Eisenhower-Khrushchev conference at Associated Press Camp David, IWd. At an American model kitchen in Moscow in 1959, Mr. Khrushchev and Cordial relations gave way to harsh- Richard M. Nixon, then Vice President, held impromptu, debate over ness in May, 1960, when the Soviet Un- ion shot down an American U-2 recon- the merits of capitalism and Communism. naissance plane and could display the wreckage of the craft as well as its pilot. The wrangle over the episode caused the collapse of a projected Eisen- hower-Khrushchev summit meeting in Premier Expressed Himself in Earthy Phrases Paris, but it did not seriously deflect Mr. Khrushchev's policy of peaceful co- "Whether you like it or not, history is on tablewith him and say: 'Your eyes are shift- 3 existence, although it did weaken the our side. We will bury.you!"—At a Kremlin ing today!'"—Speech to the 20th party con- | confidence of some Soviet leaders in reception ih November, 1956. gress in February, 1956. £j the virtues of personal diplomacy. Mr. Khrushchev returned to the "Someone tried to poke his snout into our "We shall never take up arms to force the \-i. United States in September, I960, as :! chief of the Soviet delegation to the affairs and we clobbered his snout—so that ideas of Communism upon anybody. Our United Nations General Assembly. 'There he now certainly knows where the border ideas will capture the minds of mankind."— ''• was no official welcome and he was is."—At a news conference on the U-2 inci- restricted to and to weekend At a reception in Albania, April, 1957. )l visits to . His presence pro- dent of May, I960. •'<., voked demonstrations—and incredulity, "If you have to keep a goat in your house, 11 too. While , the Brit- "Humanity's face is more beautiful than you can get used to its smell and live. Let us 8. ish Prime Minister, was addressing the her backside."—After viewing can-can regard imperialism as a goat and our house f, Assembly, Mr. Khrushchev interrupted dancers in Hollywood, September, 1959. him with heckling shouts and table- as the whole planet. What the devil do we II thumping. "Those who wait for the Soviet Union need war for? It is better to live with a goat Oblivious to decorum he took oft his right shoe, brandished it at one speaker to abandon Communism will wait until a and bear its unpleasant smell. But, as the and then pounded it on his desk. And shrimp learns to whistle."—To correspond- saying goes, don't let it into the kitchen he referred to a Philippine delegate as ents in , 1963. garden."—Speech in his birthplace in 1962. a stooge and a jerk. After 25 days, he returned home. His - performance failed "He flagrantly flouted the Leninist prin- "We have beaten you to the moon, but to please either the American public oi- liis Soviet colleagues. ciples of leadership and committed arbi- you have beaten us in sausage-making."— When Joiiti F, Kennedy became Presi- Associated Press trary actions and abuses of power. Stalin In Iowa, September, 1959, after tasting his dent in 1361, Mr. Khrushchev went to Mr, Khrushchev met President John F. Kennedy . could look at a comrade sitting at the same first hot dog. confer with him in . The purpose was to test each other's intentions, and Vienna in, 1961. In U.S.-Soviet crisis the following^.,; Mr. Khrushchev is said to have come the Frontier withdrew missiles from Cubai •"' THE NEW YOBK TIMES, Sunday 12 September 1971.

THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDA T, SEPTEMBER 12,1911

Nikita S. Khrushchev, third from right, was among Soviet leaders at Stalin's bier in 1953. Others, from left: Vyacheslav M. Molotov, Klimenl Y. Voroshilov, Lavrettti P. Beria, Georgi M. Malenkov, Nikolai A. Bulganin, Lazar M. Kaganovich and Anastas I. Mikoyan. Mr. Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin as a tyrant was a turning point in Soviet history.

By ALDEN WHITMAN over, he obliged his deskbound associ- 1962 to pay off. Although he claimed willfulness as well as what seemed an others who saw the party chiefly as the in the modernization of Moscow and ates to get out of their offices, admon- at the time to have obtained what he increasing tendency to take the spot- defender of "their" revolution. especially in the construction of its sub- ATE in the afternoon of Friday, Feb. light. His enemies accused him of both way, for which he received his first L 24, 1956, a short, rotund, round- ishing them not to be afraid "to get mud wanted — an American pledge not to On his 1959 visit to the United States on your boots." Tn creating a personal attack Cuba — many in the Kremlin lack of foresight and building a cult Mr. Khrushchev illuminated his feelings . No detail seemed too headed, gleamingly bald, baggy-suited of personality. He did indeed push his small for him—seeing to the cement man stepped to the microphone at the sense of hustle and sweat, he was prac- believed that the affair was a first- in those early years by recalling one ticing what he preached when he told class miscalculation. plans through the Politburo and was un- of his first meetings with intellectuals supply, advising on the proper height concluding session of the 20th Congress willing to accept frustration of his ideas. for laying bricks, suggesting changes in of the Communist party of the Soviet a Communist leader that the way to He was damaged also by the Ameri- "when I still had coal on iny hands." success was "Be popular." can U-2 spy plane incident in 1960 and And he did seem to insist on adulation. One of them, a woman, twitted him subway-car design. His definition then Union, from which all foreign dele- of a "real Communist" was one "whose gates and reporters had been excluded, Just as he journeyed about his own the subsequent breakup of a Paris sum- The combination of all his shortcom- about the ballet. "And I must admit country and Eastern Europe, so he trav- mit meeting with President Eisenhower. ings came to more than outweigh his that at that time." he reminisced. "I work is organized, whose machinery "Comrades," he began in his somewhat 1 works and doesn't lie abandoned under harsh-hoarse deliberate voice, "in the eler extensively in the world outside. As After Mr. Khrushchev's first visit to the virtues in the eyes of his colleagues, and not only had never seen a ballet; I had report of the Central Committee of the a traveling salesman for Soviet policy United States, he insisted to his col- he was pensioned off in October, 1964. never seen a ballerina. So I did not all kinds of rubbish" and who "each party ... in a number of speeches by (and by implication for Communism) he leagues that President Eisenhower was But it was a measure of the changes he know what it — what sort of a dish day, each hour controls matters effec- delegates to [this] congress . . . quite a initiated a personal diplomacy that took a reasonable man and that statesmen had wrought that he was voted out of it was and what you ate it with. tively." lot' has been said about the cult of the him to China, India, Britain, France, could promote international amity office, not shot; and that some of his "And I said, 'Wait, it will all come.' Mr. Khrushchev's exertions in ivfos- individual and about its harmful conse- , Austria and the United through persona! understandings. This key policies, such as peaceful coexist- If she were to have asked me then what cow coincided with what has been called quences." States. In two visits to this country, he homespun theory, part of his impatience ence and arms limitation and emphasis it was that would come, i I could not the Soviet Union's "Iron Age"—a pe- conferred with President Dwight D. to mute the , was severely on Soviet consumer needs, were taken have given her any reply—I did not riod when heavy industry and industrial It was well after midnight when the strained when the U-2 was shot down up by his successors, albeit in a less session adjourned, and what the dele- Eisenhower in 1959, trekked to Califor- know what would come. But I did know construction were stressed as part of nia, shucked corn in Iowa, appeared on over the Soviet Union and President flamboyant fashion. Stalin's goal to build Socialism in one gales had heard in Nikita Sergeyevich Eisenhower took the responsibility. that the new and the good happy life Khrushchev's 20,000-word speech was television; and in the fall of I960 he was Part of Mr. Khrushchev's success as would come." country, which meant making the Soviet here for a meeting of the United Nations -a Soviet leader was his idiosyncratic Union as strong as possible in as brief nothing less than a documented, count- For a fourth thing, his bumptious When the civil war ended, Mr. Khru- Ijy-count indictment of Josef Stalin, Assembly, at which, in a fit of pique, he conduct then and on other occasions, style — his easy and infectious smile a tune as possible. It was also a period took off his right shoe and banged it that showed the marked gap between shchev returned to Rutchenkovo as a of forced collectivization of agriculture, then dead about three years and who for such as the shoe-banging at the United party organizer. His first wife, whom he S quarter-century had been held up to vigorously on his desk. Nations, embarrassed some of his asso- two front teeth, his thundering anger, in which hundreds of thousands of peas- had married in 1916, died, it is said, in ants died; and of the "show trials" in {he Soviet people, Communist and non- Behind these travels was not only his ciates who felt that more dignity be- his earthy wit, his use of old Russian the famine of 1921, but this aspect of his Communist, and to Communists through- voracity for firsthand knowledge of peo- fitted the leader of a great superpower. proverbs, his capacity for strong drink, which Stalin's opponents were obliged life was obscure. His climb up the party to confess to horrendous crimes before 4"ut the world as the infallible genius- ple and events but also a belief that Some of them, too, had been bullied by his rapport with workers and farmers. ladder began in earnest in 1922, when When he talked he jabbed his chubby they were executed. Of the 139 mem- leader of his country who had advanced he was sent to the Don Technical Col- bers of the Central Committee elected it unerringly toward Socialism. fingers at the chest of the person listen- lege at Yuzovka to remedy his lack of ing to him, and he could say some im- with Mr. Khrushchev in 1934, about 100 ; What some delegates may have sus- formal education and to become were arrested and shot by 193S. politic things, such as telling Western acquainted with Marxism. pected but refused to credence, Mr. diplomats at the Kremlin, "History is on Khrushchev, the First Secretary (chief) our side—we will bury you." Or telling At file college he was named party ZVoi a Stalin Intimate of the Soviet party, laid bare with an envoy from a Mediterranean coun- secretary, a post of considerable impor- whiplash candor — that Stalin, starting tance that he held for three years. He Mr. Khrushchev annears to have been - * trv. "Get out Of NATO or «,= will A,™ ^anu uy luipin-anun w. i*u,iiuii..i,..>ii n- party.. . . in a number of speeches by v ' had wrought that he was voted out of livtriy. delegates to [this] congress . . . quite a initiated a personal diplomacy that took a reasonable man and that statesmen it was and what you ate it with. him to China, India, Britain, France, could promote international amity office, not 'shot; and that some of his "And I said, 'Wait, it will all come.' Mr. Khrushchev's exertions in Mos- lot has been said about the cult of the key policies, such as peaceful coexist- cow coincided with what has been called individual and about its harmful conse- Switzerland, Austria and the United through personal understandings. This If she were to have asked me then what homespun theory, part of his impatience ence and arms limitation and emphasis the Soviet Union's "Iron Age"—a pe- quences." States. In two visits to this country, he it was that would come, il could not conferred with President Dwight D. to mute the cold war, was severely on Soviet consumer needs, were taken have given her any reply—I did not riod when heavy industry and industrial : It was well after midnight when the Eisenhower in 1959, trekked to Califor- strained when the U-2 was shot down up by his successors, albeit in a less know what would come. But I did know construction were stressed as part of session adjourned, and what the dele- nia, shucked corn in Iowa, appeared on over the Soviet Union and President flamboyant fashion. Stalin's goal to build Socialism in one gates had heard in Nikita Sergeyevich that the new and the good happy life television; and in the fall of 1960 he was Eisenhower took the responsibility. Part of Mr. Khrushchev's success as would come." country, which meant making the Soviet Khrushchev's 20,000-word speech was Union as strong as possible in as brief here for a meeting of the United Nations For a fourth thing, his bumptious -a Soviet leader was his idiosyncratic When the civil war ended, Mr. Khru- nothing less than a documented, count- Assembly, at which, in a fit of pique, he conduct then and on other occasions, style — his easy and infectious smile a time as possible. It was also a period biy-cgunt indictment of Josef Stalin, shchev returned to Rutchenkovo as a of forced collectivization of agriculture, took off his right shoe and banged it such as the shoe-banging at the United that showed the marked gap between party Organizer. His first wife, whom he then dead about three years and who .for vigorously on his desk. Nations, embarrassed some of his asso- two front teeth, his thundering anger, in which hundreds of thousands of peas- a quarter-century had been held up to had married in 1916, died, it is said, in ants died; and of the "show trials" in Behind these travels was not only his ciates who felt that more dignity be- his earthy wit, his use of old Russian the famine of 1921, but this aspect of his the-Soviet people. Communist and non- fitted the leader of a great superpower. proverbs, his capacity for strong drink, which Stalin's opponents were obliged Communist, and to Communists through- voracity for firsthand knowledge of peo- life was obscure. His climb up the party to confess to horrendous crimes before ple and events but also a belief that Some of them, too, had been bullied by his rapport with workers and farmers. put the world as the infallible genius- ladder began in earnest in 1922, when they were executed. Of the 139 mem- Wader of his country who had advanced When he talked he jabbed his chubby he was sent to the Don Technical Col- fingers at the chest of the person listen- bers of the Central Committee elected it unerringly toward Socialism. lege at Yuzovka to remedy his lack of with Mr. Khrushchev in 1934, about 100 ing to him, and he could say some im- formal education and to become VWhat some delegates may have sus- politic things, such as telling Western were arrested and shot by 1938. pected but refused to credence, Mr. acquainted with Marxism. diplomats at the Kremlin, "History is on At the college he was named party Khrushchev, the First Secretary (chief) our side—we will bury you." Or telling A'ot a Stalin Intimate of the Soviet party, laid bare with secretary, a post of considerable impor- an envoy from a Mediterranean coun- tance that he held for three years. He Mr. Khrushchev appears to have been whiplash candor — that Stalin, starting try, "Get out of NATO or we will drop with the terrible purge years of the also remarried. His wife, Nina, who ac- as extravagant in his praise for Stalin a nuclear bomb on you." When the am- companied him to the United States, was during the purges as any party leader, thirties, had brought about the deaths bassador protested that "you are such of thousands of innocent persons; that a schoolteacher and is believed to have but he was not then a Stalin intimate. a big country and we are such a small smoothed some of his rough edges. Of his activities and thoughts during he had ruled the party and Uie country country," Mr. Khrushchev replied, by terror and torture; that he had been On graduation, Mr. Khrushchev was the purges, he was extremely guarded. "That's all right For you we will use Indeed, he was later to suggest that he pusillanimous in World War n; that only a teeny tiny nuclear bomb." appointed party secretary at Petrovo- he had become increasingly vainglorious Marinsky, a mining district in the was ignorant of Stalin's murder of inno- to the point even of writing his own Impatient With Theory Ukraine, where he distinguished him- cent Communists. Speaking in 1963, he encomiums, and that he had set up "se- self for his bustling, first-hand knowl- said: rious'obstacle[s] in the path of Soviet He was uncomfortable with intellec- edge of the mines. He was then under "It is asked, did the leading cadres of,; social development." Some of the de- tuals and impatient with abstract theory the patronage of Lazar M. Kaganovich, the party know of, let us say, the ar- tails were overdrawn, but the portrait —both attitudes that reflected his own Stalin's man in the Ukraine, and as such rests of people at the time? Yes, they was unmistakably horrifying. life—and his Marxism was one de- attended his first party congress—the knew. But did they know that people. Thus, the burden of the speech was scribed as a set of rather simple maxims 14th—in Moscow in 1925. who were innocent of any wrongdoing to gut the blame for the evils of Stalin- in which he believed deeply. Stalin was then consolidating his hold were arrested? No. This they did not ism on Stalin's personal shortcomings, This uneasiness with speculation for on the party—Lenin had died in 1924 know. They believed Stalin and did not while seeking to make clear that the its own sake enabled him to concentrate —and was moving against his political admit the thought that repression could' dictator's associates, including many of on practicality, but it also led into sit- enemies. Mr. Khrushchev, the records be applied to honest people devoted to those.on the congress podium — and the uations in which he relied overmuch on show, supported Stalin without appar- our cause." speaker himself — had been powerless theoreticians. For example, he gave his ent reservations, and in a speech at the Having survived the worst of the to alter those terrible events. '•:, blessing to publication of Aleksandr Ukrainian party congress in 1926 en- purges, Mr. Khrushchev was elected to Solzhenitsyn's "One Day in the Life of dorsedJJie notion of "repressive meas- the Politburo in 1938 and dispatcher1 Speech Widely Circulated Ivan Denisovich," a book that let some ures" against , Grigory Zi- to the Ukraine as first secretary of r1-- Although this extraordinary speech air into Soviet writing about life under novyev and Lev Kamenev. party there. The party leadership i- : was never printed in the Soviet press, it Stalin. But he also went along with the Meantime, he moved up in the party Ukraine was replaced and a n" was circulated to an astonished public 1958 conservative ideological attack on apparatus, first to Kharkov and then to ship purge undertaken. Mr. Kb "V through the Communist party apparatus for his novel "Doctor Kiev. Finally, in 1929 he was called to was both Stalin's scourge and one and marked the start of a 10-year Zhivago," which portrayed scenes of the Moscow as a student at the Academy of who helped rebuild a shatter?.. party. de-Stalinization of Soviet life. The Bolshevik Revolution. Heavy Industry. His toughness is said to have been un- • speech was widely published in the West Later, however, in retirement, Mr. Still backed by Mr. Kaganovich, he relenting also in managing the Ukrain- (the United States State Department ob- Khrushchev found time to read the book was named party secretary at the acad- ian economy. tained a copy from Yugoslav sources and told a Soviet friend that he did emy and then, after a year, secretary of The Ukranine gave Mr. Khrushchev and made it available to newspapers) not understand what the fuss had been the district in which the academy was his first concentrated experience with all about. "We could have published located. His rise was meteoric: second in agriculture, for that country was (and and it started a chain-reaction in the re- command of the Moscow city party in assessment of Soviet Communism. that book," he said. "Maybe 200 words is) one of the Soviet Union's chief grain were questionable — that's all." 1933; its chief in 1934; membership in areas. Improving the harvests provided To speaking out with such uncompro- It was as a practical man that Mr, the party's Central Committee the same scope for his initiative and administra- mising bluntness, Mr. Khrushchev exhib- Khrushchev rose from lowly beginnings year, making him one of a hundred or tive talents. He got out among the farm- ited some of the brash daring that char- to the top in the Communist hierarchy. so most powerful men in the Soviet Un- ers and in his unsubtle but effective acterized his 10 years (from 1954 to He was born April 17, 1894, in the mud ion; and in 1935 party leader for the fashion stirred the party to such activity 1984) as one of the world's most pow- hut of his grandfather in Kalinovka, a entire Moscow region. that the grain yield rose. And although erful men. The risk was oUvious: Could poor village in Kursk Province, where Mr. Khrushchev's principal job was he was away from Moscow, he came to Stalin's reputation be denigrated without Associated Press Great Russia borders on the Ukraine. destroying the structure of the system "My grandfather was a serf, the prop- that had made him possible? Mr. Khru- Mr. Khrushschev tuns greeted by Mao Tse-tung in erty of a landlord who could sell him if shchev gambled that it could — and he Peking in 1954. Their quarrels be fame increasingly he wished, or trade him for a hunting won, although many observers doubted dog," Mr. Khrushchev once recalled. that he had calculated all the implica- bitter and worsened split in the Communist world. "My father was a farmer who worked tions of his bravura speech. in the [coal] mines in the winter in the ApTart from presiding over the vast statesmen could and should deal with their leader in explosions of temper and hope that he would some day earn changes in Soviet and Communist policy one another face to face. It was in that were delighted to vote his ouster. enough money to buy a horse, so that thatS flowed from de-Stalinization (no vein that he cooperated in the estab- Ranged against him, too, were power- he could raise enough cabbage and pota- less "profound for the comparatively lishing of a "hot line" between the White ful voices in the army. To allocate capi- toes to feed his family. quiet:manner in which they were car- House and the Kremlin in President John tal for agricultural supplies and ma- "As for myself, I began working as riedTJut), Mr. Khrushchev put new em- F. Kennedy's Administration. chinery, he was obliged to cut down on soon as I could walk. I herded calveSj phasis on the bread-and-butter goals of Some of the very extrovert traits that spending for heavy industry and de- then sheep, and finally the landlord's Comjnunism. ("And what sort of Com- gave Mr. Khrushchev his human dimen- fense. The army, which had earlier sup- cows, until I was 15. Then I went with munist society is it that has no sau- my father to the coalfields of the Don- 1 sions accounted for his downfall. By ported him, was dismayed by his sage'?' he often asked.) nature an impatient and impulsive man, schemes to achieve defense at the low- bas to work in the shops and mines. I Mpreover, under the compulsions of he promised his people more than he est possible cost and elements of the of- worked at a factory owned by the Ger- the jiydrogen bomb, he championed a could deliver. With two excellent har- ficer , whose jobs were threatened, mans, at coal pits/owned by Frenchmen policy of peaceful coexistence (symbo- vests in 1956 and 19SS, he pledged in joined in the pressure against him. and at a chemical, plant owned by Bel- lizei'in the 1963 nuclear test ban treaty) 1959 that in seven years the per capita Mr. Khrushchev also caused alarm byi . .giaiis.,,.Tj!ere.?I ^discovered:.,something between Socialist and capitalist states, real income of Soviet citizens would the escalation of his quarrel with Mao' •"about capitalists.'.They are all"alike, questioning the popular dictum that war rise by 40 per cent and that the mini- Tse-tung, the Chinese leader. It had long whatever their .nationality. All .they, between them was probably inevitable. mum wage would be doubled. There been a shibboleth of Marxist thinking wanted from me was the most work for (Hejwas certain that Communism could would also be a 40-hour week. And by that the Communist world was neces-. the least money ''.that would keep me provide more abundance than capitalism 1970, agriculture and industry would be sariiy a single entity since it derived alive. ".' andSirould triumph- in a peaceful world producing more than their American from a single doctrine, and the Soviet "So I became a Communist... I was nAt hnrn a P-OmmUnist. . Rllt Tiff» i« amp puigc uuuciurncu. mi. *M cv through the Communist party apparatus Boris Pasternak for his novel "Doctor Kiev. Finally, in 1929 he was called to was both Stalin's scourge and • one and marked the start of a • 10-year Zhivago," which portrayed scenes of the Moscow as a student at the Academy of who helped rebuild a shatters.. party. de-Stalinization of Soviet life. The Bolshevik Revolution. Heavy Industry. His toughness is said to have been un- speech was widely published in the West Later, however, in retirement, Mr. Still backed by Mr. Kaganovich, he relenting also to managing the Ukrain- (the United States State Department ob- Khrushchev found time to read the book was named party secretary at the acad- ian economy. tained a copy from Yugoslav sources and told a Soviet friend that he did emy and then, after a year, secretary of The Ukranine gave Mr. Khrushchev and made it available to newspapers) not understand what the fuss had been the district in which the academy was his first concentrated experience with and it started a chain-reaction in the re- all about. "We could have published located. His rise was meteoric: second in agriculture, for that country was (and assessment of Soviet Communism. that book," he said. "Maybe 200 words command of the Moscow city party in is) one of the Soviet Union's chief grain In speaking out with such uncompro- were questionable — that's all." 1933; its chief in 1934; membership in areas. Improving the harvests provided mising bluntness, Mr. Khrushchev exhib- It was as a practical man that Mr. the party's Central Committee the same scope for his initiative and administraistra- -y,. j ited some of the brash daring that char- Khrushchev rose from lowly beginnings year, making him one of a hundred or tive talents. He got out among the farm-- ' f| acterized his 10 years (from 1954 to to the top in the Communist hierarchy. so most powerful men in the Soviet Un- ers and in his unsubtle but effectiv•ctivee • I . 1964) as one of the world's most pow- He was born April 17, 1894, in the-mud ion; and in 1935 party leader for the fashion stirred the party to such activity erful men. The risk was obvious: Could hut of his grandfather in Kalinovka, a entire Moscow region. that the grain yield rose. And although Stalin's reputation be denigrated without poor village in Kursk Province, where Mr. Khrushchev's principal job was ha was away from Moscow, he came to destroying the structure of the system Associated Press Great Russia borders on the Ukraine. that had made him possible? Mr. Khru- "My grandfather was a serf, the prop- shchev gambled that it could — and he Mr. Khrushschev wets greeted by Mao Tse-tung in erty of a landlord who could sell him if won, although many observers doubted Peking in 1954. Their quarrels became increasingly he wished, or trade him for a hunting that he had calculated all the implica- bitter and worsened split in the Communist world. dog," Mr. Khrushchev once recalled. tions of his bravura speech. "My father was a farmer who worked Ap;art from presiding over the vast in the [coal] mines in the winter in the statesmen could and should deal with their leader in explosions of temper and hope that he would some day earn changes in Soviet and Communist policy one another face to face. It was in that were delighted to vote his ouster. that» flowed from de-Stalinization (no enough money to buy a horse, so that vein that he cooperated in the estab- Ranged against him, too, were power- he could raise enough cabbage and pota- less profound for the comparatively lishing of a "hot line" between the White quiet manner in which they were car- ful voices in the army. To allocate capi- toes to feed his family. House and the Kremlin in President John tal for agricultural supplies and ma- "As for myself, I began working as ried -put), Mr. Khrushchev put new em- F. Kennedy's Administration. phasis on the bread-and-butter goals of chinery, he was obliged to cut down on soon as I could walk. 1 herded calves, Comrnunism. ("And what sort of Com- Some of the very extrovert traits that spending for heavy industry and de- then sheep, and finally the landlord's munist society is it that has no sau- gave Mr. Khrushchev his human dimen- fense. The army, which had earlier sup- cows, until I was 15. Then I went with sage!?1,' he often asked.) sions accounted for 'his downfall. By ported him, was dismayed by his my father to the coalfields of the Don- nature an impatient and 'impulsive man, schemes to achieve defense at the low- bas to work in the shops and mines. I Moreover, under the compulsions of he promised his people more than he est possible cost and elements of the of- worked at a factory owned by the Ger- the hydrogen bomb, he championed a could deliver. With two excellent har- ficer corps, whose jobs were threatened, mans, at coal pits owned by Frenchmen polify of peaceful coexistence (symbo-- vests in 1956 and 195S, he pledged in joined in the pressure against him. and at a chemical;plant owned by Bel- lize^'to the 1963 nuclear test ban treaty). .1959 that in seven years the per capita - Mr. Khrushchev also caused alarm by, •.gians.,, There I .discovered. something between Socialist and capitalist states, real income of Soviet citizens would ' the escalation of his quarrel with Mao; about capitalists.• itKej '(recall,valike,, questioning the popular dictum that war rise by 40. per cent and that the mini- Tse-tung, the Chinese leader. It had long whatever their nationality. All.\ihe-y_ between them was probably inevitable. mum wage

Pottlalt of the dictator as a pensioner "••'-?.'&£ IS*'*?: 'V'f ^ -'•'•- ,^'""^- -••**?'-. X ••'•.--!«( Khrushchev's charm lasted Associated Press corres- viet (parliament) mem- power: the gold star of security police, some of pondent James R. Pcipert bers. , them the same men who vvas one . of the last two Although Khrushchev hanging by a scarlet ribbon had guarded Khrushchev Westerners knozvn to have had lived in obscurity since on his left breast, and the at the height of his power. '. seen Nikita Khrushchev. 1964, millions of Russians •gold medallion of the Lenin Before Khrushchev left, he H'e and another newsman were still familiar with his Peace Prize on his right chatted with the plain- ' had a brief chat with rotund figure, bald head lapel. clothes agent in charge of Khrushchev and his ivife and warted nose. Mrs. Khrushchev, her his security detail. •'. when they made their last "It's Nikita Sergeyevich, white hair tied back in a The school at 12 Kropot- public appearance in June. it's Nikita Sergeyevich," bun, beamed as a Western kinskaya st. was the poll- whispered a crowd of Rus- photographer moved into ing place for the Khrush- By James R. Peipert sians gathered around the position tp snap her pic- chevs' neighborhood. They :? Associated Press , flag-bedecked polling place ture. She seemed to enjoy maintained an apartment as a chauffeur-driven the attention, which was in a well-kept gray stone I MOSCOW — "I'm a pen- black pulled' up to once a part of her hus- building a five-minute . sioner now. What can a the curb with Khrushchev band's daily life. walk away, near the Cana- dian Embassy. But they •:'pensioner do?" and his wife, Nina Petrov- The Russians cleared a na, inside.' path for the Khrushchevs lived most of the time in a *<•" This is how Nikita Ser- Khrushchev, looking ' to the door of elementary country cottage. ;' geyevich Khrushchev, who trim and fit despite a re- school No. 29, -where they The neighborhood where ' once held supreme power c u r r i n g heart . ailment" dropped their ballots in a they kept the apartment i, in the Soviet Union, de- called "cardiac deficiency," foox placed in the school's was called the Old Arbat scribed his seven years of recreation hall. and was the fashionable 7 emerged from the car and life after being toppled displayed a glimmer,of the After about five minutes district of imperial officials from his posts of premier flamboyance that had made in the school, the Khrush- and tsarist princes before and Communist Party his name a household word chevs emerged and strolled the seized chief. around the world. He doffed back to their car, smiling power in 1917. i.v. Khrushchev made his re- his straw hat to the crowd, and greeting well-wishers The area, with its quiet, £ marks to two Western cor- waved, exchanged pleasan- along the way. tree-lined streets, is now 4 respondents who were on tries and walked with Mrs. They then got back into . the home of Russians who p hand for his last public ap- Khrushchev to the school- their car, waved and drove have done well under com- 4 pearance June 13, when he housing polling place. off. munism. , B^lshp. Ballet |. cast his vote .at a Moscow Khrushchev was wear- The Khrushchevs' visit re- ^ ^polling place in national ing two of the medals he- to the polls was closely Jelections_for__Supreme So- earned at the height of his watched by plainclothes there. THE NSW YORK TIMES, Monday 13 September 1971.

* By HARRY SCHWARTZ era, however, have taught many Soviet >• liberals that the alternative to Khru- Will Nikita Khrushchev's ghost shchev was much worse. The Brezhnev haunt the Kremlin in the years ahead? leadership has put writers and other The present Soviet rulers appear to dissidents into jail or insane asylums; fear ..it may. That trepidation seems Khrushchev relied on verbal chastise- the most likely explanation for the. ment. The censorship in the Soviet orchestrated silence the Soviet press Union today is far tighter than it was and j;adio maintained about the event during most of the Khrushchev era. for raost of last weekend. Only after It is now evident that Khrushchev's the cables had reported the enormous removal was a partial counterrevolu- and sorrowful reaction to Khrushchev's tion, a partial return to Stalinism passing in the rest of the world did a which makes the Khrushchev era seem Pravda spokesman announce that this like the good old days. morning's paper would report the Thus the possibility arises that In news, death Khrushchev may become the Fo.r roughly thirty hours or more the symbol of Soviet liberalism just as only-.way most Soviet citizens could the dead Stalin has long been the find out the man who ruled their coun- symbol of Soviet reaction and ob- try for a decade was dead was through scurantism. listening to Radio Liberty and other There may be great political im- foreign broadcasters. . portance, therefore, in the fact that There is important evidence indicat- this morning's Pravda front page finally announces "with sorrow" that;. ing that Khrushchev's reputation Khrushchev is dead, and reminds the among a significant number of Soviet Soviet people officially that he waa; citizens is far greater now than it was once head of both the Soviet Com- when he was purged in 1964. munist party and the Soviet state. ' " Then he was connected in the pop- This is already a limited and partial.^ ular mind with the economic hardships rehabilitation, ending his status as an 1 of the early 1960's, the price increases unperson and assuring he will not be of 1^62 and the bread shortage of an uncorpse. It is the first small 1963gHe was also blamed by many for victory for those who would like to the break with China, and for spend- see the best part of the Khrushchev ing too much money in space while heritage restored and extended within urgent needs here on .earth went un- the Soviet Union. met. ,-., The Khrushchev legacy is also likely But the seven years Khrushchev to be a factor in future international lived;,,in obscure disgrace were long Communist politics. This potentiality enough to demonstrate that many of was implicit in the wann tribute the the ills for which he was blamed have Italian Communist party paid to Khru- also been incurable for his successors. shchev yesterday. That tribute reflect- With,1. President Nixon scheduled soon ed the fact that Khrushchev was the to visit Peking, there can no longer most liberal and flexible Soviet leader be Soviet citizens who believe it was since Lenin. merely Khrushchev's tactlessness that Foreign Communists recall that it produced Moscow-Peking enmity. was Khrushchev who laid down the The1 Soviet economy has increased line that there are many roads to production since Khrushchev fell. But Communism, and that the Soviet ex- there are now 15 to 20 million more So- perience does not have to be slavishly viet mouths to be fed than in 1964. imitated by all nations. Moreover, he And while the Soviet standard of liv- set a historic precedent in 1955 when ing has risen, the rise has hardly been he publicly apologized to President fast enough to satisfy an increasingly Tito for Stalin's excommunication of consumption-oriented society. The the Yugoslav Communists in 1948. present unexplained delay in putting And it was. in Khrushchev's regime the new Ninth Five Year Plan before that a significant measure of autonomy ' the Soviet legislature is only one of was given the Eastern European coun- , the &raws pointing toward continu- tries, thus opening the way for the^J ing economic difficulties. considerable degree of independence^* won this past decade by Rumania ^ But it is among Soviet intellectuals 1 —scientists, writers, teachers and the The passing of Khrushchev creates ?} like—that the most positive re-evalua- a very different situation, from thatj. tion £f Khrushchev has taken place which evolved after the murder op- tSresef last several years. Leon Trotsky. No orthodox Commu-' While he ruled, these elite groups nist party today, not even the Chinese; tended to view Khrushchev as a crude, pays tribute to Trotsky. By definition, uneducated 'and unpredictable boor. all Trotskyites belong to an opposi- TheyJwere grateful to him for cracking tion group.' outside the regular Com- the Stalin myth, for releasing millions munist world. • fromsthe slave labor camps, for lift- But today's Pravda obituary of ing the , and for greatly Khrushchev, despite its minimal na- widening the area of free speech and ture, places him within the limits of free firess, notably by permitting the - permissible Communist variation. He publication of 's as not considered an enemy of Marx- classjie novel, "One Day in the Life ism-Leninism, merely a bungler who of Ivan Denisovich." 'failed to measure up to his high re- But they -were repelled by what': . sponsibftities. theyr_ considered his uncultured be- The door is therefore open for others havior—notably his performance bang- in the years ahead to use his ideas, ing his shoe at the United Nations his points of view and his prestige to in 1960. They resented his support help move the Communist world, in- of the. charlatan biologist, Trofiiri Ly- ' eluding the Soviet Union, toward a senk|>. And most of all they were more democratic and more humane bittef at his recurrent tendency to form of socialism than that which retreat from liberal attitudes and to now exists. denounce publicly some of the Soviet Union's most eminent intellectuals. Harry Schwartz is a member of the Sefen years of the post-Khrushchev editorial board of The Times. THE NEW YORK TIMES, Monday 13 September 1971.

$ Lands Cool to Khrushchev

munist' party; newspaper, ran after he became party chief By MARTIN GANSBERG a headluie yesterday; over five in 1953. It mentioned his speech Communist countries .appeared of its eight columns, on Page 1' to the 1956 party Congress de- yesterday to be slowly inform- that.read: "Khrushchev Is Dead nouncing the methods of Stalin. ing their people: of: the; death —A Protagonist of a 'Decade of The obituary concluded by on Saturday of. Nikita S. Soviet and International Life saying of Mr. Khrushchev: "The Khrushchev, with; short notices passed Away in Moscow."- full story of his life and times in newspapers and ibrief reports : The newspaper also, published is the story of the rise of the on televisiori? and. 'radio. a report from its-Moscow Soviet Union and its people to In Washington,''there was no bureau noting that the Soviet the very forefront of world af- of ficiar statement on Mr. Khru- capital's two. afternoon newk- fairs." shchev's death. Other non- papers and Tass, the official President Anwar el-Sadat of Communist governments issued press . agency; had , not men- Egypt described Mr. Khrush- no comment.either. . ' tioned Mr. Khrushchev's death. chev last night as "one of the In Poland, the. newspapers A front page' editorial -in greatest. leaders of the Soviet carried articles, no' longer than L'Unita by Giancarlo Pajetta, a Union." His name will be "im- a .single paragraph on their member of the party's direc- mortalized by history," he said frontpages. Thiere was no-com: torate, said that Mr. Khru- irr messages to Soviet leaders menif rbm the .Government, and shchev "was human, but he and the Khrushchev family. television reports'used.-no film was really a man, an unforget- In Brussels, Marc Drumeaux, of the. former Soviet Premier. table comrade." chairman of the Belgian Com- In Cuba, a radio statipn:that In London, the Communist munist party, said in a state broadcasts news. contihubusly Morning Star printed a favor- ment yesterday that the peoples made no announcement o_f the able two column obituary on of the world owe adebt of grat- . death of Mr. 'Khrushchev in its the jdeath 9f Mr. .Khrushchev, itude to Mr. Khrushchev^ "He ^Saturday reports. The Cuban 5 tribute for the contributed:to.' delaying a new Communist newspaper, Granma, [made in Soviet life world war,"" he said. >' «'does' not - publish over the

^H'S Rumanians Quiet ,' " newspapers in? Ru- ania did not carry word of the ,v._^tji' and radio and television y'statiohs also ignored the news. KAhv official at . Agerpress, the : ; state-run news agency, said 1 there would be no comment un- »til today. :, Spokesmen for the .Commu- nist party in the United States declined' to -comment on Mr. Khrushchev's death, although one man said that he -thought there would be an official state- ment in The Daily World, 'the party's newspaper, this week. Editors of1 the! newspaper could not be reached by telephone yesterday. -: - -. 'i. . What reaction there .was seemed to be .limited in some eases to personal- messages to Mr. Khrushchev's widow, Nina. Leaders of parties in several countries sent messages of cpn- dolence '^arid mild tribute. • •-''..'. In Yugoslavia, for .example, : Marshal. Tito - sent a telegram of sympathy to Mrs.- Khrush- chev, but the text was not made public.\ And 'in Rome, Luigi Longo/ secretary • general of the. Italian Communist party, said in a message to Mrs Khrushchev that her husband was " a sincere fnend of our people and a passionate worker for ,peacet and socialism "j, v -^ 'iKe^ltalian^ fCo*m- THE NEW YORK TIMES, Monday 13 September 1971.

Khrushchev Deatl In Cool Language

By BERNARD GWERTZMAN Special to The New York Times MOSCOW, Monday, Sept. 13 —Soviet authorities this morn- ing broke their silence and an- ounced "with sorrow" the eath on Saturday of former remier Nikita S. Khrushchev, vho will be buried later today without full state honors. A brief obituary in Pravda, he Communist party paper, avoided any praise of the man who had dominated Soviet po- itical life for 11 years before he was ousted by the current iremlin leaders seven years igo and was relegated to scurity in his own country. The announcement, made public by Tass, the Soviet press agency, a few hours before Pravda was to be distributed said: - • • Associated Press '.'The Central .Committee 'ot, •--'-»>;!::•- v^.Vf^W' . '&.'»', I FRENCH HEAR OF KHRUSHCHEV'S DEATH: Men, taking part in a festival in Paris Confined. :pn.Page.-3,Colmnntl 1 sponsored by a Communist newspaper, listening to a radio in front of the Soviet booth. Ay Moscow Denies Khrushchev Honor!

Continued From Page 1, Col. 4 tics. What can I say?" a long ors and his ashes were placet haired youth said. in the Kremlin wall. Many mil- the Soviet Communist party "Some people will say tlia itary men, some of whose abil- and the Council of Ministers of he was stupid," a woman ice ities were questionable, have the U.S.S.R. announce with sor- cream vendor said. "Some wil also been honored in the Krem- row that on Sept. 11, 1971, say he was 'a gocd man. Bu lin wall. after a severe and long illness, lie was retired so v/hat does i1 It is assumed hi diplomatic the former First Secretary of matter." circles here that Mr. Brezhnev, the Central Committee and Yesterday was a lazy Indian the party General Secretary, Chairman of the Council of summer Sunday, one of the last who replaced Mr. Khrushchev Ministers, special pensioner Ni- before the wintry v/inds move as' the country's top figure, de- kita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, into the capital, and thousands cided that it would be political- died in his 78th year." of Muscovites were in parks ly embarrassing for the Krem- . It was signed by the Centra and at their country cottages lin to honor a man who is Committee of the party and the for a last bit of warmth. One now described in Soviet refer- Council of Ministers, and not of the favorite places was the ence works as a man given to by any of his former Kremlin Novodevichye Cemetery, where "hare-brained schemes," and colleagues, such as Leonid I Mr. Khrushchev is scheduled to who acted in a "subjective" Brezhnev, Aleksei N. Kosygin be buried. manner, whose plans for re- or Nikolai V. Podgorny, per- But there, as in other parts organization of the party sonally, as official obituaries of town, no one was talking were poorly designed, and who usually are listed. about Mr. Khrushchev. At the failed to consult with the other far end of the new section of members of the top leadership. Nor was the time of his fun- the cemetery, a young work- eral or any information about it man was digging a grave next Ironically, the man whom .provided to the Soviet people, to those of people unknown Mr. Khrushchev sought to dis'* , 'as are funerals accorded high abroad, credit — Stalin — is buried . leaders who are given full state next to the Kremlin walVSawJ' . i'hbnors. Mr. Khrushchev will be Workman Reacts only last year a bust was'tjiiK •'•llSried in the Novodevichye He was .asked if the grave stalled in his honor. 'StaliS "Monastery Cemetery in Mos- was for Mr. Khrushchev. 'He died in 1953 while in offfief ;cow, a burial place for many exclaimed. "How should 1 and his death was a times® . . Russian notables, but a notch tnow. I di'g 30 graves a day. national grief for -the majority .-Wbjlow the Kremlin wall where Mo 'one tells me who they are of Russians who did notMfrfpw .ijiSalJ' other top party leaders have for." or refused to believe tha&fe* <>i'een interred. was responsible for the':fhs«s In Novodevichye are the ir Np Public Ceremonies graves of such famous Russian arrests and backward state bf writers as Vladimir Mayakov- the Soviet economy. Moreover, reflecting the re- sky, Aleksei Tolstoy, Nikolai The Pravda obituary differed fusal of the Kremlin leaders to Ostrovsky, and such of public rom the usual effusive eulo- end Mr. Khrushchev's political igures as former Foreign Min- gies that are printed in. honor disgrace, there will be no pub- ster , and phy- of leading Soviet figures. The lic funeral ceremonies. His sicist Igor Tamm. reference to "special pensioner" Xamilyihas told Western corres- The families of Kremlin neant that upon his forced re- pondents that farewell remarks eaders"areoth party propagandists and over the radio this morning, fremlln wall breaks wiCh a >y ordinary Russians as a sig- was the first official word to ime-honored tradition. Just nal that even in his death there the Soviet people about the ast December, Nikolai M. would be no change in the offi- death of the 'colorful Mr. Shvernik, who was a much less cial evaluation of Mr. Khru- Khrushchev, who achieved mportant figure than Mr. hchev, which, since his ouster, significant popularity for his Khrushchev, received full hon- has been quite negative. anti-Stalin campaign . and his promises of peace and pros- perity, but who was scorned by many in his last years as leader for inefficient economic policies and crude public be- havior. Western newsmen had 3earned of his death quickly, and foreign radio stations have [broadcast the news to the VSovtet without let-up for the Blast two days. But this did not push the authorities into mak- ing an early announcement. Wording Was Sensitive Western diplomats believed that the exact wording of the obituary was such a sensitive task that it probably required Politburo approval. And since the top Jeaders were scattered in different country and city •houses over the weekend, it probably took time to get a consensus on how to treat the news. Although many Russians are known to listen to foreign broadcasts, interviews on the Moscow streets yesterday pro- duced virtually no one who or Nikolai v. Fodgorny, per urgaiu^iiLLuu ui uitJ pany sonally, as official obituaries of town, no one was talking were poorly designed, and who usually are listed. about Mr. Khrushchev. At the failed to consult with the other : Nor was the time of his fun- far end of the new section of members of the top leadership. . eral or any information about it the cemetery, a young work- Ironically, the man whom .provided to the Soviet people man was digging a grave next Mr. Khrushchev sought to dis* •:as are funerals accorded high to those of people unkno^vTl credit — Stalin — is buried ."leaders who are given full state next to the Kremlin wall,'-can'd; •'''honors. Mr. Khrushchev will be Workman Reacts only last year a bust wasViiBi •'','lDu.ried jn the Novodevichye He was asked if the grave stalled in his honor. St'aji'tf 'Monastery Cemetery in Mos- was for Mr. Khrushchev, 'He died in 1953 while in office! ,;cbw, a 'burial place for many exclaimed. "How should I and his death was a tirae'foi ..Bussian notables, but a notch know. I dig 30 graves a day. national grief for -the majority' ''fJj'Slow the Kremlin wall where No one tells rne who they are of Russians who did notMSfoM "i';ali"other top party leaders have for." or refused to believe tna'f£he interred. In Novodevichye are the was responsible for the iraa'sV No Public Ceremonies graves of such famous Russian arrests and backward state%f writers as Vladimir Mayakov- the Soviet econpmy. Moreover, reflecting the 're- sky, Aleksei Tolstoy, , Nikolai .The Pravda obituary differed fusal of the Kremlin leaders to 3strovsky, and such of public from the usual effusive eulo- end Mr. Khrushchev's political figures as former Foreign Min- gies that are printed in honor disgrace; there will be no pub- ister Maxim Litviuov, and phy- of leading Soviet figures. The lic funeral ceremonies. His sicist Igor Tamm. reference to "special pensioner" familyihas told Western corres meant that upon his forced re- pondents that farewell remarks The families of Kremlin : leaders 'are: also here— Nadezh- tirement he was awarded a will be made at the Kremlin da Alliliiyeva, wife of Stalin, private pension and did not Hospital in the Kuntsevo sec- as is the wife of Premier have to receive only the social tion of Moscow, where he died Kosygin. security benefit awarded on the of a heart attack around noon But the refusal of authorities basis of salary and seniority. on Saturday. :o allow -Mr. Khrushchev to The cool tone of the notice The Pravda announcement, lave a -Red Square funeral was sure to be interpreted by which will probably be read ceremony with burial in the both party propagandists and over the radio this morning, Kremlin wall breaks with a by ordinary Russians as a sig- was the first official word to time-honored tradition. Just nal that even in his death there the Soviet people about the .ast December, Nikolai M. would be no change in the offi- death of the colorful Mr. Bhvernik, who was a much less cial evaluation of Mr. Khru- Khrushchev, who achieved important figure than Mr. shchev, which, since his ouster, significant popularity for his Khrushchev, received full hon- has been quite negative. anti-Stalin campaign and his promises of peace and pros- perity, but who was scorned by many in his last years as leader for inefficient economic policies and crude public be- havior, Western newsmen }iad learned of his death quickly, and foreign radio stations have (broadcast the news to the iSoviet without let-up for the {last two days. But this did not push the authorities into mak- ing an early announcement. Wording Was Sensitive Western diplomats believed that the exact wording of the obituary was such a sensitive task that it probably required Politburo approval. And since the top leaders were scattered in different country and city houses over the weekend, it probably took time to get a consensus on how to treat the news. Although many Russians are known to listen to foreign broadcasts, interviews on the Moscow streets yesterday pro- duced virtually no one who knew of Mr. Khrushchev's death. And . when informed about it, peo'ple from all walks of life and; all age groups, seemed to share a mutual in- difference. "He was an old man," one art student said. "He did some good things. But he made many mistakes." "I am not interested in poli- THE NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday 14 September 1971.

•\ A

'(••: •v 'exti of Tributes JPai§||^:ii^ichev at His Furieral

Special to Tne New York Times the hearts of his family,- ;irr' with our enemies, one who MOSCOW, Sept. 13—Fol- the hearts of his many 'Communist Party brought us up and led our lowing are the texts of friends, and we do not want .party organization. : funeral orations for Nikita S. to give our hearts away. Be- Its Condolences Let me say one last fare- Khrushchev delivered by his cause for me to speak would The ^Communist pgftjr of" well to Nikita Sergeyevich son, Sergei; by Nadezhda mean to say nothing. the United States sjjSiT yes- on behalf of thqse who had Dimanshtein, an Old Bolshe- But there is one thing I terday; that its leaclfers had the fortune to ' 'work Under vik, and by Vadim Vasilyev, would like to say. We have his leadership. lost someone who had every sent ahcablegram expressing son of a Communist official condolences on the .'death By executed in the Stalin purges, right to be called a man. last Saturday of t'lsfiklfca,• S. as monitored and translated Unfortunately, there are not Khrushchev to the .''S.bviet On behalf of the younger by The New York Times at many real people like him. CommOnist party,arid fc Mrs. communists, if we can be Novodevichye Cemetery here: That, is actually all I wanted Khrushchev. ••'•'•- '','••-' called young, Vadim Vasil- 1 to say. The :.'( yev, a Communist and son of By Sergei Khrushchev There are two others here express our con a purged Bolshevik, would We have no official meet- who would like to say a few you, dear corfl now like to say a wprsl. He ing, no ' official speeches. words, and I would like to through you to q knew Nikita Sergeyevich for Therefore I would simply like ask .Nadezhda Dimanshtein Petrovna. Comf many years and worked with to try to push her way : to say a few words about the Sergeyevich Khfjji i man we are burying here, the through if she can. She is an ergetic' end By. Vadim Vasilyev man for whom we are shed- old revolutionary from the to Soviet socie|p|s|Worker,' Donets Basin, a woman who -Dear, comrades. It is very ding tears, and the sky is soldier:; and stajfl3tfi|h in the shedding tears with us. helped make the Revolution, interest of sj^altsm and hitter, 'very bitter for me. to' ,, a Communist. speak'' ojv this occasion,:' on,,' I will not speak about him world peace Tfntijjife' long re- this sad event in the life of as a great statesman. On that By Nadezhda Dimanshtein membejred wi^i' rtp'hor." . subject a great deal was said The 'ttiessaj*e&$ras. signed our nation and of the entire Dear friends, dear com- world. It is, hot easy for me in the last few days, with by Henry wMstsn, national to speak. :',.;, rHall is the the northern forest, are the to me to appraise the contri- group of Donets Communists. party's! candidate for Presi- graves of my father and my We remember Nikita Sergey- grandfather, who perished in butions made by Nikita Ser- dent in the 1972 national the tragic year '37., It was geyevich, my father. I 'have evich as an unbending prole- election, tarian, one who was to us, Nikita Sergeyevich who re- no right to do_ that. That will stored honor and dignity to be done, and is already being the younger people, an ex- our dead relatives. It was done, byi history. ample of fortitude, of hero- cow p%rty organization, the meetings of the leadership deep respect for him that The only thing I can say is ism, an example of unbend- brought me here, and I grieve that he left few people indif- ing will, of unbending pas- of the: Moscow'' city party sion in defense of the party committee eopstituted a real deeply for him, and with me ferent to him. There were school^? Bolshevism. my daughter and my wife. thos^e who loved him, there line. ;; were those who hated him, We watched this man, in And; that was tlie way we By Sergei Khrushchev but there were few who fighting for the party line, alwaysi, saw him, a man who It looks as if we will pro- would pass by without look- sweep away everything that lived !with the thoughts of nounce no more speeches. ing in his direction. was low, everything that the party's deeds, the deeds Much could be said and it Nor do I want to speak served the personal interest. of our; nation and of all would take a long time, but about him as my father at He was an example of a real mankirid. : ' it seems to me that there is this family farewell, even party man, a real Bolshevik. Thaif: image, /comrades, wiM no need. We have bade fare- though many people have He reared the broad masses remain; in the .hearts of all well to Nikita Sergeyevich. come, because it is not easy of Donets Communists and those v&ho had* the .fortune to Let us now close this meet- for us to get used to the word proletarians. He reared huge work fcith Nikita Sergeye- ing. My only request to you. "was." It is not easy. numbers .of people.,^ , .vich, ail those who knew is not to crowd, f and to mqvel; We knew him in different Later, for many ofi\is who him, all -those who saw him ways, but he was one of us. worked with him in the Mos- engaged,-;m stubborn battles He., is. ifeourr,hear,tss^nd4-h THE WEVf YOBK. TIMES, Tuesday Ik September 1971-

Lauds KhrusKcfiev at Rites paid virtually no attention to Yevgeni=v y Yevtushenko, who had the passing ot a man whose stronglstrc y supported Mr. Khrush- efforts to expose Stalin's crimes chchev'e s anti-Stalin policy but MOSCOW, Sept. and to live at peace with the -•'•wh•o had often run afoul of him, '. Khrushchev was .buried to- Western world gained him paid his respects. lay in a simple ceremony from worldwide popularity. i the Soviet leaders were A hearse, a bus" with a paint- t but which was marked '. He was denied a ed black "border and a door at in-Red Square —* If has- been the rear, received the coffin, by a statement of homage from given to much lesser figures—- and the family joined it in the his son. and '°no official, attended; i1th--e bt-u:'- for the 30-minute ride to Sergei N. Khrushchev, chok- only gesture was a wreath i..n. the cemetery, some three miles ing back tears, spoke as he thfh e name of the Central Com- from the Kremlin. stood in the heavy rain on a mittee andHhe Government. The ceremonial began with a mound of earth beside the open The funeral in a small corner silx-piece band playing Chopin's grave. at the back of the 400-year- FFuneral March. The rains grew Of his father, who died at old Novodevichye Monastery, heavier. Flowers were added to age 77, he said: "I will^ not was .not announced, • but some the bier,' ov6r which an um- speak about him as a great 300 people Stood' on., nearby brella was held, and family and statesman. On that subject'a streets. There was little 'emotion friends paid last respects. Oc- great deal was said in the last amdhg them', reflecting a ge'n- casionally a .member of the few days, with rare exceptions, e'r,al attitude of indifference.'.. family,';would lean over and by newspapers of the entire .Special Passes Required ' kiss Mr,.' ..Khrushchev on the •world, by all radio stations." forehead: He added that it was not up If. any one had wanted to Sergei .Khrushchev, without to him but to history-to apip- attend the' funeral, he would a_ raincoat or umbrella, walked praise his father's contribu- have been blocked by'-some to the- gravesite and spoke tions. thousand soldiers and police- slowly and, precisely. Then he Few Were 'Indifferent men, augmented by security int' ':roducei d an old revolution- agents, who admitted only _y, Nadezh'.a Dimanshtein, who "The only thing 1 can say," those with special passes. How- iais.fro. m th'ebonets Basin, where the 36-year-old engineer went ever, at the wish of the family, MIr, Khrushchev .started his ca- on, "is that .he. left few people which seemed moved by the at-ree" r _some 50 years ago. indifferent to "him."' There were 1 were tention, foreign newsmen were Dissident Is Kept Away Cnlied press Iniernatlona]' those who loved him; there admitted. -.- were those who hated Him,. The family and friends gath- "We -. remember Nikita Ser- SOVIET LEADER'S TOMBSTONE: .Marker in Ndvodevichye Monastery Cemetery bears buMhere were few who woululdd ered this,morning at a-small geyevich as an unbending pro- simply the name Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevitch, and dates of his birth and death. pass<.by without looking fa his building at the, Kremlin'(Hos- letarian," she s|id, "one who. pital in the outskirts of Mos- was to', us, the younger people, IV, 1894—1971. 11. DC." It was "We"have lost someone who a iri example of fortitude;:,- of After the coffin was lowered institutions, was placed on the - cow.'-The bu'iJdingV which looks i grave near a simple marble the first time his picture had had every, right to be called a something like a chapel but'.,jJ: J Heroism, an example of im- into the grave and had been been seen in public in nearlj man," he '3aid. "UnfortunatelyV,i this atheistic 'country• is'-call0-nuieid bending', will, of unbending covered with earth, Mrs,: ieadstQne that reads "Khrush- there are not many real people The Hall of Farewell, contained passion fa defense of the party Khrushchev put a red.rose:?oj| |teyjSI'fikita Sergeyevich, 17. seven years. like him." ' . Mr. Khrushchev's embalmeL—„„.„.d„ I"1*:" " -s •::'•'' the ground and burst into'teps! Friends of the :,Khm sncnev body ly.ing on a -flower-covered A1 tribute was also paid -by .< ijen hundreds of JFlowerKT family interpreted thaf T v remark bier. His 26 military and state Vi-idijidim Vasilyev,.'a yoiingynan:fiu varieties were added'Sapi as a criticism of the ?.current decorations were pinned to a whose father and grandfather four large "wreaths crowned-iiiL leaders, who did not honor even velvet -cloth. were executed m . the. Stalin grave—one from the fanjily? in death the man who domi- For: about 40 minutes his years. . ' one from "a group of cbmi nated Soviet political life for wife Nina, a black veil over her Another who is the son _OJ rades," the one from the Geri- 11 years. Since they ousted him 'ace, .sjtood silently- by withe, "'cti„ m of Stalin's repression tral Committee and Govern- Sergqi and her three daughters, wa.._s detained-ly,the p9lice,aiid jj,ent, and one from Anastas L October, 1964,-he was force:sd t.o. Yulial Sada and Yelena. prevented, from ..attending the Mikoyan, a former Kremlin col- live in isolation and his name Aleksei S. Adzhubei, husb: "jneral on the .-ground that.lie. league of Mr. Krushchev's, was rarely mentioned. of Rada"> and chief editor [ould^coramii a% ^antisocial"". Mr. Mikoyan's son Sergo, a Aside from a one-sentence Izvestia while Mr. Khrushchev ait. Fy/otr , 1. "Yakir, whose specialist on , at- announcement in the news- was in power, walked outside f&Ke:tKerii !Gen..loria E. Yakir, was tended the funeral. papers today, two days after :he building, occasionally' goi- ceSufed Bi;.I937,-is.i. leading Finally,. Mr. Khrushhchev'i s Mr. Khrushchev died of a heart ng inside, where"' funeral musif . attack, the,.Sqviet leaders have : illed the small-room.^rhe; st the^hrjislichev family. which ' THE BOSTON GLOBE, Tuesday Ik September 2971.

: trushchei^ ,'v .wa s• a' plui "s !...-' •' •>*.':•: "•.-..'• .'•-;• ..;::•' .- • . 1. - . are .many things Sbth;gpod'; "and short-legged, he was 'dowh-to- .that .can b'e .said--about 'earth .and '.with an" element of the , Ni'kfta S. Khrushchev, .who.,ran the ••" clownisA about him,-.at ho time better I • exemplified than in his 1959-tour off Spytet Union - for 11 years r.andwho. this country-with his polar opposite,! ;buried as a "pensioner" -most the former ambassador to the United and without full state honors^, Nations, Henry Cabot Lodge. in a cemetery well away from the Kremlin-, arid-, Red .Square. ., , . All that does not make a states- man. But what did, perhaps, was . JrirHe was. coarse,, earthy'and some- Khrushchev's realization that a new times vulgar. .His shpe-banging at the age existed in both Russia and the Ujaited Nations .-will not sbpn be.fdr- United States. Having risen in a brutal' system, he could count the building i of Moscow's world- ' renowned • sub way. -as one accom- plishment. But perhaps his greatest ;was his unmasking of the crimes of, Stalinism and his release of millions from the slave labor camps. He could.?; .bVhard on Soviet writers and lectuals, but he let them publish speak, which' is more than -can said of his predecessors and cessors; -• - ' : • The Cuban missile crisis was entirely the US victory it was pfc-" tliredi-here; '.Khrushchev pulled out the missiles; but we,had to promise not to try to invade Cuba again. And after all the , the cold war began to thaw and the earth bit by bit became a relatively safer place He could and ,did miscalcu'- to inhabit. as.wh'en he installed his missiles Cuba in 1962. Peasant-born, he Even after Khrushchev was de- . "used expressions which did not- posed seven years ago, it was some- thing that .he was not, Stalin-style, cQnyey to more educated Russians, liquidated. • He lived out his life, in aijd^even less to the outside world, peace, arid that is all that most of us what he intended to say, as when he ask. seemed to threaten that "We.will bupyyou' : ' . The evaluation of Khrushchev by - • • the present hierarchy in, Moscow is Khrushchev, while hardened^ decidedly negative. But time may the Communist mold, had: certain change that, as it has so many other " things.. Si THE MEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday 15 September 1971.

(Ordinary Russians Pay Tribute to Khrushche^^dSome Deplore Way Officials Ignored His Death — . - —:—• '— -— • '!."' •* By THEODORE SHABAD threatening skies, people sion for the cultivation of printed in provincial news- lettering on a red linen rib- "At. least, anyone has free Those who appeared to be carefully placed them on top ' Special to Th* New Yorli Tlmei speaking in muted tones com, particularly after a papers. , . bqn that bore the name of access 'to the grave," said a better informed than most of the grave before joining i sought to reconstruct the de- visit to 'the rich farmlands At the grave, heaped with the crowd as it filed out. . J MOSCOW, Sept. 14— Clus- pine twigs and fresh flow- Anastas I. Mikoyan, the only woman as a policeman sta- passed on tidbits about the tails of the funeral yesterday, of the United States corn ters of ordinary citizens gath- ers, Russians peered at the former associate of Mr. tioned nearby to keep order funeral, which was attended Jail Penalty for Manson': ered around the grave of Ni- from which all but family belt in 1959. framed photograph of Mr. Khrushchev who sent a looked on with nothing to do. by about 200 people. and friends were excluded. Except for one-sentence Khrushchev above a slab of wreath. Many of those who Iia3 "No one was there," said LOS ANGELES, Sept. 14 (AP) kita S. Khrushchev today to "It is a disgrace," said a white marble on which his "Attaboy, Mikoyan!" the traveled to the cemetery in a woman, alluding to the —Charles Manson, cult leader reminisce about the man who announcements within black' man in a worn leather coat. borders qn the front pages name and the dates of his man exclaimed. "He was not a southwestern district of absence of any leading offi- sentenced to death for the Tate- led their country for 11 years "They should have given him birth -and death had been afraid." Moscow appeared to be sym- cials. "Just his wife and LaBianca killings, has lost his . until he fell into disfavor with Red Square. After all, he did of Pravda ; and Izvestia, ,. the carved in gilt letters. "Oh, a traitor," someone pathizers of the one-time other relatives. They brought fight for his country and he principal-, national newspa- "That's an old picture," a chimed in, laughing. "So he Premier and Communist him here straight from the visitor privilege for 10 days be- his official associates. planted corn." pers, the Soviet press has man said knowingly. "He broke with the ranks. How party leader. Their reactions hospital where he had died." cause he set fire to the bedding As the group around the The man was referring to not mentioned the name of must have been 50 at the1 do you like that?" seemed to contrast with" the It was nearly closing time. In his cell, according to the • grave 'near the rear wall Mr. Klirushchev'3 wartime Mr. Khrushchev, who died time." • ... , :,,;:. ..Older people took a more indifference to his death A middle-aged woman gath- prison authorities. Manson set : service as a leading military Saturday at the age of 77., A white-haired .man :witrii positive view of the situa- voiced by others in the last ered up a few flowers that fire to blankets yesterday, they, . of' Novbdevichye Cemetery 1 [.swfelled.-.ana thinned under commissar and to his pas- The death notice was not re- a full beard notices the'rg61ii> tiijfl.- - few days. - • had fallen to the ground and said. ; ' TO: THE SECRETARY. GENERAL

v ^^^^^^^^^T^^^^^W

av Last week at the luncheon of the Scholarship Fund of the United Nations Correspondents Association, I attempted to develop the theme "The Role of the Secretary-General". In the course of my speech I said that much of my time has "been spent in attempts to exercise good offices in one form or another, and the less publicity there is during or after these efforts, the more successful they are likely to "be. The success of such exercise requires total discretion and the co-operation, restraint and goodwill of the parties concerned. In many ways the Secretary-General*s activities in the sphere of good offices may "be compared to an iceberg; only a small portion is actually visible^ if ot allJ\and a very substantial part remains submerged. Tonight I am illustrating this point with a purpose. For over two years the question of Soviet citizens of the Jewish faith who want to leave the Soviet Union has been receiving very wide attention. The question of human rights vis-a-vis the concept of the domestic jurisdiction of a Member State as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 7, of the Charter has been a perennial preoccupation of many Member States in several deliberative organs of the United Nations. This is an area where the Secretary-General may be able to help, in spite of the legal and practical limitations, by the discreet exercise of his good offices. In the course of the last two years many requests and appeals from Soviet citizens of the Jewish faith wishing to leave the Soviet Union for Israel have been officially brought to my attention. I have received such appeals, individually or collectively, from some 800 persons, and have in all cases undertaken to do all within my power to help, while at the same - 2 - time pointing out that in such matters the greatest discretion and lack of publicity are essential. Last month I was gratified to be informed officially that more than k-QQ out of 800 appellants on my list were now in Israel. At the same time appreciation was expressed for my efforts in this delicate matter. I very much hope that this favourable trend will continue. It was far from my intention to mention this matter publicly during my tenure as Secretary-General, not least because I realize that any public statement might well jeopardize my future usefulness in this regard. However, the erroneous impression has been given that the world Organization is not concerned with such problems, that nothing is being done, and that public pressure, sometimes of a violent kind, will help to promote a solution. In fact, my office has been receiving a continuous flow of criticism and com- plaints, some of them violent to the point of irrationality, on this matter. This tide of uninformed abuse comes both from individuals and from organizations which accuse the United Nations of indifference, apathy, impotence and worse. In all fairness to the United Nations, and indeed to all those with whom I have dealt on this question, which is a difficult one for all concerned, it therefore seemed to me necessary now to make a brief statement of the facts of the matter. I very much hope that this disclosure will not put an end to the understanding attitude with which my approaches have been met concerning a question of great difficulty and delicacy, and to the favourable developments which seem now to be taking place. Under my general obligation as Secretary-General to do what I can in humanitarian matters, I have tried to help in this, as in similar questions, and would hope that the above-mentioned facts and figures will speak for themselves. f^ '«* «*-.,

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