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Table of Contents Item Transcript DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Lazar Ulitsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID STP051.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4td9n98r ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM TRANSCRIPT ENGLISH TRANSLATION 2 CITATION & RIGHTS 17 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 1/17 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Lazar Ulitsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID STP051.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4td9n98r ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN TRANSCRIPT ENGLISH TRANSLATION —Today is September 23, 2008. We are speaking to a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. First, please introduce yourself. Please tell us about your family, the school you attended, your life before the war, how you joined the army, and about your wartime years. Please, go ahead. My name is Lazar Naftulovich Ulitsky. I was born on January 12, 1923, into a public servant's family in Belaya Tserkov [Bila Tserkva], Kiev [Kyiv] Oblast. I was the fourth and youngest child in my family. My oldest sister was twice my age. She graduated from the Kiev Finance and Economics Institute and was the director of the Planning Department at the Chubar Plant. I am not sure if this plant still exists. The second oldest was my brother who was studying in some kind of technical school in Kharkov [Kharkiv]. I do not remember the name. My other brother was three years older than me and went to school. My mother got sick with septicemia after I was born and was sick for a long time. She died in 1937 in the Academician Strazhevsky’s Clinic in Kiev. Her diagnosis was nephritis, a chronic progressive kidney disease. We moved to Kiev. My father, my brother, and I moved to Kiev, where my oldest sister lived, in 1937. We lived on Kuznechnaya Street, which later was renamed Gorky Street. There I entered the eighth grade of the Ukrainian Secondary School No. 135, which was not far from the university on Karavaevskaya Street, I believe. You had to go down the hill along the fence of the botanical garden, and we slid on our school bags to school in the winter. I finished tenth grade at School No. 235. I was a Komsomol organizer at school. Then . I graduated with straight As and was accepted to the Sanitary and Hygiene Department of the 1st Kiev Medical institute without any exams. I was elected the Komsomol organizer of my group there as well. I was a good student. However, somewhere around early April 1941, the Komsomol Committee called me into the office and asked, “Do you know that clouds are gathering over our country?" Clouds as in war, clouds of war. I said, “Yes, I read the newspapers.” “The Komsomol Committee has discussed this issue and would like to ask you to talk to your group’s Komsomol members and convince them to volunteer for the army. Of course, you need to choose the healthiest ones that are physically fit to enlist.” I realized it was an order rather than a request and it was impossible to argue or to hesitate. I realized I had a choice between putting my Komsomol ticket on the table and following the committee’s recommendation. I spoke to people and talked three more people into joining. We wrote to the military recruitment office volunteering to enlist into the army. It was in early April. On June 22, we started the day as usual. We lived on Reitarskaya Street in Kiev, which was behind Saint Sophia Cathedral and close to the Dnieper and Bohdan Khmelnytsky Square. That morning, around 8 o’clock, my father, my older brother, and I were having breakfast. We lived on the first floor. Suddenly we heard loud noises similar to explosions or thunder. My father said, “Kids, let's go see what is going on there.” We came out and saw planes in the air. My father said, “I am so tired of these endless military exercises and maneuvers of the Kiev Military District.” We were about to turn around and 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 2/17 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Lazar Ulitsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID STP051.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4td9n98r ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN go back when my father saw and pointed out the bombs that were dropped from the planes onto the bridge across the Dnieper. It was not far from our house. No more or even less than a kilometer away from us. He said, “This is not an exercise. The war has started. Let’s quickly finish breakfast.” I remembered this phrase. We went home, ate breakfast, and at noon Molotov announced on the radio that the Germans crossed the border and started the war against the Soviet Union without a declaration. Several days later I went to the military commissariat, since I already submitted my application to enlist. They looked at my application, registered me right on the spot, and gave me a referral to the Kharkov [Kharkiv] Medical Military School. I got there by the end of June. It took some time to fill out the paperwork, issue orders, collect information, take care of uniforms, and so on. We took an oath. On July 3 the order was issued to enlist us as cadets of the Kharkov Medical Military School. My military service started on July 3, 1941. We started studying. Because of the war, it took us only six or seven months to finish a three-year school. However, we did not graduate in Kharkov. At first, when the Germans captured Kiev and were drawing close to Kharkov, we were transformed into a rifle regiment and sent to defend Kharkov. We were digging anti-tank counterscarps to prevent tanks from entering the city. We spent about a month at the construction of defensive works outside of Kharkov. Then suddenly it was announced, I don't remember the date, that in accordance with the order of the Supreme Commander all Kharkov schools—not just medical military schools, all schools—were to be evacuated to the east. We returned from the defense line. There was already shooting and we heard that the enemy was approaching. Still, we prepared the defense line and built protective works for our retreating troops. We were sent back to the school. The entire school, down to the cabinets, was loaded onto the train overnight. Library books, cabinets, everything was loaded onto the train. We left Kharkov at dawn and went to Baku. German planes bombed us along the way, but we were lucky. Nobody was injured and we reached Baku safely. There we got off the train and were told to wait for a steamship from Krasnovodsk that was to cross the Caspian Sea. We boarded the ship and went to Ashgabat, where we unloaded everything from the ship to our permanent dislocation and resumed studying. We studied for a total of six or seven months. Then we took our final exams, obtained the title “military medic,” and went to Moscow to receive appointments to different fronts. We spent no longer than three or four days in the Central Military Medical Directorate in Moscow. After an interview, I received an appointment to go to the Kalinin Front, to the 150th Stalin Division made up of Siberian volunteers, which was near the town of Bely, in the vicinity of Smolensk. And it so happened that this division—it was called the 150th Stalin Division at the beginning of the war, but was later renamed the 22nd Stalin Guards Rifle Division. The entire corps that had three other divisions as well was named after Stalin, if I am not mistaken. This entire corps was encircled. When I arrived to the 469th Rifle Regiment of the 250th Division, the total number of soldiers was no greater than 300-350, even though there had been over 10,000 soldiers before it joined the fighting. When they went into that one battle, the number was greater than 3,000. The medical workers had to get out of the encirclement along with the rest of the regiment. When I came there and started to meet the team, I was very impressed to meet Maria Kalinovna Pavlenko, the commander of the stretcher-bearer platoon. There 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 3/17 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Lazar Ulitsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID STP051.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4td9n98r ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN was always a platoon of stretcher bearers in a medical company of the regiment, which carried the injured first to a battalion aid station and then to a regiment aid station. After receiving first aid, the injured people were transported to a medical-sanitary battalion. Anyhow, that Maria Kalinovna Pavlenko not only broke out of the encirclement by herself—she was the platoon commander—but also evacuated ten carts with the injured. Her name was put forward for the title Hero of the Soviet Union, but medics rarely received this award in 1942 and 1943. It almost never happened, so she received the Order of Lenin instead. She was the only woman in our division who had the Order of Lenin. The second remarkable woman we had was Olga Zhilina, who had the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of the Red Star. She also evacuated many injured soldiers from the encirclement and also acted admirably while in the encirclement. There was another combat medic, Lida Shcherbinina, who was also a hero. Later on, when our regiment became a Guards regiment, she came to me and said, “Commander, I want to join the sniper company.” I asked her why she wanted that given that she was a medic, and she said that the Germans had killed her father and older brother and she wanted to avenge them.
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