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Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park Common Name

Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park Common Name

Wild of Diablo Foothills Regional Park

Common Name Version

A Photographic Guide

Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes

Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District

New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes:

A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park

More than 2,000 of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved.

In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common color, and finally by similar looking (grouped by within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-':

COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of , Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.).

Revision: 3/7/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1

BRACKEN FERN (Pteridium aquilinum var. CALIFORNIA MAIDENHAIR (Adiantum jordanii) COFFEE FERN (Pellaea andromedifolia) Native GOLDENBACK FERN (Pentagramma triangularis pubescens) Native Perennial - Bracken Family - - Native Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Shaded Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Generally subsp. triangularis) Native Perennial - Brake Fern - Pastures, woodland, meadows, hillsides, partial hillsides, moist woodland - 8-28" long rocky or dry areas - Fronds 6-30" long, stem light Family - - - Gen shaded, sometimes rocky or to full sun - blades widely-triangular, gen with many rounded symmetrical segments, each brown. Leaf segments blunt, 0.24-0.6" long, wooded areas - Leaves triangular, 1.2-4" long, 0.5-5' long, gen 3x divided, hairy underneath. with < 4 irregular lobes. Cultivated. Sudden Oak 0.12-0.4" wide. undersides either granular green or powdery Death carrier. gold. Revision: 3/7/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2

COMMON HORSETAIL (Equisetum arvense) SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH (Equisetum POLYPODY FERN (Polypodium calirhiza) Native COASTAL WOOD FERN (Dryopteris arguta) Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - - - laevigatum) Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - Perennial - Polypody Family - - - On plants, rocky Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - - - Locally Streambanks, wet meadows, springs, other wet, - - Moist, sandy or gravelly areas - Stems 1 kind cliffs or outcrops, roadcuts, often granitic or common. Open, wooded slopes, caves - Leaf shaded places - Sterile stems 4-24" tall, 6-14 only, 12-71" tall, unbranched. Sheath w/dark volcanic, rarely dunes - Leaf blades 4-8" long, 12-24” long,5-12” wide, divided 1-2 times. sheath teeth. Fertile stems 4-13" tall, 6-10 sheath band only at the top. often widest above base, deeply lobed. Segments generally with spine-tipped teeth. teeth.

WESTERN SWORD FERN (Polystichum BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) SILVER HAIR GRASS () SLENDER WILD OAT ( barbata) munitum) Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - - - Common. Wooded hillsides, shaded slopes, Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) Sandy soils, open or disturbed sites - Flower Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets rarely cliffs, outcrops - Fronds gen 20-48" long, marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves cluster > 0.6" wide, diffuse with long slender 0.8-1.2" long. Awns 0.8-1.8" long. Lemma tip divided once. Segments usually separate, teeth 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap branches. Spikelets about 0.1" long with 2 bristles >= 0.1" long. EDIBLE whole or point to tips, scaly rachis. between flower types. extended awns. ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/7/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3

WILD OAT (Avena fatua) Naturalized Annual - RATTLESNAKE GRASS (Briza maxima) LITTLE QUAKING GRASS (Briza minor) CALIFORNIA BROME (Bromus carinatus var. Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed sites - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - carinatus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Plants 1-5' tall. Spikelets 0.7-1.3" long. Low awn Shaded sites, roadsides, pastures, weedy on Shaded or moist, open sites - Stem 3-20” tall. (Apr–Aug) - Coastal prairies, openings in 1-1.6" long. Lemma tip bristles < 0.04" long. coastal dunes - Stem 8-35" tall. Spikelets Spikelets 0.1-0.2” long, resemble tiny rattlesnake , plains, open and pine woodland Seeds EDIBLE whole or ground for flour. 0.4-0.75" long, resemble rattlesnake rattles. rattles. -Plant 20-40” tall. Flower cluster 6-16” long. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. Spikelet 0.8-1.6” long. Lemma 0.5-0.8” long, hairy, awn 0.3-0.6” long.

RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized FOXTAIL CHESS (Bromus madritensis subsp. RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, madritensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. (Apr–Jan) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plants (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > 4-20" tall. Stem and sheathes smooth. Flower 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn cluster branches visible, lower spikelets erect, > obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. INVASIVE weed. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed. stalk. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/7/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4

CHEAT GRASS (Bromus tectorum) Naturalized SMOOTH PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia BRISTLY DOGTAIL GRASS (Cynosurus CALIFORNIA OAT GRASS (Danthonia Annual - Grass Family - (May–Aug) - Open, selloana) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - echinatus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - californica) Native Perennial - Grass Family - disturbed areas - Plant 2-16” tall. Flower cluster (Sep–Mar) - Disturbed sites - Plant 6-13' tall. Leaf (May–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Tufted. Stem (Apr–Aug) - Gen moist meadows, open woodland 2-9” long, open, 1-14 spikelets per branch. blades 0.1-0.5" wide, sheathes smooth. Cultivar, 4-28” long. Leaf blade 0.1-0.6” wide. Flower - Stem 12-52” tall. Flower cluster 0.8-2.4” long. Spikelet 0.4-0.8”. Lemma 0.35-0.5”, awn 0.3-0.7”. rarely escaped. INVASIVE weed. cluster 0.4-1.6” long, 1-sided. Fertile and sterile Spikelets 3-6, 0.5-1” long, awn 0.16-0.5” long. INVASIVE weed. spikelets. INVASIVE weed.

BIG SQUIRRELTAIL (Elymus multisetus) Native SLENDER WHEAT GRASS (Elymus BEARDLESS WILD RYE (Elymus triticoides) BROME FESCUE (Festuca bromoides) Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, trachycaulus subsp. trachycaulus) Native Native Perennial - Grass Family - ( Jun–Jul) - Dry Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (May–Jun) - sandy to rocky areas - Tufted. Stem 6-24" tall. Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) - Dry to to moist, often saline, meadows - Plant 18-50” Uncommon. Dry, disturbed places, coastal-sage Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spikelet 0.4-0.6" long. moist, open areas, forest, woodland - Tufted. tall, from . Flower cluster 2-8” long. scrub, chaparral - Stem < 20". Inflor 0.6-6" tall, Glume divisions needle-shaped, lemma awn 1-4" Stem 1-5' tall. Spikelet 0.4-0.8" long, 1 per node. Spikelets generally 2/node. Lemmas 3-7, 0.2-0.5” dense, lower branches erect. Spikelet 0.2-0.4" long. Lemma awn < 0.3" long. long, awn to 0.12” long. long, awn 0.1-0.3" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5

HAIRY FESCUE (Festuca microstachys) Native RYE GRASS (Festuca perennis) Naturalized COMMON VELVET GRASS (Holcus lanatus) MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY (Hordeum marinum Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed, Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Sep) - Dry to Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) subsp. gussoneanum) Naturalized Annual - open, gen sandy soils - Stem 6-29". Spikelet moist disturbed sites, abandoned fields - Stem - Moist sites, roadbanks, cult fields, meadows - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry to moist, 0.2-0.4" long, awn 0.1-0.5" long. Glumes & 20-40" tall. Spikelet 0.2-0.9" long, > glume, Plant 8-39" tall, very hairy. Glumes 0.12-0.24", disturbed sites - Stem 4-20". Leaf blades to 32" lemma smooth or hairy. awned or awnless. Sterile shoots at base. purple; florets 0.12-0.16" w/hooked awn. long, auricles < 0.08". Central lemma awn INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. 0.25-0.7" long. INVASIVE weed.

HARE BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. JUNE GRASS ( macrantha) Native CALIFORNIA MELIC (Melica californica) Native TORREY'S MELIC (Melica torreyana) Native leporinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Dry, open Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–May) - Open or Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites. Common sites, clay to rocky soils, shrubland, woodland, rocky hillsides, oak woodland, forest - conifer forest - Stem 12-40" tall. Leaf blade - Stem 12-43" tall. Central spikelet stalk ~0.06" conifer forest - Stem 8-32" long. Flower cluster Stem 16-55". Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spiklet 0.2-0.6" 0.04-0.1" wide. Spikelet 0.14-0.28" long w/1-2 long. Central floret << lateral florets. INVASIVE condensed, shiny, branches short-hairy. Spikelet long, w/3-7 fertile florets; sterile tip widest above florets; sterile tip widest above middle to 0.06", weed. ~0.2" long, no awns. middle, tip squared. short-hairy lemmas. Revision: 3/7/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6

HARDING GRASS (Phalaris aquatica) ANNUAL BLUE GRASS ( annua) Naturalized ONE-SIDED BLUE GRASS (Poa secunda subsp. DITCH BEARD GRASS (Polypogon interruptus) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Aug) Annual - Grass Family - (Feb–Sep) - Abundant. secunda) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant 16-79" tall, Disturbed moist ground - Plant 1-8” tall. Leaf (Mar–Aug) - Common. Dry slopes to (May–Aug) - Common. Streambanks - Stem tufted. Flower cluster 0.6-6" long, unbranched. blade 0.04-0.12” wide, soft. Flower cluster 0.4-4” saline/alkaline meadows to alpine - Plant 6-40” 20-35" tall, clumped. Leaf 0.2-7.7" long, Lower florets 1 or or unequal. Glume wing long, triangular. Lemmas 0.1-0.16” long. tall, densely tufted. Flower clusters congested. 0.12-0.24" wide. Flower cluster 0.6-7" long. untoothed. INVASIVE weed. Spikelets gen 0.3-0.4” long. Lemmas 0.16-0.2” Glume < 0.1" long, awn < 0.12" long. long, backs rounded.

RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon WATER BEARD GRASS (Polypogon viridis) FOOTHILL NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa lepida) SMILO GRASS (Stipa miliacea var. miliacea) monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jun) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Dry Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Sep) Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist places, along streams - Common. Disturbed areas, wet areas, ponds, slopes, chaparral, , savanna, coastal - Salt marshes, streambanks, chaparral, open - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, 0.16-0.24" wide. streambanks -Stem 4-40” long, trails. Leaf blades scrub - Stem 14-39" tall. Leaf blade 4.7-9.1" long, woodland, disturbed - Stems green, large tufts, Flower cluster 0.4-6.7" long, plume-like. Glume flat, 0.08-0.4” wide. Spikelet ~ 0.1” long, no awn, narrow. Glumes 0.2-0.6" long. Awn 0.8-2" long. sheaths lt. Inflor arching. INVASIVE weed. awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE. whorled clusters. Revision: 3/7/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 7

PURPLE NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa pulchra) Native BALTIC RUSH (Juncus balticus subsp. ater) SPREADING RUSH (Juncus patens) Native IRIS-LEAVED RUSH (Juncus xiphioides) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Oak Native Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Nov) - Perennial - Rush Family - (Jun–Oct) - Marshy Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Oct) - Wet places woodland, chaparral, grassland - Stem 14-39" Moist to ± dry sites - Stem 14-43" tall, round, not places, creeks, seeps - Plant 12-41" tall, densely - Plant 16-32" tall. Leaf blades 0.2-0.5" wide, flat, long. Leaf blade 4-8" long. Glumes 0.5-0.8" long, twisted. No leaf blade. Flowers generally 0.1-0.2" tufted. Stems blue-gray-green & distinctly Iris-like. Heads many, few-flowered. Anthers 6, < ~equal. Awn 1.6-4" long, last segment straight. long. grooved when fresh. 6. filaments, flowers self-pollinating.

SANTA BARBARA SEDGE (Carex barbarae) - TALL NUTSEDGE (Cyperus ) Native COMMON SPIKERUSH (Eleocharis COMMON TULE (Schoenoplectus acutus var. Native Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Aug) - Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Nov) - Vernal macrostachya) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - occidentalis) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - Seasonally wet places - Stem 6-36” tall, base pools, streambanks - Leaves basal. Flower (Spring–summer) - Common. Fresh to brackish (Summer) - Common. Marshes, shores, fens, brown to purple. Lowest flower cluster “leaves” < cluster bracts 4-8. Spikelets 0.2-0.8" long, wetland - Stem 8-39" tall, 0.06-0.1" wide. Spikelet shallow lakes, often emergent - Stem 3.3-13' tall, 4” long. Spikelets brown, 1-3” long, 0.2-0.3” wide. oblong, in heads to 1.6" wide. Seeds 0.2-1.6" long, 0.08-0.2" wide, style 2-branched. fat, round x-section, blue-green. short-stalked. Revision: 3/7/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 8

OLNEY'S THREE-SQUARE BULRUSH GRAND HOUND'S TONGUE (Cynoglossum BROADLEAVED FORGET-ME-NOT (Myosotis BABY BLUE-EYES (Nemophila menziesii var. (Schoenoplectus americanus) Native Perennial - grande) Native Perennial - Borage Family - latifolia) Naturalized Perennial - Borage Family - menziesii) Native Annual - Borage Family - Sedge Family - (Summer) - Mineral-rich or (Feb–May) - Chaparral, woodland - Stem 1-3'. (Feb–Jul) - Moist, disturbed, shady places - Stem (Feb–May) - Meadows, grassland, chaparral, brackish marshes, shores, fens, springs - Stem Leaf stalk 3-6". Leaf blade 3-6" cm long, broadly < 28" long, base woody. Leaves to 0.8" wide. woodland, slopes - Plant 4-12". Lower leaves 1.2-8.2' tall, sharply 3-angled, not leafy. Flower oval. Flowers bright blue w/inner white teeth. Flowers light blue, 0.2-0.4" wide. INVASIVE w/6-13 lobes. Flowers bright blue w/white center, cluster head-like. weed. 0.2-1.6" wide.

BREWER (Phacelia breweri) Native FIELD PHACELIA (Phacelia ciliata) Native DIVARICATE PHACELIA (Phacelia divaricata) TANSY-LEAF PHACELIA (Phacelia tanacetifolia) Perennial - Borage Family - (Mar–Jun) - Rocky Annual - Borage Family - (Feb–Jun) - Clay or Native Annual - Borage Family - (Apr–Jun) - Native Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–May) - soils, slopes, chaparral, oak woodland - Plant gravelly slopes in grassland, fields - Plant 4-22" Open areas, chaparral, woodland, grassland - Sandy to gravelly slopes, open areas - Plant 4-18" tall. Leaves 0.4-1.6" long, 0-few lobes. tall. Leaves deeply lobed to divided. Flowers Plant 3.5-16" tall. Leaves with 0-few lobes. 0.6-39" tall. Leaves divided. Flowers 0.24-0.35" Flowers 0.16-0.24" long, light blue. Seeds 1-2. 0.3-0.4" long, purple. Flower bracts large Flowers 0.4-0.6" long, lavender to violet. Seeds long, blue, persistent in . Seeds 1-2. w/raised veins. Seeds 4. 8-16. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 9

FIESTA FLOWER (Pholistoma auritum var. BLUE DICKS (Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. ITHURIEL'S SPEAR (Triteleia laxa) Native MEDITERRANEAN LINSEED (Bellardia trixago) auritum) Native Annual - Borage Family - capitatum) Native Perennial - Brodiaea Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jun) - Ocean bluffs, talus slopes, woodland, (Mar–Jun) - Open woodland, scrub, desert, Common. Open forest, conifer or foothill (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed grassland. - Plant streambanks, canyons - Stem 8-47" tall. Leaf grassland - Plant 2-28" tall. Flowers blue-purple, woodland, grassland on clay soil - Flower stem sticky-hairy. Stem 6-32" tall. Leaves lobes 7-13. Flowers 0.3-0.6" long, 0.4-1.2" wide, not narrowed in the middle. Stamens 6. Early 4-28". Leaves 8-16", 0.16-1" wide. Flowers blue, lance-shaped, toothed. Flowers 0.8-1" long, purple, with bractlets. spring bloomer. blue-purple or white, 0.7-1.9" long. 2-lipped: upper lip pink, lower lip white. INVASIVE.

COMMON OWL'S-CLOVER (Castilleja densiflora PURPLE OWL'S-CLOVER (Castilleja exserta DWARF OWL'S CLOVER (Triphysaria pusilla) TIBURON BUCKWHEAT (Eriogonum luteolum subsp. densiflora) Native Annual - Broom-rape subsp. exserta) Native Annual - Broom-rape Native Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Apr–Jun) - var. caninum) Native Annual - Buckwheat Family Family - (Mar–May) - Grassland - Plant 4-16" tall. Family - (Mar–May) - Open fields, grassland - Grassland - Plant 2-8" tall, yellow-brown or - (May–Oct) - Serpentine - Plant 2-12" tall. Leaf Leaves 0.8-3.1" long, narrow-lobed. Flower Plant sticky, short-hairy. Flower cluster tipped purple, hairy. Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, 3-9-lobed. blades wide. Flowers <= 0.1" long, reddish, cluster gen rose-purple. Flower upper lip straight. white, pale yellow or rose. Flower upper lip Flowers purple (yellow), 0.16-0.28" long, in leaf mostly terminal. CNPS: FAIRLY ENDANGERED. hooked, fuzzy. axils. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 10

WATER SMARTWEED (Persicaria amphibia) GIANT TRILLIUM (Trillium chloropetalum) Native COAST LARKSPUR (Delphinium decorum SPREADING LARKSPUR (Delphinium patens Native Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Jun–Nov) Perennial - Bunchflower Family - (Apr–May) - subsp. decorum) Native Perennial - Buttercup subsp. patens) Native Perennial - Buttercup - Shallow lakes, streams, shores - Aquatic Edges of redwood forest, chaparral, gen moist Family - (Mar–May) - Open coastal grassland, Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, open woodland - (floating leaves) or terrestrial. Flower clusters slopes, canyon banks in alluvial soils - Flowers chaparral - Stems 3-14" tall. Leaves short-hairy Stem 4-35" long. Leaves glabrous, divided into 0.4-6" long, 0.3-0.8" wide, pink to red. dark purple to white, sessile. 2.6-4" long, under, with few-toothed lobes. Flowers few, dark few-toothed lobes. Flowers few, bright or dark odor rose-like or spicy. blue-purple. blue-purple.

ROYAL LARKSPUR (Delphinium variegatum PURPLE SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnatifida) CALIFORNIA MILKWEED (Asclepias californica) NARROW-LEAF MILKWEED (Asclepias subsp. variegatum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Native Perennial - Family - (Mar–May) - Native Perennial - Dogbane Family - (Apr–Jul) - fascicularis) Native Perennial - Dogbane Family - Family - (Mar–May) - Grassland, open oak Open grassland, gen on serpentine, or pine/oak Flats, grassy or brushy hillsides - Plant densly (May–Oct) - Dry ground, valleys, foothills - Plant woodland - Stem < 24" w/spreading hairs. Leaves woodland - Plant 5-24" tall. Leaves 1.6-7.5" long, white-woolly. Leaves oval. Flowers dark purple, ~ gen hairless. Stem leaves narrow, 3-5 in whorls. w/finger-like segments. Flowers dark royal blue, 1-2x divided on a winged central axis. Flowers 0.5" long, petals bent back. Food plant for Flowers green-white to purple-tinged, ~0.25" large and few. dark purple. prickly. Monarch butterflies. long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 11

SHOWY MILKWEED (Asclepias speciosa) Native GREATER PERIWINKLE (Vinca major) MULE-EAR CLARKIA (Clarkia biloba subsp. HERALD-OF-SUMMER (Clarkia gracilis subsp. Perennial - Dogbane Family - (May–Sep) - Many Naturalized Perennial - Dogbane Family - biloba) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family gracilis) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family habitats incl fields, roadsides - Plants green, (Mar–Jun(Jan)) - Coastal bluffs, sheltered places, - (May–Aug) - Foothill woodland, serpentine or - (Apr–Jul) - Common. Openings in woodland, hairy. Leaves opposite, ovate. Petals rose-purple, esp along stream beds - Plant sprawling. Leaf not - Stem < 3.3'. Petals purple-pink, 2-lobed, forest - Plant < 35". Buds nodding. Petals > 0.3" long; curving tooth-like hoods. Monarch blade ~ 2.8" long, oval. Flower purple-blue, 1.2-2" 0.4-0.6" long, gen 1.5x width. Axis and buds 0.2-0.9" long, pink. Stigma = anthers. butterfly food plant. wide at top. INVASIVE weed. pendant, fused. 4-grooved. Sepals united.

FOUR-SPOT (Clarkia purpurea subsp. RUBY CHALICE CLARKIA (Clarkia rubicunda) ELEGANT CLARKIA (Clarkia unguiculata) Native PANICLED / WEEDY WILLOWHERB (Epilobium quadrivulnera) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family - Annual - Evening Primrose Family - (Apr–Sep) - brachycarpum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. Open, grassy or (May–Aug) - Openings in woodland, forest, Common. Woodland - Buds nodding. Axis erect. Family - (Jun–Sep) - Common. Dry open or shrubby places - Buds erect. Petals < 0.6", chaparral near coast - Stem < 5' long. Buds erect. Petals 0.4-1" long, pink to dark-red, clawed. disturbed woodland, grassland, roadsides - Plant lavender to dark red. Ovary 8-grooved. Sepals Petals 0.4-1.2", rose w/red base. Sepals united. Sepals united; sepals & ovary w/spreading hairs 8-79" tall, diffuse. Petals 2-15 mm long, white to 1's or 2's. Stigma > anthers. to 0.1". rose-purple. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 12

COMMON WILLOWHERB (Epilobium ciliatum CHAPARRAL WILLOWHERB (Epilobium MONTEREY CENTAURY (Zeltnera LONG-BEAKED FILAREE (Erodium botrys) subsp. ciliatum) Native Perennial - Evening minutum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose muehlenbergii) Native Annual-Biennial - Gentian Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Primrose Family - (Jun–Oct) - Common. Family - (Apr–Sep) - Dry, open, disturbed areas, Family - (Jun–Aug) - Moist coastal bluffs, forest (Mar–Jul) - Dry, open or disturbed sites - Stem Disturbed places, moist meadows, streambanks, vernal pools, often after fire - Plant < 16" tall. openings - Plant 1.2-12" tall. Leaf 0.6-1" long. 4-35" tall, coarse-hairy. Leaves lobed. Petals roadsides - Plant 20-48" tall, smooth or Flower cluster open. Petals 0.1-0.2" long, white Flowers pink, 0.5-0.75" mm long, lobes pink, 0.3-0.5" long. Sepals w/reddish tip. Fruit short-hairy. Petals 2-6 mm, white to pink. or pink. Leaves flat, not clustered. 0.08-0.28" long; flower stalk < 0.0" long. beak 2-4.7" long.

REDSTEM FILAREE (Erodium cicutarium) GREENSTEM FILAREE (Erodium moschatum) CUT-LEAVED GERANIUM (Geranium HAIRY DOVE'S FOOT GERANIUM (Geranium Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - dissectum) Naturalized Annual - Geranium molle) Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites, grassland, (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem 4-24", Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Aug) - Open to shaded sites, disturbed scrub - Stem 4-20". Leaves compound, leaflets short-hairy. Leaves compound, leaflets toothed. 3-28" tall, rough-hairy. Leaf blades deeply ground - Stem 4-17" tall. Petals red-purple, dissected. tip bristly. pink to purple. Sepal tip glabrous. Petals 0.4-0.6" long, pink. divided. Petals violet-red, 0.1-0.25" long 0.1-0.4" long, notched. Sepals awnless. Fruit Fruit beak 0.8-2". INVASIVE. Fruit beak 0.8-1.6" long. w/notched tips. Flower stalk sticky. INVASIVE. smooth, wrinkled. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 13

DOUGLAS IRIS (Iris douglasiana) Native WESTERN BLUE-EYED-GRASS (Sisyrinchium CALIFORNIA LOOSESTRIFE (Lythrum GRASS-POLY (Lythrum hyssopifolia) Naturalized Perennial - Iris Family - (May–Jul) - Common. bellum) Native Perennial - Iris Family - californicum) Native Perennial - Loosestrife Annual-Perennial - Loosestrife Family - (Apr–Oct) Grassy places, esp near coast - Stem 6-20" tall. (Mar–May) - Common. Open, gen moist, grassy Family - (Apr–Sep) - Marshes, pond and stream - Marshes, drying pond margins, disturbed Leaves 0.4-0.9" wide. Perianth tube 0.04-0.12" areas, woodland - Stem < 25" tall. Leaves margins - Stem 8-24" tall. Leaves 0.4-2.8" long, ground - Stem 4-24". Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, ~ long, petals 0.6-1.2" wide, stigmas triangular. iris-like. Petals 6, blue-purple with dark veins, gray-smooth, linear. Petals purple, 0.2-0.3" long; elliptical. Petals pink, 0.1-0.2" long. 2 awl-like NOXIOUS weed. 0.4-0.7" long. 2 style forms. appendages. INVASIVE weed.

FIELD MADDER (Sherardia arvensis) BULL MALLOW (Malva nicaeensis) Naturalized RED MAIDS ( ciliata) Native Annual - CLASPING HENBIT (Lamium amplexicaule) Naturalized Annual - Madder Family - (Mar–Jul) - Annual - Mallow Family - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed Miner's Lettuce Family - (Feb–May) - Common. Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Mint Family - Pastures, disturbed areas, grassland, dry places - Stem 0.7-2'. Leaf blade 1.2-4.7" wide, Sandy to loamy soil, grassy areas, cult fields - (Apr–Sep) - Disturbed sites, cult or abandoned meadows, oak woodland - Stem 2.8-6.3" long. 5-7 shallow lobes. Bractlets Petals 0.2-0.6" long, bright pink to red, fields - Stem 4-16" long. Leaf blades 0.4-1" long, Leaves in whorls of 5-6, 0.2-0.5" long. Flowers egg-shaped,0.16-0.2" long. Petals pink to round-tipped. Fruit < 0.1" longer than bracts. upper stalkless. Flowers red-purple, gen 0.4-0.7" pink or lavender, the 4 lobes < tube. blue-violet, 0.2-0.5" long. long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 14

COYOTE-MINT (Monardella villosa subsp. THYMELEAF BEARDSTYLE (Pogogyne CHIA (Salvia columbariae) Native Annual - Mint COMMON RIGID HEDGE-NETTLE (Stachys villosa) Native Perennial - Mint Family - serpylloides) Native Annual - Mint Family - Family - (Mar–Jun) - Dry, disturbed sites, rigida var. quercetorum) Native Perennial - Mint (May–Aug) - Dry rocky slopes, oak woods, (Mar–Jun) - Grassy, brushy areas - Plant chaparral, coastal-sage scrub - Plant 4-20" tall. Family - (Mar–Oct) - Moist to ± dry places - Plant chaparral - Plant < 20" tall. Leaves ovate, inconspicuous. Stem 1-8" long, low-growing. Leaf 0.8-4" long, many 2x divided. Flower cluster gen < 39", hairy, sticky. Leaf 2-3.5" long, 0.4-0.9" mm long. Flower head 0.4-1.2" wide. Flowers 0.1-0.2" long, lavender, in dense head-like, 1-2 on bare stem. Flowers blue, tubes egg-shaped w/heart-shaped base. Flowers Flowers pink to purple. clusters. 6-8 mm long. 6-10/group, pink, 0.24-0.4" long.

VINEGAR WEED (Trichostema lanceolatum) RADISH (Raphanus sativus) Naturalized Annual - BRISTLY JEWEL FLOWER (Streptanthus STARFLOWER (Trientalis latifolia) Native Native Annual - Mint Family - (Jun–Nov) - Dry, Mustard Family - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, glandulosus subsp. glandulosus) Native Annual - Perennial - Myrsine Family - (Apr–Jul) - Shaded open, gen disturbed habitats - Plant < 39" tall. fields - Stem 16-51" long. Petals 0.6-1" long, Mustard Family - (Apr–Jul) - Serpentine, bare places, esp woodland - Stem 2-12". Leaves Leaf blades 0.8-2.8" long, leaf stalk, ~ stalkless. white to purple. Fruit a fat cylinder w/constrictions slopes, chaparral & woodland openings - Flower 1-3.5" long, 0.4-2" wide, egg-shaped; stem Flowers purple-blue, tube 0.2-0.4" long, curving between seeds. INVASIVE weed. lavender or purple-brown. leaves in 1 whorl near stem tip. Flower gen pink up. Vinegar scent. to rose, 0.3-0.6" wide. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 15

SICKLE LEAF ONION (Allium falcifolium) Native JEWELED ONION (Allium serra) Native SPANISH CLOVER (Acmispon americanus var. SMALL-FLOWER LOTUS (Acmispon parviflorus) Perennial - Onion or Garlic Family - (Apr–Jun) - Perennial - Onion or Garlic Family - (Apr–May) - americanus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–May) - Common. Heavy clays including serpentine - Common. Grassy slopes - Flowers pink to rose, (May–Oct) - Coast, chaparral, waterways, Abundant. Coastal bluffs to oak/pine or fir Leaves 2, flat, curved. Stem flat, winged. Flowers crowded, 10-40. "Petals" about 0.2" long, ± erect, roadsides, disturbed areas - Plant 2-24", hairy. woodland, open or disturbed areas - Flowers rose-purple or dingy white, 10-30, 0.4-0.6" long. ± lance-shaped, papery and folded over fruit Flowers white to pink, solitary, bract lobes >> pinkish, solitary, 0.2" long, on stalk with bracts. when in fruit. flower tube. Not hairy.

PERENNIAL SWEET PEA (Lathyrus latifolius) PACIFIC PEA (Lathyrus vestitus var. vestitus) MINIATURE LUPINE ( bicolor) Native SUMMER LUPINE (Lupinus formosus var. Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–May) - Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb–Jul) - North: Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. formosus) Native Perennial - Pea Family - Disturbed areas, esp roadsides - Stem smooth, Conifer forest. South: chaparral & oak woodland - Open or disturbed areas - Plant 4-16", hairy. (Apr–Sep) - Dry clay soils, grassland, open areas robust, broadly winged. Leaflets in 2's. Flowers Stem wings to 0.02" wide. Leaves gen elliptic. Flower 0.16-0.4" long, banner longer than wide, under pines, gen in valleys - Plant 8-32", low 0.8-1.2" long, bright pink. Escaped ornamental. Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, pale lavender to purple. upper keel ciliate near tip, < 0.12". Fruit growing. Leaves hairy. Flowers purple, hairless, 0.12-0.24" wide. summer/fall blooming. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 16

CHICK LUPINE (Lupinus microcarpus var. SKY LUPINE (Lupinus nanus) Native Annual - ARROYO LUPINE (Lupinus succulentus) Native RANCHERIA CLOVER (Trifolium microcarpus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or Annual - Pea Family - (Feb–May) - Abundant. albopurpureum) Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas, disturbed areas - Plant 4-24" tall, hairy. Flowers Open or disturbed areas, often seeded on (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Dunes, grassland, wet occ seeded on roadbanks - Plant 4-32", hairy. blue to pink to white, 0.2-0.6" long; banner as roadbanks - Plant 8-40" tall, fleshy, sparsely meadows, slopes, disturbed areas, etc - No head Leaves smooth above. Flowers gen pink to wide as long. Flower stalk gen > 0.12" long. hairy. Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, whorled, gen bract. Flowers purple + white, 0.2-0.3", no stalk. purple. Flower bracts shaggy. blue-purple, petal claws short-hairy. Flower bracts hairy, teeth linear, = flowers.

BEARDED CLOVER (Trifolium barbigerum) DECEIVING CLOVER (Trifolium bifidum var. FOOTHILL CLOVER (Trifolium ciliolatum) Native PINPOINT CLOVER (Trifolium gracilentum) Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Wet decipiens) Native Annual - Pea Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Locally Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open, meadows, open, disturbed areas - Leaflets 0.6-1" (Apr–Jun) - Open, grassy areas, forest - Leaflet common. Grassland, chaparral, disturbed areas - disturbed places, occas serpentine - Leaflet tips long. Head 0.2-1" wide, gen bristly. Flowers tip square/notched. Flower small, yellow to Flower head 0.3-0.8" wide w/vestigial bract. not deep-notched. Reflexed pink-purple flowers pink-purple, 0.2-0.4" long. pink-purple, soon reflex. Flower stalk top sparsely Flowers pink to purple, soon reflexed, bracts w/point. Flower bracts completely smooth. hairy. w/short, flat bristles. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 17

ROSE CLOVER (Trifolium hirtum) Naturalized SMALL-HEAD CLOVER (Trifolium TOMCAT CLOVER (Trifolium willdenovii) Native NARROW-LEAVED VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. Annual - Pea Family - (Apr–May) - Disturbed microcephalum) Native Annual - Pea Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. nigra) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - areas, roadsides - Head with 1-2 bract-like leaves (Apr–Aug) - Streambanks, moist, disturbed areas, Disturbed, gen spring-moist, heavy soils, occas (Mar–Jun) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, immed below. Flowers pink, 0.4-0.6" long, roadsides, serpentine, conifer forest - Hairy. serpentine - Head bract wheel-shaped, grassland, open areas in oak and riparian densely-bristly in fruit. INVASIVE weed. Head bract cup-like. Flowers pink to lavender, sharp-lobed. Leaf narrow. Flowers purple w/white woodlands - Flowers 1-2 at leaf bases, calyx lobes smooth-edged, > flowers. tip, 0.3-0.6" long. pink-purple to white, 0.4-0.7" long. Leaflets 0.2-0.3" wide.

SPARSELY HAIRY VETCH (Vicia villosa subsp. MANY-STEM CALIFORNIA GILIA (Gilia PURPLESPOT GILIA (Gilia clivorum) Native SERPENTINE LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon varia) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - achilleifolia subsp. multicaulis) Native Annual - Annual - Phlox Family - (Feb–Jun) - Common. ambiguus) Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, roadside, disturbed areas Phlox Family - (Feb–Jun) - Open or shaded, gen Open, grassy areas - Stem 2-12" tall, hairy, (Apr–May) - Grassy areas gen serpentine - Stem - Stems w/few hairs. Flowers 10-20, blue-purple grassy places, sandy or rocky soil - Leaves branched. Leaves narrowly linear-lobed. Flowers 0.4-0.8", thread-like. Diffuse. Corolla throat to white, 0.4-0.55" long. Lower bract lobes linear-lobed. Flowers white to lavender, 0.2-0.4" 0.25-0.3" long, tube yellow, purple-spotted. widely-widened. CNPS: FAIRLY ENDANGERED. 0.04-0.1" long. long, not in heads. Flowering stem sticky. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 18

PINKLOBE LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon SLENDER ANNUAL PHLOX (Microsteris gracilis) DOWNY NAVARRETIA (Navarretia pubescens) SKUNKWEED (Navarretia squarrosa) Native androsaceus) Native Annual - Phlox Family - Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Aug) - Dry to Native Annual - Phlox Family - (May–Jul) - Open, Annual - Phlox Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. (Apr–Jun) - Open or shaded areas in woodland, moist areas - Plant < 8" tall, glandualr-hairy. slopes, gravel, clay - Stem 5.5-13", tan to Open, wet, gravelly flats, slopes - Plant 4-24" tall, chaparral - Plant 2-18", hairy. Flowers pink, Leaves 0.4-1.2" long. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, red-brown. Bracts irregularly toothed. Calyx lobes sticky, with skunk-like odor. Flowers 0.35-0.47" bracted group, tube 0.4-1.3" long, lobes gen > tubes yellow, lobes bright pink to white. often toothed. Flowers 0.4-0.6" long, bright long, dark blue; petal lobes 0.08" long. 0.3" long. blue-purple.

WIRY SNAPDRAGON (Antirrhinum CHINESE-HOUSES (Collinsia heterophylla var. PERSIAN SPEEDWELL (Veronica persica) PACIFIC BLEEDING HEART (Dicentra formosa) vexillocalyculatum subsp. vexillocalyculatum) heterophylla) Native Annual - Plantain Family - Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Feb–May) Native Perennial - Family - (Mar–Jul) - Native Annual - Plantain Family - (Jun–Aug) - (Mar–Jun) - Shady places in chaparral, open - Wet, disturbed areas, fields - Stem 2-24" long, Damp, shaded areas - Plant 8-18" tall. Leaves Disturbed areas - Stem 3-67" long, often clinging mixed woodland, oak woodland - Plant 4-20" tall. crawling. Flowers on 0.6-1.2" long stalks. Flowers dissected, 8-20" long. Flowers heart-shaped, to other plants. Flowers lavender, 0.4-0.7" long. Flowers 0.6-0.8" long, upper lip whitish. blue, purple-lined with a white center. rose-pink, nodding, 2-30 per cluster, 0.5-1.2" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 19

PADRE SHOOTING STAR (Dodecatheon MOSQUITOBILLS SHOOTING STAR ITALIAN THISTLE (Carduus pycnocephalus PURPLE STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea calcitrapa) clevelandii subsp. patulum) Native Perennial - (Dodecatheon hendersonii) Native Perennial - subsp. pycnocephalus) Naturalized Annual - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - Primrose Family - (Mar–May) - Moist places, Primrose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Gen in shady sites Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jul) - Roadsides, (Apr–Nov) - Pastures, disturbed places - Plant often on serpentine or in ± alkaline sites - Leaf - Leaf blade length generally <2x width. Flower pastures, disturbed areas - Stems 8-79", narrow 8-40"+. Basal leaves 1-2x divided into narrow blade length >2x width. Flowers often white. parts 4s or 5s. Filament tube solid black. spiny-wings. Lower leaves 4-10 lobed, heads 2-5, lobes. Flowers purple with spiny bracts. Filiment tube w/light spots below anthers. flower bracts woolly. NOXIOUS. NOXIOUS weed.

BULL THISTLE (Cirsium vulgare) Naturalized ARTICHOKE THISTLE (Cynara cardunculus WEEDY CUDWEED (Pseudognaphalium MILK THISTLE (Silybum marianum) Naturalized Biennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - subsp. flavescens) Naturalized Perennial - luteoalbum) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant 12-79" tall. Top Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed places - Family - (Apr–Aug) - Disturbed sites, fields, Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas - Stem of leaves bristly; leaf base forming decurrent Plant 1.6-8' tall. Artichoke head 1.6-6" diam, streambeds - Heads 0.12-0.16" long, yellowish, 1-10', stout. Leaves spiny, shiny green w/white wings on stem. Flowers purple, gen 1-2" wide. spine-tipped. Flowers blue or purple, 1.2-2" long. female flowers < 0.08" long, pappus bristles veins and spots. Flowers red-purple. INVASIVE NOXIOUS weed. NOXIOUS weed. connected. weed. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 20

TWIGGY WREATH PLANT (Stephanomeria PURPLE SALSIFY () ROBUST VERVAIN (Verbena lasiostachys var. TUMBLEWEED (Amaranthus albus) Naturalized virgata subsp. pleurocarpa) Native Annual - Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family scabrida) Native Perennial - Vervain Family - Annual - Amaranth Family - (Jun–Oct) - Disturbed Sunflower Family - (Jun–Nov) - Chaparral - (Mar–Nov) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant (May–Sep) - Open, dry to wet places - Plant areas, roadsides, riverbanks, sandy places, openings, grassland - Plant 20-79". Stem leaves 16-39" tall, milky sap. Leaves 0.8-1.6" long, very 14-32" tall. Leaves green, narrow, 3-lobed, agricultural fields - Plant upright, bushy. Stem oblong, bract-like. Flower bracts not spreading. narrow, waxy blue. Flowers purple. stiff-haired above. Flowers blue to purple on long pale. Flower clusters <= 0.6" long, at base of Flowers 5-6, white to dark pink. stalk. leaves. Flowers with 3 "petals".

REDROOT PIGWEED (Amaranthus retroflexus) JEPSON BROOMRAPE ( californica GREEN DOCK (Rumex conglomeratus) CURLY DOCK (Rumex crispus) Naturalized Naturalized Annual - Amaranth Family - subsp. jepsonii) Native Perennial - Broom-rape Naturalized Perennial - Buckwheat Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (All year) - (Jun–Nov) - Common. Wet fields, roadside Family - (Jul–Sep) - Uncommon. Gen dry flats, (May–Aug) - Common. Moist places - Stem Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem 16-39" tall. ditches, waste places, agricultural fields - Stem slopes. Root parasite on sunflower family - Plant 12-32" tall, unbranched below. Flower cluster Flower cluster dense, valves 0.2-0.24", winged upright, 0.5-6' tall. Flower clusters green, dense, 4-14" tall. Flowers > 20, stalkless, lips 0.4-0.55" open. Fruit valves ~0.1" long, scarcely winged around tubercles, smooth edged. 1 tubercle at leaf bases and stem tips. long, buff-colored. around the 3 tubercles, smooth edged. enlarged. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 21

FIDDLE DOCK (Rumex pulcher) Naturalized WOOLLY FRUITED DESERTPARSLEY DURANGO ROOT (Datisca glomerata) Native RUSSIAN THISTLE (Salsola tragus) Naturalized Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (May–Sep) - ( dasycarpum subsp. dasycarpum) Perennial - Datisca Family - (May–Jul) - Dry Annual-Perennial - Goosefoot Family - (Jul–Oct) - Disturbed places, meadows, moist or dry habitats Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–Jun) - streambeds or washes - Stem 3.3-6.6' tall. Common. Disturbed places - Plant < 5' tall. Stem - Stem 8-24" long, branches widely spreading. Rocky (gen serpentine), chaparral, woodland - Leaves ~ 6" long, lance-shaped, alternate above, gen red-striped, widely branched. Leaves Leaf blades 1.6-4" long, 1.2-2" wide. Valves Plant 4-20", short-hairy. Flowers greenish-white, opposite/whorled below. Flowers small with no succulent, 0.3-2" long, upper spine-tipped. w/2-5 teeth. petals and fruit hairy. petals. NOXIOUS.

HORNWORT (Ceratophyllum demersum) Native CHECKER LILY (Fritillaria affinis) Native PHLOX-LEAF SERPENTINE BEDSTRAW DWARF PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium latipes) Annual - Hornwort Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common. (Galium andrewsii subsp. gatense) Native Native Annual - Mustard Family - (Mar–Jun) - Ditches, lakes, ponds, pools, slow watercourses; Oak or pine scrub, grassland - Stem 4-47" tall. Perennial - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry, Alkaline soils, vernal pool margins, salt marsh water 0.1–4 m deep, fresh to ± brackish, medium Leaves 1.6-6.3" long, whorled below. Petals rocky places in serpentine soil, chaparral or open edges, pastures - Stem 0.8-6" long. Leaves to high nutrient levels. - Leaves forked, serrate, mottled brown-purple and yellow-green, 0.4-1.6" oak/pine woodland - Plant open. Stem 2-9". Leaf 0.8-4" long. Flower cluster distinctly compacted. stiff. long. gen flat, > internode. Phlox-like. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 22

HOARY NETTLE (Urtica dioica subsp. DWARF NETTLE (Urtica urens) Naturalized DUTCHMAN'S PIPE ( californica) COMMON PLANTAIN (Plantago major) holosericea) Native Perennial - Nettle Family - Annual - Nettle Family - (Jan–Jun) - Disturbed Native Perennial - Pipevine Family - (Jan–Apr) - Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Plantain Family - (Jun–Sep) - Meadows, seeps, springs, margins of areas, stream banks, shaded areas in grassland, Streamsides, forest, chaparral - Soft-hairy . (Apr–Sep) - Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, marshes, streams, lakes, moist areas in oak woodland, chaparral, coastal-sage scrub, Stem < 16' long. Leaf blades 1.2-5.9" long. blades 5-18 cm long, broadly oval, not hairy. chaparral, coastal scrub - Plant 3.3-9.8' tall, riparian woodland - Leaf teeth sharp. Petals 2 Flower green to pale brown with purple veins, Flowers + stem 2-24" tall, flower cluster gen grayish, covered with stinging hairs. large, 2 small, free to base. 0.8-1.6" long, U-shaped. 1.2-8" long.

LADY'S MANTLE (Aphanes occidentalis) Native TURKEY-MULLEIN (Croton setigerus) Native WART SPURGE (Euphorbia spathulata) Native PYGMY WEED (Crassula connata) Native Annual - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Seasonally Annual - Spurge Family - (May–Oct) - Dry, open, Annual - Spurge Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open, gen Annual - Stonecrop Family - (Feb–May) - Open moist grassland, chaparral, woodland - Plant often disturbed areas - Plant < 8" tall, moundlike, disturbed places - Stem 6-17" tall, smooth. areas - Plants 0.8-2.4"+ tall, red in age. Flowers < inconspicuous, soft hairy, < 4" tall. Leaves covered w/long stiff hairs. Leaf blade 0.4-2" long, Leaves spoon-shaped, 0.4-1.2" long, finely 0.1" long, 2 per node; Sepals 4, pointed end. 0.1-0.5" long, deeply lobed. Flowers oval. TOXIC to livestock. toothed. Gland oblong. Petals generally < sepals. yellow-green, < 0.1" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 23

MUGWORT (Artemisia douglasiana) Native DAGGERLEAF COTTONROSE (Logfia gallica) SLENDER WOOLLY-MARBLES (Psilocarphus SPINY COCKLEBUR (Xanthium spinosum) Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - tenellus) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Common. Open to shady areas, often in (Mar–Jul) - Bare or grassy openings, burns - (Mar–Jul) - Common. Dry, seasonally moist Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in drainages - Plant 20-60" tall. Leaves gen 0.4-4" Plant 1-20" tall, gen cobwebby. Leaves slopes, flats, burns, trails, rarely vernal pools - grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-24". long, densely hairy below, some 3-5 lobed. awl-shaped, stiff, > flower heads. Flowers brown Plant hairy. Leaves spoon-shaped. Disk flowers Stem node spines 0.6-1.2" long, golden, gen Flower bracts hairy. to yellow. 4-lobed. 3-lobed. Bur 0.4-0.5" long.

COCKLEBUR (Xanthium strumarium) Native COMMON FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia intermedia) COMMON INDIAN PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja WOOLLY PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja foliolosa) Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Native Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–Jun) - affinis subsp. affinis) Native Perennial - Native Perennial - Broom-rape Family - Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in Abundant. Open, generally disturbed places - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, (Mar–Jun) - Dry, open, rocky slopes, edges of grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-32" Plant 0.5-3' tall. Flowers orange with 5 red spots, coastal scrub - Plants 6-24" tall, gen bristly, chaparral - Plant 1-2' tall, base slightly woody, tall. Stem spineless. Bur 0.4-1.2"+ long. 0.3-0.4" long, 0.2-0.4" wide, tube straight. non-sticky. Leaves 1-3", lance-shaped, 0-5 lobes. much branched, woolly. Flower cluster Flower cluster open, red to orange-red. orange-red (occas. yellow-green). Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 24

WARRIOR'S PLUME (Pedicularis densiflora) SHEEP SORREL (Rumex acetosella) Naturalized CRIMSON COLUMBINE (Aquilegia formosa) RED OR ORANGE LARKSPUR (Delphinium Native Perennial - Broom-rape Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Apr–Jul) - ± Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Apr–Sep) - nudicaule) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Mar–May) - Dry chaparral, oak/pine forest - Disturbed, often acidic places - Stem < 16". Leaf Streambanks, seeps, moist places, chaparral, (Mar–Jun) - Moist talus, wooded, rocky slopes - Hairy. Stem 2.4-22". Basal leaves 5-28 cm long, gen basal, blade 0.8-2.4" long, lower oak woodland, mixed-evergreen or conifer forests Stem gen 6-20" tall, usually hairless. Flowers 13-41 segments. Flowers deep-red to red-purple, arrowhead-shaped w/2 lobes. Flowers yellowish, - Flowers about 2" long, yellow with red sepals & scarlet to orange-red. Hummingbird pollinated. 0.9-1.4" long, lower lip 1/8th upper. turn reddish. INVASIVE. spurs.

CALIFORNIA FUCHSIA (Epilobium canum LEOPARD LILY (Lilium pardalinum subsp. CALIFORNIA HUMMINGBIRD SAGE (Salvia SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) subsp. canum) Native Perennial - Evening pardalinum) Native Perennial - Lily Family - spathacea) Native Perennial - Mint Family - Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar–May) Primrose Family - (Jun–Dec) - Dry slopes, ridges (May–Aug) - Moist places (drier along coast) - (Mar–May) - Common, oak woodland, chaparral, - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - - Plant hairy, gen sticky with a woody base. Leaf Plant < 9' tall. Leaves whorled. Flowers orange coastal-sage scrub, slopes - Plant 1-5' tall, woody Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, salmon or 0.3-2.8" long, gray to green. Flowers red-orange, with some red, many maroon spots, petals 2.4-4" base. Leaf 3-8" long. Flowers red-purple, 1-1.4" occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause floral tube 0.8-1.2" long. long. long. dermititis. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 25

CRIMSON CLOVER (Trifolium incarnatum) CALIFORNIA PINK (Silene laciniata subsp. CALIFORNIA POPPY (Eschscholzia californica) WIND POPPY ( heterophyllum) Native Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (May–Aug) - californica) Native Perennial - Pink Family - Native Perennial - Poppy Family - (Feb–Sep) - Annual - Poppy Family - (Apr–May) - Grassy Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Hairy. Leaflets (Spring–summer) - Chaparral, oak woodland, Grassy, open areas - Plant 2-24" tall. Flower areas, openings in chaparral - Plant 1-2', yellow 0.6-0.8" long, wedge-shaped. Flower cluster conifer forest, serpentine or not - Plant 8-28" tall. w/spreading rim <= 0.2". Petals 0.8-2.4" long, sap. Petals orange-red, 0.4-0.8" long. Stigma 0.8-2.4" long, cylindrical. Flowers crimson or Petals 0.5-1" long, bright red. early spring = large and orange, fall = smaller and spherical on slender style. white, 0.4-0.6" long. yellow.

CALIFORNIA FIGWORT (Scrophularia VENUS THISTLE (Cirsium occidentale var. VARIABLE-LEAF NEMOPHILA (Nemophila COMMON PHACELIA (Phacelia distans) Native californica) Native Perennial - Snapdragon Family venustum) Native Biennial - Sunflower Family - heterophylla) Native Annual - Borage Family - Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–May) - Common. - (Mar–Jul) - Common; damp places, chaparral, (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, (Feb–Jun) - Common. Forest, chaparral, Clay to rocky soils, slopes - Plant 6-32" tall. roadsides - Stem 2.6-4' tall, square x-section. woodland - Plant 1.6-9.8' tall. Head bract cluster roadsides, streambanks - Flower 0.1-0.4" long, Leaves divided. Flowers 0.24-0.35" long, dirty Leaves opposite, to 7" long, triangular, toothed. 0.6-2" tall, 0.6-3" diam. Flowers gen bright unspotted, bract appendages < 0.04" long in fruit. white. Seeds 2-4. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, upper lips red to maroon, red-pink to red, 0.9-1.4" long. lower paler or yellowish. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 26

ROCK PHACELIA (Phacelia imbricata subsp. BRISTLY PHACELIA (Phacelia nemoralis subsp. BRANCHED PHACELIA (Phacelia ramosissima) WHITE FIESTA FLOWER (Pholistoma imbricata) Native Perennial - Borage Family - nemoralis) Native Biennial-Perennial - Borage Native Perennial - Borage Family - (Apr–Oct) - membranaceum) Native Annual - Borage Family - (Apr–Jul) - Slopes, roadsides, flats, canyons, Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist slopes, streambanks, Diverse habitats incl salt marshes, canyons - (Feb–May) - Beaches, bluffs, ravines, wooded chaparral, woodland - Plant 8-47", tufted. Leaf mixed-evergreen forest - Short-lived. Upper Plant 1-5' tall. Leaves divided. Flowers 0.2-0.3" slopes, desert washes - Stem 2-36" tall. Flowers segments 7-15. Flowers 0.2-0.3", white. Flower leaves egg-shaped, lower divided. Flowers long, white to lavender. Seeds 2-4. gen 2-10, 0.12-0.24" long, < 0.4" wide, white, no bracts often sticky. green-white, 0.16-0.2". bractlets.

RUSTY POPCORNFLOWER (Plagiobothrys COMMON MUILLA (Muilla maritima) Native FOOL'S ONION (Triteleia hyacinthina) Native VALLEY TASSELS (Castilleja attenuata) Native nothofulvus) Native Annual - Borage Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Mar–Jul) - Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–May) - (Mar–May) - Common; open woodland, grassland Coastal scrub, grassland, woodland, valleys - Grassland, vernally wet meadows, occ drier Grassland - Plant 4-20" tall, hairy, non-sticky. - Plant 8-28" tall, red-purple sap. Flower Stems 4-20". Leaves 3-10, 4-24" long, basal, slopes - Flowering stem 1-2' tall. Leaves 4-16", Leaves 0.8-3.1" long, narrow, 0-3 lobes. Flower 0.16-0.35" wide, white. often only 1, linear. Flowers 4-70/umbel, green-white w/brown 0.16-0.9" wide. Flower stalks 0.2-0.6" long. cluster 1-12" long, narrow, tips white or pale horizontal. midvein, lobes 0.12-0.24" long. Flowers white, 0.35-0.6" long. yellow. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 27

EAR-SHAPED WILD BUCKWHEAT (Eriogonum KNOTWEED (Polygonum aviculare subsp. COMMON STAR LILY (Toxicoscordion fremontii) STARRY FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL nudum var. auriculatum) Native Perennial - depressum) Naturalized Annual - Buckwheat Native Perennial - Bunchflower Family - (Maianthemum stellatum) Native Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (May–Oct) - Common. Sand Family - (May–Nov) - Disturbed places - Stem (Feb–Jun) - Grassy or wooded slopes, outcrops - Butcher's Broom Family - (Apr–Jun) - Moist or gravel - Plant 5-15 dm. Leaves on stem, 4-20", mat-forming. Flowers 2-8/leaf axil, ~0.1" Stem 16-35" tall. Flower cluster branched or woodland, streambanks, open slopes - Stem curled. Inflor smooth. Flowers white to pink, long, fused 1/2 length, w/white or pink margins. unbranched. Petals 6, white to yellowish, 0.2-0.6" 12-28" long. Leaf 2-7" long. Flowers 5-15/cluster. smooth. long, > stamens. Petals white, 0.16-0.28" long.

BUR-CHERVIL (Anthriscus caucalis) Naturalized POISON HEMLOCK () QUEEN ANNE'S LACE (Daucus carota) RATTLESNAKE WEED (Daucus pusillus) Native Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Generally Naturalized Biennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Biennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Rocky or shady places - Plant 18-40" tall. Flowers white; Common. Moist, esp disturbed places - Plants - Roadsides, disturbed places - Plant 6-48" tall. sandy places - Plant 1-35" tall, usually < 20". flower stalk >= fruit length. Fruits 0.1-0.2" long 2-10' tall. Stems purple-spotted. Leaves fern-like, Umbels white to pinkish with central purple Flower clusters with < 13 flowers, all white. with curved "velcro" bristles. Leaves fern-like, gen 2x divided. Flowers white. TOXIC. INVASIVE flower, stiff 3-forked bracts below. Strong carrot Young roots edible. Sap TOXIC to some people, triangular outline. weed. odor. causing dermititis. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 28

BUTTON (Eryngium jepsonii) Native COW (Heracleum maximum) Native SWEET-CICELY (Osmorhiza berteroi) Native VENUS' NEEDLE (Scandix pecten-veneris) Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist clay Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Conifer Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - soil, vernal pools, lake shores, drying lakes, wet places, wooded or open - Plants 1-3 m tall, forest, woodland, disturbed areas - Plant 12-47". Grassy slopes, roadsides - Plant 6-20" tall. Leaf depressions - Leaf blade toothed-irreg lobed. woolly-hairy. Leaflets 3, maple-lobed, 4-16" wide. Leaflets in 3s, serrate to irreg lobed. Flower segments finely divided, linear. Flowers white, Sepals 0.1", smooth-edged. Flowers white to blue Petals white, outermost longest. Juice causes white. Fruit 0.5-1", upward pointing barbs, outer petals larger. Fruit 0.2-1" long with a beak or purple. dermatitis. splitting apart below. 0.8-2.8" long.

TALL SOCK-DESTROYER (Torilis arvensis) SHORT SOCK-DESTROYER (Torilis nodosa) WAVYLEAF SOAP PLANT (Chlorogalum DENSE-FLOWER WILLOWHERB (Epilobium Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - pomeridianum var. pomeridianum) Native densiflorum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Disturbed places - Plant erect, 12-40". Flower Disturbed places - Plant spreading, 4-20" tall. Perennial - Century Plant Family - (May–Aug) - Family - (May–Oct) - Streambanks, outwashes, clusters open, > leaf. Fruits 0.1-0.2" long, Flowers white to red, clusters dense, < leaf. Fruit Common. Open grassland, chaparral, woodland - seasonal moist flats - Plant 2-60" tall, soft-hairy. covered with uncurved bristles. Flowers white or ~ 0.1" long, uncurved bristles on outer surface, Plant 1-8' tall, flowers at night. juices lather Petals 0.1-0.4", rose-purple to white. Fruit not pinkish. INVASIVE weed. bumps inside. in water. tapered. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 29

CALIFORNIA MAN-ROOT (Marah fabacea) COAST MAN-ROOT (Marah oregana) Native WHITE GLOBE LILY (Calochortus albus) Native OAKLAND STAR-TULIP (Calochortus Native Perennial - Gourd Family - (Feb–Apr) - Perennial - Gourd Family - (Mar–May) - Shrubby Perennial - Lily Family - (Apr–Jun) - Common. umbellatus) Native Perennial - Lily Family - Streamsides, washes, shrubby open areas - Vine or open areas, forest edges - Vine 3-20' long. Shady to open woodland, scrub - Stem 2-8 dm. (Mar–May) - Open chaparral or woodland, gen on 6-20' long. Leaves moderately lobed. Flowers Leaves deeply lobed. Flowers white, deep Leaves grasslike. Flowers 2-many, hanging, serpentine - Stem 3-10". Petals white or pink, cream or white, < 0.3" wide. Fruit spiny all over. cup-shaped, > 0.3" wide. Fruit smooth at end. closed at tip. Sepals 10-15 mm. Petals white to 0.5-0.7" long, square tip, purple-spotted base. pink, 20-25 mm long. CNPS: FAIRLY ENDANGERED.

WHITE BUTTERFLY MARIPOSA LILY FRAGRANT FRITILLARY (Fritillaria liliacea) HOOKER FAIRY BELLS (Prosartes hookeri) YERBA MANSA (Anemopsis californica) Native (Calochortus venustus) Native Perennial - Lily Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Feb–Apr) - Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - Perennial - Lizard's-tail Family - (Mar–Sep) - Family - (May–Jul) - Sandy (often granitic) soil in Heavy soil, open hills, fields near coast - Stem Montane conifer, mixed-evergreen forest, Common. Saline or alkaline soil, wet or moist grassland, woodland, yellow-pine forest - Flowers 4-14" tall. Leaves 2-20, 1.4-4.7" long. Petals exposed roadside - Stem 12-32" tall. Leaf 1.2-6" areas, seeps, springs - Stems 3-32" long. 4-9 white w/square yellow nectary; 2 red patches white, striped green, 0.4-0.6" long. CNPS: long. Flower 0.3-0.6" long, white, hanging below petal-like bracts 0.2-1.4" long, white often tinged above. Petals 1.2-2" long. FAIRLY ENDANGERED. the leaves, stamens > petals. red. Was used medicinally. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 30

GOOSE GRASS (Galium aparine) Native Annual CHEESEWEED (Malva parviflora) Naturalized COMMON PALE CLAYTONIA (Claytonia exigua COMMON MINER'S LETTUCE (Claytonia - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, ± shady Annual - Mallow Family - (Mar–May) - Common. subsp. exigua) Native Annual - Miner's Lettuce perfoliata subsp. perfoliata) Native Annual - places - Stem 12-35" long, weak, brittle. Leaves Disturbed places - Stem 8-32" long, gen erect, Family - (Apr–Jul) - Dry or moist, disturbed bare Miner's Lettuce Family - (Jan–May) - Vernally 0.5-1.6" long, in whorls of 6-8. Flowers white, widely branched. Flower bractlets linear. Petals clay to sandy soils, often serpentine - Stem leaf moist, often shady or disturbed sites - Basal leaf 4-lobed. Fruits covered w/short, hooked hairs. 0.1-0.2" long, pink to gen white. Fruit with flange free or fused. Petals 0.1-0.2", white or pink. length <3x width. Stem leaf gen not angled. from flower bracts. Seeds dull w/appendage. Seeds shiny w/large appendage.

YERBA BUENA (Clinopodium douglasii) Native COMMON HOREHOUND (Marrubium vulgare) SHORT-SPIKED HEDGE-NETTLE (Stachys CLIMBING MORNING-GLORY (Calystegia Perennial - Mint Family - (Apr–Sep) - Shady Naturalized Perennial - Mint Family - (Mar–Nov) - pycnantha) Native Perennial - Mint Family - purpurata subsp. purpurata) Native Perennial - places, chaparral, woodland - Stem trailing, gen Disturbed sites, gen overgrazed pastures - Stem (Jun–Oct) - Streambanks, springs, pine/oak Morning-glory Family - (May–Jun) - Chaparral, woody, forming mats. Leaves 0.4-1.4" long, oval. 4-24" long. Leaf blades 0.6-2.2" long. Flower forest - Plant 12-39", densely glandular, aromatic. coastal scrub - Stem strongly climbing. Leaf Petals white to lavender, 3-8 mm long. Aromatic. bract w/10 hook-tipped teeth. Flowers white, Flower cluster < 2", no spaces. Petals white to triangular, lobes strongly angled. Bractlets ~0.2" long. INVASIVE. pink, ~0.3" long. smooth, small, distant. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 31

SHORTSTEM MORNING-GLORY (Calystegia BINDWEED (Convolvulus arvensis) Naturalized DWARF SANDWEED (Athysanus pusillus) SHEPHERD'S PURSE (Capsella bursa-pastoris) subacaulis subsp. subacaulis) Native Perennial - Perennial - Morning-glory Family - (Mar–Oct) - Native Annual - Mustard Family - (Feb–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Jan–Oct) Morning-glory Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry, open Roadsides, open areas in many pl communities - Grassy, open slopes, rocky outcrops, chaparral, - Disturbed areas - Stem 4-20" long. Basal leaves scrub or woodland - Stem gen ~0.8" long. Trailing. Leaf 0.8-1.2" long, w/round tip, pointed flats, floodplains, cliffs, ledges - Stem 2-12" long, 1.2-2.4" long, dandelion-like. Petals white, Flowers 1.3-2.4" long, white or cream. Bractlets lobes. Flowers white to pink, 0.8-1" long. spindly. Flower cluster 1-sided. Petals white, 0.08-0.16" long. Fruits 0.16-0.35" long, flat, concealing flower bracts. NOXIOUS. ~0.1" long. Fruits round, hairy. heart-shaped.

MILK MAIDS (Cardamine californica) Native WESTERN BITTER-CRESS (Cardamine THREADLEAF PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium PROSTRATE PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium Perennial - Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Gen oligosperma) Native Annual - Mustard Family - nitidum) Native Annual - Mustard Family - strictum) Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - shaded sites, canyons, woodland. One of first (Mar–Jul) - Wet meadows, shady banks, damp (Feb–Mar) - Alkaline soils, pastures, dry vernal (Apr–Jun) - Uncommon. Disturbed areas, spring flowers - Stem 10-24" long. Leaves lobed areas - Plants < 16". Leaves divided into 5-9 pools, fields, beaches - Fruit stalk flat. Fruit woodland, slopes - Stem 2.8-6.7", gen crawling. to compound w/sharp teeth. Petals white or pale leaflets. Flowers white, 0.1-0.2" long. Fruit < 0.1" smooth, 0.14-0.24" long, cupped, winged. Leaves pinnately lobed. Flower cluster crowded, rose, 0.3-0.5" long. wide. stallk < fruit, sepals stay. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 32

WATER CRESS (Nasturtium officinale) Native HAIRY FRINGEPOD (Thysanocarpus curvipes) BLACK NIGHTSHADE (Solanum nigrum) GAMBEL MILKVETCH (Astragalus gambelianus) Perennial - Mustard Family - (Mar–Nov) - Native Annual - Mustard Family - (Feb–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Nightshade Family - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, Streams, springs, marshes, lake margins, Common. Slopes, washes, moist meadows, (Mar–Oct) - Disturbed places - Flower 0.4" wide grassy areas, scrub - Plant 8-12" tall, slender. swamps - Stem 4-43" long. Leaflets 3-9, 0.3-1" woodland, streambanks - Stem 4-24". Leaf w/deep lobes, white. Anthers 0.08" long. Seeds Leaflets square-tipped. Flowers 4-15/cluster, wide. Petals white, 0.12-0.18" long. EDIBLE clasping w/'ears'. Fruit 0.12-0.24" wide, hanging, 0.08". Bracts 0.08-0.12" long, not curled back in white w/purple-tinge, ~0.1" long. Fruits ~0.15" leaves. often hairy w/perforated edge. fruit. long, reflexed.

WILD LICORICE (Glycyrrhiza lepidota) Native GULLY LUPINE (Lupinus microcarpus var. WHITE SWEETCLOVER (Melilotus albus) CALIFORNIA TEA (Rupertia physodes) Native Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Jul) - In colonies, densiflorus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Sep) - Woodland - moist, gen open, disturbed areas incl (Apr–Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas, (May–Sep) - Locally abundant. Pastures, open Stem ~1.6'. Leaflets 3, triangular to streambanks, roadsides, alkaline soils or not - occ seeded on roadbanks - Plant 4-32" tall, hairy. disturbed sites - Stem 1.6-6.6' long. Leaflets 3, lance-shaped, 1.4-2.8" long, sticky. Flower bracts Plant to 47" tall. Leaflets 9-19. Flowers whitish, Flowers 0.3-0.7" long, white to yellow. Flower 0.4-1" long, toothed. Flowers white, 0.14-0.2" not hairy, lobes =. Flowers white or yellow, 0.43-0.55". Fruit w/hooked prickles. bract hairs few, short. long. banner 0.4-0.55" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 33

THIMBLE CLOVER (Trifolium microdon) Native BICOLOR LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon bicolor) STICKY MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED (Cerastium DOUGLAS' STITCHWORT (Minuartia douglasii) Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Jun) - glomeratum) Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - Native Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early locally. Open, moist or dry, gen disturbed areas - Common. Open, grassy areas, chaparral, (Spring) - Dry hillsides, grassland, chaparral, summer) - Dry, rocky, slopes, flats in chaparral, Short-hairy. Head bract w/flat base. Flowers woodland - Plant 0.8-8.3" tall, hairy. Flower lobes disturbed areas - Flowers 0.1-02" long, white, oak and pine woodland, often serpentine - Plant white to pink. Calyx lobes < 1/2 flower tube ~0.1" long, pink or white; tube red; stigma sticky-hairy. Flower bract hairs extend beyond tip; 1.6-12", sticky-hairy. Leaves 0.2-1.6". Petals length, < flowers. <=0.02" long. bracts herbaceous. white, 0.12-0.24" long.

SMALL-FLOWER CATCHFLY (Silene gallica) STICKWORT (Spergula arvensis) Naturalized COMMON CHICKWEED (Stellaria media) CALIFORNIA DWARF PLANTAIN (Plantago Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early summer) - Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Feb–Sep) - erecta) Native Annual - Plantain Family - summer) - Fields, disturbed areas - Plant 4-16". Open slopes, pine woodland, sand dunes, fields, Oak woodland, meadows, disturbed areas - Plant (Mar–May) - Sandy, clay, serpentine soil; grassy Leaves < 1.4" long. Flower cluster short-hairy, disturbed areas - Stem 4-16"+. Leaves 0.4-2" 2.8-20" tall. Stem w/line of hairs on 1 side. Sepals slopes, flats, open woodland - Leaf 1.2-5" long, bracts sticky-hairy, petal blade 0.2-0.5" long, long, linear, in whorls. 0.12-0.18" long. Petals white, 2-lobed, 0.7-0.9x linear, hairy. Flowers + stem 1.2-12" tall, cluster smooth to notched, white to pink. sepals. 0.2-1.2" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 34

ENGLISH PLANTAIN (Plantago lanceolata) CREAM CUPS (Platystemon californicus) Native STICKY CINQUEFOIL (Drymocallis glandulosa WOOD (Fragaria vesca) Native Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Aug) Annual - Poppy Family - (Mar–May) - Open var. wrangelliana) Native Perennial - Rose Family Perennial - Rose Family - (Jan–Jul) - Gen partial - Common. Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, grassland, sandy soil, burns - Plant 1.2-12" tall, - (May–Jul) - Gen ± shady or moist areas - Stem shade in forest - Stem gen 1.2-6" long. Leaflets 3, hairy, 2-10" long, <= 1" wide. Flowers + stem shaggy-hairy. Leaves 0.4-3.5" long, narrow. 8-28". Flower 0.2-0.25" long, pale yellow to thin. Central leaflet gen w/12-21 teeth. Flower 8-31" tall, flower cluster 0.8-3" long. INVASIVE, Flowers solitary. Stamens > 12. Petals 6, gen cream. Terminal leaflet distinct, unlobed. white, gen 0.6" wide, often above leaves. Fruit a lawn weed. cream with yellow base. strawberry.

UNLOBED CALIFORNIA HORKELIA (Horkelia SMALL-FLOWER ALUMROOT (Heuchera WOODLAND STAR (Lithophragma affine) Native CALIFORNIA SAXIFRAGE (Micranthes californica var. frondosa) Native Perennial - Rose micrantha) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - Perennial - Saxifrage Family - (Mar–Apr) - Open, californica) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - Family - (May–Oct) - Coastal scrub, canyons, (Apr–Jul) - Moist, rocky banks and cliffs - Plant grassy slopes - Plant 4-24" tall. Leaves w/3-5 (Feb–May(Jun)) - Moist, shady places - Plant poison-oak thickets - Plant 4-48". Leaflets 4-40" tall. Leaf blade 0.8-4.7" long, 5-7 lobed, sharp-toothed shallow lobes, stem leaves 6-14" tall. Leaves 1.6-4" long, at base, 0.6-2.4" long, 3-5 per side, cut < 1/4 to base. generally hairy. Petals white, ~ 0.1" long. alternate. Petals 0.2-0.5" long, white. Hypanthium egg-shaped, >= 0.08" wide, toothed. Petals funnel-shaped. white, 0.1-0.18" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 35

YARROW (Achillea millefolium) Native Perennial MAYWEED (Anthemis cotula) Naturalized Annual MARSH BACCHARIS (Baccharis glutinosa) HORSEWEED ( canadensis) Naturalized - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Sep) - Many habitats - - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Disturbed Plant 4"-7' tall. Stem white-hairy. Leaves finely Disturbed areas, fields, coastal dunes, chaparral, Coastal freshwater and saltwater marshes, places - Plant 8-79" tall. Gen 1 main stem dissected. Flower cluster flat-topped. Flowers oak woodland - Leaves finely divided into streambanks - Plant herbaceous, sticky, 3-6' tall. branching above. Disk flowers yellow; rays white white to pink. Widely used in folk medicine. thread-like lobes. Flowers > 0.6" wide, many on Leaf blades lance-shaped, < 5" long, 0.5-1.2" or pink, <= 0.04" long. Head bracts 0.12-0.16" top of a well-branched stem. wide. tall,0.08-0.12" wide.

PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE (Erigeron HAYFIELD TARWEED (Hemizonia congesta CALIFORNIA EVERLASTING LONGHORN PLECTRITIS (Plectritis macrocera) philadelphicus var. philadelphicus) Native subsp. luzulifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower (Pseudognaphalium californicum) Native Biennial Native Annual - Valerian Family - (Mar–Jun) - Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family - Family - (Mar–Dec) - Disturbed, open, or grassy - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Sandy canyons, Common. Open, partly shaded slopes - Plant (May–Jun) - Streamsides, other moist habitats - sites, often clayey soils, serpentine - Plant 2-32" dry hills, coastal chaparral - Stem 8-51" tall. 24-32" tall. Leaves to 1.8" long. Flowers Plant 10-32" tall. Disk yellow. Rays 150-400, tall. Flowers white, rays 0.2-0.5" long; head bract Leaves green + glandular on both sides. Heads 0.08-0.15" long w/tapering spur, white to pale narrow, white to pink. Leaves clasping. tips < body. white, spheric, 0.2-0.24" long. pink. Fruit grooved. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 36

NORTHERN WATER PLANTAIN (Alisma triviale) SMALL-FLOWERED FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia CLUSTERED BROOMRAPE (Orobanche YELLOW JOHNNY-TUCK (Triphysaria eriantha Native Perennial - Water-plantain Family - menziesii) Native Annual - Borage Family - fasciculata) Native Perennial - Broom-rape subsp. eriantha) Native Annual - Broom-rape (Spring-fall) - Ponds - Plant to 3' tall. Leaf blades (May–Jul) - Shade-tolerant, open, disturbed Family - (Apr–Jul) - Dry, gen bare places. Root Family - (Mar–May) - Grassland, foothills - Plant 2.2-6" long. Flower clusters usually extend well areas at forest/woodland edges - Flowers yellow parasite on various - Plant 2-8" tall. 4-14" tall, purple. Leaves 0.4-2" long, 3-7 lobed. above leaves. 3 white petals gen 0.04-0.16" long. to orange-yellow, generally spotted, 0.2-0.3" long, Flowers pink or yellow, 5-20 on long stems. Flowers yellow with dark purple beak, 0.4-1" long. 0.1" wide. Leaves coarse-hairy.

CALIFORNIA BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus PRICKLESEED BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus WESTERN BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus FOOTHILL MEADOW-RUE (Thalictrum fendleri californicus var. californicus) Native Perennial - muricatus) Naturalized Annual - Buttercup Family occidentalis var. occidentalis) Native Perennial - var. polycarpum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Buttercup Family - (Mar–Aug) - Grassland, open - (Apr–Jun) - Stream-banks, drainages, low Buttercup Family - (Mar–Jul) - Grassy slopes in Family - (Mar–Jun) - Moist, open to shaded woodland - Petals 9-17, 0.28-0.55" long, often > meadows - Plant 6-20". Leaves gen 3-lobed. meadows or open woodland - Plant 4-24". Basal places, woodland, forest - Plant 2-6'+ tall, male or 2x width. Fruit body 0.07-0.13" long, 0.05-0.09" Petals yellow, 5, 0.16-0.3" long. Fruits 0.2" long leaves partly divided. Petals 5-6, 0.2-0.4" long. female. Leaf 1-4x divided, 3-18" long, segments wide, smooth. with curved bristles. Fruit w/short bristles. 0.3-0.8" long. No petals. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 37

PUNCTURE VINE (Tribulus terrestris) FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare) Naturalized CELERY WEED (Lomatium californicum) Native ALKALI DESERTPARSLEY (Lomatium Naturalized Annual - Caltrop Family - (Apr–Oct) - Perennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) - Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - caruifolium var. caruifolium) Native Perennial - Dry, disturbed areas incl roadsides, railways, Roadsides, disturbed sites - Plants 3-6.5' tall, Woodland, brushy slopes - Plant 12-48" tall, Carrot Family - (Mar–May) - Wet, clay vacant lots - Sprawling. Leaflets 6-12. Flowers anise-scented. Stems waxy-blue, canelike. smooth, waxy. Leaf segments wedge-shaped, depressions, open grassland - Plant 6-18" tall, yellow, < 0.2" wide. Fruits star-like, spines Flowers yellow. Leaf segments thread-like, edible celery-like. Flowers yellow. Used medicinally by gen stemless. Leaves from base, linear 0.16-0.28" long. NOXIOUS. when young. INVASIVE weed. Native Americans. segments, no swollen sheathes. Flowers bright yellow.

BLADDER PARSNIP (Lomatium utriculatum) POISON SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnata) Native PACIFIC WOODLAND SANICLE (Sanicula TURKEY PEA SANICLE (Sanicula tuberosa) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Feb–May) - Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–May) - Open crassicaulis) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open grassy slopes, meadows, woodland - Plant grassland or pine/oak woodland - Plants 5-24" (Mar–May) - Open slopes, ravines, woodland - Open gravelly meadows, chaparral, woodland, 4-20" tall, leafy stem. Leaf lobes linear, bases tall. Leaves 2x pinnate. Flowers yellow, male Plants stout, 9-47". Leaves 1-5" across with 3-5 pine forest - Plant 2-32" tall, slender. Leaves broad. Flowers bright yellow above unfused, flower stalk < fruit. Reported to be slightly TOXIC. deep, palmate lobes and serrate edges. Flowers finely dissected. Flowers bright yellow, male round bractlets. Fruit winged. yellow. flower stalks > bumpy fruit. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 38

HOOKER EVENING-PRIMROSE (Oenothera GOLDEN EGGS SUNCUP (Taraxia ovata) Native BREWER'S WESTERN FLAX (Hesperolinon YELLOW MARIPOSA LILY (Calochortus luteus) elata subsp. hookeri) Native Biennial - Evening Perennial - Evening Primrose Family - (Mar–Jun) breweri) Native Annual - Flax Family - (May–Jun) Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Apr–Jun) - Heavy Primrose Family - (Jun–Sep) - Moist, coastal, - Grassy fields, gen clay soil - Stemless. Leaf - Chaparral or grassland, occ on serpentine - soils in grassland, woodland, mixed-evergreen slightly inland, sandy bluffs - Plant 16-32", blade oval, 1.2-6" long w/long stalks. Flower Plant 2-8". Flower cluster congested, pedicels < 3 forest - Stem 8-20" long. Flowers bell-shaped, sticky-hairy. Leaves 1.6-10" long, flat. Petals stalks leafless. Petals yellow, 0.3-0.9" long. mm. Petals yellow, 0.2-0.4", > sepals. CNPS: deep yellow, 0.8-1.6" long, gen w/inner central yellow, 1-2" long. Seeds all fertile. Ovary hidden. FAIRLY ENDANGERED. red-brown spot.

MOUNT DIABLO FAIRY-LANTERN (Calochortus GOLDEN MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus guttatus) CLIMBING BEDSTRAW (Galium porrigens var. ERECT-POD WINTER CRESS (Barbarea pulchellus) Native Perennial - Lily Family - Native Perennial - Lopseed Family - (Mar–Aug) - porrigens) Native Perennial - Madder Family - orthoceras) Native Perennial - Mustard Family - (Apr–Jun) - Wooded slopes, rarely chaparral, gen Common. Wet places, gen terrestrial, occ (May–Aug) - Among shrubs in chaparral, forest - (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, streambanks, moist n aspect - Stem 4-12", gen branched. Petals light emergent or floating in mats - Plant 0.8-60". Stem 4-59" long. Leaves 0.1-0.7" long, oval to woodland, grassland - Stem 8-24". Lower leaves yellow, 1-1.3", sparsely hairy inside. CNPS: Flower yellow, gen > 0.8" long; mature bracts egg-shaped, in whorls of 4. Flowers yellow to red, w/large terminal lobe, upper clasping stem. FAIRLY ENDANGERED. flattened sideways, inflated in fruit. 4-lobed. Petals bright yellow, 0.2-0.3" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 39

BLACK MUSTARD (Brassica nigra) Naturalized TURNIP (Brassica rapa) Naturalized Annual - WESTERN WALLFLOWER (Erysimum capitatum SHORTPOD MUSTARD (Hirschfeldia incana) Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) - Common. Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas - var. capitatum) Native Biennial - Mustard Family - Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Mustard Family - Disturbed areas, fields - Plant 1-6' tall. Petals Stem 8-40" tall. Leaves clasping, upper (Mar–Sep) - Common. Open areas, woodland, (Apr–Oct) - Disturbed areas - Stem 16-60". bright yellow, 0.3-0.4" long. Fruit upright, pressed smooth-edged & waxy. Petals yellow, 0.2-0.4" sandy areas, chaparral - Petals orange to yellow, Longest leaves 1.6-4" long, dense-hairy. Petals against stem. INVASIVE weed. long, stalk 0.3-1"; fruit beak > 0.4". INVASIVE fruit 1-4.3" long. pale yellow, ~0.2" long. Fruit appressed. weed. Fall-blooming. INVASIVE.

YELLOW WATER CRESS (Rorippa curvisiliqua) CHARLOCK (Sinapis arvensis) Naturalized HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium officinale) CREEPING WOOD SORREL (Oxalis corniculata) Native Annual-Biennial - Mustard Family - Annual - Mustard Family - (Mar–Sep) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) Naturalized Perennial - Oxalis Family - (Most of (May–Oct) - Uncommon. Streambanks, marshy areas - Stem 8-39", no rosette. Leaves coarse. - Disturbed areas, fields, pastures - Stem 10-22" Year) - Disturbed areas - Plant < 20" tall, rooting ground, seepage areas, mud flats, meadows - Petals 0.35-0.47" long, yellow. Fruit 0.8-1.8", tall, thin, wiry. Petals 0.1-0.16" long, pale yellow. at nodes. Leaflets < 0.8" long, in 3s. Petals Stem spreading. Flowers yellow, stalks ascending, beak 0.24-0.47" long w/fat base. 3-7 Fruit 0.4-0.55" long, awl-shaped, appressed. yellow, < 8 mm long. Fruit 0.24-1" long. Possibly 0.04-0.16" long. valve veins. INVASIVE weed. TOXIC to sheep. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 40

BERMUDA BUTTERCUP (Oxalis pes-caprae) COLCHITA (Acmispon brachycarpus) Native DEERWEED (Acmispon glaber var. glaber) CALIFORNIA LOTUS (Acmispon wrangelianus) Naturalized Perennial - Oxalis Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Aug) - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas, roadsides, Grassland, oak and pine woodland, desert flats Chaparral, roadsides, coastal sands; common - Abundant. Coastal bluffs, chaparral, disturbed grassland, dunes - Flowering stem < 12" tall. and mtns, roadsides - Soft, densely hairy, < 16" Often shrubby, leaflets 3-6, many clusters of 3-7 areas - Low growing. Flowers yellow aging red, Leaflets in 3s, < 1.4" long. Petals yellow, < 1" tall. Flower yellow, almost stemless, bract lobes stemless flowers, yellow fading to orange-red, 0.2-0.4" long, almost stemless. Bract lobes same long. Ornamental. INVASIVE weed. 1-2x flower tube. 0.3-0.5" long. length as flower tube.

BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus) BUTTER LUPINE (Lupinus luteolus) Native CALIFORNIA BURCLOVER (Medicago SOURCLOVER (Melilotus indicus) Naturalized Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Jun–Sep) - Annual - Pea Family - (May–Aug) - Clearings, polymorpha) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Oct) - Open, Open, disturbed areas - Leaflets 5, 0.16-0.9" open or disturbed areas - Plant 12-30" tall. (Mar–Jul) - Common. Chaparral, oak woodland, disturbed areas - Stem 4-24" long. Leaflets 3, long. Flower cluster 3-7 flowered on0.6-4.7" stalk. Leaves hairy above. Flowers 0.4-0.6" long, gen streambanks, roadsides, disturbed areas - Stem 0.4-1" long. Flowers yellow, ~0.1" long. Flowers bright yellow, 0.4-0.55" long, banner pale yellow, upper and lower keel equally 4-20". Flower yellow, 0.14-0.24" long. Spiny spiral often reddish. short-hairy. fruits. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 41

PURSLANE (Portulaca oleracea) Naturalized BROADLEAF STONECROP (Sedum BLOW WIVES (Achyrachaena mollis) Native GIANT NATIVE DANDELION (Agoseris Perennial - Purslane Family - (Late spring-early spathulifolium) Native Perennial - Stonecrop Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - grandiflora var. grandiflora) Native Perennial - fall) - Disturbed soil - Stem 1.2-16" long, Family - (Apr–Aug) - Outcrops, often in shade - Common. Grassy sites, often clay soils - Plant Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Grassland, scrub, spreading. Leaves 0.12-1.2" long, ~ Plant mat-forming. Basal leaves spoon-shaped, 2-24" tall, soft-hairy. Flowers yellow turning red, woodland - Plant 10-40". Leaf lobes point up. spoon-shaped, flat. Flowers solitary. Petals forming persistent rosettes. Petals ~0.3" long, 0.1-0.5" wide, extend < 0.1" beyond green Flower rosy-purple, variable-sized bracts. Seed yellow, 4-6, 0.12-0.2" long. yellow. bracts. Showy, flat scales attached to seeds. tapers to beak > 2x body length. Leaf lobes point upward.

GLUE-SEED (Blennosperma nanum var. nanum) TOCALOTE (Centaurea melitensis) Naturalized YELLOW STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis) FITCH SPIKEWEED (Centromadia fitchii) Native Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jan–May) - Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - Open, grassy areas, often margins of seeps or fields, open woodland - Plant 4-39", gray-hairy, (May–Oct) - Invasive, roadsides, disturbed Grassland, ± alkaline flats, vernal pools, vernal pools - Plant 1.2-5"+, succulent, branched. resinous. Leaves 0.8-6" long. Flowers yellow, grassland or woodland - Plant 4-39" tall. Leaves woodland, disturbed sites, serpentine - Plant Leaf 1.2-2.4"+ long, 5-15 lobed. Flower bracts 0.4-0.8" long, bracts tipped w/purple spines. woolly, extend down the stem. Flower bract 2-20" tall. Leaves below flowers spiny, sticky. purple-tipped w/tuft of hairs. NOXIOUS weed. spines 0.4-1" long. NOXIOUS weed. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 42

BRASS-BUTTONS (Cotula coronopifolia) GERMAN IVY (Delairea odorata) Naturalized GREAT VALLEY GUMPLANT ( ROSILLA (Helenium puberulum) Native Biennial - Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Nov–Mar) - camporum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Aug) - Streambanks, (Mar–Dec) - Common. Saline and freshwater Shady, ± disturbed places, riparian woodland, (May–Nov) - Sandy or saline bottomland, seepage areas, lake margins - Plant 20-63". marshes, mud flats - Plant 2-16"+ tall, smooth, ± coastal scrub - Vine stem 3-20' long. Heads ~ 20 roadsides - Stem non-woody, 2-8' tall, whitish. Flower head spherical, disk flowers ~0.1" long, fleshy. Leaves linear to lance-shaped w/linear per cluster. Disk flowers bright yellow. NOXIOUS Leaves gen resinous. Head to 1.2" wide, bracts yellow on sides, brown-purple on top; rays teeth or lobes. INVASIVE. weed. bend downward. 0.15-0.4" long, point down.

DIABLO HELIANTHELLA (Helianthella castanea) COMMON SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus) SLENDER SUNFLOWER (Helianthus BRISTLY OX-TONGUE (Helminthotheca Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jun) - Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct) - gracilentus) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - echioides) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Open, grassy sites - Stem 4-20" tall. Leaves w/ 1 Disturbed areas, scrub, grassland, many other (Apr–Oct) - Dry slopes, esp after fires, chaparral, Sunflower Family - (All year) - Common. pair of veins more distinct. Outer head bracts habitats - Plant < 10'. Leaf blades 4-16" long, <= woodland - Plant 2-6.6'. Leaf blades 2-4.3" long, Disturbed areas - Stem 1-6.5' tall, bristly. Leaf leaf-like, curl around head. CNPS: FAIRLY 2x width. Rays 0.2-2" long, disks reddish. Head > 2x width. Rays 0.6-1" long, disks yellow-red, 2-8" long, covered with prickly bumps. Flower ENDANGERED. bracts 0.2-0.3" wide. head bracts 0.06-0.12" wide. heads 0.8-1.6" wide. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 43

BRISTLY GOLDENASTER (Heterotheca HEERMANN TARPLANT (Holocarpha SMOOTH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris glabra) ROUGH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris radicata) sessiliflora subsp. echioides) Native Perennial - heermannii) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Grassland, scrub, (May–Nov) - Grassland - Plant 0.2-1.2 m tall, (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, open woodland, open forest, disturbed sites - Plant 2-7 densely very-short-hairy, glandular. Ray flowers grassland, open woodland - Plant 4-24" tall, woodland - Plant 4-32" tall, rough-hairy. Rays dm, bristly. Leaves flat, to 5 cm long, upper 3-13, yellow. Disk flowers yellow to brown. Yellow smooth. Rays 0.2-0.3" long, barely > head bracts. 0.4-0.6" long, well exceeding head bracts. Fruits reduced. Head bracts not leafy. anthers. Only inner fruit beaked. INVASIVE. all beaked. INVASIVE weed.

WILLOW LETTUCE (Lactuca saligna) PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola) COMMON HARE-LEAF (Lagophylla CALIFORNIA GOLDFIELDS (Lasthenia Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - ramosissima) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - californica subsp. californica) Native Annual - (Jul–Nov) - Roadsides, grassland - Stem 12-39" (May–Oct) - Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem (Apr–Oct) - Grassland, openings in scrub, Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - Many habitats - tall. Leaf lobes entire or few-toothed, no prickles 1.6-10' tall, prickly-bristly. Leaves deeply-lobed, woodland, forest - Plant 4-40" tall. Leaves hairy, Stem < 16" tall, hairy. Leaves 0.3-2.8" long, underneath. Flowers 5-12, pale yellow, open in midvein and edges prickly-bristly. Flowers pale often sticky, to 4.7" long. Rays yellow, 0.12-0.24" <0.25" wide, smooth edged. Head bracts 4-13, morning. yellow, 0.16-0.2" wide. long. not joined. Rays 0.2-0.7" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 44

TIDY-TIPS (Layia platyglossa) Native Annual - VALLEY LESSINGIA (Lessingia pectinata var. GUMWEED (Madia gracilis) Native Annual - COAST TARWEED (Madia sativa) Native Annual Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jul) - Many habitats - tenuipes) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Open, - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - Grassy, open, Plant 1-28" tall, sticky. Leaves narrow. Ray (May–Oct) - Coastal scrub, woodland, pine forest, semi-shaded or disturbed sites, many habitats, or disturbed sites - Plant 3.5-10 dm, hairy, all flowers 0.1-0.8" long, yellow w/white tips. Disk chaparral, occ sandy soil - Plant 2-28", sticky. incl serpentine - Plant 2.4-40" tall, hairy, upper glandular. Leaf 0.8-7.1" long, 0.1-0.7" wide. Rays anthers gen dark purple. Flowers yellow w/purple-brown band, rayless. half sticky. Leaf 0.4-4" long. Rays yellow, 3-10, green-yellow, 8-13, 0.06-0.16" long. Head bracts 0.06-0.3" long. Bracts 6-10 mm tall. 0.24-0.6" tall.

PINEAPPLE WEED (Matricaria discoidea) COTTON-BATTING PLANT (Pseudognaphalium COMMON GROUNDSEL (Senecio vulgaris) CALIFORNIA GOLDENROD (Solidago velutina Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - stramineum) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower (Feb–Aug) - Abundant. Disturbed sites, (Mar–Aug) - Many habitats, dunes, chaparral (Feb–Jul) - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant Family - (May–Nov) - Woodland margins, riverbanks - Plant 4-12" tall, sweet-scented. slopes, roadsides - Heads 0.16-0.2" long, female 4-24" tall, not hairy, w/1-10+ stems. Flower head grassland, disturbed soils - Stem 8-60" tall. Gen Heads pineapple-shaped, ~ 0.4" wide; head stalk flowers > 0.08" long, pappus bristles free. bracts with black-tips. Milky sap. densely short-soft-hairy. Flower cluster height to 0.6" long. 2-4x width. Revision: 3/7/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 45

PRICKLY SOW THISTLE (Sonchus asper subsp. COMMON SOW THISTLE (Sonchus oleraceus) COMMON DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale) SILVERPUFFS (Uropappus lindleyi) Native asper) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–May) - (All year) - Common. Slightly moist disturbed - Abundant. Disturbed places - Plant 4-55" tall. - (All year) - Abundant. Esp disturbed areas - Common. Open grassland, woodland, chaparral, sites, along streams - Plant 4-48". Leaf teeth Leaf teeth soft to touch. Basal lobes of upper Stem hollow. Leaves bright green with sharp deserts, gen in loose soils - Heads pale yellow, prickly. Basal lobes of upper leaves rounded, leaves sharply pointed, straight to curving down-pointing lobes. Outer head bracts reflexed. never nod. Outer head bracts always > 1/4 inner curving downward. upward. Fruit ~ brown. length. Pappus scale notched.

NARROW-LEAVED MULE'S EARS (Wyethia SMOOTH MULE'S EARS (Wyethia glabra) GRAY MULE'S EARS (Wyethia helenioides) JOHNNY-JUMP-UP (Viola pedunculata) Native angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Violet Family - (Feb–Apr) - Open, - (Apr–Aug) - Grassland - Plant 4-35" tall, Gen shady sites - Plant 4-16" tall, shiny green, no (Mar–May(Aug)) - Open grassland, woodland, grassy slopes, hillsides, chaparral, oak woodland, rough-hairy. Leaves narrow, veins all similar, woolly hairs. Leaf basal blades 10-18" long, scrub - Plant 8-28" tall, densely woolly, often gen full sun - Plant 2-15" tall. No basal leaves. base blades 4-20" long. Ray flowers 0.6-1.8" lance-shaped to oval, shiny. Ray flowers 1-2" becoming smooth. Some woolly hairs remain on Petals gold-yellow, lower 3 brown-veined, upper long. long. leaf stalks and floral bracts. 2 red-brown on back. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 46

JIM BRUSH (Ceanothus oliganthus var. CHAPARRAL CURRANT ( malvaceum var. RED-FLOWERING CURRANT (Ribes CALIFORNIA HUCKLEBERRY (Vaccinium sorediatus) Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - malvaceum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry sanguineum var. glutinosum) Native Perennial - ovatum) Native Perennial - Heath Family - (Jan–May) - Slopes, ridges, chaparral, conifer Family - (Oct–Apr) - Chaparral, oak woodland - Gooseberry Family - (Feb–Apr) - Many habitats - (Mar–May) - Edges, clearings in conifer forest - forest - / < 11.5' tall. Twigs red-brown. Shrub < 6.6' tall, no prickles. Petals 0.08-0.12" Shrub < 13' tall, no prickles. Sepals pink to white. Shrub 1.6-10' tall. Leaf 1-2" long, evergreen. Leaves alternate, 3 main veins. Flowers blue, long, pink to white. Styles hairy at base. Petals white to red, ~0.1" long. Styles smooth. Flowers pink, < 0.3" long, 3-10/group. Fruit black, purple-blue or whitish. 0.24-0.35" diam.

HAIRY VINE HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos albus var. BLACK SAGE (Salvia mellifera) Native Perennial BLUE WITCH (Solanum umbelliferum) Native hispidula) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family laevigatus) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle - Mint Family - (Mar–Jun) - Coastal-sage scrub, Perennial - Nightshade Family - (All year) - - (May–Jun) - Canyons, streamsides, woodland - Family - (May–Jul) - Shady woodland, lower chaparral - Shrub 3.3-6' tall. Leaf 1-2.8" Shrubland, mixed-evergreen forest, woodland - Shrub sprawling-climbing, 6-10' long, short-hairy. streambanks, N. slopes - Shrub 20-71" tall. long, toothed, hairy underneath. Flowers blue, Plant gen < 39", upper stem hairs branched, Flower cluster densely sticky. Flowers pink, Flowers > 8/cluster, pink, 0.16-0.24" long, white or lavender, tube 0.2-0.4" long, in clusters dense. Flowers 0.6-1" wide, purple, with green 0.5-0.6" long, sticky-hairy. bell-shaped, swollen on 1 side. 0.6-1.6" wide. spots at the base. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 47

CALIFORNIA ROSE (Rosa californica) Native WOOD ROSE (Rosa gymnocarpa var. WHITE ALDER (Alnus rhombifolia) Native CALIFORNIA HAZELNUT (Corylus cornuta Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Nov) - Gen ± gymnocarpa) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Birch Family - (Apr–Jun) - Along subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Birch moist areas in sun, esp streambanks - Shrub ((Feb)Apr–Jul) - Common. Gen in shade of permanent streams - Tree. Leaves flat, not rusty Family - (Jan–Mar) - Common. Many habitats, 2.6-8.2' tall w/thick curved spines, forming forest, scrub - Shrub w/straight thorns. Flowers underneath, margins serrate, not rolled under. esp moist, shady places - Shrub, small tree < 13' thickets. Petals pink, 0.6-1" long; sepals unlobed. gen solitary, stalks sticky, fruit smooth, sepals Female flowers cone-like. Wood used for tall. Leaf velvetry-hairy. Fruits 0.8-1.2" long in deciduous. furniture and for smoking meats. papery bracts, 1-2/group.

CALIFORNIA COFFEE BERRY (Frangula GOLDEN CHINQUAPIN (Chrysolepis COAST LIVE OAK (Quercus agrifolia var. BLUE OAK (Quercus douglasii) Native Perennial californica subsp. californica) Native Perennial - chrysophylla var. minor) Native Perennial - Oak agrifolia) Native Perennial - Oak Family - - Oak Family - (Apr–May) - Dry slopes, interior Buckthorn Family - (May–Jul) - Coastal-sage Family - (Jun–Sep) - Conifer forest, (Mar–Apr) - Valleys, slopes, mixed-evergreen foothills, woodland - Tree 20-66', deciduous. Bark scrub, chaparral, forest, woodland - Shrub < 16' closed-cone-pine forest, chaparral - Shrub/tree < forest, woodland - Tree 30-80'. Leaves convex, checkered into scales. Leaves 1.2-2.4" long, tall. Flowers greenish. Leaves smooth beneath. 16'. Leaf blade 2-6", folded, green above, golden hair-tuft below in vein axils. Acorns on 1st year bluish green, unlobed to shallowly lobed, lacking below. Fruit 1.2-2" bur. twigs, shell glabrous inside. bristles. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 48

CALIFORNIA BLACK OAK (Quercus kelloggii) VALLEY OAK () Native Perennial INTERIOR LIVE OAK (Quercus wislizeni var. GRAY PINE () Native Perennial - Native Perennial - Oak Family - (Apr–May) - - Oak Family - (Mar–Apr) - Slopes, valleys, wislizeni) Native Perennial - Oak Family - Pine Family - - - Foothill woodland, n oak Slopes, valleys, woodland, conifer forest - Tree < savanna - Tree < 115' tall, deciduous. Leaves (Mar–May) - Interior canyons, slopes, pine/oak woodland, chaparral, infertile soils in 80', deciduous. Leaves 3.5-8" long, supple, 2-5" long, not leathery, deeply lobed, lobes woodland - Tree < 75'. Leaf blades 0.8-2" long, mixed-conifer and hardwood forests - Tree < 125' deeply-lobed, lobes bristle-tipped. without bristles. Acorns 1.2-2" long, slender, cup hairless, flat. Acorns on 2nd year twigs, shell tall. Needles in 3s, 3.5-15" long, gray-green. 0.4-1.2" deep. woolly inside. Cone brownish, seed > wing.

BIG-LEAF MAPLE (Acer macrophyllum) Native BOX ELDER (Acer negundo) Native Perennial - WESTERN POISON OAK (Toxicodendron CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia Perennial - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Jun) - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Apr) - Streamsides, diversilobum) Native Perennial - Sumac Family - californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Common. Streambanks, canyons - Tree < 100'. bottomland. - Tree < 66' tall. Leaflets in 3s. Group (Apr–Jun) - Canyons, slopes, chaparral, coastal (Aug–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, open Leaves 5-lobed, 3-6" long, 4-10" wide. Group of of 10-250 hanging flowers appear with leaves. scrub, oak woodland - Shrub or vine. Leaflets 3, woodland - Shrub 2-8.5' tall, rounded. Leaves 20-90 hanging flowers appear after leaves. Winged fruits. Widely planted ornamental. red in fall, mid leaflet stalked. Flowers green. 0.4-4", hairy, thread-like, lt green to gray. Flower Winged seeds. Fruits white. TOXIC. heads < 5 mm wide. Sage-scented. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 49

FREMONT COTTONWOOD (Populus fremontii BLACK COTTONWOOD (Populus trichocarpa) WESTERN SYCAMORE (Platanus racemosa) CALIFORNIA YERBA SANTA (Eriodictyon subsp. fremontii) Native Perennial - Willow Family Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Feb–Apr) - Native Perennial - Sycamore Family - (Feb–Apr) - californicum) Native Perennial - Borage Family - - (Mar–Apr) - Scattered. Alluvial bottomland, Alluvial bottomland, streamsides - Tree < 100' Common. Streamsides, canyons, arroyos - Tree (Apr–Jul) - Slopes, fields, roadsides, woodland, streamsides - Tree < 66' tall. Leaves tall. Leaves egg-shaped, finely-scalloped edge, 33-115' tall. Bark peeling pale. Leaf blades 4-10" chaparral - Shrub 3.3-10' tall. Leaf blade sticky, heart-shaped to triangular, coarsely scalloped, blade 1.2-2.8" long. long, palmately lobed, smooth to hairy above, <= 6" long, 1.6-2" wide. Flowers white to purple, blade 1.2-2.8" long. short-woolly under. 0.3-0.5" long.

BUCKBRUSH (Ceanothus cuneatus var. CHAPARRAL (Clematis lasiantha) WESTERN VIRGIN'S BOWER (Clematis WESTERN AMERICAN DOGWOOD (Cornus cuneatus) Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Jan–Jun) - ligusticifolia) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family sericea subsp. occidentalis) Native Perennial - (Feb–May) - Sandy to rocky flats, slopes, ridges - Hillsides, chaparral, open woodland - Woody - (Jun–Sep) - Along streams, wet places - Dogwood Family - (May–Jul) - Generally moist Shrub/tree < 10' tall. Leaves opposite on rigid vine. Leaflets 3-5, +-3-lobed. Flowers gen 1, in Leaflets 5-15, irregularly lobed. Flowers many, in places - Shrub 5-13' tall. Leaf blades gen 2-4" twigs, w/single main vein. Flowers gen white. spring; sepals white to cream, 0.4-0.8" long. fall. Sepals white to cream, 0.2-0.24" long. long, rough-hairy below, veins in 4-7 pairs. Petals white, 0.1-0.2" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 50

HILLSIDE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes californicum CANYON GOOSEBERRY (Ribes menziesii var. PACIFIC MADRONE ( menziesii) Native MOUNT DIABLO ( var. californicum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry menziesii) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Family Perennial - Heath Family - (Mar–May) - Conifer, auriculata) Native Perennial - Heath Family - Family - (Feb–Mar) - Forest openings, woodland - - (Feb–Apr) - Common. Forest openings, oak forests - Tree < 130' tall, evergreen, peeling (Feb–Mar) - Sandstone, upland chaparral near Shrub < 5' tall. Leaf blades 0.4-1.2" long, not chaparral - Shrub < 10', prickly. Leaves sticky red bark. Leaf blades < 5" long. Flowers coast. Mount Diablo and vicinity - Leaves sticky. Sepals greenish, petals 0.12" long, white. below. Styles glabrous, anthers exserted, sepals yellow-white or pink, < 3.1" long. Berries red, < clasping. Densely fine-hairy leaves, twigs & fruit. purplish. 0.5" diam, round. CNPS: ENDANGERED.

BRITTLE-LEAF MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos EASTWOOD MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos BIG-BERRY MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos PITCHER SAGE ( calycina) Native crustacea subsp. crustacea) Native Perennial - glandulosa subsp. glandulosa) Native Perennial - glauca) Native Perennial - Heath Family - Perennial - Mint Family - (Apr–Jun) - Common. Heath Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, conifer Heath Family - (Jan–Apr) - Chaparral, conifer (Dec–Mar) - Rocky slopes, chaparral, woodland - Rocky slopes; chaparral, woodland - Shrub forest - Twigs bristly, leaf stalk 0.1-0.2", upper forest - Shrub 3-13' tall. Twigs w/gland-tipped Shrub-small tree, 3-26' tall. Twigs glabrous. 3.3-6.6' tall. Leaf blade gen 1.6-4.7" long. Flowers leaf surface shiny. hairs, leafy bracts, 0.1-0.2" leaf stalk, burl. Upper Leaves smooth, waxy-white. Flower stalk 0.3-0.4" white to lavender tinged, 1-1.2" long, 5-lobed, leaf surface not shiny. long, sticky-hairy. 2-lipped. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 51

BLUE ELDERBERRY (Sambucus nigra subsp. RED ELDERBERRY (Sambucus racemosa var. BLUE GUM (Eucalyptus globulus) Naturalized CHAMISE (Adenostoma fasciculatum var. caerulea) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - racemosa) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - Perennial - Myrtle Family - (Oct–Jan) - Common. fasciculatum) Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Sep) - Common. Streambanks, open (May-Jul) - Moist places - Shrub/tree 3-20' tall. Disturbed areas - Tree < 200' tall. Flowers single, (May–Jun) - Dry slopes, ridges, chaparral - Shrub places in forest - Shrub 7-26' tall. Flower cluster Leaflets 5-7, 1.6-6.3" long. Flower cluster large, gen stemless. Leaves 4-12" long, 1-1.6" or small tree < 13' tall. Flowers cream to white. flat-topped, 1.6-13" diam, petals spreading. Fruits dome-shaped, gen 6-12 cm diam, petals often wide; used medicinally by Aboriginals. INVASIVE Leaves narrow, shiny with flammable oils in warm waxy blue-black. reflexed. Fruits red. weed. weather.

UTAH SERVICE-BERRY (Amelanchier CHRISTMAS BERRY / TOYON ( OCEANSPRAY (Holodiscus discolor var. OSO BERRY (Oemleria cerasiformis) Native utahensis) Native Perennial - Rose Family - arbutifolia) Native Perennial - Rose Family - discolor) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, (Apr–Jun) - Open, rocky slopes, canyons, banks ((May)Jun–Aug) - Chaparral, oak woodland, (May–Aug) - Moist woodland edges, rocky slopes canyons, streambanks, lowland wet to dry open of creeks, deserts, conifer forest - Shrub-small mixed-evergreen forest - Shrub-tree < 33' tall, - Shrub 5-20' tall. Leaf blade 0.6-3.1" long, woodland, coast to shaded conifer forest - Shrub tree 2-16'. Leaves deciduous, toothed along outer evergreen. Leaf 2-4" long. Petals white, < 0.16" toothed at end. Flower cluster 0.8-10" long. 3-20'. Leaf 2-5" long. Flower cluster 1.2-4". Petals half of blade. long. Fruit bright red. Petals white, ~0.07" long. white, 0.12-0.24". Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 52

BITTER CHERRY (Prunus emarginata) Native SIERRA PLUM (Prunus subcordata) Native WESTERN CHOKE CHERRY (Prunus virginiana HIMALAYAN BLACKBERRY (Rubus Perennial - Rose Family - (Apr–Jun) - Rocky Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - var. demissa) Native Perennial - Rose Family - armeniacus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family slopes, canyons, chaparral, mixed-evergreen, Mixed-evergreen or conifer forest - Shrub < 10'. (May–Jun) - Rocky slopes, canyons, scrubland, - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, conifer forest - Shrub/tree < 50'. Leaf: stem Leaf: stem 0.16-0.6", blade 1-2", elliptic to wide oak/pine woodland - Shrub/tree < 20'. Leaf blade roadsides - Shrub w/thorny 5-angled stem. 0.1-0.5", blade 0.6-2.4" long. Petals white, egg-shaped, base round heart-shaped, tip round. 1.2-4" long. Flowers 18+, petals white, 0.16-0.3" Leaflets 3-5, white-hairy beneath. Blackberry-type 0.12-0.3" long. Fruit red to purple. Petals 0.2-0.4" long, white. long. fruit. INVASIVE.

THIMBLEBERRY (Rubus parviflorus) Native CALIFORNIA BLACKBERRY (Rubus ursinus) WESTERN HOP TREE ( crenulata) Native COAST SILK TASSEL (Garrya elliptica) Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Aug) - Common; Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Perennial - Rue Family - (Apr–May) - Scrub, Perennial - Silk Tassel Family - (Jan–Mar) - moist semi-shaded areas, esp edges of Open, disturbed areas - Stem round, woodland - Shrub/tree < 16' tall. Leaflets 3, Seacliffs, sand dunes, chaparral, foothill-pine woodland - Shrub 0.5-2 m tall, not prickly. Petals bristly/prickly. Leaves simple to 3 leaflets, 0.8-2.8" long, citrus odor when crushed. Petals woodland - Shrub or small tree, < 26' tall. Leaves 0.5-0.9" long, white. Leaves simple, 3-5 lobed. underside green. Plants unisexual. Petals green-white, 0.16-0.2" long, fragrant. Fruits 1-2 wavy-margined, underside hairs felt-like, Raspberry-type fruit. 0.24-0.6" long, white. Blackberry-type fruit. cm long. interwoven. Fruit hairy. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 53

GREEN-LEAF SILK TASSEL (Garrya fremontii) CALIFORNIA BUCKEYE (Aesculus californica) BRUSH (Baccharis pilularis subsp. MULE FAT (Baccharis salicifolia subsp. Native Perennial - Silk Tassel Family - (Jan–Apr) Native Perennial - Soapberry Family - (May–Jun) consanguinea) Native Perennial - Sunflower salicifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - - Chaparral, foothill woodland, montane forest - - Dry slopes, canyons, borders of streams - Large Family - (Jul–Dec) - Coastal bluffs, woodland, (All year) - Riparian woodland, canyon bottoms, Shrub < 10' tall. Leaves gen hairless below, not shrub or tree 13-39' tall. 5-7 leaflets. Flowers grassland, disturbed sites, occ on serpentine - disturbed sites, often forming thickets - Shrub < wavy-margined. Fruit smooth or w/hairy tip. white to pale rose. Large seeds toxic but edible Shrub < 15' tall, brittle, common. Leaves gen 13' tall, often sticky. Leaves to 6" long, with 1-3 after leaching out saponins. 0.6-1.6" long. main veins.

SHINYLEAF - (Berberis pinnata HOLLYLEAF REDBERRY (Rhamnus ilicifolia) CALIFORNIA WILD GRAPE ( californica) CALIFORNIA BAY (Umbellularia californica) subsp. pinnata) Native Perennial - Barberry Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - (Mar–Jun) - Native Perennial - Grape Family - (May–Jun) - Native Perennial - Laurel Family - (Nov–May) - Family - (Feb–May) - Rocky slopes, conifer Chaparral, montane forest - Shrub < 13' tall, Streamsides, springs, canyons - Woody vine to Common. Canyons, valleys, chaparral - Tree < forest, oak woodland, chaparral - Shrub gen < 7'. evergreen w/stiff branches. Leaf blades 0.8-1.6" 33'+long. Leaves deciduous, heart-shaped to 150' tall. Leaf 1.2-4", 0.6-1.2" wide, aromatic. Leaflets w/15-23 spiny teeth, spines < 0.1" long. long, toothed. Fruits 0.2-0.3" wide, red. kidney-shaped. Fruit purple when mature, gen > Cluster of 5-10 small, yellow or yellow-green Flowers yellow. 0.3" wide. flowers. Fruit 0.8-1" diam. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 54

BUSH MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus aurantiacus SCOTCH BROOM () FRENCH BROOM (Genista monspessulana) BIRCH-LEAF MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY var. aurantiacus) Native Perennial - Lopseed Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - (Cercocarpus betuloides var. betuloides) Native Family - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, coastal Common. Disturbed places - Shrub 6.6-8' tall, Common. Disturbed places. - Shrub < 10' tall, Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Dry, rocky cliffs, canyon sides - Shrub 4-60". Flowers yellow, deciduous. Stems sharply 5-angled, new twigs evergreen. Stems 8-10 ridged, leafy. Flowers slopes, chaparral - Shrub 3-10'. Leaf 0.4-1" long, orange or red; 1-2.3" long; bract tube glabrous. hairy. Flowers yellow, 1-2 at leaf bases, 0.6-0.8" yellow, 4-10 at branch tips, banner 0.4-0.6" long. end toothed. Flower 0.16-0.3" wide. Hairy fruit long. NOXIOUS. NOXIOUS. styles 2-3.5" long.

INTERIOR GOLDENBUSH (Ericameria GOLDEN-YARROW (Eriophyllum confertiflorum CALIFORNIA MATCHWEED (Gutierrezia HINDS' WILLOW (Salix exigua var. hindsiana) linearifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - var. confertiflorum) Native Perennial - Sunflower californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Apr–May) - (Mar–May) - Dry slopes, valleys, foothill and Family - (Apr–Aug) - Many dry habitats - (Jul–Nov) - Grassland, arid woodland and Common. Floodplains, sandy gravel - Shrub or desert woodland, saltbush and creosote-bush Shrubby, 8-28" tall. Leaves 0.4-2" long, deeply shrubland, serpentine - Stem 8-40" long, woody tree < 17' tall. Leaf blades 1.2-6" long, linear, scrub - Shrub/subshrub, 16-60". Heads large, 3-5 lobed. Flowers yellow; rays 4-6, 0.08-0.2" base. Leaf narrow, flat, <= 2" long. Ray flowers mature dense soft-hairy below. Ovary hairy. yellow, solitary; rays 0.3-0.8" long. long; head bracts 4-7. 4-13, 0.1-0.3" long. Revision: 3/7/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Diablo Foothills Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 55

RED WILLOW (Salix laevigata) Native Perennial ARROYO WILLOW (Salix lasiolepis) Native - Willow Family - (Dec–Jun) - Common. Perennial - Willow Family - (Jan–Jun) - Common. Riverbanks, seepage areas, lakeshores, canyons Shores, marshes, meadows, etc - Shrub-tree, - Tree bark fissured. Leaf lanceolate, glaucous bark smooth. Leaf-like stipules. Leaf egg-shaped, below, gen w/stalk glands. Stamens 5. Fruit waxy below. Fruit smooth, bract persistent, dark, glabrous. stamens 2. Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

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