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Polish National Cabinet Polish National Cabinet Chair: Krzysztof Norko Crisis Director: Justinas Mickus Polish National Cabinet PMUNC 2016 Contents Letter from the Chair…….………………………...……………………...…..3 Introduction……………………………………….……………………...…..4 Positions…..……………………………………….……………………...…..6 Topic A: Judicial System Scandal and the European Union .……..……..……9 Introduction…..………………………………….……………………….……………9 Current Situation………………………………….…………….…………...…………9 Relations with the EU….………………………….…………….………….…………11 Questions to Consider…….………..…………….………………...…….……….…...12 Topic B: National Defense………...…………………..…………………….14 Introduction….……………………………...….……………………….……………14 Current Situation………………………………….…………….…………...………..14 NATO & the United States……………………….…………….………….…………17 Questions to Consider…….………..…………….………………...…….……….…...19 2 Polish National Cabinet PMUNC 2016 Letter from the Chair Dear Delegates, Welcome to PMUNC 2016! My name is Krzysztof Norko and I will be your chair for the Polish Cabinet committee. As you may have realized from my name, I am Polish! Therefore, I have a strong personal interest in the events described in this background guide. Our crisis director, Justinas Mickus is also diligently following the events unfolding in Poland. For a little bit more about myself, I am now a sophomore at Princeton planning to major in Operations Research and Financial Engineering, perhaps with a little bit of finance and computer science on the side. I began participating in Model UN in college and heave learned a lot in the past year! This will be my second PMUNC, and I have previously served as the director for the Organization of American States. I can’t wait to explore the issues facing Poland today with you and listen to discussion from all the different members of the cabinet. I hope you will move towards resolving some of these problems, or maybe reforming Poland in a major way, or maybe neither of those – who knows? It’s crisis! We will mainly be focusing on the rise of the right-wing Law and Justice (PiS) government since 2015. Since then, they have endured scandals accusing the party of a breach of democracy, bigotry, and more. The Polish people are unhappy about this and protests have been staged, accusing the government of acting against the constitution. Poland has also received significant criticism from the US and EU on these issues, and it is currently at risk of getting its voting rights taken away by the European Commission. However, the situation is not one-sided. The PiS cites legal nuances, attempting to legitimize their actions. I urge you to familiarize yourselves with some basic history of Poland, especially the post-World War II era. The topic at hand will be concerned with domestic issues, international pressures, personal interests and constitutional legitimacy – it will be up to you to make these work to your advantage and lead the committee in a meaningful direction. The latest iteration of the Polish government is not yet 30 years old, meaning that memories of Soviet rule are still lurking in the memories of the Polish people, keep this in mind during committee. I recommend browsing articles by The New York Times, The Economist, and other resources for more insightful explanations on what is happening. I will be presiding over debate between cabinet members, ranging from political representatives from both parties and ministers to influential businessmen. Seeing ingenious solutions to problems in crisis is always a delight, and I look forward to seeing what you can all come up with! I hope you learn something from the committee and that this one country in Eastern Europe makes a bit more sense after this! I will attempt to simulate a realistic European environment; however, events will be dependent on your actions – cooperation and team work will be crucial. Right now, I suggest doing some light reading about the history and current situation of Poland in order to best prepare yourselves for what lies ahead. Feel free to reach out to me at [email protected] with any questions or comments. Good luck! Regards, Krzysztof Norko 3 Polish National Cabinet PMUNC 2016 Introduction Welcome to the Polish National Cabinet! This committee is meeting in the capital of Poland, Warsaw in the midst of a number of national crises. Your actions will affect the future of our great nation and the surrounding region. For a number of years, Poland has been the poster child of development in Eastern Europe. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Poland worked hard to make itself an important economy in the Western world. Much to the dismay of Russia, it joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.1 Since then, it has showed amazing growth, with its GDP growing from $64B in 1990 to $474B today.2 This is due to a variety of factors, including investment from the EU and privatization after its separation from the Soviet Union.3 It is currently the 6th largest economy in the EU and has a population of 38 million people.4 Its location also carries strategic significance, acting as one of NATO’s first lines of defense against Russia.5 However, in recent years, a rivalry between the Civil Platform (PO), the center-right party, and the Law and Justice (PiS), the right-wing party of Poland, has presented several threats to the future prosperity of our country. PiS has been gaining ground recently as nationalist movements arise in the wake of PO’s EU-friendly, multiculturalist approach.6 People are afraid of losing their national identity to pan-European values.7 The political 1 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17753718 2 http://data.worldbank.org/country/poland 3 https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2015/02/11/how-poland-became-europes-growth- champion-insights-from-the-successful-post-socialist-transition/ 4 http://www.msz.gov.pl/en/travel_to_poland/business_in_poland/ 5 http://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2016/07/13/poland_in_nato_an_underrated_ally_109555.html 6 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/oct/24/law-and-justice-poland-putin-russia 7 Ibid. 4 Polish National Cabinet PMUNC 2016 climate is also difficult to navigate due to the religious zeal in Poland. A far-right Catholic radio station, Radio Maryja, holds strong influence among its listeners; controlled by Father Tadeusz Rydzyk, the station promotes xenophobia and anti-Semitism.8 Though its audience comprises only 2% of all radio listeners, the station’s ideology aligns closely with the values of PiS.9 Father Rydzyk used his influence to help elect PiS in 2015 and is thought to carry significant political power.10 In fact, PiS party leader Jaroslaw Kaczynski has stated that the party would not have won October’s parliamentary elections without Radio Maryja.11 After their stunning electoral performance—winning over 37% of the votes—PiS launched a hostile takeover of government institutions that the EU cannot control.12 Within the first two weeks of taking power, PiS replaced the heads of the security and intelligence services with its own people.13 Following scandals regarding the Constitutional Tribunal, in which PiS unconstitutionally annulled the appointments of five constitutional judges to put in PiS allies, Poland has been turning its back to the EU powers.14 Though NATO leaders have finally responded to Poland’s requests and agreed to deploy military forces to the Baltic states and Eastern Poland, NATO’s willingness to open dialogue with Russia, combined with these radically uncertain domestic conditions, have led to increasing anxiety among the Polish people about the future of their country.15 8 http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21684826-attack-judicial-independence-reveals-governments- ideology-courting-disaster 9 Ibid. 10 https://www.ft.com/content/4344ca44-0b94-11e6-9cd4-2be898308be3 11 http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21684826-attack-judicial-independence-reveals-governments- ideology-courting-disaster. 12 http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21679494-two-weeks-polands-new-government-making-europe- nervous-return-awkward-squad 13 Ibid. 14 Ibid. 15 http://www.reuters.com/article/us-nato-summit-idUSKCN0ZN2NL 5 Polish National Cabinet PMUNC 2016 Topic A: Judicial System Scandal and the EU Following eight years in power, the Civil Platform (PO) political party is now in the opposition as Law and Justice (PiS) holds the majority in the Sejm (the lower house of the Polish parliament). This majority allows PiS to govern alone without having to make compromises with a coalition party, a strong position that has not existed in any of Poland’s past 26 years of democracy.16 The new government was quick to display of their new power; during the first days of her tenure, Beata Szydlo, the Prime Minister has appointed Mariusz Kaminski, former head of Poland’s Central Anti-Corruption Bureau, as the new chief of secret security services.17 This caused controversy as he was previously sentenced to 3 years in prison, following charges of abuse of office.18 In a move that has been deemed illegal, the president granted him a pardon immediately after the incident.19 The new Minister of Defense, Antoni Macierewicz, has been installed in office despite Szydlo claiming she would not do so during her campaign.20 He is known for spreading conspiracy theories regarding a plane crash that caused the tragic deaths of Polish president Lech Kaczynski in the Russian city of Smolensk in 2010.21 The former president’s twin brother, Jaroslaw Kaczynski, is founder of the PiS party and wields significant power now that his party is in the majority; though he is not president 16 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/27/poland-law-justice-party-wins-235-seats-can-govern- alone 17 https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/polands-disturbing-tilt-to-the-right/2015/11/29/480341e0- 952a-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html?utm_term=.59d52ecfdb3d 18 http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-poland-president-pardon-idUKKCN0T62H620151117 19 http://www.dw.com/en/a-silent-coup-in-poland/a-18877537 20 http://www.politico.eu/article/poland-government-kaczynski-szydlo/ 21 Ibid.
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