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Decapod Crustaceans of the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary Mary K

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Decapod Crustaceans of the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary Mary K CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Aquila Digital Community Gulf of Mexico Science Volume 23 Article 4 Number 1 Number 1 2005 Decapod Crustaceans of the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary Mary K. Wicksten Texas A&M University DOI: 10.18785/goms.2301.04 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Wicksten, M. K. 2005. Decapod Crustaceans of the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Gulf of Mexico Science 23 (1). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol23/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wicksten: Decapod Crustaceans of the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine S Gulf of 1\fl'xiro Srima, 2005 ( 1), pp. 30-37 Decapod Crustaceans of the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary MARY K. WICKSTEN Since 1985, new sampling and reexamination of existing specimens have re­ sulted in the finding of more than 25 additional decapod crustacean species at the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Of the 106 species of decapods that inhabit the Sanctuary, the predominant groups are the families Alpheidae, Palaemonidae, Paguridae, Diogenidae, Mithracidae, and Panopeidae. The West Flower Gardens Bank has the most diverse fauna of the areas sampled (60 species). Stetson Bank has 14 species that have not been found on the Flower Gardens Banks proper. Three species are typically found on mooring lines and oil platforms. Differences in bottom type and sampling effort may account for species differences at each bank. The majority of the species have tropical distri­ butions. arine invertebrates have been identified Nancy Fosta The majority of the specimens M and collected from the Flower Gardens were deposited in the collections of the De­ Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS), partment of Oceanography, TAMU. Data orig­ since the 1950s. From 1970 to 1990, biologists inally were recorded in handwritten catalogs. at Texas A&M University (TAMU), especially In 1999, these specimens formally were incor­ Thomas Bright and Linda Pequegnat of the porated into the Marine Invertebrates Collec­ Department of Oceanography, collected and tion, Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection identified species taken on the Banks. Results (TCWC) at TAMU. of these studies were summarized in Bright During remodeling and updating of the col­ and Pequegnat (1974), Kennedy et al. (1980), lections at TCvVC, much previously uncata­ and Rezak et al. (1985). loged material was located, identified, and cat­ The earliest report on decapods at the Banks aloged. From 2000 to present, students from was a doctoral dissertation by Ray (1974). Pe­ the Departments of Wildlife and Fisheries Sci­ quegnat and Ray (1974, in Bright and Pequeg­ ence and Biology, TAMU, have assisted me in nat) summarized collections of crustaceans sorting and cataloging specimens from the and other arthropods at West Flower Gardens TCWC, including more than 175 specimens Bank and listed 48 decapod species taken or from the FGBNMS. The personnel of the photographed there. Kennedy et al. (1980) FGBNMS office started a photo bank contain­ and Rezak et al. ( 1985) listed new records of ing both digital and film images of the biota decapods taken by the submersible vehicle Dia­ of the Banks, including many images of crus­ phus and box cores. Pequegnat and Heard taceans. The account that follows provides re­ (1979) described a new species of snapping cords and information on natural history of shrimp, Synalpheus agelas, from the Banks. species collected or photographed at the Wicksten and McClure (2003) described an­ Banks and natural gas production platform other new species of snapping shrimp, Alpheus High Island A389-A, located within the sanc­ hortensis, on the basis of newly collected mate­ tuary. rial and existing specimens of a previously un­ described species. !VlATERIALS AND METHODS Specin1ens from the FGBNMS taken in 1970-1990 were collected by hand or using ro­ For purposes of this study, I included rec­ tenone while SCUBA diving, from the sub­ ords only of decapods taken at 90 m or less. mersible vehicle Diaj1lws, and by box core or Bright and Pequegnat (1974) noted that the rock dredge. Since 1990, additional specimens, hard-bottom fauna rarely extended below 280 especially from Stetson Bank, have been col­ feet (85 m). Records of species came from lected by SCUBA. In 2003-2004, collections published records in Pequegnat and Ray were made on deep reefs of the FGBNMS us­ (1974), Rezak et al. (1985), and Kennedy et al. ing a remote operated vehicle (ROV) from the (1980) if the species came from 90 m or less. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis­ I did not include records that were not iden­ tration research vessels Ronald H. Brown and tified to species unless the record represented Published by The Aquila Digital Community,© 2005 by the 2005 ·Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium of Alabama 1 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 23 [2005], No. 1, Art. 4 WICKSTEN-DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE FGBNMS 31 the only report of a genus or a family. Except of species and their natural history reported in as noted in Table 1, specimens of these species my diving logbooks and among my personal are present in the TCvVC. All catalog numbers photographs. are from the TCWC. Most of the species re­ The estimated number of species should be ported in these works were identified by Linda regarded as conservative. Many species have Pequegnat and James Ray of TAMU. (See Ray, not been identified or are known only from 1974, for further information on use of mate­ pieces, larval stages, or badly preserved mate­ rial for comparison and identifications verified rial. Comparisons between banks are hindered by other biologists.) Patsy McLaughlin, West­ by sampling bias. At least two species of snap­ ern Washington University, identified Catapa­ ping shrimp (Alpheus spp.) and a large, brown gurus sharreri and Paguristes oxyophthalmus, and Pagurus sp. have yet to be collected or photo­ Darryl Felder, University of Louisiana, Lafay­ graphed. The East Flower Gardens Bank has ette, identified Pilu.mnu.s jloridanu.s. received the least attention in collecting. For species representing first records for the In the text that follows and in Table 1, the FGBNMS, I have provided data for the speci­ following abbreviations are used: vVFG = West mens or photographs on which the record is Flower Garden Bank, EFG = East Flower Gar­ based. Unless otherwise noted, only one spec­ den Bank, and STB = Stetson Bank; FGB prop­ imen is present in a particular lot. Unless oth­ er = East and West Banks, excluding the pro­ erwise noted, identifications are made by me duction platform (High Island A389-A = PLA) or were verified by me. and STB. Species taken or photographed only Since 1990, I have collected and identified at more than 40 m are so noted because this decapods taken by SCUBA diving at 20-35 m is the practical depth limit for most SCUBA at the FGBNMS. I took care to collect in what diving. Depth and community zonation follow I believed to be previously understudied habi­ Bright and Pequegnat, 1974: High Diversity tats: shale rubble, mooring lines, and octopus Coral Reef, at 36 m or less; Leary Algal/ Mad­ middens. I also identified 10 specimens taken mcis Zones, at 27 to 46 m; Low Diversity Reef from coral rubble during ROV operations. and Algal-Sponge Zones, 36-88 m; and Tran­ Collections made before 1992, when the sition Zone and Drowned Reefs, at 50-90 m. FGBNMS was established, could be made by Classification to family follows Martin and Da­ destructive means such as breaking coral heads vis (2001). Common names follow Williams et and sponges. Today, use of such techniques is a!. (1989). discouraged, as is the use of rotenone or other poisons or narcotics. Some fast-moving cad­ RESULTS deans (such as Cinetorh)'nchu.s manningi) have been photographed but not yet collected. Oth­ A total of 106 species of decapods have been er species either seem to be very rare (such as recorded at FGBNMS. A species list is given in Lysmata grabhami) or belong to edible species Table 1. The most species-rich groups are the (such as Panulirus mgus) that may be recover­ Alpheidae, Palaemonidae, Diogenidae, Pagm'-­ ing from constant collecting before establish­ idae, Mithracidae, and the four families of the ment of the Sanctuary. I am hesitant to collect superfamily Xanthoidea (Carpiliidae, Panopei­ specimens of such species. I sight-identified dae, Pilumnidae, Xanthidae s.s., and Trapezii­ species in the field while SCUBA diving if, on dae, previously all placed in the family Xanthi­ the basis of my experience, the species had dae). The WFG has the greatest number of re­ characteristic color marks or was so large (as corded species (60), followed by EFG (46), in the case of P. mgus) that there was no STB ( 45 species, 14 of which have not been chance of misidentification. In Table 1, I indi­ reported elsewhere in the FGBNMS), and PLA cated that a species was sight-identified by the (7). abbreviation "Obs." Penaeoid shrimp for the most part are ab­ Vlhen possible, I documented species that sent from samples taken in the FGBNMS. Pho­ were not collected with photographs taken tographs of a penaeoid, i\1etapenaojJsis goodei, with a Nikonos V underwater camera. Copies were taken near a sand patch at EFG. Species of these photographs are on file at the of Lucifer are planktonic and were caught ac­ FGBNMS office. I also identified species from cidentally in a benthic sampling device.
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