TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE Preamble 3 Field Days, 1956 ... 4 The Weather of 1955 5 List of Contributors 6 Cornish Notes 8 Ringing Recovery 27 Arrival and Departure of Cornish-breeding Migrants 28 The Walmsley Sanctuary and Camel Estuary 30 The Cornish Seas 31 The Isles of Scilly 33 Arrival and Departure of Migrants in the Isles of Scilly 38 The Common Buzzard and Associated Problems ... 39 First-Aid for Birds 42 The Macmillan Library 50 The Society's Rules 51 Balance Sheet 52 List of Members ... 53 Committees for 1955 and 1956 65 Index 66

- TWENTY-FIFTH REPORT OF The Cornwall Bird Watching and Preservation Society 1955 Edited by B. H. RYVES, H. M. QUICK and A. G. PARSONS (kindly assisted by Dr. R. H. BLAIR)

Forty-eight members joined the Society in 1955. We regret the loss by death of twelve members; twelve have resigned, and the resignation of thirty-two more has been assumed by reason of the non-payment of the subscription for three years. This makes a total of 602 ordinary members. The Twenty-fourth Annual General Meeting was held in the Museum, Truro, on April 16th, when Mr. George Edwards, on behalf of the R.S.P.B., showed films of the Avocet and of other birds which might possibly breed in Britain. The Autumn Meeting was held on December 4th, in Truro; and Dr. Coombs showed his films of Birds in Spain. One Executive Committee Meeting was held during the year. Our thanks are due to Mr. Wills for kindly auditing the accounts. Field Days were held on March 12th, at Marazion, and May 15th, near Ladock; that arranged for February 26th was largely offset by the heavy snowfall making access to Tamar Lake very difficult. (Field Days for 1956 will be found on page 4 of this Report). The loss of Major A. A. Dorrien Smith, of Tresco Abbey, Isles of Scilly, will be much felt by the Society. He was keenly interested in bird life and took steps to ensure the protection of breeding birds of the Islands. He had been a member of the Society since its foundation. The Society applied to the County Council for an Order to prohibit Sunday Shooting in Cornwall. The application was con­ curred in by the County Council and forwarded to the Home Office; the Home Secretary agreed to make such an Order, but applicable only to Schedule III birds (i.e., the Sporting birds). Birds in Schedule II (the " Black List ") may still be shot on Sundays. Interesting bird visitors during the year included a Greenland Redpoll, Richard's Pipit, Little Egrets in unusual numbers, Barnacle Goose, Ferruginous Duck, two American Pectoral Sandpipers, Bona­ parte's Sandpiper, Greater Yellowshank and Iceland Gull. 3 Members are asked to send their records for the year before January 15th following, to the Rev. J. E. Beckerlegge, Crowan Vicarage, Nr. Camborne. Members are begged to send their subscriptions to the Treasurer, and not to any of the Secretaries. As already announced, Mr. A. G. Parsons has resigned the post of Joint Honorary Secretary owing to pressure of work. Please send all correspondence to the new Joint Honorary Secretary:— The Rev. J. E. Bcckerlegge, The Vicarage, Crowan, Nr. Camborne. Mr. Parsons will still answer queries about telescopes and glasses.

*****

FIELD DAYS, 1956 These will be held as under: May 12th. Lamorran Woods, St. Michael Penkevil, Nr. Truro. Meeting at 2.30 p.m. at the point where the road to Ruan crosses Tregothnan Drive, near Tregonian Farm. " Richards' Bus " for St. Michael Penkivel leaves Truro Quay about 1.10 p.m. August 25th. Devoran, Nr. Truro. Meeting at 2.30 p.m. at the Old Foundry by the river. There will be little walking, as the intention is to allow the tide to gradually drive the Waders up past a vantage point. If time and tide permit, an inspection of the river lower down at Point may be of interest. September 8th. Day Run in the new " Scillonian," leaving Penzance about 9.30 a.m. Cost about 30/- per person. An attempt to see Skuas, Shearwaters, Storm Petrels, and Phalaropes at sea will be made. There would be time to see some Waders in the Scilly Isles also.

4 THE WEATHER OF 1955 By B. H. RYVES

The outstanding features of the weather of 1955 were (1) the very unpleasant conditions that prevailed almost throughout the month of May, which was not only vexatious to man but which made life difficult for breeding birds; (2) the wonderful warm and dry summer, which was vouchsafed to us throughout July and August and—to a lesser degree—in September. January. On the whole a really cold month as well as a wet one. There were hard frosts with a little snow on the 4th. February. An " Ice Age " gripped the land for the major part of the month. The frosts were severe and there were many falls of snow. March. The cold of February continued (to a lesser degree), caused largely by biting Easterly winds. April. Following the cold of the previous months, it was pleasant to experience days of sunshine and a long period of drought; which latter was excessive for farms and gardens. May. Except for a few closing days, the month was a most unpleasant and difficult one both for man and bird. There was almost ceaseless Easterly winds, deluges of rain, frosts and, on the 18th, snow all over the country though we luckily escaped. Birds had a hard time. June. Very variable. There were some pleasant, warm days, but on the 11th and 12th a severe gale blew from the South with torrential rains. On the whole it was a wet and cheerless month. Birds had many tribulations. July. Almost throughout, a great drought and heatwave pre­ vailed. A joy to mankind, but a tussle for crops in the garden. August. The weather of July continued all through the month— heat and drought. I can never remember the like for so long a period of time. September. Though rather cooler, September emulated the wonderful conditions of July and August. October. Variable. Almost a heatwave on the 11th. On the 6th there had been a gale. The latter part of the month was definitely cold and there were some heavy rainfalls. November. On the whole, a mild month with only a few cold days around mid-month. Normal rainfall and no frosts. December. A mild month with normal rainfalls and some light gales. No frosts. 5 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

L.P.A. L. P. Alder (non-member). G.A. Dr. G. Allsop. C.H.B. Capt. C. H. Bailhache. J.E.B. The Rev. J. E. Beckerlegge. S.V.B. Miss S. V. Benson (non-member). A.T.B. A. T. Beswetherick. R.H.B. Dr. R. H. Blair. E.H.W.B. Lt. Col. Sir E. H. W. Bolitho. E.A.R.B. Major E. A. R. Burden. E.L.B. Miss E. L. Butler. F.E.C. Mrs. F. E. Carter. N.J.C. N. J. Carter (non-member). H.C. H. Cavendish (non-member). H.P.O.C. H. P. O. Cleave. D.C. D. Cross. R.M.C. R. M. Curber. P.J.D. P. J. Dare (non-member). R.D. Mrs. R. Dewey. G. & J.D. Mr. and Mrs. Durrell (non-members) R.M.P. R. M. Fry. H.H.H. H. H. Hosking. H.H. H. Howard (non-member). H.G.H. H. G. Hurrell. T.B.J. T. B. Jago. A.J.J. A. J. James (non-member). M.J.J. Miss M. J. Jones. H.R.K. Mrs. H. Rait Kerr. F.J.L. F. J. Lawry. E.L. E. Leete (non-member). W. & M.L. Mr. and Mrs. Leon (non-members). L.B.L. L. B. Lewis. J.H.F.M. J. H. F. Mance. R.H. & M.J.M. Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Meares. M.J.M. M. J. Merriit (non-member). D.J.M. D. J. Mitchell (non-member). J.L.P. J. L. Palmer. A.G.P. A. G. Parsons. E.M.P. Miss E. M. Paynter. M.P. Miss M. Pellow. 6 G.P. G. Phillips (non-member). N.R.P. N. R. Phillips. L.P. Miss L. Pool. A.B.P. Mrs. A. B. Powell. H.M.Q. Miss H. M. Quick. B.S. B. Sage (non-member). A.V.S. & F.R.S, A. V. and F. R. Smith. B.S.-S. Mrs. Spenlove-Spenlove. T.J.S. T. J. Stephens. C.J.S. C. J. Stevens. M.T. Mrs. M. Tunnard. M.P.V. Mrs. M. P. Visick. G.W. G. Warner. O.G.W. O. G. Watkins (non-member). M.A.W. M. A. Webster. E.M.W. Miss E. M. Wheelan. T.J.W. T. J. Willcocks.

7 CORNISH NOTES FOR 1955

It is understood that the status of common birds is not normally recorded in the Report. From members' records received over a number of years it is now realised that certain of our less common birds occur regularly each year, if only in small numbers. (List given below). Therefore records of their normal appearance will no longer be printed in the Report, though notes of unusual numbers, dates, or localities will still be published. Please continue to send records of these birds, so that fluctuations in status and locality may be noted.

White Wagtail. Bar-tailed Godwit. Chiffchaffs (wintering). Black-tailed Godwit. Garganey. Knot. Pochard. Curlew Sandpiper. Tufted. Ruff. Goldeneye. Green Sandpiper. Common Scoter. Greenshank. Red-breasted Merganser. Grey Plover. Slavonian Grebe. Sandwich Tern. Black-necked Grebe. Common Tern. Great Northen Diver. Little Tern. Red-throated Diver. Puffin. Members or visitors wishing to study these and others such as Guillemot, Razorbill. Kittiwake and Cormorant, which are common but very local in the breeding season, should apply for information to the Secretaries.

1 RAVEN. Normal nesting reported from all parts of the County. Eds. 2 HOODED CROW. November 1st. One near Newlyn. G.L.B. On December 31st a single bird was present on Penzance Eastern Beach. A.G.P. 4 ROOK. On November 5th I saw a dozen birds flying inland from the tide-bed with an article in their bills, returning later to repeat the action. Some few ate the item of food on the fore­ shore and by following the " stand " of each bird I found that they were all feeding on acorns washed in by the tide. C.J.S. 7 MAGPIE. The albino bird which has been about in Treslothan district for several years has no black or dark plumage left but is white and cream throughout. R.H.B. 8 Cornish Notes Is it increasing numbers, or the changing food supplies of the countryside, that has driven the Magpie into town, especially the suburb? For the first time in a long life of birdwatching I have had six in a line on the ridge tiles of my roof, well within the boundaries of Penzance. They have become a common garden bird in the suburbs. One pair for some time roosted in a dracaena, near a busy roadway and stayed, despite regular mobbing. J.L.P.

GOLDEN ORIOLE. June 14th, near Housel Bay, one male. H.H.

GOLDFINCH. February 17th. Saw the exodus of birds from the Goldfinch roost in privet bushes in a very open site. At 7.14 a.m. about 30 or 40 suddenly burst out from the bushes and flew off twittering. About three minutes later 15 or so departed, and five minutes later, another 8. There must have been at least 50, probably well over this number. H.G.H. July 3rd, at Helford. A pair building, which subsequently reared a brood—a late record. R.H.B.

SISKIN. February 27th. Two in the Vale of Lanherne. R.M.F.

GREENLAND REDPOLL. On the afternoon of September 20th, a very large Redpoll was perched on the telegraph wire near our house, in Bude, in company with several House-Sparrows. I had the impression that it was a small Bunting, as, though less bulky in the body and longer in the tail, it compared roughly to the size of a Sparrow. On fetching my binoculars, the following details were noted, while the bird fed on dandelions in the garden or perched on low objects. While feeding, the bird came within 8 or 10 feet of me. Upperparts: Heavily striated with dark brown, including rump and lower back, and showing very little grey on rump. Underparts: Buffish-white, heavily striated on the sides of the breast and on the flanks. The striations on the flanks formed two or three bolder stripes. Chin and lores black, fore­ head patch crimson, bill yellow with dark-brown to black at tip and along top. I have seen a Greenland Redpoll on Fair Isle (confirmed by Kenneth Williamson), with the same bold flank-stripes but the Fair Isle bird was paler. The Bude bird, however, was typical of the Greenland race in size and colouring, and could hardly have been diagnosed as either a Mealy or a Lesser Redpoll. A low rather harsh flight twitter was heard often, and once or twice a sweet, " tsooeet." The bird was present the following morning, and then disappeared. F.E.C also saw it. S.V.B. 9 Cornish Notes 42 BR AMBLING. January 4th. Two at Black Rock, Crowan Parish. J.E.B. February 18th. One on my farm at Newbridge during the snowstorm. F.J.L. March 13th. Two at St. Ives. N.R.P. March 14th. At least six, including two males, in a stack­ yard in Luxulyan valley. C.J.S. October 27th. One at Drym, Crowan parish. J.E.B. November 10th. One at St. Ives, and on the 13th, two. N.R.P. November 16th. Several seen with flock of mixed Finches in a field of charlock seed. T.J.W. December 4th. A party of five or six, all female, were seen near Ruan High Lanes. H.M.Q. One male seen about St. Ives up to December 18th. G.P. December 30th. One roosting with Chaffinches at Clowance. J.E.B. A study of its occurence in the County since 1948 permits the conclusion that it is regular in small numbers and usually with Chaffinches, between late October and early March. I have no December records and rather wonder whether the October- November occurrences relate to appearing passage birds. A.G.P.

59 SNOW BUNTING. October 30th. A male on Tregonning Hill. R.D. November 6th. At Whitsand Bay, one male. O.G.W. December 17th. On the Tamar, one male. D.J.M. 61 HOUSE SPARROW. Two iron pinnacles removed from the top of the gasometer at Par contained two nests, and in one the eggshells of this species—estimated height, c. 50 feet. C.J.S.

73 RICHARD'S PIPIT. [On March 16th, at Penrose, a large upstanding Pipit was seen. It was a greyish brown bird, with fairly heavy streaking on back, no streaks on rump. The fairly long tail was wagged in Wagtail fashion. Rather indistinct pale superciliary stripe and stripe under ear coverts. There was some streaking on breast and upper flanks. Legs flesh colour. It rose silently. J.E.B.] 75 TREE PIPIT. On April 29th I saw and heard a bird "shuttle-cocking" from tall trees in the Luxulyan Valley. C.J.S. A bird spent a few days in the garden, at Allet, starting on November 17th. G.A. 10 Cornish Notes 102 COAL TIT. I have not seen even one at my bird table this winter, nor in my walks around. Is there a scarcity this year? H.P.O.C. 111 LONG-TAILED TIT. February 26th. A party of five fed at my bird table on six different days eating bread crumbs and the hung-up fat. This is the first time I have ever seen them do this; doubtless the extreme cold was the explanation. H.P.O.C. [See 22nd Report] 121 SPOTTED FLYCATCHER. July 8th. One at Treslothan Vicarage. Very scarce this year in this district. R.H.B. 123 PIED FLYCATCHER. August 28th. One near St. Ives. N.R.P. 128 FIRECREST. March 16th. One at Penrose. December 8th. One at Penrose. J.E.B. [155 ICTERINE WARBLER. On August 26th at Marazion Marsh, in osiers, I saw a large Warbler at close range and studied it for over an hour. The upper parts were olive with dark brown primaries and tail; dark crown. Whole of under parts olive yellow; distinct yellow eyestripe, blue-grey legs and yellowish bill. The bird was seen with a Chiffchaff and was much bigger and heavier built than the latter. After I had watched it for some time there appeared from the reeds another bird of similar plumage, but was much browner, with a less yellowy appearance. No note was heard, nor did I see the birds on the wing. Both birds moved rather heavily; they kept to the reeds, and were very wary when not actually in them. I saw them from a distance of about 3 to 4 yards hiding behind a bank, through 10 x 35 binoculars. G.P.] 162 BLACKCAP. [A pair wintered in Lelant, and came to our garden for food every day. M.P.J 164 LESSER WHITETHROAT. June 17th, at Church Cove, Mullion, a pair carrying food. (This bird is familiar to me in my part of the world, and I noted the usual differences from the Whitethroat.) B.S. 184 BLACKBIRD. I reared a fledgeling Blackbird most successfully placed in a basket filled with hay and dry bracken, before it was old enough to use its wings, a dark cloth being over the basket between feeds. I fed it on chopped worms, snails and slugs, the two last held by forceps and wiped backwards and forwards on 11 Cornish Notes newspapers to remove the slime. It had to be fed every 15 minutes from dawn to dusk with as much as it would take each time; there was no need to look at a clock, its clamour was quite terrific! The food was popped into its throat with forceps. Later, when it grew bigger and was put in a hutch, which of course, had a perch, the diet was varied with wood lice, leatherjackets, centipedes, beetle grubs, bluebottles, house flies and caterpillars; then later still, when it could fly, raspberries, apples, ants and ' ants eggs' were included. The hutch was kept out of doors, and when we thought it time for it to fly, the wire door of the hutch was left open, and he flew in and out each day, practising going a little further every time. When I called, he would let out a loud rattling call and swoop down from the highest fir tree to land straight onto my knee to dig worms out of a tinful I held for him. We went on worming expeditions together, I would use a hand fork, and whenever a worm appeared he would perform a sort of excited dance, flapping his wings and leaping on to my knee and off again several times. All this went on till the following spring, when one day when I was sitting out in the garden, near a wattle hurdle, he flew down from a tree, edged along the hurdle, eyeing me closely, then leaned forward, gently bit my lower lip, some­ thing he had never done before, flew off and never once allowed me to touch him again. Soon after he found a mate, and they nested near to the house. He remained very tame, and still is, but perhaps less so, since the battles with competing cocks. M.T. 178 REDWING. On January 1st near Truro, I heard some harsh warbling reminiscent of this species; the day was fine and cold. On searching, I located it coming from a single bird perched on a Whitethorn bush, whilst very many others fed in the field. An unusually early date for song. The song itself resembled the rapid and harsh local variant, which I have heard only around Lulea, N.E. Sweden. A.G.P. 187 GREENLAND WHEATEAR. August 28th, at Rock, one was noted on the roof of a bungalow near the sand dunes. It was very tame and seemed tired. The bird's size and buff breast was most noticeable. H.H.H. 203 NIGHTINGALE. June 12th, near Looe, my wife and I both heard one singing. We are both familiar with the song, which was unmistakeable. J.H.F.M. 220 SWALLOW. In the brilliant summer flocks were late both in arriving and departing in West Cornwall. My last flock arrival recorded was on May 23rd, when about 100 arrived over Penzance at sunset, and drifted off on a N.E.N, course at 9 p.m. The first return movement was watched in mid-August. 12 Cornish Notes On September 10th there was a steady influx over a wide area, I counted over 1,000 in small roving flocks. Many put out to sea against strengthening S.W. winds, in remarkable visibility, but returned and moved inland. There were only odd parties throughout October, but passages again in early November. The last party of 16 was seen on November 6th. J.L.P. 222 HOUSE-MARTIN, Birds present at cliff colonies at Crinnis and at Dodman Head. I received reliable information of another cliff colony near Blackhead. C.J.S. 232 HOOPOE. April 1st. One seen near Lamorna Cove. M.P.V. May 21st. One on a lawn in Saltash for three days. A.B.P. 240 CUCKOO. A Cuckoo on territory at Allet, near Truro, from April 19th to June 22nd. In April, heard and seen every day but two after 19th. In May, heard or seen only twice in the first 21 days—a very cold spell. In June, heard or seen every day but four up to 22nd. Times of calling ranged from 5.30 a.m. to 7.45 p.m. G.A. 249 LITTLE OWL. Birds seen up to July 2nd (but not since) at the usual railway embankment hitherto recorded. They have been recorded annually at this site for at least 19 years. C.J.S. 262 MERLIN. February 5th. One chasing a Pipit at Mawgan Porth. R.M.F. December 8th. One in attendance on the Starling roost at Penrose. J.E.B. 269 BUZZARD. Compared with 1954, the reproduction in the St. Mawgan area has been bad. I heard no young birds for the year. In 1953 I knew of three nests in half-a-mile of wooded valley, and a fourth on the cliff—all produced young. This year I found no nests at all. I cannot think it possible that the Buzzards have sufficient foresight to know that, with no rabbits, there would be no food for their young. A.T.B. July 3rd. Young Buzzard out of nest at Canminellis. June 29th. Young Buzzard with two parents, Treslothan Woods. August 31st. Young Buzzard, Ramsgate, near Treslothan. These two records may be of the same bird. R.H.B. A pair seen nesting early this year soon disappeared. Scarce all the summer, but a few now about in the Wadebridge district. E.A.R.B. 13 Cornish Notes None seen in Constantine Bay area, nor Trevose Head, during a visit September 1st—14th. H.R.R. Within 12 feet of the kitchen window a Buzzard came to our bird table in Bodmin several times in early November, generally early in the morning. C.A.S. Beacon Cove, May 28th, female sitting, nest later abandoned. Park Head, no breeding this year. F.R.S. Mr. David Borlase told me that he had searched half-a-dozen nests in the Burngullow and Bugle districts and had found no eggs up to July. One nest had fresh green leaves. I had reports from reliable observers of one bird seen with a Crow in its talons and of another carrying a hedgehog. C.J.S. 271 MARSH HARRIER. An immature female was present at Marazion Marsh from early February to early March. R.H.B., A.G.P. 287 SPOONBILL. April 11th to 18th. One at Marazion. R.H. and M.J.M. J.E.B., A.G.P., M.P.V. April 29th. One on Hayle Estuary. N.R.P. 289 COMMON HERON. March. Tremayne site. Five nests with young. T.J.S. The nest recorded on the sea cliffs (see 1954) was again used and on March 13th contained three young and one egg. The eggs were thus laid during the snowy weather of February. For some unaccountable reason the young left the nest prema­ turely, for on April 16th there was no sign of the young or of the odd egg. At St. Winnow Herony, on May 10th, I could find evidence of only six occupied nests, compared with ten in 1954. Two were in oaks, three in larches, one in a beech. C.J.S. 292 LITTLE EGRET. During April, 1955, Little Egrets were identified in various parts of Cornwall, and it seems probable that at least five birds (just possibly seven) were involved. I saw and studied all the birds except that at Ruan Lanihorne; in each case the character­ istic feet were seen. On April 7th, at Penrose, Helston, Mr. J. L. Rogers and his keeper saw three white birds in company with a Heron at the edge of the Loe Pool. They were not certainly identified as other than white Herons before they flew up into a tree. On th 13th at about 6.30 a.m., Mr. V. L. Tregenza and I saw two Little Egrets there. These remained together at that place for about a fortnight. On April 10th one appeared on Marazion Marsh, where it remained until 23rd, seen by J.E.B., L.B.L., R.H. and M.J.M., AG.P., B.S.-S. During the 16th—18th April it was joined by an adult Spoonbill, and a very fine pair they made. 14 Cornish Notes On April 11th Mr. D. G. Field identified a Little Egret at Gwithian, near Hayle. It was not seen there subsequently. Also on April 11th, Mr. E. A. Rowe saw one at Ruan Lanihorne Flats, some 25 miles away. This bird was seen by Mr. A. N. Sykes and Mr. E. Leete on April 12th, and it disappeared about the 15th. On April 13th one was also seen at St. Erth, near Hayle, by N.R.P. and on the 14th by R.H.B., M.J.J, and Mr. Sykes. It remained there until the 23rd. At first we thought it was the Marazion bird that had crossed the narrow neck of land between the two places, but on the 17th, when I saw it, with Messrs. Edwards and Sykes, we decided that it was probably the Gwithian bird. It was the finest of them all, having very long head and breast plumes and a well-developed " train." On April 22nd, one at Trewornan Bridge. A.G.P., M.A.W. 300 WHOOPER SWAN. January 19th. Tamar Lake, five adults. F.E.C. October 25th, at Gwithian, two adults and four juveniles came over calling contentedly. They swung out to sea, but in a few minutes returned and settled on the Pool. R.H.B., A.G.P. Seen on October 27th. J.E.B. October 30th. Six on Hayle Estuary, two adults and four cygnets. M.J.J. 301 BEWICK'S SWAN. February 20th. Three on Carnsew Pool. ML.J.J. Seen also on February 27th. N.RJP., G.P. March 1st to 10th. Seventeen at Gwithian Pool. J.E.B., R.H.B., A.G.P., H.M.Q. 502 MUTE SWAN. On Tamar Lake, for the first time for many years, no young were raised. Two nests with eggs were flooded. F.E.C.

15 Cornish Notes SWANS. A Whooper Swan spent the winter of 1953-54 on the pool in St. Agnes (Isles of Scilly) and was joined there by a party of Mutes. When they were all feeding together by up-ending, the Whooper could always be picked out by the bluntly wedge- shaped tail, in contrast to the sharp tapering tails of the Mutes. (See 24th Report). In March, 1955 a party of Bewicks came to Gwithian pool, where I studied their up-ended sterns carefully. There were none of the other two species present for comparison, but the tail seemed to me rounder-topped in shape than the Whoopers. I noticed this rounded tail again when three Bewicks came to St. Agnes pool. The diagram gives my impression of the three forms of tail, but I would not like to be dogmatic about the difference between the Whooper and the Bewick, which may have been due to individual variations. H.M.Q. 304 WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. December 13th. On Tamar Lake, two, remaining on and off until mid-February. F.E.C. December 17th. On the Tamar, three. D.J.M. 311 BARNACLE GOOSE. November 13th. At the Land's End a single bird was seen to come in from the sea, and drink at a pool of fresh water. A.J.J. Also seen on November 15th. L.P. 312 DARK-BREASTED BRENT GOOSE. December 18th. Five seen at Porthkidney Sands. M.E., A.G.P. 317 MALLARD. Ten of eleven eggs hatched in a nest in a disused quarry right close to the Marshalling Yard at St. Blazey, and to a row of houses. The owner of poultry kept in the quarry told me that the duck with some of her ducklings subsequently fed with the poultry on one occasion. C.J.S. 318 GADWALL. November 7th, on Tamar Lake, two males and two females remained nearly three weeks. The black " sterns " of the males were conspicuous, and when in flight with Mallard the more pointed wings were noticeable. F.E.C. December 8th, at Loe Pool, three birds. J.E.B. 322 GARGANEY. On March 30th, five pairs were seen at Marazion Marsh. J.E.B. From then until May 7th one to four birds were seen by: J.E.B., L.B.L., R.H. & M.J.M., N.R.P. 16 Cornish Notes 325 PINTAIL. Hayle Estuary: January 16th to February 20th—one. M.J.J. February 27th—a pair. M.J.J. March 10th—two drakes, seven ducks. J.E.B. Loe Pool: January 18th—four pairs. J.E.B. Tamar Lake: August 27th—a pair. F.E.C. St. German's River: December 29th—twelve. P.J.D., R.M.C. 328 POCHARD. January 14th. Nineteen on Argal Reservoir. R.H. & M.J.M. November 26th. Above Cargreen on the Tamar, one drake; our first record here. P.J.D., R.M.C. 329 FERRUGINOUS DUCK. March 16th, at Loe Pool. One adult male. It had a rich chestnut head, breast and neck, and a white eye. It sat high on water, and the white under tail coverts were noticeable. J.E.B. Also seen by A.G.P. and R.H.B. 331 SCAUP-DUCK. January 26th. Tamar Lake, one drake—my first record of a drake here. F.E.C. March 16th. One adult drake at Loe Pool. J.E.B. 337 COMMON EIDER. December 18th. Three, apparently immature males were seen off Smeaton's Pier, St. Ives. Two watched feeding took only green crabs and had some difficulty in dealing with larger ones. M.E., A.G.P., N.R.P. December 29th. St. John's Lake, two females, gale-driven. R.M.C., P.J.D. 339 COMMON SCOTER. January 2nd. One in Hayle Harbour Channel. M.J.J. March 30th and 31st. At Marazion, a drake and a duck. J.E.B., R.H.B. April 21st. At Marazion, one duck. R.H.B. December 27th. One duck on Tamar Lake. F.E.C. 340 VELVET SCOTER. March 20th. Two on Loe Pool. B.S.-S 17 Cornish Notes December 4th. Two off Porthleven. The white wing bars were clearly visible on both. They were both juveniles, in brown plumage with whitish dot behind the eye. G.P. December 10th. Three off Loc Bar with Common Scoter. A.G.P. 342 GOOSANDER. December 31st. A mature male at Tamar Lake. A.H.J., D.B.J. 344 SMEW. January 8th and 23rd. A pair on the Tamar. E.M.W. January 26th. Tamar Lake, one duck. F.E.C. December 24th. Off Marazion. One " red-head " swimming and diving near highwater mark. T.B.J. 350 STORM PETREL. December 20th. One off St. Ives, strong north wind. G.P. 351 LEACH'S FORK-TAILED PETREL. On December 22nd one was brought me for indentiflcation having been picked up at Foxhole, some seven miles inland. Strong winds prevailed the previous night. C.J.S. [360 GREAT SHEARWATER. On July 15th, while out in a boat off St. Ives, two were seen sitting on the water and feeding. As our boat came nearer they flew up and we were able to see the white patch at the base of the tail, the underparts were generally white, while they were brown above. The legs and feet were a sort of fawn. It was definitely larger than a Manx or Sooty. B.S.-S.] 368 FULMAR. Though not less numerous than of recent years, did not (as far as I could see) breed at all—certainly not in any of the three sites known to me, around Tintagel. C.H.B. On January 2nd, numbers present at nesting sites in E. Portreath. They did well at most sites, but numbers much reduced at original Godrevy site. R.H.B. August 1st. Stem Cove, one young bird. Beacon Cove, three young birds. Bedruthan, 22 young birds—a record number. F.R.S., A.V.S. June 15th. Two new young at Pendarvis Head, near Newquay. No evidence of breeding at the Dodman colony. C.J.S. 371 RED-NECKED GREBE. November 7th. On Tamar Lake one was extremely tame and was watched by various observers within ten yards. The very dark crown was not clearly defined and extended to eye level. The neck was greyer and thicker than that of the Great Crested Grebe. The bill was almost entirely yellow and quite brilliant in sunlight. It stayed twenty days. F.E.C. 18 Cornish Notes 373 SLAVONIAN GREBE. January 30th. One on Carnsew, five between Carbis Bay and St. Ives. G.P. February 6th. One on Carnsew (also seen by M.J.J.). Four stayed in St. Ives Bay till nearly April, when summer plumage was nearly complete. N.R.P. April 4th. At Carnsew Pool, one in breeding plumage. J.E.B., M.J.J. December 30th. On St. John's Lake. D.J.M.

,575 LITTLE GREBE. A nest in a disused clay pit near Par had one egg on May 5th. Another at Helman Tor had five eggs on May 14th. C.J.S.

379 RED-THROATED DIVER. February 6th. Two on the Camel. H.P.O.C. March 10th and 13th. One on Hayle Estuary. J.E.B., M.J.J. March 12th. One on Longrock Pool, one on the sea. J.E.B. March 16th. Three at Loe Pool. J.E.B. March 31st. One offshore at Penzance. It had a long struggle with an outsized crab which was eventually swallowed. R.H.B. April 8th. One, offshore at Penzance. L.B.L. December 4th. One off Mevagissey. H.M.Q. December 30th. One in Mount's Bay. R.M.C. 381 STOCK-DOVE. April 19th. One at Penrose. July 2nd. Two, between St. Erth and Marazion. J.E.B.

387 BLACK-TAILED GODWIT. On the Tamar Estuary. Maximum numbers in spring: March, 117. D.J.M., P.J.M. April, 21. E.M.W. Maximum numbers in autumn: July, 5; August, 11; September, 100; November, 123; December, 61. R.M.C., P.J.D., A.B.P., E.M.W. 389 WHIMBREL. February 10th. One at Hayle Estuary. It was silent, but I identified it by its small size (compared with Curlew), shorter bill and boldly striped crown. J.E.B. 19 Cornish Notes

400 GREY PHALAROPE. September 13th. Three off St. Ives, strong N. gale. September 21st, three; September 26th, one; October 23rd, one; December 23rd, two. G.P. September 14th. One on Coppcrhouse Pool, Hayle. R.H. & M.J.M. On December 18th, near Smeaton's Pier, St. Ives, two were seen very close inshore and were identified principally by the very pale appearance, lacking contrast between the pale grey and off-white shades as well as the non-black bills. When one flew the lack of contrast between the whitish wing-bar and the pale grey wing was noticeable. A.G.P. 401 RED-NECKED PHALAROPE. On December 18th, whilst Mr. M. Ellis and I were watching the two Grey Phalaropes, a third flew in and settled close to them, but did not actually consort with them. I was immediately suspicious of this bird's precise identity by reason of its almost pied appearance on the wing, and the noticeably more heavy black head markings when it settled. Its bill was black. Another visit two days later enabled me to see the taper of the bill and thereby confirm the identity. A.G.P. I saw this bird with the two Greys on several occasions and was able to get close views of both through the telescope at the same time. The Grey struck me as being a much broader bird than the Red-necked, when settled on the water. N.R.P. 402 TURNSTONE. A bird was seen walking along a concrete sea-wall near Mousehole at high tide, tipping stray pebbles over the edge and watching the splash as they hit the sea, If a stone was too far from the edge to be tipped in with the first flick of the bill, the bird continued to flick at it until it dropped into the sea. M.J.C. 406 CURLEW SANDPIPER. Hayle area. July 23rd. Three in summer plumage. N.R.P. August 20th. One. R.H. & M.J.M. From September 6th to October 9th, from one to three seen by A.G.P., G.P., N.R.P., A.V.S., F.R.S. On September 26th, seven were seen by M.J.J. Devoran. August 23rd. Six. R.H. & M.J.M. Daymer Bay. May 15th. A party of six. A.H.J., D.B.J. 407 LITTLE STINT. August 16th to 20th. At Crowan Reservoir, up to two birds. J.E.B. Not seen until October at Hayle. A.G.P. 20 Cornish Notes 409 TEMMINCK'S STINT. On March 14th, at Marazion Marsh, one was seen. It flew from behind bush (only a few inches above the ground) and, after alighting, began to feed. It had a grey breast; no trace of reddish-brown on any part of it. The outer tail feathers were white. The bill was a deep brown (rather like a chestnut), and the legs were greenish. The underparts were white, or a very very pale grey. It was, I think, aware of us but as there were two horses near and some cattle probably thought we were of the same species. When it finally flew away (after about 10 minutes) we noticed that it flew in a fluttery way. We had James Fisher's " Bird Recognition " with us which was helpful. A Robin on the bush, and the Wagtails were useful too for comparing size. B.S.-S. 411 AMERICAN PECTORAL SANDPIPER. From September 15th to September 24th, two Pectoral Sandpipers were seen in company with six Dunlin and one Ringed Plover at the Tamar Lake. It was possible to approach this little group of waders on several occasions to within a few yards. When first seen, the hunched-up attitude of the Pectoral Sandpipers closely resembled the Dunlin with whom they fed at the water's edge. Though only slightly larger, their legs were certainly longer than the Dunlins' and, in the light of the evening sun, a bright yellow. (On subsequent occasions when the light was poor, the legs appeared a pale yellow.) The bills of both birds were thicker than those of the Dunlin, blackish-brown in colour, paler towards the base and definitely de-curved at the tip. Crown dark-brown and a palish-buff eye-stripe, which in the larger of the birds almost met at the nape, giving the effect of a dark cap to the crown. The breast was closely streaked with a clear line of demarcation against the pure white underparts, thus forming a pectoral band. The boldly patterned mantle was very similar to a Ruff, and in flight a heavy black line from back to tail was conspicuous. On the wing at close range I clearly saw the longer central tail-feathers and the faint buffish wing-stripe; the delicate pattern of two inverted V's on the back reminded me of the Little Stint. The clear though slightly gutteral note of ' trr-rrp' was uttered as one or two syllables. A characteristic feature of the Pectoral Sandpipers was the neck-stretching attitude, when the entire aspect of the birds changed instantly from ' dumpy Dunlins ' to streamlined, though diminutive, Reeves. Both were juvenile and probably male and female judging from disparity in size. Twice they were seen to roost together side by side in a tuft of grass near the edge of the lake. When alarmed, they frequently ran for cover—tufts of dead sedge here and there on the mud. F.E.C. During their stay of nine days they were seen also by S.V.B., A.H.J., D.B.J., and T.J.W. 21

r Cornish Notes V

414 BONAPARTE* S SANDPIPER. On October 17th I identified a bird of this species on the edge of a pond on Par Beach. It was so tame that I watched it from about six feet, and Mrs. Clayden and I both photo­ graphed it with, however, no success. The bird was like a small Dunlin, the bill being noticeably shorter and blackish in colour. Legs and feet were almost black and breast streaked and spotted greyish; sides of flanks streaked more heavily; rest of underparts white. The upper- parts were greyish-brown, the feathers of the back having dark centres and light edges. The white eye-stripe was noticeable, and the white upper tail coverts most marked when it flew short distances, or when it preened, contrasting with the brown distal band on the tail. Except that the bird was greyer—thus in winter plumage—it was identical with Plate 75 in Vol. Ill of Coward's " Birds of the British Isles." The bird was extremely tame and I approached to within six feet. It fed by probing in the water with its bill, standing in water up to its body when doing so. Twice when flushed it uttered a short, sharp " peep." This makes the fourth bird recorded for Cornwall and there are two recorded for Scilly. None have been recorded since 1870 and all records are for the month of October, presumably when the species is en route to South America from its breed­ ing grounds in the North Nearctic region. C.J.S. [A bird of this species was trapped and ringed at Wisbech Sewage Farm, in November.—Eds.]

415 PURPLE SANDPIPER. December 26th. Five at St. Ives, the first seen in the area for three years. N.R.P. 417 RUFF. Marazion Marsh. April 15th. Three. L.B.L. April 18th. One. J.E.B., R.H.B., A.G.P. April 24th. One. N.R.P. Hayle area. April 14th and 15th. One. L.B.L., N.R.P. April 20th. Two. August 1st. One Reeve in summer plumage. August 31st. One Ruff, two Reeves. September 1st and 2nd. One Ruff. September 4th. Pair. N.R.P. Crowan Reservoirs. August 26th to September 3rd. One Ruff, one or two Reeves. J.E.B. Gannel. September 17th. One. A.V.S., F.R.S. 22 Cornish Notes Camel Estuary. April 24th. One. R.M.F. September 16th. One. A.V.S., F.R.S.

Tamar Lake. April 22nd. One male, complete with black head and ruff; the first I have seen in such an advanced state of breeding plumage outside breeding grounds. August 22nd. One adult male, one juvenile. October 11th. One adult male. F.E.C.

421 COMMON SANDPIPER. One seen in the Camel Estuary on November 16th and on February 15th. R.M.F.

423 WOOD SANDPIPER. Marazion Marsh. April 13th and 18th. One. J.E.B., R.H.B., A.G.P. Hayle area. August 30th to September 19th. One. N.R.P., A.V.S., F.R.S.

Loe Pool. August 20th. One A.G.P.

Crowan Reservoir. August 3rd to 8th. One.

August 9th to 11th. A different one. J.E.B.

Dozniary Pool. August 28th. One. A.G.P. September 13th. One. A.V.S., F.R.S. Tamar Lake. August 22nd. One. August 23rd. Two. F.E.C. 424 GREEN SANDPIPER. August 13th. One at Trengwainton—unusual there. E.H.W.B. December 28th. On the Lynher, five. D.J.M.

427 GREATER YELLOWSHANK. On the 11th October, on Tamar Lake, I saw a wader about the size of a Greenshank, but with long vivid-yellow legs, stand­ ing in a pool of water surrounded by soft mud, preening. The light was ideal and for over an hour my friend and I had an excellent opportunity of observing this unusual wader in detail. 23 Cornish Notes My first impression was that the bird, in spite of its size, must be a Lesser Yellowshank, and, still retaining a clear picture of that species I had seen on the Camel Estuary with Mr. T. J. Willcocks months earlier, I began to make notes for comparison. It was soon evident that several well-remembered features of the Lesser Yellowshank did not correspond with the bird preening in the shallow pool now before me. The most important and quite obvious feature was the bill, which was stoutish at the base and definitely, though only slightly, upturned. It tapered rather more finely toward the tip than the bill of a Greenshank. I clearly recalled the straight and slender bill of the Lesser Yellowshank and noted this point as an important contrast. I was also struck by the more robust appearance and larger size of this bird as compared to the slender and fragile- looking Lesser Yellowshank which was actually a little smaller than a Redshank. The greyish mantle had a brownish tinge and was freely flecked with white and similar to the pattern of the Lesser Yellowshank. The whitish eye-stripe was definite though not conspicuous; underparts and front of neck were white (pure white). When feeding, there was no probing in the mud but a dainty snatching from the surface of the water with frequent swift dipping movements, similar to those of a Greenshank. Often its long yellow legs were submerged as the bird waded into deep water. There were yet two important features needed to convince me that the rare wader I was fortunate enough to have spotted was in fact the Greater Yellowshank, so I moved out from my place of concealment under a scrub-willow and put the bird up. This, perhaps, was the most thrilling moment of my encounter with this celebrity; with full-throated Greenshank-like calls of two, three and four syllables it flew round and round noisily and literally rent the air with strident, vigorous cries of ' tu-ee,' ' tu-ee ' which terminated with its descent and a musical yodell­ ing of ' ku-lee ' ' ku-lee ' ' ku-loo.' This was most delightful and unexpected. In flight the wings were dark and broad at the base, giving what I described in my diary as an ' umbrella effect;' the ' jizz ' of the bird was stockier than that of a Greenshank and the general impression I got was one of superb strength and control and of deliberate movement without apparent effort. On the wing, with neck outstretched and long legs extended well beyond the tail, the white rump and base of tail were exposed and, in contrast to the Greenshank, there was no white wedge continuing up the middle of the back. There are two especial features which convince me that my identification is correct: (1) The stoutish upturned bill. (2) The vigorous strident calls together with the impression of a much stronger personality than that of the Lesser Yellow­ shank. It was unfortunate that, in response to my request, when T.J.W. visited the lake the following day, the Greater Yellowshank could not be found, neither was it seen subsequently. F.E.C. 24 Cornish Notes

431 SPOTTED REDSHANK. February 17th. At Anthony, one. H.G.H. Between August 18th and October 16th, one bird was seen on various occasions at Hayle, Lelant and St. Ives. On October 16th, two were seen. M.J.J., R.H. & M.J.M., N.R.P., A.V.S., F.R.S. August 29th. On the Camel, six were seen Stafford. September 7th. At Crowan Reservoirs, one. J.E.B. September 16th. On the River Camel, one. A.V.S., F.R.S. December 4th. One flew past St. Ives Island. G.P. A wintering bird was located for the fourth year in succession at the same place during January. A.G.P.

432 GREENSHANK. A heavy passage this year. Last seen at St. Ives Reservoir on October 12th. N.R.P. December 4th. One at Carnsew Pool. M.J.J.

440 GOLDEN PLOVER. February 23rd. About 100 on Marazion Sands, very unusual there. T.B.J.

444 GREY PLOVER. December 31st. A party of at least 24 near Daymer Bay. M.A.W.

451 AVOCET. On the Tamar Estuary. Between January and March, from 2 to 25. R.M.C., P.J.D., M.J.M., F.R.S., E.M.W. November and December. Up to 27. D.J.M., P.J.M., A.B.P., F.R.S., E.M.W.

462 BLACK TERN. September 1st to 4th. One off St. Ives Harbour. N.R.P. September 16th. River Camel, one. September 17th. Porthkidney, two. A.V.S., F.R.S. 467 SANDWICH TERN. September 17th. About 100 passed West along Lelant beach. N.R.P. 468 ROSEATE TERN. One adult seen during the latter half of July at Porthkidney Beach, Lelant. R.H.B., M.J.J., A.G.P. 477 LITTLE GULL. May 5th. Hayle Estuary. One juvenile hawking over the water. Still present May 7th. N.R.P. 25 Cornish Notes September 2nd to 9th. One adult in winter plumage at Constantine Bay. H.C., M.R.K.

478 BLACK-HEADED GULL. December 7th. One, near Penzance, with complete hood. H.M.Q. 482 HERRING GULL. At Portloe, very few Herring Gulls have reared young this year. A farmer I know told me that he saw a fox picking its way along the cliff, eating the young Gulls out of their nests. D.C. A pair bred on the roof of the Weslyan Chapel, St. Ives, and reared one young. It did not leave the nest till early September. N.R.P. Mr. D. Borlase told me that about 20 pairs nested (eggs and young were seen) in the disused clay pit at Stenalees. (See earlier Reports.) A pair at Polruan nested in a wallflower bed in a garden on the sea cliffs. C.J.S.

484 SCANDINAVIAN LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL. January 30th. A few on Loe Bar. J.E.B. November 6th. One at Mawgan Porth. It was standing by a Great Black-backed Gull, and the wings were as black as the larger bird's. The light was good and I had 8 x 30 glasses. R.M.F. 485 BRITISH LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL. January 14th. At Hayle Estuary, one. J.E.B. A single bird has been seen for several successive winters in the Hayle area. R.H.B. 487 GLAUCOUS GULL. May 3rd. One in Newlyn Harbour. R.H.B., G.H.H. 488 ICELAND GULL. October 23rd. While watching migrant seabirds, we saw a pale bird approaching. The first impression was of a Tern, but as it came level it was recognised as being an Iceland Gull, in juvenile (probably second winter) plumage. The long graceful wings were noticed, and a steady but bouyant flight. The bird then settled on the water just in front of us, enabling us to see the long pale primaries reaching well beyond the tail, and that it was a more graceful bird than the Glaucous Gull which we have seen before. The bird flew off in a Westerly direction occasionally swooping to pick something off the sea. N.R.P., G.P. 489 KITTIWAKE. February 3rd and 7th. Two in Newquay Harbour. February 23rd. One at St. Eval Camp. R.M.F. 26 Cornish Notes

A very good year at Carn Les Boel and subsidiary colonies. On July 6th, 80 nests and over 40 young were seen. R.H.B.

491 GREAT SKUA. September 11th. Off Talland Bay, one seen harrying Gannets. L.P.A. August 27th. Two at Hayle River. September 26th. One off St. Ives. G.P. 492 POMATORHINE SKUA. September 11th. One close in at St. Ives, one could see the twisted tail. N.R.P. 493 ARCTIC SKUA. August 27th. Three at Hayle River. August 31st. One off St. Ives. September 26th. One off St. Ives. October 6th. Three off St. Ives. G.P. August 28th and September 11th. On off St. Ives. N.R.P. September 11th. Off Talland Bay, two immatures passing West. L.P.A. 499 GUILLEMOT. These were more numerous at and around Lye Rock, off Tintagei, than I have ever seen them, easily outnumbering the Razorbills; it is usually the other way round. C.H.B.

502 LITTLE AUK. October 20th. One was found in a garden at Trevone in winter plumage; it died an hour after being picked up. G.W. February 12th. An oiled bird was brought to me, and I took it to Mousehole Bird Hospital. It was a lovely little thing, with white " eye-lashes." It died after three days. M.J.J.

520 QUAIL. On July 17th one heard calling at Tregorden. A.G.P., T.J.W.

RINGING RECOVERY

Shag (pullet). Ring No. 514.517 and colour ringed. Ringed: Lundy, 10.7.55. Recovered alive and released at Bedruthan Steps, 25.9.55. A.T.B.

27 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF CORNISH-BREEDING MIGRANTS

First Noted at On By Last Noted at On By 88 Brit. Yellow Wagtail. Par 21.3.55 C.J.S. Crowan 29.8.55 J.E.B. Marazion 13.4.55 J.E.B. Par 31.8.55 C.J.S. Tamar Lake 10.9.55 F.E.C. 121 Spotted Flycatcher. St. Mawgan 14.5.55 R.M.F. 129 Chiffchaff. Marazion 14.3.55 B.S-S. Holsworthy 29.9.55 E.M.P. Holsworthy 25.3.55 E.M.P. Bude 25.3.55 F.E.C. 132 Willow Warbler. Lelant 1.4.55 M.J.J. Mawgan Forth 10.4.55 A.V.S. Par 11.4.55 C.J.S. St. Erth 13.4.55 J.E.B. 135 Wood Warbler. Mawgan Porth 30.3.55 A.V.S. 145 Grasshopper Warbler. Mawgan Porth 10.4.55 A.V.S. F.R.S. 153 Sedge Warbler. Mawgan Porth 19.4.55 A.V.S. Par 19.9.55 C.J.S. Perranwell 22.4.55 M.P.V. Par 22.4.55 C.J.S. 161 Garden Warbler. Trelassick 14.5.55 R.H. & M.J.M. 162 Blackcap. Menabilly 11.4.55 C.J.S. Penrose 19.4.55 J.E.B. 163 Whitethroat. Crinnis Cliffs 13.4.55 C.J.S. Penrose 19.4.55 J.E.B. St. Eval 23.4.55 R.M.F. 186 Wheatear. Bedruthan Spit Cliffs 19.9.55 C.J.S. Steps 19.3.55 R.M.F. Bedruthan 23.9.55 R.M.F. Rock 21.3.55 E.A.R.B. Gwithian 21.3.55 J.E.B. 197 Whinchat. Goss Moor 9.5.55 C.J.S. Par Beach 5.9.55 C.J.S. 220 Swallow. Perranwell 23.3.55 M.P.V. Penzance 18.11.55 J.L.P. Tamar Lake 27.3.55 F.E.C. Lelant 20.11.55 M.J.J. Mawgan Porth 27.3.55 A.V.S. & F.R.S. Mawgan Porth 29.3.55 R.M.F. Marazion 31.3.55 R.H.B. 222 House Martin. Ryan's Field 5.4.55 N.R.P. St. Ives 2.11.55 N.R.P. Marazion 5.4.55 M.J.J.

28 First Noted at On By Last Noted at On By 223 Sand Martin. Tamar Lake 27.3.55 F.E.C. Par 7.8.55 C.J.S. Perranwell 27.3.55 M.P.V. Gwithian Pool 27.3.55 R.H.B. Mawga.i Forth 27.3.55 A.V.S. & F.R.S. Far 30.3.55 C.J.S. Marazion 31.3.55 R.H.B. 225 Swift, Rock 2.5.55 E.A.R.B. Falmouth 9.8.55 R.H. & Camborne 3.5.55 R.H.B. M.J.M. Rvan's Field 3.5.55 N.R.P. Allet 12.8.55 G.A. Allet 4.5.55 G.A. 227 Nightjar. C rowan 11.5.55 J.E.B. Allet 15.6.55 G.A. 240 Cuckoo. Hayle 14.4.55- R.H.B. Crowan 14.4.55 J.E.B. Allet 19.4.55 G.A. Par 26.4.55 C.J.S. 28 Turtledove. Roskrow 10.5.55 R.H. & Hayle 4.9.55 N.R.P. M.J.M. St. Mawgan 14.5.55 F.R.S. 504 Corncrake. Mawgan Porth 10.4.55 A.V.S.

29 THE WALMSLEY SANCTUARY AND CAMEL ESTUARY

By T. J. WILLCOCKS

Waders seen in the neighbourhood of Trewornan, period August 24th to September 1st. Maximum seen in flock or at one time:

Bar-tailed Godwit. A few. Black-tailed Godwit. Five. Curlew. Many scores. Whimbrel. A few. Dunlin. Some scores. Ruff. Two of different sizes. Knot. Over ten. Common Sandpiper. Three. Green Sandpiper. Three. Redshank. About a score. Spotted Redshank. Two. Greenshank. Fifteen. Ringed Plover. Some scores. Grey Plover. One in breeding plumage. Oyster-catcher. Some scores. Wood-Sandpiper. One, which stayed on after other Sandpipers left, very tame and unconcerned in Trevilling Lagoon.

Other visitors later on included:

October 16th. First three Fieldfares. October 21st. First Jack Snipe. October 29th. Snow Bunting — one on rocks under Tre­ wornan cliff. November 22nd. The first seven Whitefronts came into the Sanctuary. These were evidently a family party of two adults and their brood. Later in the winter, when the total of White-fronted Geese reached well over 100, these seven could be picked out flying together—a part of the com­ munity, but still conscious of their family relationship.

30 THE CORNISH SEAS, 1954

70 SKYLARK. October 29th. Five seen from R.M.S. " Scillonian" about one mile south of land. H.G.H.

351 LEACH'S PETREL. October 16th. During passage to the Scilly Isles, one was seen close to the Relief Ship "St. Aidan " when in the vicinity of the Wolf Rock. A.G.P. October 18th. During return passage to Penzance two birds were seen separately. A.G.P.

356 BALEARIC SHEARWATER. September 1st. On seen from R.M.S. " Scillonian." B.K. September 11th. One seen from " Scillonian." B.K., A.G.P.

360 GREAT SHEARWATER. August 24th. On seen about 7 miles east of Scilly. P.H.T.H. September 11th, One seen from " Scillonian." B.K., A.G.P. October 2nd. One seen from " Scillonian." A.G.P. October 16th. Several seen from " St. Aidan" whilst on passage to the Scilly Isles. A.G.P. October 18th. Several seen from " St. Aidan" on return passage to Penzance. A.G.P. October 23rd. A party seen from " Scillonian." L.H.

363 SOOTY SHEARWATER. October 2nd. One seen from " Scillonian," was moving S.W. A.G.P. October 16th. Two were seen with Manx Shearwaters off Mousehole, from " Scillonian." Two further birds gave good views off Gwennap head. A.G.P.

401 RED-NECKED PHALAROPE. October 4th. Two were seen separately near the Runnel- stone Buoy; both flew and showed a marked pied effect when on the wing. A.G.P. 474 SABINE'S GULL. September 1st. An adult was seen near the Wolf Rock, from " Scillonian." It maintained a level of about 15 feet above the sea, appearing small and rather Tern-like; the white triangular patch on the wings was well seen. It disappeared on a southerly course. B.K.

491 GREAT SKUA. October 2nd. One seen from " Scillonian," off Newlyn, was harrying a Gannet, an unusual victim in these waters as far as my experience goes. A.G.P. 31 Cornish Seas October 18th. Several were seen during the return journey to Penzance, from the time we cleared the Scilly Isles until we were again under cover of land. There appeared to be an unusually large number about. One was atypical in that it had very conspicuous double wing patches. A.G.P.

493 ARCTIC SKUA. October 26th. One seen from " Scillonian." H.G.H.

$ $ $ $ $

THE CORNISH SEAS, 1955

3 CARRION CROW. October 19th. Whilst to seaward of the Longships, in T.H.V. " Satellite," I was surprised to see a single bird flying from the open sea to westwards towards Lands End. A.G.P.

76 MEADOW PIPIT. This is by far the commonest passerine met with by me over the open sea between Lands End and the Scilly Isles. A.G.P. October 2nd. Small parties were seen moving South over the sea during the entire crossing to the Scilly Isles. A.G.P.

356 BALEARIC SHEARWATER. September 23rd. Four brown Shearwaters were seen from a motor boat between Mousehole and Lamorna. I had just previously met typical Manx Shearwaters. The four birds were darker above than below and lacked any capped appearance, white rump, or light centre wing stripe. They were of the shape and size of the Manx Shearwaters. M.J.C. October 19th. Between Lamorna and Mousehole, thirteen were seen from T.H.V. " Satellite " as they moved out of the Bay in twos and threes. They were the only Shearwaters seen by me that day, both on the outward run to the Seven Stones Light Vessel and when returning to Penzance Harbour. A.G.P.

362 CORY'S SHEARWATER. October 3rd. A party of five was seen, near Porthgwarra, from " Scillonian." A.G.P. 400 GREY PHALAROPE. October 19th. Two were seen from 11 Satellite," when pro­ ceeding towards the Seven Stones. A.G.P. 493 ARCTIC SKUA. May 17th. One seen from " Scillonian " near the Wolf Rock. A.G.P. 32 THE ISLES OF SCILLY

The Spring and Autumn migrations (as seen from St. Agnes) were very quiet as regards the ordinary species which usually pass through the Island. Perhaps, in view of fine weather conditions, these birds did not stop at all this year; at any rate, few were seen. On the other hand, unusual visitors were noted in unusual numbers. In the Spring, in the course of one week a Little Bittern, Woodchat Shrike, Tawny Pipit and Little Egret were seen, and in the Autumn a Lesser Grey Shrike and two American Nighthawks were seen on the same day. A singingNightingale was present for some days in the Spring, on St. Agnes, and, on Tresco, there were Bee-eaters and a Night Heron. Terns had a poor season. Although little groups of nests were found in a number of new and scattered sites, the usual large colonies in well-known sites were absent, and other, smaller ones came to grief before the young were fledged. The following have contributed to these notes:— Members: Capt. C. H. Bailhache, Mrs. E. Dorrien Smith, Miss D. Gould, Mrs. A. Hicks, P. Z. MacKenzie and Miss Quick. Non-Members: Mrs. Butcher, D. Charles-Edwards, Mrs. Cook, Mr. and Mrs. Durrell, E. W. Flaxman, Mr. and Mrs. Leon, Mr. and Mrs. Sargent, R. Symons and Miss Wood. 5 JACKDAW. November 12th. A flock of about 80 came and circled St. Agnes for an hour or two. I have never seen them before in five years. H.M.Q.

17 GOLDEN ORIOLE. April 14th. On St. Mary's, one male. Miss Wood, W. Cook. April 18th. On Tresco, one male. April 20th. St. Martin's, one male. D.C.E.

21 SISKIN. December 1st. Two feeding on St. Agnes. D.G. November 4th, Some on St. Mary's. P.Z.M. 59 SNOW BUNTING. September 16th. One male on the shore, St. Agnes. Up to five were about the area until November 4th, when last seen. H.M.Q. October 9th. One seen on St. Mary's. C.H.B.

74 TAWNY PIPIT. On May 9th, on the Gugh (St. Agnes), I saw what at first appeared to be a very pale Thrush. A closer approach showed the bird to be a Pipit, plain yellowish grey above, and with unstreaked creamy underparts. I also saw a white superciliary stripe. The bird ran about at great speed, and finally flew and was no more seen. H.M.Q. 33 Scilly Isles 84 BLUE HEADED WAGTAIL. May 19th. One male on the meadow, St. Agnes. H.M.Q.

89 GREY WAGTAIL. On January 4th, we observed on the shore of Tresco, a bird of this species with an entirely white tail, apparently of extreme length. W. & M.L., G. J.D.

113 LESSER GREY SHRIKE. At about 6 p.m. on September 28th, at St. Agnes, a bird about the size of a Skylark was seen perched on a post. Obviously a Shrike, it sat more erect than the Red-backed Shrike. It was under observation, at distances down to 25 yards, for about half-an-hour, with x8 binoculars and x40 telescope. It perched on posts, bramble sprays, and branches of tamarisk, and was twice see by R.H.B. to drop from its perch with a momentary hover to pick up small unidentified prey from the long grass and return to the post. The head was grey, with a wide black band extending from the beak to well behind the eye. It had a conspicuous white chin, contrasting with the very pale buff underparts. The back was pale grey, darker in the middle and lighter again at the rump. The tail appeared black at rest, but when it dropped to the ground the outer feathers were seen to be white, forming two white bars with a black centre. The wings were a very dark brown—black to the naked eye—with a brilliant white patch in the middle of the primaries. A narrow faint white bar was seen in the scapulars with the telescope. In flight, the white wing patches gave a conspicuously pied effect. The wind was N.E. on the 27th, but changed during the night to N.W. and later to westerly and almost flat calm. The bird was not seen after the 28th. R.H.B., H.M.Q. [The Lesser Grey Shrike (which has only occurred 18 times in England) has been reported once before from the Islands, one having been shot on St. Mary's in November, 1851, just over a hundred years ago.—Eds.]

116 WOODCHAT SHRIKE. April 13th. One seen on Tresco. E.W.F. [Details provided and acceptable.—Eds.] May 8th. St. Agnes. Mr. Lewis Hicks described to me, in detail, a bird which was evidently an adult of this species. H.M.Q. [On May 8th, 1953, a bird was seen in this same place. See 23rd Annual Report.—Eds.]

162 BLACKCAP. On October 9th, a male with only half a cap was seen in St. Agnes. An exactly similar bird was seen on October 12th, 1952, and October 19th, 1951. H.M.Q.

34 Scilly Isles

182 RING OUZEL. April 26th. St. Agnes, one male. H.M.Q.

203 NIGHTINGALE. April 16th. St. Agnes. A Nightingale's song was heard in the early morning by D.G. who is familiar with them in her home and did not realise that they were rare here. On April 17th, I saw a brown bird, with a russet tail, that I believe to have been a Nightingale, and on April 20th clearly heard the song, after the cessation of the dawn chorus. It was not heard again after April 21st. H.M.Q.

230 AMERICAN NIGHTHAWK. On September 28th, at about 7.15 p.m. (B.S.T.) we were asked by Mrs. Lewis Hicks to come and see two Nightjar-like birds that were flying round the Lighthouse and Parsonage trees on St. Agnes. The birds were about the same size as Nightjars (Caprimulgus Europaeus), with the characteristic Nightjar flight, with wings raised in a V, but much more rapid and dashing. Light was still adequate, and we could all see clearly the long, pointed wings, with large white patches on both upper and under sides, and the forked tail. They wheeled both below and above us as we stood on the slope of the hill, and frequently passed within ten yards. The wings and upper parts looked a very dark brown, almost black, and the under parts lighter, with some chestnut colour showing on one of the birds. It is thought that they were a female and a juvenile. On following nights, until October 5th, only one bird, the juvenile, was seen. It appeared very accurately on time (7 p.m. B.S.T. and 6 p.m. G.M.T.) regardless of the state of the light, and was watched for about half an hour, after which it apparently ceased its flights, for it would still have been visible against the sky. After three days it changed its beat from the trees on the hill to a freshwater pool and grassland by the shore. It often hawked at ground level, taking no notice of human observers, and skimming past sometimes within arms' reach. On one sunny evening its first appearance was in good daylight, and it was possible to see more of its markings than ever before. The bird moved too fast for detailed " marblings " to be seen, but the broad outline of the pattern was: Primaries black, with a brilliant white patch halfway between the carpal joint and the tip; across the shoulders and back, a pale warm buff V-shaped patch (like the pattern on a Tarrock Kittiwake), contrasting sharply with the black edges of the wings, and the tail—the whole effect being extraordinarily brilliant. The head was dark, in abrupt contrast to the pale underside of the body, which was barred with greenish grey; the underside of the wings also appeared pale, except for the black and white primaries. No white chin patch could be seen. The Handbook gives no suggestion of the speed, beauty and grace of the Nighthawk's flight, which (except when the wings were in the V position) recalled to one observer that of the Alpine Swift. We were impressed with this flight as being an 35 Scilly Isles aid to recognition in the dusk. When hawking over the pool, the flight was more like that of a Swallow, dipping to the water, and skimming the rushes and ground. During high flights its tail was constantly fanned. The wind on September 27th, the night before its first appearance, was N.E., but changed to N.W. and later to W., with mild weather, in the course of the following day. During the rest of the time the weather remained mainly fine, with some light rain, and wind between W. and N. light to moderate. On October 5th, there was a strong N.W. wind, increasing to near gale, and some heavy rain. On that evening the Night- hawk was not seen, nor has been since. R.H.B., H.M.Q. [Only one American Nighthawk has been reported prev­ iously from Europe, and this was from Tresco on September 17th, 1927.—Eds.] 231 BEE-EATER. May 18th. Four in Tresco gardens for two days. E.D.S. 232 HOOPOE. March 27th. One arrived on St. Agnes. H.M.Q. April 17th. One on Gugh. H.M.Q. 292 LITTLE EGRET. On May 13th, I saw a white, Heron-like bird flying overhead, approaching from the South. It alighted on the Pool, St. Agnes, and immediately had a nap. It afterwards fed and flew from place to place, showing the yellow feet and the black legs. When it approached the beach it was mobbed and driven away by Gulls. H.M.Q. June 1st and 2nd. One seen on St. Mary's. Mrs. Butcher. May 15th. One on Porthellick Bay, feeding around the rocks. Mr. & Mrs. R. Sargeant. May 15th and 22nd. St. Mary's. R. Symons. 295 NIGHT HERON. April 24th. Seen on St. Mary's by Mr. & Mrs. Hayes. Later on Tresco where it was seen until 28th. It was a young male, we all saw it very close. E.D.S. Presumably the same bird was seen " on and off for a month " on St. Mary's, by R. Symons. 296 LITTLE BITTERN. On May 7th, I was informed by Francis Hicks that a very strange bird was by the Pool, on St. Agnes. On stalking it we found, in the rank grass, a male Little Bittern, which remained " frozen " while we approached to within about 12 yards, when it suddenly un-froze and proceeded to feed in the manner of a Heron, with stealthy approach and sudden darts at the prey. Closer approach caused it fly short distances, giving good views of the conspicuous buff wing-patches. It was not seen after that day. H.M.Q. 36 Scilly Isles 315 SHELDUCK. January 15th. St. Agnes Pool, one, for one day. H.M.Q.

330 TUFTED DUCK. January 1st. St. Agnes Pool. One drake, for one day only. H.M.Q. 351 LEACH'S FORK-TAILED PETREL. December 22nd. The corpse of a bird, brought in by his cat, was sent me for identification by Mr. C. W. Anderson, of St. Mary's, and proved to be of this species. H.M.Q.

368 FULMAR. Bryher. July 5th. Two pairs, each with egg. July 21st. Two chicks, about a week old.

383 TURTLE DOVE. May 28th. A party of 30 or more, on St. Agnes. H.M.Q.

400 GREY PHALAROPE. November 3rd. Two in Tresco Channel. P.Z.M.

402 TURNSTONE. The following appearances of what is probably the same individual have been recorded on the same beach for three years: 1953 May 17th, a pure white bird—stayed a week. August 13th, a white bird with pale grey head and shoulders, only seen once. 1954 May 14th, a pure white bird, stayed for ten days. August 11th, a white bird with a few dark splotches, seen for one day only. 1955 May 19th, a pure white bird, stayed ten days. July 25th, a white bird with grey head and bib and heavily blotched with dark marks on shoulders, seen once only. I suppose that the bird, on its return journey, is moulting into winter plumage. H.M.Q.

468 ROSEATE TERN. Six or seven pairs were observed distributed among different islands. Not all were successful in breeding, but some young were seen. H.M.Q.

469 COMMON TERN. First seen, April 23rd. It was not a good season for Terns. There was no colony on Annet, nor on Hangman's or W. Merrick Islands nor Tean, and very few birds on Green Isle. Some scattered small colonies were successful, including a group of 4 pairs on the top of the moor above Charles Castle, on Tresco. On the high 37 Scilly Isles moor at the north end of St. Mai tin's, four birds reacted violently to our approach on August 16th, and an egg was found, with a swearing bird constantly hovering above it, as if incubation were still in progress. H.M.Q. 489 KITTIWAKE. The Gorregan colony much as usual, the one on Men-a-vawr seemed greatly increased. H.M.Q. 520 QUAIL. June 17th. .At Penold Farm, St. Mary's, one. P.Z.M.

ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF MIGRANTS IN THE ISLES OF SCILLY, 1955

First noted Last noted 88 Yellow Wagtail Not seen 84 Blue-headed Wagtail May 19th. Not seen 121 Spotted Flycatcher May 11th. 129 Chiffchaff Winters September 21st. 132 Willow Warbler April 12th. 153 Sedge Warbler April 20th. August 6th. 162 Blackcap Not seen 163 Whitethroat April 14th. October 9th. 186 Wheatear March 21st. October 1st. 197 Whinchat September 27th. 220 Swallow March 27th. November 12th. 222 House Martin April 29th. October 29th. 223 Sand Martin March 27th. 225 Swift May 7th. 227 Nightjar Not seen 240 Cuckoo April 14th. 383 Turtle Dove April 23rd. September 28th. 504 Corncrake May 15th. 485 Lesser Black-backed Gull February 22nd. (All records by H.M.Q.)

38 THE COMMON BUZZARD AND ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS

The purpose of this article is not only to give some account to Members of the status of the Buzzard in Cornwall during 1955, but also to leave on record the situation prior to 1955; and to deal with some points which have arisen in connection with the rapid decrease of the Rabbit population following the introduction of Myxomatosis into the County in April, 1954. Between the summer of 1948, when I started observations in Cornwall, and the summer of 1954 I had found some evidence of increase in the Buzzard population, but it was not in proportion to the number of young which reached the free-flying stage; nor did the breeding stock in 1954 show any increase on that for 1953, in spite of the exceptionally successful season in 1953, as far as I could tell. The reason for this state of affairs may be that a large proportion of the young leave Cornwall in the autumn movement season; the young of both Eagles and Buzzards are greater wander­ ers than the old birds. It is worth remarking here that only in the British Isles is the Common Buzzard really sedentary; in the rest of its breeding range it is still wholly or partially migratory. Myxomatosis spread fairly rapidly locally from its first implanta­ tion and thereafter became general, due to the rapid coalescence of areas started by deliberate infection; nevertheless, it was not until after mid-July that rabbits in general began to be scarce and I have no evidence to suggest that any shortage of young rabbits, from the Buzzards' aspect, occurred during the breeding season of 1954. By October, 1954 the absence of rabbits, from areas where they had been numerous, was striking and the myxomatosis appeared to have largely died down, although an unexpected 11 flare-up" took place in early November. As the breeding of larger birds of prey in " natural areas " is well known to be dependent upon an adequate food supply, the situation was very carefully watched from January, 1955 onwards. It appears that a minimum of " fresh meat" is required by adults in order to bring them into condition to breed and that if the supply is continued, nesting will take place; if an adequate dietary is still forthcoming young can be fed and safely reared. Having experienced such differing years in Scandinavia and having seen what happened to Rough-legged Buzzard and Steppe- Buzzard in the years of plenty of Fell voles, other rodentia and Arctic hares, it was interesting to see whether the Common Buzzards would " make do " with a rabbit-free diet and whether any breeding would take place. Prior to 1955, display between the individuals of pairs of Buz­ zards could be seen from late January onwards, on sunny days. I had been accustomed to look for and watch such display for some years, among the resident pairs in W. Cornwall, especially with those birds which could be individually recognised by distinctive points of plumage. In 1955 practically no display was seen and with it came the impression that there would be little, if any, breed­ ing. After a great deal of searching I found three nests for the 39 whole season, two being in woodland and the third a cliff nest. From the last a single chick was reared, both the other nests being unsuccessful. This one chick was apparently reared on small crea­ tures only, as the usual food remnants were almost entirely absent from the nest, such being noted but once; the young bird left the nest at the end of July, about three weeks after the usual date. In October I heard the characteristic call of a bird of the year in a wood elsewhere, but these two instances are the only ones of young birds being met with by me during 1955. Late in the season the presence of a fourth nest, in woodland, was inferred from the systematic hunting of another pair, but it was never located or the presence of young proved. In the past, the staple diet of young in the nest was rabbit, but I have known rodentia, frogs, snakes and lizards to be taken to the nest in both Devon and Cornwall also. The taking of game and poultry chicks to the nest is a trait of individual birds rather than a characteristic of the species, as far as my experience goes, and is uncommon. The feeding habits of adults vary according to both the sex and the time of year, but the females are more addicted to hunting than the males. Both sexes enjoy carrion and both take frogs, lizards and rodentia; in winter the males, especially, seek worms on ploughed land and beetles in turds, a habit noted long before the shortage of rabbits. The Common Buzzard in Scandinavia and Central Europe has never had the liberal supply of rabbits available to his British Cousins; it seems to me to be likely that our stock will gradually revert to a similar dietary and that the population will become stabilised and breed according to the annual fluctuations in its food supply. Outside the breeding season a Buzzard has a full meal about once a week. It is quite true that Buzzards took game and poultry chicks in the years of plenty of rabbits, but the deduction often made therefrom, that a taste for " feather " was proven, is not sound. A much simpler explanation is that a Buzzard seeking food reacted to the movements of the running chicks as it would to those of any rodent and that it cannot in fact differentiate between the two. It is only when a creature is actually repulsive as food—e.g., a toad as opposed to a frog—that a Buzzard appears to be capable of such a distinction. Adult game birds were much less frequently attacked than enjoyment of their flesh would seem to require. Whilst I believe that attacks on poultry have increased some­ what since the virtual disappearance of the rabbit, a great error has been made by many persons in assuming that the presence of a Buzzard near their yards was indicative of intention to take poultry rather than the rodents to be found in such areas; many rats and mice owe their lives to this misjudgment, which also tragically cost a young man his life. At the beginning of 1956 an attempt was made to have the Buz­ zard removed from the Protected Category, either for a year or else permanently. Such a step could only be justified if it could be shown that the species was, on balance, more harmful than beneficial. No evidence was brought forward to support such a view. 40 A statement was also made that the Buzzard had increased during 1955; this is wholly incorrect and probably arose from the marked redistribution of the population, at the end of the summer, productive of local increases only; this " fanning-out " of the popula­ tion was solely due to the food situation. My own records show that the population in the summer of 1955 was about three-fifths of that present in 1954. Although attacks on stock were said to have occurred I could not get any first-hand evidence of such; the presence of a Buzzard on a freshly dead carcase is not proof of murder by the Buzzard. The Director of the Nature Conservancy, himself an experienced Ornithologist, was reported in the Press to have said at a conference " rogue birds, however, which are seen to do damage, can be legally destroyed." It seems certain to me that the views expressed, if cor­ rectly reported, are not in accordance with the law as set out in the Protection of Birds Act, 1954. The " escape " clause; Section 4(2) (a), which covers the possibility of an individual bird of a species enjoy­ ing protection doing injury to property, clearly states: — (1) " Serious damage " must be in question; not just " damage." (2) That the defendant must prove to the satisfaction of the court before which he is charged that his action was reason­ ably necessary for the prevention of such serious damage. If, and only if, the court is satisfied with the defence may it dismiss the case and justify the defendant's action; any such shooting is therefore illegal, no matter who is the shooter; until a competent court of law has found adequate justification for it. The Legislature did not intend, and the Act does not warrant the assumption, that a person may be not only Executioner, but also Judge and Jury, in his own cause; nor does Section 4(2) (a) imply or state that a Buzzard sitting quietly near a farmyard can be shot, with impunity, on mere suspicion. I would say that at the end of 1954 the following was an accurate technical status for the Common Buzzard in Cornwall: — " Resident, common, and generally distributed; breeds mainly in trees, but also on sea cliffs and quarry faces, the ratio being about 90% tree sites, 8% cliff sites, 2% quarry sites. Also a spring and autumn passage migrant in small numbers, mainly March—mid-April and October; and a winter visitor to a variable degree, the sources of these movements being unknown." The great danger arising from continued non-breeding is that the parent stock ages and that the likelihood of strong young being reared is decreased thereby, with a resultant natural extinction of the species when the parent stock has fallen below a certain level. I am personally becoming doubtful whether accretions to a resident breeding stock occur from passage migrants journeying to further breeding grounds. What the future holds we cannot say for certain, but it is my hope that our successors in Cornwall and my native Devon will record the Common Buzzard—a useful agricultural bird and a joy to behold, soaring and circling, whilst peevishly mewing, over our graves—as common in A.D. 2006. A. G. P. 41 CASUALTY CORNER or First-Aid for Birds in Distress

The idea that an article such as this should be included in the Report arose largely from the recurrence of two things. (1) The almost annual very hard weather spells which have been hitting Cornwall, and its attendant hardships to all bird life. (2) The regular stranding around all parts of the coast of badly oiled and exhausted sea birds. With these two points in mind it was felt that some guidance could be given which might help the well intentioned bird-lover to do something positive and practical should any casualties come their way. It soon became clear, as members notes and comments began to come in, that there are various schools of thought on the subject, so I can only hope that the article may arouse not only a little interest, but more and more in the way of accurate and experienced observation, and possibly some controversy. Some observers feel that little good can come of helping any casualty. They feel that in the end nature will either kill or cure, and nature's method of killing may be swifter and surer than ours. There is no doubt that in many instances one can only help by accepting a bird as a pensioner for its lifetime, an expensive and exacting undertaking, (broken wings in particular rarely mend suffi­ ciently strongly to allow a bird to return to a normal way of life). Others feel we cannot call ourselves a " Preservation Society " without, using the word in its widest sense, advising first-aid and assistance rather than gloomy reference to " Leave it to Mother Nature." I think one must accept the fact that where a bird is in a very bad state, either through oil or through injury, it is better to destroy it quickly. It has been proved beyond doubt that very heavily oiled birds, even though they may not die, become paralysed. The subject of bird diseases has not been touched as it lies outside the sphere of first-aid or social care. No doubt these notes have but scratched the surface of this interesting subject. Moreover they may seem elementary to the more advanced ornithologist, but 1 hope they will be helpful to the average bird-lover. MARGARET P. VISICK. Acknowledgements to:— Dr. R. H. Blair; Mrs. F. E. Carter; Miss M. Comber; Dr. C. J. F. Coombs; Major P. Lyster; J. L. Palmer; A. G. Parsons; Lt.-Col. B. H. Ryves; Mrs. M. Tunnard; Dr. F. A. Turk; The Misses Ygiesias; " Illustrated London News"; R.S.P.B. "Bird Notes." 42 OILED SEA-BIRDS Many of these come to hand in a state of exhaustion, having been rendered unable to fly, or feed. All species, whether sur­ face feeders or divers suffer the consequences of oil internally, as well as the heavy external clogging. In some cases rest and warmth and a little food or a halibut capsule are to be preferred to immediate cleaning. Cleaning: A fine white oil, or olive oil, should be applied to loosen the worst of the mess. (This may need several applications over the course of days, as one cannot give an exhausted bird too rigorous a treatment). The bird can then be given a warm soapy bath (Lux), providing it appears strong enough, and not likely to chill afterwards. They quite enjoy being wrapped in flannel and placed in a warm comfortable box until their feathers have dried out. Extremes of temperature should be avoided. After drying, a little butter or lard should be applied to the breast, and wing feathers, and back, if the bird is to be released. If a bird is a fairly strong one it will do some of its own cleaning if it can be let loose in a shed, or casualty cage, where it can have the use of a shallow bath of sea or fresh water, after the worst has been removed. *Detergents, paraffin or spirits are not recommended for cleaning, as their drastic action removes the natural oil from the feathers, and a bird treated thus and released too soon would become waterlogged and drown, unless treated as above. NEVER USE PETROL. • Addendum. A detergent called REI was used in the early months of 1955, by a German Veterinary Surgeon, Dr. Hans Jakob, to help clean the thousands of sea-birds washed up on the Dutch and Danish coasts after the dumping of 6,000 tons of crude oil by a stranded tanker. He claimed it successfully removed the oil without removing the natural oil. Further research re detergents may be useful. Feeding: The larger species, i.e., Gulls, will take whole Herrings, or strips of fish. But all sea-birds love Sprats. These can be swished in a tin of water, preferably sea-water, and fed dripping wet. Shearwaters, Petrels and Auks derive great benefit from very small doses of Cod-liver or Halibut Oil. This can be administered most easily with a paint brush, or from a fountain pen filler, or dropped on to their fresh drinking water. Releasing- Casualties: Consideration must be given to the patient, as where Shearwaters or Petrels are concerned, excepting Ful­ mars, they are largely nocturnal, at least at their breeding grounds, so they may show some reluctance to return to sea during daylight, but would be happier if released at dusk. It is, however, considered essential to return the really pelagic birds to sea as quickly as possible. They are birds of the ocean and are quite possibly overwhelmed with " fear " at any form of confinement. This applies jn particular to such birds as the Little Auks which can be picked up far inland after great gales. Guillemots, however, can become mast friendly. Unfortunately, it has been observed that many birds who appear to have made a good recovery and seem ready to put to sea find their natural element too much for them. After a short time afloat, they struggle back to shore and collapse. 43 FEEDING IN HARD WEATHER

The regular bird-table visitors are invariably well cared for, and in their turn do attract rarer species who may take readily to the usual bird table fare, i.e., crumbs, nuts, fat scraps, etc. The chief concern has been, however, for the Redwings and Fieldfare. The Redwings, in particular, almost invariably arrive in the extreme South-West in a very weakened state, but even so are most selective in their feeding. Where a few reports have come in of them taking the usual scraps, by far the greater number of observers have tried them with every imaginable tit­ bit without success. Where birds have been persuaded to feed, their diet has had a leaning towards protein foods. In particular, packet suet, (possibly because of its likeness in appearance to grubs or berries), and grated cheese. However, the greatest success seems to have been achieved by two members who evolved a method of cooking and present­ ing rice which their Redwings relished. They used the following method, the large round unpolished rice being best.

Method: Put rice into a lot of cold water, boil up and cook until just soft, not pappy. Drain in colander, rinse under hot tap to remove sticky starch, then tip into a large bowl whilst still hot and stir into it melted lard, just enough to get all the grains coated. It is important to get the grains to separate and flinging it hard along the ground will help to do this. It was noticed that many birds were so weak they could not break up any sticky lumps, but would swallow a single grain eagerly.

The same observers appended the following note:— " The great problem was to stop the hordes of Starlings getting every scrap from the other birds ... so we thought up a successful way to cope with it. As the Starlings arrived from their distant roosts at least half an hour later in the morning than the Redwings and others, we got up before dawn to feed the latter the moment they flew off their perches. Again, in the evening, when the Starlings departed for bed about half an hour earlier, we fed a big meal to the rest. The Redwings would sit eating until it was almost too dark to see them. Of course, during the day we fed all birds.

TITS. We made a special box for feeding the Tits. A packing- case, 30" long, 15" wide and 11" deep, with laths tacked I" apart along the front, made a big shallow cage. Into this, through the laths, we poured grated cheese, suet, brown bread crumbs, quaker oats and bird seed. We still feed the Tits this way, and it is amusing to see very often as many as a dozen in there at the same time. One interesting point, it took the Great Tits much longer than the Blues, Coal and Marsh Tits to learn how to get inside sideways. The box can be hung on a wall or placed on a table or bench."

FIELDFARE. These, too, have been a problem, but respond splen­ didly to really rotten apples. They also tackled the cooked rice. 44 BLACKBIRDS and THRUSHES take well to this rotten apple diet, and several members who have reported are confident that it brought many safely through the last bad spell. Those mem­ bers who are without an apple crop to pick over might find it worth while to bespeak any rotten fruit from their greengrocer. All varieties are appreciative during snow or hard frost of the turning over of a few forkfuls of soil daily, especially if this can be done in a position sheltered from the wind or under shrubs. Scattering food under shrubbery helps overcome the whole­ sale plundering by Gulls which undoes the good work done to­ wards feeding the very small species—Pipits, Dunnocks, etc. Below is appended a list of foods, apart from bread, etc. (or chick food), which may be considered particularly useful to certain species, but observation will show considerable over­ lapping, maybe some of particular interest.

Monkey Nuts: Coconuts: Tit-tribe. Woodpeckers. Nuthatches. Fat:

Rotten Apples: Fieldfare. Blackbirds. Thrushes. Suet (Packet), Meal­ worms, Ant Eggs, Redwings. Blackbirds. Grated Cheese:

Porage Oats, Pipits. Finches. Bird Seed:

Rice, cooked as described: Acceptable to wide variety. Fish Bones and Fish Scraps, Acceptable to wide variety. Pressure Cooked 1 hour:

Coarse Oats: Acceptable to wide variety. Pet Foods: Acceptable to wide variety. Potatoes cooked in their skins, chopped small and mixed with Acceptable to wide variety. coarse oats and oatmeal:

Freshly turned soil: Acceptable to wide variety. Water: As important as food is the supplying and replenishing of water. As this may freeze up quickly, two tips are worth remembering to overcome this, or at least delay it. (1) A nightlight or minute paraffin lamp under an inverted flower pot with the water container on top of that. (2) A square of loose bricks into which waste warm ashes may be dumped, and an earthenware drinking bowl stood on the ash. Again, a sheltered corner is preferable, 45 GENERAL AND HARD WEATHER CARE Warmth: Where a bird is picked up obviously ill, but the cause cannot be recognised, the safest and best method is to warm it up. Stimulant: A very few drops of neat brandy administered from a fountain pen filler or eye dropper. Dose: 3—5 drops to a robin- sized bird, thence scaled up or down according to the patient. This will stimulate the heart and the bird should be placed in a box in a warm cupboard or even the oven (door ajar, please!) and after a few hours the near dead will, with luck, be quite rejuvenated. Very small birds especially react well to this treatment. As a bird's body temperature is high (compared with animals), 104—105° F., this warmth is essential to restore the digestive processes. Food: Food without warmth is of no avail.

INJURED BIRDS These should be made comfortable in a box or cage sited in a quiet spot and, for preference, without a view. Such is the antipathy of most birds to man that even though injured they will, at least for a few days, beat against bars or windows to be free. Suitable food and water must be placed handy by and the bird left alone to get over shock. Many die overnight. Survivors can be treated. Wounds: T.C.P. has proved a safe and efficient antiseptic. Splints: Careful splinting of legs can be quite successful. Perch: Broken wings are another matter and rarely grow strong enough for a bird to return to normal life. Here, however, good perching facilities are essential. Few birds will do well if they have to stay on the floor of the casualty cage. A tree branch so arranged that they may hop and scramble aloft is an essen­ tial item for their convalescence. Bath: Most birds, too, appreciate opportunities for bathing, and a suitable bowl should be left for this purpose. N.B.—The larger Gulls very nearly need a horse-trough! It is, therefore, well to remember that some birds which are permanently injured, but convalescent, may be taken in at the R.S.P.C.A. Bird Hospital, Mousehole. Telephone No. Mousehole 269 (after 9 p.m.). Only a bird taken personally would be considered. The Misses Yglesias are willing to give helpful advice by 'phone, but would prefer that advice should be sought from a Vet. or the R.S.P.C.A. Inspectors, as they already have 150 odd assorted birds under their care. LARGER BIRDS. Among the fairly regular casualties are, unfor­ tunately, the Swan, Heron, and less often, the Bittern. Usually brought down by overhead wires. The R.S.P.C.A. will handle Swans to their best advantage. Heron and Bittern should be approached and handled with great care. They will attack and peck at eyes and ears of the handler. 46 Food. Fish, frogs and worms will be welcomed by the latter pair, or reasonable substitutes. As far as observers can tell, toads are not acceptable to any bird. BIRDS OF PREY. Great care should be taken in approaching and handling all these larger species. They not only strike swiftly with the beak, but also with the talon. A coat with a heavy sleeve and tough gloves are a wise precaution. Food: Kestrels and Sparrowhawks are particularly difficult to feed as they expect their prey alive, but may sometimes take a warm dead prey. Kestrels will accept beetles, lizards and frogs as alternatives. One essential point must be remembered regarding their feeding. Without it they are quite incapable of digesting their food. Strips of raw meat can be fed, but these must almost always be rolled in feathers or in some natural fur (pluckings from the cat!). Providing fur (not cured fur) or feathers and little pieces of bone are included quite regularly, all should be well. This roughage is essential to all Raptors, as it forms the nucleus of the pellets which they cast up and is a natural part of their digestive processes.

SUSPECTED POISONING Administer doses of very strong, even black, tea. N.B.—Technical Note. Apart from acting as a stimulant, the tannic acid will neutralise alkaloidai glucosides.

DISPLACED NESTLINGS — FLEDGLINGS NESTLINGS. This one aspect of bird care can bring in many prob­ lems. Young birds do appear as casualties from areas where tree felling is in progress, and the care of a nestling can be difficult and exacting. A sitting canary will successfully rear any of the smaller seed-eating species, but by the time they are old enough and capable of being released they may not take easily to their return to natural conditions. Nestlings from damaged nests may safely be put into the nest of the same species providing no overcrowding is caused, but if the casualty should be put instead into the nest of another species, i.e., Great- tit into Blue-tit or vice versa, although the nestling will be fed to the point of leaving the nest, it will be ignored afterwards, as its voice will not be recognised. It can be interesting to attempt to rear many by hand, but apart from warmth, suitable food must be provided at frequent intervals through the hours of daylight and, moreover, must be shoved down the gullet, not just offered. A forceps is ideal for this forcible feeding. Much time and patience is demanded. Food: Thoroughly minced up meat which is really moist or has been moistened will suit many species, as will lightly scrambled egg, or raw egg and chick crumbs. In all cases, however, the object is to present something nutritious as well as closely resembling their natural diet. Water: None until fully fledged, as all the moisture needed should be in the food. Of a similar consistency in fact to food fed naturally after regurgitation. FLEDGLINGS. These are always at a very tricky stage in their career. So often fledglings are picked up by children and brought in as " lost," when in fact they are merely sitting tight waiting ing for parent birds to appear. The great thing is to make absolutely sure any fledgling really is lost. If it is plump and in good condition it is unlikely to be deserted. Avian and feline predators are the great hazard. Especial care should be taken not to interfere with broods of ducklings. These may be on the move from nesting site to the nearest water. Since myxomatosis has cleared so many rabbit warrens, it has been observed that Sheld-duck, in partic­ ular, are travelling considerable distances inland to nest in deserted burrows. After so many weeks of care by the parent birds in choosing a nesting site, laying, brooding, hatching, and rearing, perhaps a dozen youngsters, it is unfortunate that they sometimes cannot get through the few critical hours of leading them from nest to water. Should one be landed with a brood of ducklings, however, a domestic broody is about the only answer. Food: Where other species come to hand, forcible feeding is again necessary up to the point where the young bird may gape automatically upon one's approach. Species, such as Doves, which normally feed by inserting their bills into the gullet of their parents, may have to be patiently persuaded to gape by gently holding the bill between finger and thumb of one hand, and prizing it open with the other.

PARASITES It is believed that the death of some nestlings is caused by certain species of " red mite." The tropical fowl mite " Lip- onyssus bursa" being the most suspect. Possible treatment could be the dusting of nest and nestlings with Flowers of Sulphur or Gammaxane.

DESTRUCTION OF BIRDS BEYOND HELP Where a bird is obviously beyond aid and is of a manageable size, it is better to destroy it quickly. No one could relish this task, but it is surely better to administer a sharp crack, with a stick, to the base of the skull on the spot, than carry a bird miles to find someone who will do precisely the same thing. The only alternative is to deliver the bird to a Vet. (or R.S.P.C.A. Inspector) who has equipment for painless destruction—Chlor­ oform box, lethal injection, or for very large birds, the humane killer. CARCASES Post-mortem: Where a bird has died and a post-mortem might prove interesting, it would be worth while getting in touch with a veterinary surgeon, as some are interested in this small side­ line to their work, or the Veterinary Laboratory (Poultry Dept.), Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey, where the possibility of wild birds transmitting diseases to poultry is being studied. Any reasonably fresh carcase would be welcomed. 48 Mr. A. G. Parsons, Parc Vean, Redruth, is very keen that any interesting specimens should first go to him, as it would be a pity if all unusual casualties were sent straight out of the county without his having a look at them first. He does not want badly oiled birds, unless there is something different about them. But any species might help the study of bird movement. Occasionally a different race of a certain species crops up, adding more light to the big subject of migration. Mr. Parsons has the necessary chemicals and syringes to keep specimens in a reasonable state of preservation while he has charge of them. If they are to be returned to the sender, please include postage or make reasonable arrangements.

Preservation: Skins can be preserved fairly cheaply, but specimens preserved and mounted can cost anything from about £3. 3. 0. Any member who knows a good taxidermist whose charges are reasonable, should cherish him, and perhaps let us know! They appear to be few and far between. The following addresses may be useful to remember should a specimen be a really good one, worthy of preservation, but not particularly wanted by anyone locally. R. Wagstaffe, The Museum, Liverpool. The Curator, Bristol Museum, Bristol. THE MACMILLAN LIBRARY Books, the property of the late Mr. J. M. Macmillan, kindly presented to the Society by Mrs. Macmillan. (Librarian: Mr. C. J. Stevens, 2, Gordon Terrace, Lamb Park, Par). The Handbook of British Birds. H. F. Witherby, et al. (5 vols.). Morris's British Birds. (8 vols.). Manual of British Birds. Howard Saunders. British Birds. Kirkman. Birds of the British Isles and their Eggs. T. A. Coward. (3 vols*). How to study Birds. Stuart Smith. Birds of the Grey wind. Edward Armstrong. Wild Exmoor. E. W. Hendy. Somerset Birds and some other folk. E. W. Hendy. A Naturalist on Lindisfarne. Richard Perry. Shetland Sanctuary. Richard Perry. British Sea Birds. C. A. Gibson Hill. A Naturalist on Rona. Fraser Darling. Island Farm. Fraser Darling. The Birds of Britain. James Fisher , Watching Birds. James Fisher. (2 copies). Bird Recognition, Sea Birds and Waders. James Fisher. Birds at Sight. Vere Benson. Natural History in the Highlands and Islands. Fraser Darling. World of Birds. Eric Parker. Rare, Vanishing and Lost British Birds. From notes by W. H. Hudson, compiled by Linda Gardiner. Edward Wilson, Nature Lover. Seaver. The British Bird Book. Pyecraft and Wood. More Birds of the Day. Eric Hosking and Newberry. Thirty Years of Nature Photography. Seton Gordon. Worthing Cavalcade. Richard Jeffries. The Bird Book. Rogerson and Tunnicliffe. Bird Portraiture. Tunnicliffe. The Birds of Cornwall. Rodd, by Harting. The Charm of Birds. Grey of Fallodon. Wild Geese and Wild Duck. Here and There with Birds. E. W. Hendy. Kindly presented by Mr. A. C. Polwhele: British Waders in their Haunts. S. Bayliss Smith. Kindly presented by Mr. and Mrs. Thomson: A Book of British Waders. Brian Vesey-Fitzgerald. Kindly presented by Mr. J. R. Gist: Natural History of Cornwall. William Borlase. Antiquities of the County of Cornwall. William Borlase. Natural History. Rev. J. G. Wood. An anonymous book on Birds. Kindly presented by Mrs. Weeks: Several copies of " Bird Notes" and " Bird Notes and News." Kindly presented by Mrs. K. Taylor: Sea Birds. J. Fisher and R. M. Lockley. Broadland Birds. E. L. Turner. 50 THE SOCIETY'S RULES (Revised to 30th June, 1951) Rule 1. (Name). The Society shall be called " The Cornwall Bird Watching and Preservation Society." Rule 2. (Objects). The Objects of the Society shall be: — (a) To further the study of birds in the field. (b) To assist in their preservation. Rule 3. (Membership). The Society shall consist of a President, a Chairman, one or more Hon­ orary Secretaries, Honorary Treasurer, and Full and Junior Members. Any person who has attained his or her 14th or 18th birthday shall be eligible for Junior or Full membership respectively. Junior members shall be entitled to participate in the activities of the Society, but they shall not be eligible for election to the Executive Committee or Offices of the Society. The Officers shall be elected annually at the first General Meeting of the year (which meeting shall be named the Annual Meeting) and shall be eligible for re-election. New members may be elected at any General or Executive Committee meeting provided they have signed the declaration on the subject of protection and paid the current year's subscription. Rule 4. No person shall become a member of the Society until he declares in writing that he will not take the eggs or skins of any birds protected by law and any member proved to the satisfaction of a General Meeting of the Society to have taken or incited any other person to take the eggs or skins of such birds shall forthwith cease to be a member of the Society. Rule 5. (Subscription). The Subscription shall be 5/- in the case of Full members, and 2/6 in the case of Junior members, payable on election and thereafter annually on January 1st. But any member who both signs the declaration form and pays the first subscription after September 30th in any year, shall not be liable to pay a further subscription until the close of the following year. A Junior member, on attaining his or her 18th birthday, shall not be liable to pay a Full member's subscription until after the close of the current year. Rule 6. (Management). The Secretaries shall keep Minutes of the meetings and prepare such literature as will keep members informed of the Society's activities. The Treasurer shall present a Statement of Accounts at the Annual Meeting each year. There shall be an Executive Committee consisting of the Officers and not less than six ordinary members. This Committee shall be elected annually at the Annual Meeting and shall deal with all routine business. The Executive Committee shall have power to add to this number, subject to confirmation at the next Annual Meeting. No ordinary member shall serve on this Committee for more than three consecutive years. Rule 7. (Meetings). General Meetings shall be held as often as necessary, but not less than twice a year (including the Annual Meeting). The Executive Committee shall meet when necessary for the transaction of routine business. All meetings shall be convened by the Secretaries in consultation with the President and Chairman. Rule 8. (Alterations of Rules). An alteration of Rules may be made at any General Meeting, provided that the precise alteration has been shown in advance on the Agenda, and that the alteration be passed by two-thirds majority of those present, 51 BALANCE SHEET FOR YEAR ENDING 3Lst DECEMBER, 1955

RECEIPTS EXPENDITURE £ s. d. £ s. d. Subscriptions 137 18 6 Netherton & Worth Ltd.—730 Reports 68 10 0 Sale of Reports 1 6 4 Stationery and Sale of Badges 3 8 Printing 11 1 10 Donations, etc. 2 13 6 Donations—Royal Institute of Cornwall 6 6 0 Walmsley Sanctuary Rent 52 0 0 S.W. Naturalists' Union 2 15 0 3h% War Loan 31 11 8 Severn Wildfowl Trust 2 2 0 Cash at Bank January 1st, 1955 88 13 1 Lundy Field Society 10 0 Cash in Hand January 1st 1955 26 0 0 J. Wright—Typewriter 15 0 0 Tithes on Sanctuary 2 1 6 Expenses of Spring Meeting 18 3 10 Expenses of Autumn Meeting 3 2 0 A. G. Parsons—Court Expenses 1 7 3 E. C. Williams—Compensation 15 0 Penrose—Material and making Black-out 9 0 0 ' Keep Out' Signs for Walmsley Sanctuary 2 7 6 Postages and Cheque Book 8 5 6 Penzance Typewriter Co.—Agendas and Postages 22 4 2 Bank Charges 5 15 6 Cash at Bank, less outstanding Cheques, 31.12.55 160 19 4 £340 6 5 £340 6 5

Balance in P.O. Savings Bank ... £11 19

I have examined the above accounts and certify them to be correct. S. F. H. WILLS, 29th February, 1956. Hon. Auditor. LIST OF MEMBERS FOR 1955 * Denotes New Members.

We regret to record the deaths in 1955 of Miss Belfield, Miss E. Blair, Miss G. P. Bradley, The Rev. F. P. David, Mr. G. C. Delph, Major A. A. Dorrien Smith, Mrs. E. Hawkey, Miss F. J. Jenkin, Mr. H. Rice, Rear-Admiral H. H. Rogers, Mr. E. L. Rosewarne and Mr. J. S. Stephens. (a) Honorary Members. Koch, Dr. Ludwig D., 7, Gordon House, Western Avenue, London, W.5. Palmer, J. L„ Trethias, Lidden Estate, Penzance. Hayman, F. H., M.P., 8, West Park, Redruth. (b) Ordinary Members. Ackroyd, Miss B„ Rosemundy, St. Agnes, Cornwall. Adams, A. W., Rodney House, Clifton, Bristol 8. Adkins, Miss Prudence, Godolphin School, Salisbury. Adshead, J. W. R., Trecarrel, Penpol, Devoran, near Truro. Adshead, Mrs. E., Trecarrel, Penpol, Devoran, near Truro. Agnew, Commander P. G., Trevanion, Camborne. Allsop, Dr; G., Five Acres, Allet, Truro. Allsop, Mrs. O. M., Five Acres, Allet, Truro. Almond, W. E., Laverock House, St. Breward, near Bodmin. Almond, Mrs. E. L. Laverock House, St. Breward, near Bodmin. Andain, R. M., 2, Glanville Terrace, St. Agnes, Cornwall. Andain, W., 2, Glanville Terrace, St. Agnes, Cornwall. Anderson, B. W., Ladylane, Ditchling, Sussex. Anderson, W. J., R.N.A.S., St. Merryn, near Padstow. Andrews, A. W., Tregerther, St. Ives. Andrews, Miss C. M., Providence House, Carbis Bay, St. Ives. Andrews, Miss E., Providence House, Carbis Bay, St. Ives. Appleby, Mrs., The Nook, Carn Brea Village, Redruth. Arnold, R. F., Glen Haven Cottage, Penventinnie Lane, Truro. Asher, Miss L. B., Pine Cottage, Amberly, Arundel, Sussex. Ashwell, Major A. L., Chapel Point, Mevagissey, St. Austell. Ashworth, B. J., Market House Inn, Camborne. Aylwin, Mrs. E., Hope House, Bishop's Waltham, Hants. *Bailey, Mrs. Althea M. G., Riviera Bookshop, The Moor, Falmouth. Bailhache, Capt. C. H., Backways, Bossinney, Tintagel. *Baird, Major, Mullion Cottage, Mawnan Smith, near Falmouth. *Balfour, L., 19, Great Winchester Street, London, E.C.2. Ball, A. Shorland, Littlewood, Lelant. Banks, Miss F. M., 49, Crantock Street, Newquay. Barker, Miss E. M., Trelan, Lelant. Barnes, Miss Ruth G., Hungerdonn, Seagry, Chippenham, Wilts. Barron, Miss G. L., Boscarn, Port Isaac. Barron, Miss N. L., Boscarn, Port Isaac. Barron, H., Boscarn, Port Isaac. Barrow, Miss J. S„ Killigarth, 39, Riddlesdown Road, Purley, Surrey. Bates, J. H., The Battery, Newquay. Batten, C.„ Trewolvas Farm, St. Columb Major. 53 Beckerlegge, The Rev. J. E„ B.A., M.B.O.U., St. Crowan Vicarage, Praze, Camborne. * Beckett, Miss R., Tregullow, Maenporth, Falmouth. Beel, F. G., 14, Harrison Terrace, Truro. Belcher, M. K. C, Stile House, Dracaena Avenue, Falmouth. Bellers, R. W., Harlyn Bay, near Padstow. Bennett, W. C, 70, Fore Street, Newquay. Bennetts, Mrs. W. M., Glyngarth, Falmouth Road, Truro. Berlin, Miss A. K., Shang-ri-la, Reskadinnick, Camborne. Bertram, Lt.-Col. W. R., Old Quay House, Lelant, via Hayle. Bertram, Mrs., Old Quay House, Lelant, Hayle. Beswetherick, A. T., St. Anthony, St. Mawgan, Newquay. Beswetherick, R. J., 21, Broadclose Hill, Bude. Bewes, Mrs. N., Trelil, Marlborough Road, Falmouth. Bickford-Smith, M. G., xrevarno, Helston. Bickford-Smith, Mrs. G., Trevarno, Helston. Biddle, N. H., Rosedene, Raginnis Hill, Mousehole, Penzance. Birtill, R. G., Brook, Heamoor, Penzance. Birtill, Mrs. R. G., Brook, Heamoor, Penzance. Blagg, C. E., Lowdham Grange, Lowdham, Notts. Blair, A. B., 27, Basset Road, Camborne. Blair, J. K., Basset Road, Camborne. Blair, Dr. R. H., Basset Road, Camborne. Blair, Mrs. D., 27, Basset Road, Camborne. Blight, Mrs. Beryl, 12, Killivose Road, Camborne. Bluett, R. J., 4, Treyew Road, Truro. Bolitho, Lt.-Col. Sir E. H. W., K.B.E., C.B., D.S.O., J.P. (Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall). Trengwainton, Madron. (President). Bonham, C. O., 3, Tettenhall, West Hill Road, Woking, Surrey. Booth-Jones, Mrs. M., Undertown, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Bosustow, G., 142, Lee Mill Estate, Ivybridge, Devon. Bowlby, H., 100, Elm Park Gardens, London, S.W.10. Bowlby, Mrs. H., 100, Elm Park Gardens, London, S.W.10. Brand, R. H., 7, Grange Road, Albrighton, nr. Wolverhampton. Bray, A. C, Trevenwith, Church Cove, The Lizard. Bridger, J. A. D., J.P., Pill, Feock, Truro. Bridger, Mrs. J. A. D., Pill, Feock, Truro. Brotherton, Miss H. J., Burwage House, Martello Park, Canford Cliffs, Bournemouth. Brown, G. L., Carnglaze, Holywell Bay, Newquay. Brown, Dr. H. Vivian, Catesby, Wadebridge. Bryant, D. D., Gwarder, Perranporth. Budden, C. J., Tregarten, Carvoza Road, Truro. Burden, Major E. A. R., Tresillian, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Burden, Mrs. H. G., Tresillian, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Burgess, Miss D., Trenadlyn, Mawnan Smith, near Falmouth. Bury, Miss V. M., Red Rock, Topsham, Devon. Butler, Miss F. S., Loe Vean, Feock, Truro. Butler, Miss G. L., Tregenna House, St. Mary's Terrace, Penzance.

Cadbury, C, Beaconwood, Rednal, Birmingham. Callow, The Rev. V. A., St. Kea Vicarage, Truro. Callow, Mrs. M., The Vicarage, Kea, Truro. Campbell, Mrs. H. M. E., Trevellan, St. Teath. Carr, Lady N., Trig, Rock, Wadebridge. Carss, R. G. P., Camryn, Crackington Haven, near Bude. 54 Carter, Mrs. F. E., M.B.O.U., Allerton, King's Hill, Bude. Carter, Miss M., The Manor House, Trevalga, near Boscastle. Cavendish, Mrs. D., Constantine Bay Cottage, near Padstow. Chadwick, The Rev. R. P., The Vicarage, St. Issey, Wadebridge. Chamberlain, Miss M., Richmond, Tower Road, Newquay. Chapman, J. L., Post Office, Ladock, Truro. Chapman, J. S., Post Office, Ladock, Truro. Chapman, Mrs. M. R., Chalfont Cottage, Carbis Bay. Charles, Miss H. T. E., Higher Ninnis, Redruth. Chipman, H. J., Burford, Alexandra Place, Penzance. Clague, W. D., Lamana, Hannafore, Looe. Clarke, A. C, Trerose, Mawnan, Falmouth. Clayden, Mrs. G. M., F.Z.S., The Old Sawmills, Golant, Par. Cleave, H. P. O., M.B.O.U., Trevanion, Wadebridge. Clemens, Mrs. H. W., Cloister Cottage, Speldhurst, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Clift, Miss F. H. L., Brentwood, Florence Terrace, Falmouth. Coda, D. R., 44, Eastwood Road, Leicester. Coe, Miss M. E., Windyridge, Polzeath, Wadebridge. Collett, R. L., 20, Abbey Road, London, N.W.8. Collins, W., Lin-Orda, 7, Mayfield Road, Falmouth. Comber, Miss E. O., Briarbank, Chyoone Hill, Newlyn, Penzance. Cooke, Major J. C, Simonsbath Lodge, near Minehead, Somerset. Coombs, Dr. C. J. F., Perran-ar-Worthal, Truro. Coombs, Miss J., Greenwith Place, Perranwell, Truro. Coon, F. A. H., Pen Mar, Barbican Hill, Looe. Cordiner, Miss E. G., Trevelyan Cottage, Roseudgeon, Penzance. *Counter, M. R., 10, Pednolver Terrace, St. Ives. Counter, Mrs. S. J. V., 10, Pednolver Terrace, St. Ives. Coutts Deacon, Mrs. G., Penarrow House, My lor Churchtown, near Flushing, near Falmouth. Creed, A. Lowry, Truro School, Truro. Croft, Brig.-Gen. W. D., C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., The Anchorage, Mawnan, near Falmouth. Croggon, J. R., The Hollies, Grampound. Croggon, Miss T., Pare Marras, Grampound. Crookshank, J. K., Western Lodge, Emsworth, Hants. Crosoer, E. T., 353, Station Road, Harrow, Middlesex. Cross, D., Fugler's Close, Portloe, Truro. Crossman, A. L., Meadowside, Ruan Minor, Helston. Grossman, Mrs., Meadowside, Ruan Minor, Helston. Crowder, Miss R., Charlestown Hill, St. Austell. Crowther, W. C, M.A., F.Z.S., Polteana, Looe. Cunningham, Miss D., c/o Lloyds Bank Ltd., Penzance. Curber, R. M., Admiralty Office, South Bugle Street, Southampton. Curnow, Dr. R. N., Orleigh, Bolenna, Perranporth.

Dakin, E. T., 22, Carminow Way, Newquay. Dakin, Mrs. W. M., 22, Carminow Way, Newquay. Dakin, Miss J. P., 22, Carminow Way, Newquay. Dana, R. W., O.B.E., Cockmoyle, Rock, Wadebridge. Dana, Mrs., Cockmoyle, Rock, Wadebridge. Darroch, Mrs. A., Haldon, Pentire. Newquay. *Davenport, Miss D., Boase Castle House, Newlyn, Penzance. Davey, Miss E„ Goonvrea House, St. Agnes, Cornwall. Davey, Miss R. I., Carnot House, Blackwater, Truro. 55 David, Mrs. E. M., Skippers Cove, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. David, Mrs., Culver Cottage, Winchester; and Cove Cottage, Polzeath, Wadebridge. Davies, E. R., B.A., 11, Hornbeams, Sweet Briar, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. Davies, Mrs. R. K., Treffgarne, 7, Hamoaze Terrace, Saltash. Davis, Air Commodore J. G., C.B., O.B.E., M.A., M.B.O.U., St. Eval, Portsmouth Road, Camberley, Surrey, de Maupas, Guy, Trenance, Mevagisse>. Dexter, S., Rosevean, Constantine Bay, near Padstow. Dickson, Mrs. D., Curgurrell Corner, Portscatho, near Truro. Dixon, Perrin A., F.Z.S., Far End, Mylor Bridge, near Falmouth. Dolphin, Miss K. I. N., The Dolphin, Paul Lane, Mousehole, near Penzance. Douch, H. L., The Museum, Truro. Doughty, Miss F., Carminow, Falmouth. Douglas-Jones, N., 6, St. Peter's Road, Swansea. Dover, Mrs. A. B., Trewithian, Portscatho. Downing, Mrs. Carl, Pentyre, Carbis Bay. Drew, Miss, 53, Morrab Road, Penzance. Drew, S. J., 75, Crantock Street, Newquay. Dunt, E. J., Cothayes, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly. Punt, Mrs., Cothayes, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly. Diitton, Mrs. E. B., Beach Cottage, Polzeath, Wadebridge.

Eastwood, M. J., Trevanion, Tremorvah, Truro. Edmead, Miss D., Stopside Cottage, Rock, near Wadebridge. Edward-Collins, Major-General C. E., Trewardale, Blisland. Edward-Collins, R. F., Polgwin, Bodmin. Edward-Collins, Mrs., Polgwin, Bodmin. Egerton, Lady Rachel, Innisfree, Polzeath, Wadebridge. Elliott, Miss H., Gwavas, Villa, 1, Norton Terrace, Penzance. *Ellis, M., 7, Newlands Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. *Elvins, M. L., 54, Cliff Street, Mevagissey. Evans, H. Cresswell, The Rock Garden, Gerrans, Portscatho. *Evans, Mrs. G. E. M., Abington, Perranuthnoe, Penzance. Eyre, C. V., Trelawden, St. Minver, Wadebridge. Farrant, A. A., Roskrow, Penryn. Farrant, Miss B., Roskrow, Penryn. *Farwig, Mrs. C. M., Branedden Vean, Wheal Cunning, St. Just-in- Penwith. Ferguson, Miss Juliet, Quay House, St. Ives. Ferrier, Miss Judith M., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Blakeney Downs, Blakeney, Norfolk. Field, G. D., Eagle House, Launceston. Finney, N. M., c/o St. Saviour's Cottage, Padstow. Fisher, Miss E., 26, Priory Park Road, Launceston. Fisher, J., M.A., M.B.O.U., Old Rectory, Ashton, Northampton. Flawn, E. G., The Stannery, Ludgvan, Penzance. Flawn, Mrs., The Stannery, Ludgvan, Penzance. Foot, Isaac, The Right Hon. P. C, Pencrebar, Callington. Foster, Miss L;, Oak Cottage, Lostwithiel. Fox, Mrs. G. R., Trewardreva Manor, Constantine, Falmouth. Fox, Miss M. V., 4, Woodlane Crescent, Falmouth. Freeman, D., Langweath Bungalow, Mawgan-in-Meneage, Helston. 56 Fry, R. M., Mervil View, Kidgeley Road, Chiddingford, near God- aiming, Surrey. Fuge, T. J., 645, Wesley Road, St. Budeaux, Plymouth.

Gallup, Mrs. J. P., Blackdown House, near Mary Tavy. Gardner, Miss D., Bunny's Hall, Falmouth. Gaskell, H., New London, Trevellas, St. Agnes, Cornwall. Gellatly, Miss D., New Close, Mawgan, Newquay. Gellatly, Miss N., New Close, Mawgan, Newquay. George, Mrs. R., Porth Conger, St. Agnes, Isles of Scilly. Gibb, Capt. J. A., Rinsey Head, Ashton, near Helston. Giles, Miss C, 147, Mount Wise, Newquay. Gill, Mrs. M. E., Riverside, Lelant. *Gillihgham, V. O., c/o 9, Porthpean Road, St. Austell. Girling, Rev. C. A. W., Lanreath Rectory, Looe. Gist, J. R., Valiona, Kelly Bray, Callington. Glazebrook, B. R., Brynbella, St. Asaph, North Wales. Goddard, W. J., Fairflelds, Manor Lane, Oiler ton, Knutsford, Cheshire. Goddard, Mrs. E. M., Fairfields, Manor Lane, Ollerton, Knutsford, Cheshire. Godfrey, Miss M., 13, Trehaverne Terrace, Truro. Goodden,Lt.-Col. R. B., The Round Field, Mawnan, Falmouth. Goodden, Mrs. F. D., The Round Field, Mawnan, Falmouth. Goodsell, R., 15, Bellevue Road, Saltash. Gould, Miss D., Elstree, Wootton, New Milton, Hampshire. Graham, Dr. C. I., 5, St. Sampson's Terrace, Golant, Par. Grand, Mrs. Irene, Coolgrena, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Graves, Miss L. I., Polpear, St. Austell Street, Truro. Green, G. H. Windy Ridge, Pershore Road, Little Comberton, Pershore, Worcs. Greenland, Mrs. E. M., Wayside, Low Street, Hardingham, Norwich, Grogono, Miss M. D., The Croft, Mylor, near Falmouth. Gunning, Mrs., Little House, Mawgan-Porth, Newquay. Gush, G. H., c/o Mrs. F. A. Larkworthy, 12, Perrinville Road, Babbacombe, Torquay, Devon. Gwinn, R. F., White Wings, Trebetherick, Wadebridge.

Hadden, R. G., The White House, Pengersick, Germoe, Penzance. Haden, G. N., 36, Wildwood Road, London, N.W.ll. Haden, Mrs. P. J., 36, Wildwood Road, London, N.W 11. Hair, Dr. J. A. G., Polwithan, Falmouth Road, Truro. Hair, Mrs., Polwithan, Falmouth Road, Truro. Hall, W. J., Amalebra Corner, Nancledra, Penzance. Hall, Mrs. E. E. P., St. Clement, Truro. Halsey, Miss V. M., Windmill House, St. Minver, Wadebridge. Hambly, A. C, 59, Fore Stret, Redruth. Hambly, E. H. T., Treharrock, St. Kew, Bodmin. Hankey, Mrs. F., Laregan, Penzance. Harcourt, R. A., 23, Braid Crescent, Edinburgh, 10. Hardy, J. D., " Lanhydrock," Kenwyn, Truro. Hardy, M. T., " Lanhydrock," Kenwyn, Truro. Hardy, P. de H., 21, Street-an-Garrow, St. Ives. Hardy, Mrs. H. G„ 21, Street-an-Garrow, St. Ives. Hare, Dr. Dorothy, 6, Boslowick Road, Falmouth. 57 Hartley, The Rev. P. H. Trahair, M.B.O.U., Badingham Rectory, Woodbridge, Suffolk. Harvey, Mrs. A. S., Rosehill Cottage, Padstow. Harvey, Miss E. I., Rosehill Cottage, Padstow. Harvey, F. S., Glanmor, Hayle. Harvey, G. H., Trenance, Hawkins Road, Penzance. Harvey, Mrs., Trenance, Hawkins Road. Penzance. Harvey, Miss H., 10, Lafrowda Terrace, St. Just, PenzanGe. Harvey, L. A., University College, Exeter. *Hatton, Miss J., 7, Fox's Lane, Falmouth. Hawke, C. J., Lloyds Bank, Redruth. Hayman, Mrs., M.B.E., J.P., West Park, Redruth. Heath, Dr. C, Porbeggles, St. Day, near Redruth. Heath, Miss M. B., The Wood, Arbroath Lane, Esher, Surrey. Hemsley, G., Rock, Wadebridge. Hemsley, Mrs. M., Rock, Wadebridge. Henwood, P. H., Linkinhorne, Callington. Henwood, T. L., Vallis, 46, Ennor Road, Newquay. Hepburn, Miss E. M., 6, Avenue Road, Teddington, Middlesex. Hewish, E. W., 1, Inglewood, Torwood Gardens Road, Torquay. Hicks, Mrs. L., The Lighthouse, St. Agnes, Isles of Scilly. Higgs, Mrs., Whistow, Lanlivery, Bodmin. Higman, N., 5, Overton, Launceston. Higman, Mrs. J., 5, Overton, Launceston. Higman, S. M., 5, Overton, Launceston. Hiller, C. M., Gernick Field, Newlyn, Penzance. Hodge, Mrs. J., Waresley, Melville Crescent, Falmouth. Hoggins, H. S., 13, Wadebridge Road, St. Mabyn. *Hooper, W. Tregoning, Trevaunance Road, St. Agnes, Cornwall. Holman, Mrs., 3, Carn Gwavas Terrace, Newlyn. Hopewell, A., 1, Berkeley Hill, Falmouth. Hopkins, A. M., Mawgan Bridge Farm, Mawgan-in-Meneage, Helston. Hopkins, Mrs. G. M., Mawgan Bridge Farm, Mawgan-in-Meneage, Helston. Horsnaill, Miss F., Fairlight, Praa Sands. Hosking, H. H., Hillocks, Rock, Wadebridge. *Howard, H., Tresawle, The Lizard. *Howard, Mrs., Tresawle, The Lizard. *Howell, J. E., Windyridge, St. Mawes, Truro. *Howell, J. O., Windyridge, St. Mawes, Truro. Hunkin, Miss G., Fern Glen House, St. Ives. Hunt, O. D., Corrofell, Newton Ferrers, Plymouth. Hurrell, H. G., M.B.O.U., Moorgate, Wrangaton, Plymouth.

Jackson, Mrs. D., Hermitage, St. Mawes. Jago, T. B., J.P., 2, The Godolphin, Marazion. Jeacock, Miss Y., Twyford, Perranwell Station, Truro. Jeffreys, A. H., 13, Cheyne Gardens, Chelsea, S.W.3; and Doom Bar House, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Jeffreys, Mrs. D. B., 13, Cheyne Gardens, Chelsea, S.W.3; and Doom Bar House, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Jenkin, C. R., 15, Treveneth Crescent, Gwavas Estate, Newlyn W. Jenkin, L., The Cottage, Newquay. Jenkin, Mrs., The Cottage, Newquay. Jenkin, R. W., 30, Treveneth Crescent, Gwavas Estate, Newlyn, Penzance. 58 Jerram, Lady Christine E. M., Golden Hill, Hannafore, Looe. Jerram, Mrs. M., Trehane, Trevanson, Wadebridge. Johnson, Mrs. E. M., Budock Vean Cottage, Mawnan, Falmouth. Johnson, Miss E., Gwel Towans, Treloyhan, St. Ives. Johnstone, G., Oxford and Cambridge University Club, Pall Mall, London, S.W.I. Jones, Commander B. E., Quenby, Budock Vean, near Falmouth. Jones, Mrs. M. L., Quenby, Budock Vean, near Falmouth. Jones, Capt. C. H., D.S.O., R.N., Trewenna, Gorran Haven. Jones, Mrs. Maud, Trewenna, Gorran Haven. Jones, Miss M. J., St. Piran Lodge, Lelant, St. Ives. *Jones, M. D., Franchis, Cury Cross Lanes, Helston. Kelsall, N. E., Savings Bank Buildings, Camborne. Kennedy, W. P., M.B.O.U., 5, Lemon Street, Truro. Khan, D. J., Merrose Vean, Tehidy, Camborne. Khan, R., Merrose Vean, Tehidy, Camborne. King, B., Mayfield, Uplands Road, Saltfork, Bristol. Kirby, Mrs. M., Bishops Quay, St. Martin, near Helston. Kitson, Miss D. H., Homes of St. Barnabas, Trelawne, Looe. Kitto, J. H., 30, Lyndhurst Road, Stretford, Manchester. Knock, R. H., Thimble Hall Cottage, Penshurst, near Tonbridge, Kent. Kyd, Miss G. B., 4, Coastguard Cottages, Coverack. Lambert, Miss O. R. A., Woodland View, Old Falmouth Road, Truro. Langham, C. H., Carmeal, Breage, Helston. *Latham, H. R., Tregudda, Port Gaverne, Port Isaac. *Lawry, F. J„ Bossullow Veor, Newbridge, Penzance. Lawson, H. B., Churchmead, Pirbright, Surrey. Lee, R. W., 75a, Fore Street, Redruth. Leonard, W. J., 83a, Hornchurch Road, Ernesettle, Plymouth. Lepper, Dr. E. H., 5, Boslowick Road, Falmouth. Lethbridge, Miss D. M. B., J.P., Tregeare, near Launceston. Lewis, L. B., 7, Old Paul Hill, Newlyn, Penzance. Liddicoat, R. O., Sunnyside, Trenance, Mawgan-Porth, Newquay. Loring, Miss R., 169, Queen's Gate, London, S.W.7. Luck, Mrs., Golant, Fowey. Lynch, Miss M. P., 7, Weethes Cottages, Penzance. Lyster, Major P. G., The White House, Marazion. Mackenzie, Mrs. A. C, Millefleur, Penmere, Falmouth. Mackenzie, Mrs. K., Trewetha, near Port Isaac. *MacKenzie, P. Z., Penold Farm, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly. Maclaren, P. I. R., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Peterhouse, Feock, Truro. Maclaren, Mrs. M., Peterhouse, Feock, Truro. Macmillan, Mrs., Polzeath, Wadebridge. Macnaghten, G. L., Trehil, Ludgvan. Macnaghten, Mrs. H. M„ Trehil, Ludgvan. Macnaghten, Mrs. L., 2, Western Terrace, Falmouth. Macphie, D. J., Khandalla, Port Isaac, N. Cornwall. Maddern, R., 32, Treveneth Crescent, Gwavas Estate, Newlyn, Penzance. Makepeace, Mrs,, Trewint Lake, St. Minver, Wadebridge. Malan, E. M., The Knoll, Peterborough Road, Harrow, Middlesex. *Mailoch, D., Souldern House, Souldern, near Bicester, Oxon. Mance, J. H. F., 61, Marlborough Road, Langley, Bucks. 59 Manvell, H. S., Luccombe Knap, near Minehead, Somerset. Manvell, Mrs. E., Luccombe Knap, near Minehead, Somerset. Marley, Miss K. R., Millingey, St. Issey, Padstow. Marshall, Commander D., R.N.V.R., M.P., House of Commons, Westminster, London. Martyn, S. A., Pen-y-Bryn, Wadebridge (Hon. Treasurer). Matthews, P., 11, Clare Street, Penzance. McKenzie, T. F., Institute Cottage, Perranwell Station, Truro. McKie, Dr. D., 18, Brookland Hill, London, N.W.ll. Mead, Miss B. C, Greystones, Sithney, Helston. Meade, Col. P., Morreps, Lelant. Meares, R. H., 2, Western Terrace, Falmouth. Meares, Mrs., 2, Western Terrace, Faymouth. Middlemass, Miss D. I., Two Gables, Trelyon, St. Ives. Miners, W. T., Ivydene, Marazion. Mischler, S. M., Copeland Court, Cathedral School, Truro. Mitchell, B. H., 26, Dean Street, Liskard. Mitchell, Miss D. C, 34, Elms Avenue, Parkstone, Dorset, Mitchell, E. Foster, Harwell, Lelant, St. Ives. Mitchell, H. B., Treloweth House, Hayle. Mitchell, H. S., Treloweth House, Hayle. Mollison, Mrs. B. M., Picket Hill, Ringwood, Hants. Mollison, J. E., Culver Lodge, St. Michael's Road, Winchester, Hants. Moor, Miss M. R., 13, St. Austell Street, Truro. Morcom, G., 7, Highfield Road, Ipswich. *Morgan/E. R., The Right Revd. the Lord Bishop, Lis Escop, Truro. *Morgan, Mrs. E. R., Lis Escop, Truro. Moule, The Rev. G. W. H., St. Bee's School, Cumberland. Mumford, K. J., Woodlands, The Parade, Truro. Nance, Miss P., Nurses' Home, Royal Cornwall Infirmary, Truro. *Nash, K. O., Bryn, Old Paul Hill, Newlyn, Penzance. Neale, Mrs. E., Polgwynne, Feock, Truro. New, L. P., St. Enodoc Hotel, Rock, Wadebridge. Newham, R. E., Evendale, Melville Road, Falmouth. Newton, Miss M. G., 43, Bodmin Road, St. Austell. Nicholson, Miss I. G., 5, Coombe Road, Saltash. Nowell-Usticke, Miss P., Shakimar, Ruan Lanihorne, Ruan High Lanes. Oakley, R. J. L., Whitebays, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Oakley, Mrs., Whitebays, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Oates, K. E., Penlyne, 39, Higher Lux Street, Liskeard. Oatey, R., 20, Tewington Place, St. Austell. Odell, Miss S. M., The Bryn, Trevone, Padstow. Oliver, J. C. C, Idris, Carbis Bay. Orchard, A., Hicks Mill, Bissoe, Truro. Oughton, W. H., " Roseneath," 15, Shepherd's Way, Rickmansworth, Herts. Oxley, Mrs. C. A., 18, Avebury Avenue, Northbourne, Bournemouth. Pagan, Miss E. L., Callater Cottage, King's Mead, Painswick, Glos. Page, Dr. H. H., Trehurst, 4, Millbourne Lane, Esher, Surrey. Page, Mrs. K. M., Trevanson House, Wadebridge. Palmer, A. R., Half-Acre, Rose Hill, Penzance. Parke, Mrs. E. F., Trewhella Cottage, Cury Cross Lanes, Helston. Parker, G. A., Gwel-an-mor, Mylor, Falmouth. 60 Parkin, W. G., 61, High Street, Sleema, Malta. Parrinder, E. R., M.B.O.U., Trewent, 91, Weald Road, Sevenoaks, Kent. Parrinder, Mrs. E. D., Trewent, 91, Weald Road, Sevenoaks, Kent. Parry, F. R., M.B.E., Franchis, Cury Cross Lanes, Helston. Parry, Mrs. F. R., Franchis, Cury Cross Lanes, Helston. Parsons, A. G., M.B.O.U., Pare Vean, Redruth (Joint Hon. Secretary). Paton-Smith, Mrs. V. A., M.B.E., The Forge, The Lizard, Helston. *Paynter, Miss E. M., Kilbroney, Week St. Mary, Holsworthy. Pearce, Mrs. M., Faralong, Rock, Wadebridge. Pellow, Miss M., Tyringham Place, Lelant. *Penberthy, E. J., Illogan Churchtown, Redruth. Perkins, Miss E. V., Pydar, Trenance, Newquay. Peters, W. R., The Bank, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly. Phillips, A. C. J., Trevellyn, Mawnan Smith, Falmouth. Phillips, D. H., Buena Vista, Mount Ambrose, Redruth. Phillips, N. R., 5, The Crescent, Alexandra Road, St. Ives. Phillips, Mrs. M. R., 5, The Crescent, Alexandra Road, St. Ives. Phillips, Miss R. M., 11, Kings End, Bicester, Oxon. Phillips, Miss S., F.Z.S., Shang-ri-la, Reskadinnick, Camborne. Pickthall, Miss E. G., Missenden, Mylor Bridge, Falmouth. Pierson, T. A., The Anchorage, St. Ives. Pilkington, Major R. C. L., Little Offley, Hitchen, Hertfordshire. Pinkney, Mrs. I. V., Paramatta, Crackington Haven, Bude. Pollett, G. P., Nansvallon, St. Mawes, Truro. Polwhele, R. K., Polwhele, Truro. Polwhele, Mrs. J. G., Polwhele, Truro. Poock, S. G., 10, Delcroft Way, Harpenden, Herts. *Pool, Miss L. A. I., Trevean, Trewithian Road, Camborne. Pope, Miss, West Cornwall School, Penzance. Powell, A. B., River Bank, Coombe Road, Saltash. Powell, Mrs. E., Chard School, Chard, Somerset. Powell, Miss R. E., Coulsdon, Polwithen Road, Penryn. Prentis, Miss P. H., Bickington House, Lelant. Price, Miss M. A., Four Winds, 9, Gloweth Villas, Threemilestone, Truro. Price, O. F., Fern Cottage, Carlidnack, Mawnan Smith, Falmouth. Prideaux, V., Stamford, Tregolls Road, Truro. Probert, J. F. C, 1, Penventon Terrace, Redruth. Quick, Miss H. M., Priglis Cottage, St. Agnes, Isles of Scilly via Penzance (Joint Hon. Secretary). Radcliffe, Mrs. R. M., Killacourt, Newquay. Radford, Miss E., St. Anthony-in-Roseland, Portscatho. Radway, F. P., Tresco, Moorland Road, Par. Radway, W. P., Penarwyn Road, Par. Rae, Miss Mary, Whitehouse, Rock, Wadebridge. *Raikes, Mrs. C, Penbeagle Croft, St. Ives. Rait Kerr, Mrs. H., M.B.O.U., Paddocks, Copperkins Lane, Amer- sham, Bucks. Ravenhill, F. H., County Planning Office, County Hall, Truro. Ray, R. L., Gwavas, Budock Vean, Falmouth. Ray, Mrs. S., Gwavas, Budock Vean, Falmouth. Redman, Miss E. H., Tehidy Sanitorium, Camborne. Reed, Dr. J., Tregales, New Polzeath, Wadebridge. Reed, Mrs. M., Broadhanger, Froxfleld, Petersfield, Hampshire. 61 Rendell, L. W., Turlea, Stokeclimsland, Callington. Rham, The Rev. R. C, Madron Vicarage, Penzance. Richards, Mrs. A., Lake View, Tory, Ponsanooth, Truro. Richards, S. H., Vicarage Road, St. Agnes, Cornwall. Richardson, W. L., Chy-an-carn, West Hill, Wadebridge. Roberts, Miss D. W., Milton, Trevone, Padstow. *Roberts, Miss N. M., 7, Porthpean Road, St. Austell. Roberts, Miss Vere, Crossfleld, Mawnan, Falmouth. *Robson, J., Mayfield, Park Holly, Camborne. *Robson, Mrs. A. D., Mayfield, Park Holly, Camborne. * Rogers, C. T. H,, Carwinnion, Mawnan Smith, near Falmouth. Rogers, Miss E. P., Minalto, Church Street, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly. Rogers, Miss F., The Crossways, Falmouth. Rogers, J. L., C.A., J.P., Penrose, Helston. Rogers, Miss Marjorie, Milgey, Newquay. Rolt, Mrs. J. U. S., Knock Laverock, Bodmin. Roper, B. F. H., Higher Crelly, Wendron, Helston. Roseveare, C. R., St. Thomas' Road, Launceston. Roseveare, Miss I., 9, Royden Road, Launceston. Rosewarne, J. N„ Cliffside Private Hotel, Perranporth. Rosewarne, Miss I. M., Cliffside Private Hotel, Perranporth. Rougier, Mrs. F., Trerose Vean, Mawnan, Falmouth. Rowe, E. A., Barclays Bank House, Camborne. Rowe, M., Hea Cottage, Heamoor, Penzance. Rowe, W. S., 1, Ivor Close, Alderney Road, Guildford, Surrey. Ryves, Lt.-Col. B. H., Wurdwan, Mawgan, Newquay (Joint Hon. Secretary). Ryves, Mrs., Mawgan, Newquay. Ryves, Miss S. C, Scarteen, Headland Avenue, Seaford, Sussex.

Salm, Mrs. R., Tregenna, Pendarves Road, Camborne. Samuel, Miss B. F. M., 27, Yew House, Shardelers Road, London, S.E.14. Sandercock, Mrs. D. M., St. Peter's Studio, St. Ives. Sargent, H. B., 8, Bayview Terrace, Porthleven, Helston. Savage, B. F., 15, Victoria Parade, Torquay. Scoble, Miss L. W., St. Stephen's, Launceston. Seddon, Miss H., 17, The Warren, St. Ives. Sellon, Miss M. D., Windyridge, Polzeath, Wadebridge. *Semmens, R. J., Dromana, Tremorvah, Truro. *Semmens, Mrs. E. L., Dromana, Tremorvah, Truro. Sewart, Miss D., Lower Treneague, Wadebridge. Sexton, Miss, West Cornwall School, Penzance. Shaw, Mrs. I. K., Pydar, Trenance, near Newquay. Shearer, Mrs. G., Westaway, Barnstaple, N. Devon. Shenton, Mrs. C. A., The Vicarage, St. Kew, Bodmin. Sherley-Price, The Rev. L., M.A., R.N., St. Cadoc, Essa Rd., Saltash. Sherlock, A., 1, Tremelling Villa, Mt. Ambrose, Redruth. Sherlock, Mrs. J. J., 1, Tremelling Villas, Mount Ambrose, Redruth. Sherlock, T. J., 1, Tremelling Villa, Mount Ambrose, Redruth. Sherriff, B. J., " Featherwhite," South Tehidy, Camborne. Sherriff, Mrs. B. P., " Featherwhite," South Tehidy, Camborne. Simms, G. W., Little Trefewha, Praze, Camborne. Singer, Professor Charles, Kilmarth, Par. Sitwell, Mrs., Elm Cottage, Truro.

62 Skilbeck, Miss A. T., Trevanson, Wadebridge. Skinner, Miss M., St. Enodoc Golf Hotel, Rock, Wadebridge. Smith, Miss A. M., Lynn Allen, Truro. Smith, A. V., Telford, Hill Barton Road, Exeter. Smith, F. R., Telford, Hill Barton Road, Exeter. Smith, Miss M. Hill, Windmill House, St. Minver, Wadebridge. Smith, M., Bellenden, Langbank, Renfrewshire. Smith, Mrs. M. L., Bellenden, Langbank, Renfrewshire. Soper, Miss M. B„ Fiona, Rock, Wadebridge. Spenlovc-Spenlove, Mrs. B., Orchard Flower Farm, Madron, Penzance. Sprent, W., Widemouth Bridge Cottage, Marhamchurch, Bude. Stafford, Mrs., Truro Vean, Truro. Stafford, Miss P., 15, Berry Road, Newquay. Staite, Mrs. F. A., Carlidnack, Mawnan Smith, Falmouth. Stanbury, G., Daymer Bay House, Trebetherick, Wadebridge. Steele, Lieut. W., D.C.L.I., The Barracks, Bodmin. Stephens, A. R., Trelinda, Lower Redannick, Truro. Stephens, Mrs. M. S., Rosemaen, Mawnan Smith, Falmouth . Stephens, Mrs. N., Weir Cottage, Restronguet, Falmouth. Stephens, Miss R., Hayne, Newquay. Stephens, T. John, Nanslone, Mawgan, Helston. Stevens, C. J., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., 2, Gordon Ter., Lamb Park, Par. Stokes, Miss S., Tregurrian, Newquay. Stoney, Mrs. D. A., Stokelake House, Chudleigh, S. Devon. Story, P. J., 8, Alvanly Gardens, London, N.W.6. Stump, B. W., Perrose, Lantyan. Lostwithiel. Sykes, A. N., Thorpe End, Almondbury, Huddersfield.

Tamblyn, J. T., Carbeile House, Torpoint. *Tangye, D., Dorminack, St. Buryan, Penzance. Taylor, Mrs. K., Greengates, Lower Sea Lane, Charmouth, Dorset Teague, Miss K. E., Trewithen, St. Mawgan, near Newquay. Thomas, Mrs. R., Trevitho, Pentire Avenue, Newquay. Thompson, Miss M. S., M.A., Trewoon, Poldhu Cove, Mullion. Thomson, B., Overaven, Trethevy, Tintagel. Thomson, Mrs. M., Overaven, Trethevy, Tintagel. Tomlin, Miss J., Polgoon, Penzance. Trahair, Miss M. Loveday, The Cottage, Dousland, Yelverton, Devon. Tranter, Miss G. M., 2, St. Michael's Terrace, Penzance. Travers, Mrs. D. M., J.P., Gwel Meneth, Liskeard. Tregenza, C. W., The Cottage, Doulting, Shepton Mallet, Somerset. Tregenza, L. A., Faculty of Arts, Fouad 1st University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt. *Tregenza, V. L., Redenek, Barripper Road, Camborne. *Tregenza, Mrs. M. L. G., Redenek, Barripper Road, Camborne. Tregenza, W. A., Boslandew House, Paul, Penzance. Treleaven, R. B., M.B.O.U., Belle Vue, Bude. Trevethan, R. M., The Observatory, Falmouth. *Trinick, M. E. N., Newton, Lanhydrock, Bodmin. Trudgian, Miss M. E., 2, Marcus Hill, Newquay. *Tucker, T. C. J., 6, Tregoddick Cottage, Madron, near Penzance. Tully, R. W., 12, Seacroft Road, St. Budeaux, Plymouth. Tunnard, John, Tredinnick, Lamorna, Penzance. Tunnard, Mrs. M., Tredinnick, Lamorna, Penzance. 63 Turk, Dr. F. A., Ph.D., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., F.R.A.S., Shang-ri-la, Reskadinnick, Camborne. Turner, H. J., 4, Fore Street, St. Ives. Tyacke, Miss E. E., Brill, Flushing, Falmouth. *Veall, Mrs. L. E., Fore Street, St. Dennis. Venn, Mrs. G. M., The Studio, Morreps, Lelant, near St. Ives. *Vessey, Mrs. N. A. M., Weir Cottage, Restronguet. Vince, A. A. P., 14, Church Hill, Winchmore Hill, London, N.12. Visick, H. A., 7, Pydar Street, Truro. Visick, Mrs. M. P., Clayton, Perranwell Station. Vivian, Nancy, Lady, M.B.E., Windyrush, Treyarnon Bay. Vyvyan, Lady, Trelowarren, Mawgan, Helston. *Waithman, J. S., Ferry Climb, Polruan-by-Fowey. *Waithman, Mrs. R. M., Ferry Climb, Polruan-by-Fowey. Wakefield, H., The Old Rectory, Inkpen, Newbury, Berks. *Wales, Miss M., Boase Castle House, Newlyn, Penzance. Wallis, Miss D., Valley Edge, Trethevy, Tintagel. Ward, J. H., Flat 1, 43, England's Lane, London, N.W.3. Ward, Mrs. P., Pendragon Cottage, Tintagel. Ware, E. H., High Beech, Woodbury, near Exeter. Warner. G. Macd., Long Sutton, Basingstoke, Hants. Warnington, Miss E. M., Seaward, Fowey. Watkins, Miss D., Pengowan, Point, near Truro. Watts, W. S., Penvean, Manaccan, Helston. Watts, Mrs., Penvean, Manaccan, Helston. Weatherill, F. W., County Grammar School, Redruth. Weeks, Mrs. R. P., Trehayle, West Hill, Wadebridge. Welton, W. K., Little Priory, Ipplepen, near Newton Abbot. Wesley, Miss O., 4, South Parade, Penzance. Westmacott, Miss E., 13, Roydon Road, Launceston. Westrup, Miss E., Lamorna Gate, St. Buryan. Whelan, Miss E. M., 10, Coombe Villas, Saltash. *White, Lady A. B., Mullion Cottage, Bar Road, Mawnan Smith, Falmouth. *White, Miss A., Katoomba, The Crescent, Truro. White, G. P., Gwel Efan, Southern Road, Callington. White, Mrs., Gwel Efan, Southern Road, Callington. *Whittingham, Miss M., Penwarren, Crackington Haven, Bude. Wilkinson, Mrs., Windmill, St. Minver. Willcocks, Mrs. B., Little Strand, Rock, Wadebridge. Willcocks, Miss E. G., Estia, Highcliff, Polzeath, near Wadebridge. Willcocks, T. J., Tregorden, Wadebridge. Willett, Miss R. J. W., Churchtown, St. Minver, Wadebridge. Williams, Mrs. Charles, Trewidden, Buryas Bridge, Penzance. Williams, Brigadier S., Scorrier House, Redruth. Willmore, C. F., Tregwylan, St. Mawes, Falmouth. Willmore, Miss M., 4, Florence Terrace, Falmouth. Willyams, Mrs., Carnanton, St. Columb. Wills, F. H., Cliff Villa, Wadebridge. Winn, Mrs. D. G., Wincot, Church Hill, Helston. Winter, R. L., Rockmount, Hill Barton Road, Exeter. Witting, Miss M., The Cottage, Beaumont Terrace, Lincoln. Wood, Miss D. Scobell, 31, Trebarthwith Crescent, Newquay. Wood, Miss M., 25, Carminow Way, Newquay. *Wood, The Rev. E. F., Trelawne, Looe.

64 Worth, Miss V., Truvady, Boscawen Road, Falmouth.

Wright, Miss R.f Anchorage, North Parade, Falmouth. Wynn-Werninck, Lt.-Col. H. V., Old Cottage, Pentire Glaze, St. Minver. Wynn-Werninck, Mrs., Old Cottage, Pentire Glaze, St. Minver. Young, Mrs. E. A., Polventor, Condor Villas, Budock Water, near Falmouth. Youngs, R. E. S., Victoria College, Jersey.

ASSOCIATES Adams, R. G., Pathside, Lympstone, Exmouth. Smith, T. F., St. Clement.

THE COMMITTEE FOR 1955

President: Lt.-Col. Sir Edward Bolitho, K.B.E., C.B., D.S.O., J.P. Chairman: Dr. R. H. Blair Honorary Treasurer: S. A. Martyn, Esq. Joint Honorary Secretaries: Lt.-Col. B. H. Ryves Miss H. M. Quick A. G. Parsons, Esq. Committee Members: Dr. G. Allsop, The Rev. J. E. Beckerlegge, Mrs. Birtill, Mrs. Carter, Messrs. R. H. Meares, J. L. Palmer, C. J. Stevens, Mrs. Visick.

THE COMMITTEE FOR 1956

President: Lt.-Col. Sir Edward Bolitho, K.B.E., C.B., D.S.O., J.P. Chairman: Dr. R. H. Blair

Honorary Treasurer: S. A. Martyn, Esq. Joint Honorary Secretaries: Lt.-Col. B. H. Ryves Miss H. M. Quick The Rev. J. E. Beckerlegge Committee Members: Dr. G. Allsop, Mr. Bridger, Mrs. Carter, Messrs. G. H. Harvey, W. P. Kennedy, R. H. Meares, J. L. Palmer, A. G. Parsons, J. B. Southern, T. J. Stephens, S. J. Stevens, Miss Wales. 65 INDEX

How to use it. The names of birds are arranged in strict alphabetical order in the following Index to this Report, like the Telephone Directory— thus " Blue Tit " will be found under " Blue," and " Common Sand­ piper " under " Common" : there is no cross indexing, e.g., 44 Tit, Blue." The number following the name of each bird is the same as that at the left-hand margin of the pages containing records of birds : and the letters following the number, e.g., CN, are abbrevi­ ations for the different sections of the Report.

CN Cornish Notes. Pages 8—27 CAD Arrival and Departure of Cornish breeding Migrants. Pages 28 & 29 WS Walmsley Sanctuary and Camel Estuary District. Page 30 CS Cornish Seas. Pages 31 & 32 SI Scilly Isles Notes. Pages 33—38 SAD Arrival and Departure of Migrants in the Scilly Isles. Page 38 To use the Index find the name of the bird of which records are wanted: the letters following its name indicate in which sections of the Report that bird is recorded : the record in any section can then readily be found preceded by the key number. The key number is the same for any bird in all the sections being the " check-list number " from Volume V of the 11 Handbook."

American Nighthawk. 230 SI American Pectoral Sandpiper. 411 CN Arctic Skua. 493 CN CS Avocet. 451 CN

Balearic Shearwater. 356 CS Bar-tailed Godwit. 386 WS Barnacle Goose. 311 CN Bee-eater. 231 SI Bewick's Swan. 301 CN Blackbird. 184 CN Blackcap. 162 CN CAD SI SAD Black-tailed Godwit. 387 CN WS Black-headed Gull. 478 CN Black Tern. 462 CN Blue-headed Wagtail. 84 SI SAD Bonaparte's Sandpiper. 414 CN 66 Brambling. 42 CN WS British Lesser Black-backed Gull. 485 CN SAD

Carrion Crow. 3 CS Chiffchaff. 129 CAD SAD Coal Tit. 102 CN Common Buzzard. 269 CN Common Eider. 337 CN Common Heron. 289 CN Common Sandpiper. 421 CN WS Common Scoter. 339 CN Common Tern. 469 SI Corncrake. 504 CAD SAD Cory's Shearwater. 362 CS Cuckoo. 240 CN CAD SAD Curlew. 388 WS Curlew-Sandpiper. 406 CN

Dark-breasted Brent Goose. 312 CN Dunlin. 404 WS

Ferruginous Duck. 329 CN Pireerest. 128 CN Fulmar Petrel. 368 CN SI

Gadwall. 318 CN Garden-Warbler. 161 CAD Garganey. 322 CN Glaucous Gull. 487 CN Goldfinch. 20 CN Golden Oriole. 17 CN SI Golden Plover. 440 CN Goosander. 342 CN Grasshopper-Warbler. 145 CAD Great Shearwater. 360 CS Great Skua. 491 CN CS Greater Yellowshank. 427 CN Greenland Redpoll. 24 CN Greenland Wheatear. 187 CN Greenshank. 432 CN WS Green Sandpiper. 424 CN WS Grey Phalerope. 400 CN CS SI Grey Plover. 444 CN WS 67 Grey Wagtail. 89 SI Guillemot. 499 CN

Herring-Gull. 482 CN Hooded Crow. 2 CN Hoopoe. 232 CN SI House-Martin. 222 CN CAD SAD House Sparrow. 61 CN Iceland Gull. 488 CN Icterine Warbler. 155 CN

Jack Snipe. 398 WS Jackdaw. 5 SI

Kittiwake. 489 CN SI Knot. 403 WS

Leach's Fork-tailed Petrel. 351 CN CS SI Lesser Grey Shrike. 113 SI Lesser Whitethroat. 164 CN Little Auk. 502 CN Little Bittern. 296 SI Little Egret. 292 CN SI Little Grebe. 375 CN Little Gull. 477 CN Little Owl. 249 CN Little Stint. 407 CN Long-tailed Tit. Ill CN

Magpie. 7 CN Mallard. 317 CN Marsh Harrier. 271 CN Meadow Pipit. 76 CS Merlin. 262 CN Mute Swan. 302 CN

Night Heron. 295 SI Nightingale. 203 CN SI Nightjar. 227 CAD SAD

Oyster-catcher. 452 WS

Pied Fly-catcher. 123 CN Pintail 325 CN Pomatorhine Skua. 492 CN

63 Pochard. 328 CN Purple Sandpiper. 415 CN

Quail. 520 CN SI

Raven. 1 CN Red-necked Grebe. 371 CN Red-necked Phalarope. 401 CN CS Redshank. 428 WS Red-throated Diver. 379 CN Redwing. 178 CN Richard's Pipit. 73 CN Ring-Ousel. 182 SI Ringed Plover. 435 WS Rook. 4 CN Roseate Tern. 468 CN SI Ruff. 417 CN WS

Sabine's Gull. 474 CS Sand-Martin. 223 CAD SAD Sandwich Tern. 467 CN Scandinavian Lesser Black-backed Gull. 484 CN Scaup-Duck. 331 CN Sedge-Warbler. 153 CAD SAD Sheld-Duck. 315 SI Skylark. 70 CS Siskin. 21 CN SI Slavonian Grebe. 373 CN Smew. 344 CN Snow-Bunting. 59 CN WS Sooty Shearwater. 363 CS Spoonbill. 287 CN Spotted Flycatcher. 121 CN CAD Spotted Redshank. 431 CN WS Stock-Dove. 381 CN Storm-Petrel. 350 CN Swallow. 220 CN CAD Swift. 225 CN SAD

Tawny Pipit. 74 SI Tree Pipit. 75 CN Tufted Duck. 330 SI 69 Turnstone. 402 CN SI Turtle-Dove. 383 CAD SI SAD

Velvet Scoter. 340 CN

Wheatear. 186 CAD SAD Whimbrel. 389 CN WS Whinchat. 197 CAD SAD White-fronted Goose. 304 CN WS Whitethroat. 163 CAD SAD Whooper Swan. 300 CN Willow-Warbler. 132 CAD SAD Woodchat Shrike. 116 SI Wood-Sandpiper. 423 CN WS Wood Warbler. 135 CAD

Yellow Wagtail. 88 CAD SAD

70 NETHIRTON & WORTH LTD., THE COUNTY PRINTERS, TRURO