Performance Evaluation of the Tb Care Medical Specimen Transport System in Zimbabwe

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Performance Evaluation of the Tb Care Medical Specimen Transport System in Zimbabwe IMPROVING TB DIAGNOSIS: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE TB CARE MEDICAL SPECIMEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ZIMBABWE DECEMBER 2014 This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared independently by Social Impact, Inc. Cover photo: TB CARE Specimen Transport System courier, riding from laboratory to clinic Photo credit: D. Roumis, 2014 - ii - IMPROVING TB DIAGNOSIS: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE TB CARE MEDICAL SPECIMEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ZIMBABWE This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared independently by Danae Roumis, Samuel Clark, Reuben Musarandega, Roy Mutandwa, Reggie Mutetwa, and Tinashe Sande, on behalf of Social Impact, Inc. Contact: Social Impact, Inc. 2300 Clarendon Blvd., Suite 1000 Arlington, VA 22201 Danae Roumis: [email protected] December 2014 Performance Evaluation: Task Order No. AID-613-M-14-00004 TB CARE ST system: Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00020 Suggested Citation: Roumis D, Clark S, Musarandega R, Mutandwa R, Mutetwa R, Sande T. Improving TB Diagnosis: Performance Evaluation of the TB CARE Medical Specimen Transport System in Zimbabwe. USAID Evaluation, December 2014. DISCLAIMER: The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. - iii - CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. x 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ............................................................................. 1 Context ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 TB CARE Program in Zimbabwe .............................................................................................................................. 1 Medical Specimen Transport System ........................................................................................................................ 1 Evaluation Purpose & Audience ................................................................................................................................. 3 Evaluation Questions .................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................... 4 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Qualitative Data ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Quantitative Data .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Strengths and Limitations ............................................................................................................................................ 7 3. FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 8 Implementation .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Effectiveness ................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Access ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Timeliness ................................................................................................................................................................. 24 Treatment ................................................................................................................................................................ 26 Contextual Factors ................................................................................................................................................ 30 Integration ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Sustainability ................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Non-Program Districts .............................................................................................................................................. 38 4. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 40 5. RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................... 41 References .................................................................................................................................... 46 Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 49 Appendix 1: Detailed Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 50 Appendix 2: Data Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Appendix 3: Recommended Follow-on Research ............................................................................................... 67 - iv - TABLES & FIGURES TABLES TABLE 1. DISTRICTS IN ZIMBABWE, BY PROGRAM STATUS AND START DATE ........................................................... 6 TABLE 2. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................... 41 TABLE 3. QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 53 FIGURES FIGURE 1. GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE, TB CARE ST SYSTEM IN ZIMBABWE ............................................................... IX FIGURE 2. TB CARE ST SYSTEM SPECIMEN CARRIER BOX ............................................................................................ 2 FIGURE 3. DISTRICT SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................................ 6 FIGURE 4. MOTORCYCLES AT RFH HEADQUARTERS ..................................................................................................... 8 FIGURE 5. COURIER SAFETY GEAR .................................................................................................................................... 9 FIGURE 6. TB CARE ST SYSTEM COURIER MOTORCYCLE .......................................................................................... 10 FIGURE 7. SPUTUMS COLLECTED & TB RESULTS RETURNED: MAJOR CITIES, SINCE 2010 ....................................... 11 FIGURE 8. SPUTUMS COLLECTED & TB RESULTS RETURNED: OLDER DISTRICTS, SINCE 2012 ................................ 11 FIGURE 9. SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF ST SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ........................................ 12 FIGURE 10. COURIER PACKS CARRIER BOX AND TRAY USING GLOVES SUPPLIED BY CLINICS ................................. 13 FIGURE 11. COURIER MOTORCYCLE WITHOUT ADEQUATE CARRIER BOX ............................................................... 13 FIGURE 12. CARRIER BOXES OF VARYING SIZES ............................................................................................................. 14 FIGURE 13. SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF ST SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS .......................................................................... 15 FIGURE 14. COURIER MOTORCYCLE HOUSED AT DISTRICT HOSPITAL ...................................................................... 15 FIGURE 15. SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT: CHANGE IN CLINIC SPUTUM COLLECTION .................................................. 17 FIGURE 16. TB SUSPECTS EXAMINED WITH SSM FOR DIAGNOSIS (DISTRICTS), 2008-2014 .................................. 19 FIGURE 17. TB SUSPECTS EXAMINED WITH SSM FOR DIAGNOSIS (PROVINCES), 2008-2014 ................................ 20 FIGURE 18. SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT: CHANGE IN TB SMEAR NOT DONE ............................................................... 21 FIGURE 19. CASES OF TB SMEAR NOT DONE (DISTRICTS), 2008-2014 ................................................................... 22 FIGURE 20. CASES OF TB SMEAR NOT DONE (PROVINCES), 2008-2014 ................................................................. 23 FIGURE 21. SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT: CHANGE IN LOST TO FOLLOW-UP ................................................................ 27 FIGURE 22. CURE RATE AND TREATMENT COMPLETION RATE (DISTRICTS),
Recommended publications
  • Wfp.Org/Hunger‐AnalyCs‐Hub)
    FOOD SECURITY AND MARKETS MONITORING REPORT April 2021 17 April 2021 Contents Highlights ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Update on the COVID‐19 Situaon ....................................................................................................... 4 Macro‐Economic Situaon ................................................................................................................... 5 Food and Nutrion Security Situaon ................................................................................................... 6 Market Performance Update ............................................................................................................... 8 Food Commodity Prices in Foreign Currency (US$ terms) .............................................................................. 8 Rural markets – review of availability and prices in Zimbabwe dollars (ZWL) ............................................... 9 Urban markets – review of availability and prices in Zimbabwe dollars (ZWL) ............................................ 10 Recommendaons .............................................................................................................................. 11 Annex 1: Markets sample and data collecon……………………………………………………………………………...13 Annex 2: Urban Districts Maize Grain Prices ………………………………………………………………………………..13 Annex 3: Rural Districts Maize Grain Prices ………………………………………………………………………………....13 Annex 4:
    [Show full text]
  • Year Ending December 31, 2009 Estimates of Expenditure
    ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2009 SUMMARY CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY APPROPRIATIONS 2009 BUDGET ESTIMATES No. Title Page Amount Amount Amount Z$ US$ ZAR I. President and Cabinet 28 416,000 20,800 213,512 II. Parliament of Zimbabwe 28 548,000 27,400 281,261 III. Public Service 28 2,367,937,520 118,396,876 1,215,343,932 IV. Audit 29 320,000 16,000 164,240 V. Finance 29 20,000,000 34,495,061 10,265,000 VI. Justice and Legal Affairs 29 19,990,000 999,500 10,259,868 $2,409,211,520 $153,955,637 R1,236,527,813 DETAILED STATEMENT CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY APPROPRIATIONS I. PRESIDENT $416 000 Salary and allowances 416,000 20,800 213,512 (Section 31A (1) of the Constitution as read with Chapter 2:06) II. PARLIAMENT OF ZIMBABWE $548 000 Salary and allowances 548,000 27,400 281,261 (Section 45 (1) of the Constitution as read with Chapter 2:06) III. PUBLIC SERVICE $2 367 937 520 State Service, Judges and Ministerial and Parliamentary pensions and other benefits 1,233,670,340 61,683,517 633,181,302 (Section 112 of the Constitution (Paragraph 1 (4) of Schedule 6) as read with Chapter 2:02; Chapter 7:08; Chapter 16:01; Chapter 16:06 and S.I. 124 of 1992) Refunds of contributions 300,000 15,000 153,975 (Section 112 of the Constitution (Paragraph 1 (4) of Schedule 6) as read with Chapter 16:06) Commutation of pensions 780,160 39,008 400,417 Awards under Pensions (Supplementary) Acts 131,120 6,556 67,297 (Section 6 of Act No.
    [Show full text]
  • PARKS and WILD LIFE ACT Acts 14/1975, 42/1976 (S
    TITLE 20 TITLE 20 Chapter 20:14 PREVIOUS CHAPTER PARKS AND WILD LIFE ACT Acts 14/1975, 42/1976 (s. 39), 48/1976 (s. 82), 4/1977, 22/1977, 19/1978, 5/1979, 4/1981 (s. 19), 46/1981, 20/1982 (s.19 and Part XXVI), 31/1983, 11/1984, 35/1985, 8/1988 (s. 164), 1/1990, 11/1991 (s. 24), 22/1992 (s. 14); 19/2001; 22/2001; 13/2002. R.G.Ns 1135/1975, 52/1977, 126/1979, 294/1979, 265/1979, 294/1979, 748/1979; S.Is 675/1979, 632/1980, 640/1980, 704/1980, 773/1980, 781/1980, 786/1980, 139/1981, 140/1981, 181/1981, 183/1981, 639/1981, 860/1981, 139/1982, 140/1982, 337/1983, 454/1983, 123/1991 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short title. 2. Interpretation. PART II PARKS AND WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY 3. Establishment of Parks and Wild Life Management Authority. 4. Functions of Parks and Wild Life Management Authority. 5. Establishment and composition of Parks and Wild Life Management Authority Board. 6. Minister may give Board policy directions. 7. Minister may direct Board to reverse, suspend or rescind its decisions or actions. 8. Execution of contracts and instruments by Authority. 9. Reports of Authority. 10. Appointment and functions of Director-General and Directors of Authority. 11. Appointment of other staff of Authority. PART IIA FINANCIAL PROVISIONS 12. Funds of Authority. 13. Financial year of Authority. 14. Annual programmes and budgets of Authority. 15. Investment of moneys not immediately required by Authority. 16. Accounts of Authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Mm. ZIMBABWEAN
    i ; • .» R mM. ZIMBABWEAN .1' 1 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE Published bv Authoritv '.rb % V f Vol. LXXXV, No. 84 7th DECEMBER, 2007 Price $250 000,00 General Notice 248 of 2007. CHANGI£ OF NAME I STATE PROCUREMENT BOARD TAKE notice that, on the 27th day ot November. 2007. Emmanuel Tenders Invited Miichabaiwa(born on 4th .August. 1978) appeared before me. Blessing Chadyiwa, a legal practitioner and notaiy public, and changed his j- TENDERS must be enclosed in sealed envelopes, endorsed on the outside with the I '’“me tO Emmanuel Mupanduki.—Blessing Chadyi wit. c/oChadyiwa ad\ ertised lender number, description, closing dale and must be posted in tim*e to be & Associates, 166, Chinhoyi Street, Harare. , .4126711 sorted into Post OtTice Box Numlwr CY 408. Causeway or delixcred by hand to the Principal OtTicer, State Procurement Hoard. Fifth Floor, Old Reserve Bank Budding, CHANGEOF NAME Samora Machel Avenue. Harare, before 10.00 a.m. on the closing date. TAKE notice that, on tjie 27th day of November. 2007, Richard S. MLITANHAURWA, Muchabaiwa (born on 30ih November, 1968) appeared before me. 7-12-2007. Acting Principal Officer, Stale PnKurcmeni Board. Blessing Chadyiwa. a legal practitioner and notary public, and Tender itumher changed his name to Richard Mupanduki.—Blessing Chadyiwa. c/o Chadyiwa & Associates, 166. Chinhoyi Street, Harare. 312672f RDS.8 of2007. The provision of security guard services to Ministry of Transport and Communications Department of Roads for CHANGE OF NAME the period 1st January, 2008 to 31st December. 2008. Documents are obtainable from the Secretary for Transport TAKE notice that, on the 30th day of November, 2007, Modester and Communicati6ns, Room 88, Seventeenth.Floor, Kaguvi Tsumele (born on 28th March.
    [Show full text]
  • ZIMBABWE COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
    ZIMBABWE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 13 July 2012 ZIMBABWE 13 JULY 2012 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN ZIMBABWE FROM 7 JUNE 2012 TO 13 JULY 2012 Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON ZIMBABWE PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 7 JUNE AND 13 JULY 2012 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Public holidays ..................................................................................................... 1.06 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.07 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 Remittances .......................................................................................................... 2.12 Military involvement in the economy ................................................................. 2.17 Sanctions .............................................................................................................. 2.18 3. HISTORY (19TH CENTURY TO 2010) ............................................................................. 3.01 Matabeleland massacres 1983 - 87 (aka ‘Gurkurahundi’) ................................. 3.03 ZANU-PF win 1990s elections ............................................................................. 3.07 Land reform and War Veterans: 1990-97 ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 36571 21-6 Roadcarrierp
    Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA June Vol. 576 Pretoria, 21 2013 Junie No. 36571 PART 1 OF 3 N.B. The Government Printing Works will not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes AIDS HELPLINE: 0800-0123-22 Prevention is the cure 302509—A 36571—1 2 No. 36571 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 21 JUNE 2013 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Government Printing Works will not be held responsible for faxed documents not received due to errors on the fax machine or faxes received which are unclear or incomplete. Please be advised that an “OK” slip, received from a fax machine, will not be accepted as proof that documents were received by the GPW for printing. If documents are faxed to the GPW it will be the senderʼs respon- sibility to phone and confirm that the documents were received in good order. Furthermore the Government Printing Works will also not be held responsible for cancellations and amendments which have not been done on original documents received from clients. CONTENTS INHOUD Page Gazette Bladsy Koerant No. No. No. No. No. No. Transport, Department of Vervoer, Departement van Cross Border Road Transport Agency: Oorgrenspadvervoeragentskap aansoek- Applications for permits:.......................... permitte: .................................................. Menlyn..................................................... 3 36571 Menlyn..................................................... 3 36571 Applications concerning Operating Aansoeke
    [Show full text]
  • 0123 526789 07 7
    Association for Safe International Road Travel Road Safety Review: Zimbabwe Know Before You Go Driving Culture Driving is on the left. • Speeding is common. Driving after dark is not recommended. • Even at roadways with signals, do not Nighttime road dangers increase with alcohol use, wildlife on roadways assume drivers approaching from other and obscured road hazards including potholes. directions will stop. Drivers are required to carry their national driving license, an • Be alert to pedestrians walking on or along International Driving Permit (IDP), passport, registration documents unlit roadways; dark clothing is common. and proof of insurance. • Cars may be in poor condition and National driving license and IDP are good for up to 90 days. lack basic safety features including Seat belt use is compulsory for drivers and front seat passengers. For headlights, tail lights, adequate brakes or personal safety, seat belt use is recommended for all occupants. turn signals. Blood alcohol limit is below 0.08%; enforcement is low. Vehicle window “smash and grab” crimes frequently occur at traffic • Drink driving increases significantly at lights and intersections. night and on weekends. There are 28.2 road deaths per 100,000 people in Zimbabwe, compared • Drivers should be aware of loose animals to 2.8 in Sweden and 2.9 in the UK. on roadways. Road Conditions • There are a total of 97,267 km (60,439 miles) of roads. • 18,481 km (11,483 miles) are paved; 78,786 km (48,955 miles) are unpaved. • Many roads are in poor condition with deep potholes or broken surfaces. • In some areas, local residents have filled large potholes with stones or loose rubble, adding to the possibility of skidding.
    [Show full text]
  • Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War
    Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War Edited by NGWABI BHEBE Professor of History University of Zimbabwe TERENCE RANGER Rhodes Professor of Race Relations University of Oxford JAMES CURREY London HEINEMANN Portsmouth, N.H. UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE PUBLICATIONS Harare '7 James Currey Ltd Heinemann University of Zimbabwe Publications 54b Thornhill Square A division of Reed Elsevier Inc. - P.O. Box MP 203 Islington 361 Hanover Street Mount Pleasant London N1 IBE Portsmouth, NH 03801-3912 Harare All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review ISBN 0-85255-659-4 (James Currey cloth) ISBN 0-85255-609-8 James Currey paper) ISBN 0-435-08974-9 (Heinemann cloth) ISBN 0-435-08972-2 (Heinemann paper) ISBN 0-908307-36-5 (University of Zimbabwe Publications) © N. Bhebe and T. Ranger 1995 123459998979695 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War. I. Bhebe, Ngwabi II Ranger, T.O. IH. Series 968.9104 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on the Zimbabwe Liberation War (1991: University of Zimbabwe) Soldiers in Zimbabwe's liberation war / edited by Ngwabi Bhebe and Terence Ranger. p. cm. -Chiefly papers presented at the International Conference on the Zimbabwe Liberation War held at the University of Zimbabwe in Harare, July 8- 12, 1991. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-435-08974-9 (Heinemann).
    [Show full text]
  • 11.30 Am., Arrive Mnyangane Irrigation 7.10 P.M.; Tlieservice to Operate As Follows— (B) Depart Mnyangane Irrigation Monday and Sunday Route 2: Ca , "
    : 3 G ( | _ Published by Authority + Vol. LXII, No 71 - oo 22nd NOVEMBER, 1985 Price 30c 2 bay General Notice 708 of 1985. (b) depart Bulawayo Friday and Sunday 8.30 am., arrive Mnyangane 4.10 p.m.; ROADMOTOR TRANSPORTATION ACT [CHAPTER 262] (c) depart Mnyangane Monday, Thursday and Saturday 4.55 am., arrive Bulawayo 12.30 p.m. : . Applications in Connexion with Road Service Permits - Mucheche Investments (Pvt) Ltd. “ . ° IN terms of subsection (4) of-section 7 of the Road Motor gent Permit: 20501. Motor-omnibus. Passenger-capacity: Transportation Act [Chapter 262], notice is hereby given that the applications detailed in the Schedule, for the issue or Route 1: Harare - Arcturus Mine - Goromonzi - Graseley - amendment of road ‘service permits, have been received for Mwanza School - Mutoko Kraal. the consideration of the Controller of Road Motor Transporta- Route 2: Harare - James Farm - Goromonzi - Arcturus - tion. : . ‘ a Graseley - Mwanza School - Mutoko Kraal. - Anyperson wishing to object to any such application must By:. , oe lodge with the Controller of Road Motor Transportation, P.O. Box 8332, Causeway— > Route 1:.Deletion of route. (a) a notice, in writing, of his intention to object, so as to Route 2: ; . reach the Controller’s: office not later than the 13th (a) Extension of route from Mutoko Kraal - Oribi Store. December, ‘1985; (b) Introduction of route stages: Ruwa and Chibamu. (b) his objection and the grounds therefor, on form R.M.T. (c} Alteration to times. 24, together with two copies. thereof, so as to reach the - (d) Increase in frequencies. Controller’s office not later-than the 3rd January, 1986.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Scale Mining and Development Within the SADC Region
    Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development August 2001 No. 84 Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development within the SADC Region Bernd Dreschler Santren/ITDG This report was commissioned by the MMSD project of IIED. It remains the sole Copyright © 2002 IIED and WBCSD. All rights reserved responsibility of the author(s) and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Mining, Minerals and MMSD project, Assurance Group or Sponsors Group, or those of IIED or WBCSD. Sustainable Development is Sections of this report have been edited by an MMSD editor. a project of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). The project was made possible by the support of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). IIED is a company limited by guarantee and incorporated in England. Reg. No. 2188452. VAT Reg. No. GB 440 4948 50. Registered Charity No. 800066 Contents Summary and Conclusions................................................................................................5 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................5 The Nature of the Small-scale Mining Sector within Southern Africa ...........................................5 Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development ...........................................................................8 Support Programmes and Success Stories .........................................................................................8 Conclusions and
    [Show full text]
  • List of Tables and Figures Abbreviations and Acronyms
    iv Penetrating state and business: Organised crime in Southern Africa Executive summary v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS PREFACE CHAPTER 1: ZIMBABWE Figure 1: The member states of SADC vi AG Auditor General CSC Cold Storage Commission CHAPTER 1 DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo Figure 1: Syndicate 1 structure and composition 7 MDM Movement for Democratic Change Figure 1: Syndicate 2 structure and composition 8 MMCZ Minerals Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe NOCZIM National Oil Company of Zimbabwe CHAPTER 2 NSSA National Social Security Authority Table 1: Number of stolen vehicles per year, 1998–1999 59 Palermo Convention United Nations Convention Against Transnational Table 2: Distribution of motor vehicle theft across the country 59 Organised Crime Table 3: Botswana police report drug analysis 62 PTC Posts and Telecommunications Corporation TIPs Temporary Import Permits CHAPTER 3 ZANU (PF) Zimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic Front) Table 1: Vehicle hijackings, 1996–1999 103 ZDF Zimbabwe Defence Force ZDI Zimbabwe Defence Industries ZMDC Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation CHAPTER 2: BOTSWANA CBC Commonwealth Business Council CTB Central Tender Board DCEC Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime FAP Financial Assistance Programme ICT Information communication technology SADC Southern African Development Community CHAPTER 3: SOUTH AFRICA AFF advance fee fraud DCS Department of Correctional Services DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo NGO non-governmental organisation SAPS South African Police Service
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe News, Vol. 27, No. 6
    Zimbabwe News, Vol. 27, No. 6 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.nuzn199605 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Zimbabwe News, Vol. 27, No. 6 Alternative title Zimbabwe News Author/Creator Zimbabwe African National Union Publisher Zimbabwe African National Union (Harare, Zimbabwe) Date 1996-05-00 Resource type Magazines (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Zimbabwe, South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1996 Source Northwestern University Libraries, L968.91005 Z711 v.27 Rights By kind permission of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front. Description Comment: Prison conditions. Cover Story: Prison conditions deplored.
    [Show full text]