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Small Scale Mining and Development Within the SADC Region

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Small Scale Mining and Development Within the SADC Region Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development August 2001 No. 84 Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development within the SADC Region Bernd Dreschler Santren/ITDG This report was commissioned by the MMSD project of IIED. It remains the sole Copyright © 2002 IIED and WBCSD. All rights reserved responsibility of the author(s) and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Mining, Minerals and MMSD project, Assurance Group or Sponsors Group, or those of IIED or WBCSD. Sustainable Development is Sections of this report have been edited by an MMSD editor. a project of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). The project was made possible by the support of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). IIED is a company limited by guarantee and incorporated in England. Reg. No. 2188452. VAT Reg. No. GB 440 4948 50. Registered Charity No. 800066 Contents Summary and Conclusions................................................................................................5 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................5 The Nature of the Small-scale Mining Sector within Southern Africa ...........................................5 Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development ...........................................................................8 Support Programmes and Success Stories .........................................................................................8 Conclusions and Recommendations................................................................................................15 Introduction and Definitions ............................................................................................20 Global Artisanal and Small-scale Mining.........................................................................21 Small-scale Mining in Southern Africa ............................................................................................21 Terms of Reference ...........................................................................................................................22 Study Methodology ...........................................................................................................................23 Selection of Target Countries...........................................................................................................24 Constraints and Limitations..............................................................................................................24 Malawi..........................................................................................................................26 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................26 Mining Methods and Timing ..........................................................................................................26 Involvement of Women and Children in SSM Activities ...............................................................27 Where Minerals are Currently Mined..............................................................................................27 Purification Methods.........................................................................................................................29 Marketing Arrangements...................................................................................................................30 Financing Schemes for Small-scale Miners .....................................................................................30 Environmental Monitoring...............................................................................................................31 Sustainable Development Issues.......................................................................................................31 Technical Assistance Projects............................................................................................................31 Nature of Interaction between Small-scale Mining Operations ....................................................31 Approaches and Strategies in the Management of Small-scale Mining in Malawi........................32 Lessons Learnt....................................................................................................................................32 Ways Forward to Sustainable Small-scale Mining in Malawi.........................................................33 Legislative and Institutional Arrangements......................................................................................34 Laws Governing Small-scale Mining in Malawi..............................................................................34 Mining and Environmental Policy and Law ....................................................................................34 Small-scale Mining Organizations ...................................................................................................35 References ..........................................................................................................................................35 Mozambique ..................................................................................................................36 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................36 Study Methodology ...........................................................................................................................37 Previous Work in Mozambique........................................................................................................37 Nature of the Sector ..........................................................................................................................38 Mining Methods................................................................................................................................39 Processing and Beneficiation Methods ............................................................................................40 Gemstone Processing Methods ........................................................................................................43 Gold ....................................................................................................................................................45 The Gemstone Market ......................................................................................................................47 2 Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development within the SADC Region Legal Framework in Mozambique....................................................................................................48 Small-scale Mining Organizations ...................................................................................................50 Financing Schemes ............................................................................................................................50 Technical Assistance Projects............................................................................................................51 Interaction between Large- and Small-scale Mining.......................................................................52 Scope for Environmental Technology and Impact Assessment .....................................................53 Scope for Sustainable Development.................................................................................................56 Authority Structures in Mining Communities................................................................................57 Small-scale Mining: Gender and Child Labour ..............................................................................58 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................61 Bibliography.......................................................................................................................................61 Tanzania.......................................................................................................................63 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................63 Characterization of the Nature and Extent of Small-scale Mining in Tanzania ...........................65 Participation of Women.....................................................................................................................66 Child Labour in Mines......................................................................................................................67 Government Strategies for Addressing Women and Children Issues in Mining..........................69 Numbers Involved and Minerals Mined .........................................................................................69 Purification Methods and Waste Disposal .......................................................................................74 Abatement of Mercury Using EnTA................................................................................................77 Review of Legislative and Institutional Arrangements ....................................................................78 Other Relevant Legislation................................................................................................................79
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