MINING in NATIONAL FORESTS Protection of Surface Resources 1
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Mining Law Review
The Mining Law Review Fifth Edition Editor Erik Richer La FlÈche Law Business Research The Mining Law Review Fifth Edition Editor Erik Richer La FlÈche Law Business Research Ltd PUBLISHER Gideon Roberton SENIOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER Nick Barette BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER Thomas Lee SENIOR ACCOUNT MANAGERS Felicity Bown, Joel Woods ACCOUNT MANAGERS Jessica Parsons, Jesse Rae Farragher MARKETING COORDINATOR Rebecca Mogridge EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Gavin Jordan HEAD OF PRODUCTION Adam Myers PRODUCTION EDITOR Claire Ancell SUBEDITOR Janina Godowska CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Paul Howarth Published in the United Kingdom by Law Business Research Ltd, London 87 Lancaster Road, London, W11 1QQ, UK © 2016 Law Business Research Ltd www.TheLawReviews.co.uk No photocopying: copyright licences do not apply. The information provided in this publication is general and may not apply in a specific situation, nor does it necessarily represent the views of authors’ firms or their clients. Legal advice should always be sought before taking any legal action based on the information provided. The publishers accept no responsibility for any acts or omissions contained herein. Although the information provided is accurate as of October 2016, be advised that this is a developing area. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to Law Business Research, at the address above. Enquiries concerning editorial content should be directed to the Publisher – [email protected] ISBN 978-1-910813-30-0 Printed in Great Britain by Encompass Print Solutions, -
West Virginia's Forests
West Virginia’s Forests Growing West Virginia’s Future Prepared By Randall A. Childs Bureau of Business and Economic Research College of Business and Economics West Virginia University June 2005 This report was funded by a grant from the West Virginia Division of Forestry using funds received from the USDA Forest Service Economic Action Program. Executive Summary West Virginia, dominated by hardwood forests, is the third most heavily forested state in the nation. West Virginia’s forests are increasing in volume and maturing, with 70 percent of timberland in the largest diameter size class. The wood products industry has been an engine of growth during the last 25 years when other major goods-producing industries were declining in the state. West Virginia’s has the resources and is poised for even more growth in the future. The economic impact of the wood products industry in West Virginia exceeds $4 billion dollars annually. While this impact is large, it is not the only impact on the state from West Virginia’s forests. Other forest-based activities generate billions of dollars of additional impacts. These activities include wildlife-associated recreation (hunting, fishing, wildlife watching), forest-related recreation (hiking, biking, sightseeing, etc.), and the gathering and selling of specialty forest products (ginseng, Christmas trees, nurseries, mushrooms, nuts, berries, etc.). West Virginia’s forests also provide millions of dollars of benefits in improved air and water quality along with improved quality of life for West Virginia residents. There is no doubt that West Virginia’s forests are a critical link to West Virginia’s future. -
Education Roadmap for Mining Professionals
Education Roadmap for Mining Professionals December 2002 Mining Industry of the Future Mining Industry of the Future Education Roadmap for Mining Professionals FOREWORD In June 1998, the Chairman of the National Mining Association and the Secretary of Energy entered into a compact to pursue a collaborative technology research partnership, the Mining Industry of the Future. Following the compact signing, the mining industry developed The Future Begins with Mining: A Vision of the Mining Industry of the Future. That document, completed in September 1998, describes a positive and productive vision of the U.S. mining industry in the year 2020. It also establishes long-term goals for the industry. One of those goals is: "Improved Communication and Education: Attract the best and the brightest by making careers in the mining industry attractive and promising. Educate the public about the successes in the mining industry of the 21st century and remind them that everything begins with mining." Using the Vision as guidance, the Mining Industry of the Future is developing roadmaps to guide it in achieving industry’s goals. This document represents the roadmap for education in the U.S. mining industry. It was developed based on the results of an Education Roadmap Workshop sponsored by the National Mining Association in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Industrial Technologies. The Workshop was held February 23, 2002 in Phoenix, Arizona. Participants at the workshop included individuals from universities, the mining industry, government agencies, and research laboratories. They are listed below: Workshop Participants: Dr. -
Renewables for Mining in Africa
Renewables for Mining in Africa © 2020 Bird & Bird All Rights Reserved | 1 A few figures Report resulting from the conference held on 29 January 2020 at Bird & Bird in Paris Introduction by Boris Martor, Partner Africa currently accounts for 15% of global mining expenditure, which remains low in relation to the continent’s resources. Mining is therefore set to expand in the coming years. Africa’s power generation capacity is 80 GW, of which 40GW is in South Africa and 23 GW is allocated to mining projects, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, about 50% of the electricity production in Sub-Saharan Africa is generated by the mining sector. In addition, the cost of electricity generation in a mining project is between 10 and 35% of the project cost. Thus, the weight of the mining industry in the African energy landscape is very important and the needs are growing as mining exploitation increases. Moreover, in the mining sector, there is a permanent risk of energy blackouts. Indeed, mining industries have an increased dependency on energy. A temporary or more longer term loss of power would have strong financial implications. Renewable energy infrastructures, such as mini-grids, are now being considered as an answer to all this. What is a mini-grid? An integrated energy systems consisting of a group interconnected Distribution Energy Ressources (like Production sources, PV, Genset, along with energy Storage to control some Controllable Loads) with clearly defined electrical Boundaries. • To increase resiliency • To manage Site energy Consumption -
Chapter 11 Applications of Ore Microscopy in Mineral Technology
CHAPTER 11 APPLICATIONS OF ORE MICROSCOPY IN MINERAL TECHNOLOGY 11.1 INTRODUCTION The extraction of specific valuable minerals from their naturally occurring ores is variously termed "ore dressing," "mineral dressing," and "mineral beneficiation." For most metalliferous ores produced by mining operations, this extraction process is an important intermediatestep in the transformation of natural ore to pure metal. Although a few mined ores contain sufficient metal concentrations to require no beneficiation (e.g., some iron ores), most contain relatively small amounts of the valuable metal, from perhaps a few percent in the case ofbase metals to a few parts per million in the case ofpre cious metals. As Chapters 7, 9, and 10ofthis book have amply illustrated, the minerals containing valuable metals are commonly intergrown with eco nomically unimportant (gangue) minerals on a microscopic scale. It is important to note that the grain size of the ore and associated gangue minerals can also have a dramatic, and sometimes even limiting, effect on ore beneficiation. Figure 11.1 illustrates two rich base-metal ores, only one of which (11.1b) has been profitably extracted and processed. The McArthur River Deposit (Figure I 1.1 a) is large (>200 million tons) and rich (>9% Zn), but it contains much ore that is so fine grained that conventional processing cannot effectively separate the ore and gangue minerals. Consequently, the deposit remains unmined until some other technology is available that would make processing profitable. In contrast, the Ruttan Mine sample (Fig. 11.1 b), which has undergone metamorphism, is relativelycoarsegrained and is easily and economically separated into high-quality concentrates. -
Mining Law Trends
Denver Law Review Volume 54 Issue 2 Article 13 February 2021 Mining Law Trends H. Byron Mock Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/dlr Recommended Citation H. Byron Mock, Mining Law Trends, 54 Denv. L.J. 567 (1977). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Denver Law Review at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. MINING LAW TRENDS By H. BYRON MOCK* INTRODUCTION Bob Clark, Phil Hoff, and two other colleagues included a fine and well-reasoned caveat in the report of the Public Land Law Review commission.' I have too much respect for their opin- ions to challenge them without quite a bit of thought. However, they adopt the basic premise that the Mineral Lands Leasing System is so good that it will accomplish all things. Mineral leasing will supposedly fill our need for energy and resource devel- opment, provide for the opportunity for the creation of new wealth, and make it economically possible to develop new mines. But it just isn't so. The Mining Law of 18722 is so continually under this kind of attack, there must be something good about it.3 How else can we * Partner in Mock, Shearer, and Carling and President, Mineral Records, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah. PUBLIC LAND LAW REVIEW COMMISSION, ONE THIRD OF THE NATION'S LAND 130, 132 (1970) [hereinafter cited as PLLRC REPORT]. -
Productivity and Costs by Industry: Manufacturing and Mining
For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, April 29, 2021 USDL-21-0725 Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/lpc Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • [email protected] PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING AND MINING INDUSTRIES – 2020 Labor productivity rose in 41 of the 86 NAICS four-digit manufacturing industries in 2020, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The footwear industry had the largest productivity gain with an increase of 14.5 percent. (See chart 1.) Three out of the four industries in the mining sector posted productivity declines in 2020, with the greatest decline occurring in the metal ore mining industry with a decrease of 6.7 percent. Although more mining and manufacturing industries recorded productivity gains in 2020 than 2019, declines in both output and hours worked were widespread. Output fell in over 90 percent of detailed industries in 2020 and 87 percent had declines in hours worked. Seventy-two industries had declines in both output and hours worked in 2020. This was the greatest number of such industries since 2009. Within this set of industries, 35 had increasing labor productivity. Chart 1. Manufacturing and mining industries with the largest change in productivity, 2020 (NAICS 4-digit industries) Output Percent Change 15 Note: Bubble size represents industry employment. Value in the bubble Seafood product 10 indicates percent change in labor preparation and productivity. Sawmills and wood packaging preservation 10.7 5 Animal food Footwear 14.5 0 12.2 Computer and peripheral equipment -9.6 9.9 -5 Cut and sew apparel Communications equipment -9.5 12.7 Textile and fabric -10 10.4 finishing mills Turbine and power -11.0 -15 transmission equipment -10.1 -20 -9.9 Rubber products -14.7 -25 Office furniture and Motor vehicle parts fixtures -30 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 Hours Worked Percent Change Change in productivity is approximately equal to the change in output minus the change in hours worked. -
Modern Mining Needs a Modern Mining Law
EARTHWORKS FACTSHEET Modern Mining Needs a Modern Mining Law Pollution and Taxpayer Liability at Modern Mines Demonstrate that the Existing Patchwork of Laws does not Adequately Protect Communities and their Water The hardrock mining industry argues that pollution from mines result almost entirely from historic operations. “Modern” mines, the industry argues, are governed by numerous statutes and regulations and are environmentally responsible, problem-free operations.1 Unfortunately, the assertion that that all modern mines are clean, is simply not true. Consider: • A 2006 peer-reviewed study of modern mines revealed that more than 75% of the mines reviewed exceeded water quality standards.2 • At least 16 modern mines have gone bankrupt.3 • Unfunded taxpayer liability at currently operating mines probably exceeds $12 billion.4 It is true that historic mining polluted and continues to pollute rivers, streams and aquifers. Until 1976, there were no federal regulations written specifically to govern hardrock mining operations on publicly owned land. But, it is also clear from the issues at modern mines that the patchwork of laws that govern hardrock mining operations are not enough to ensure that western watersheds and communities are protected. Mines that began operations in the past three decades – three decades in which the mining industry was governed by modern environmental laws – have spilled cyanide, killed aquatic life, caused pollution that will require treatment in perpetuity and burdened the taxpayers with enormous liabilities. Many Modern Mines Exceed Current Water Quality Standards In order to be permitted, a proposed mine must predict that it will comply with applicable environmental standards. At the time they are permitted, all modern mining operations predict that they will comply with applicable standards during and after mining operations. -
EPA's National Hardrock Mining Framework
EPA’s National Hardrock Mining Framework U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4203) 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 HARDROCK MINING FRAMEWORK September 1997 September 1997 HARDROCK MINING FRAMEWORK Table of Contents 1.0 Purpose and Organization of the Framework ...................................1 1.1 Purpose of the Hardrock Mining Framework ..............................1 1.2 Why Develop an EPA National Mining Framework Now? ....................1 1.2.1 Need For Program Integration ...................................1 1.2.2 The Environmental Impacts of Mining .............................1 1.3 Goals of EPA’s Mining Framework .....................................3 1.4 Guide to the Framework ..............................................3 2.0 Current Status ..........................................................3 2.1 Overview of Regulatory Framework for Mining ............................3 2.2 EPA Statutory Authority .............................................4 2.3 Partnerships .......................................................6 3.0 Improving How We Do Business ...........................................7 3.1 Key Considerations .................................................7 3.2 Recommendations ..................................................8 4.0 Implementation Actions .................................................10 4.1 Putting the Framework into Action .....................................10 4.2 Next Steps .......................................................11 5.0 Introduction to the Appendices -
Manufacturing and Mining
CHAPTER 03 Manufacturing and Mining 3.1 Introduction a result, this sector started picking up its growth Manufacturing is the second largest sector of the and contributed in overall economic growth. economy accounting for 13.6 percent of Gross The overall manufacturing sector continued to Domestic Product (GDP). This sectors mainly maintain its growth momentum with more vigor comprises textile industry, engineering goods and during the current fiscal year. Manufacturing sub industry, agro based industry, chemical industry component of industrial sector recorded an and small & medium enterprises. This sector impressive growth of 5.0 percent against 3.9 provides employment opportunities of 15.3 percent of last year which helped overall percent to the total labor force. industrial sector to improve by 6.8 percent against Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) at 10.9 percent 4.8 percent last year. of GDP dominates the overall sector, accounting The Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) during for 80 percent of the sectoral share followed by July-March FY 2016 registered a growth of 4.70 Small Scale Manufacturing, which accounts for percent as compared to 2.81 percent in the same 1.8 percent of total GDP. The third component of period last year. On Year on Year (YoY), LSM the sector is slaughtering and accounts for 0.9 grew by 6.75 percent in March 2016 compared to percent of overall GDP. 5.80 percent of March 2015. The production data The growth of this sector is contingent on better of Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) received availability of utility services, enabling from the Oil Companies Advisory Committee environment, credit to private sector, Foreign (OCAC) comprising 11 items, Ministry of Direct Investment (FDI), capital market gains etc. -
U.S. Mining Industry Energy Bandwidth Study
Contents Executive Summary.................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................5 2. Background ..................................................................................................................7 2.1 Mining Industry Energy Sources ...................................................................................7 2.2 Materials Mined and Recovery Ratio ............................................................................7 2.3 Mining Methods.............................................................................................................8 3. Mining Equipment.......................................................................................................9 3.1 Extraction.....................................................................................................................10 3.2 Materials Handling Equipment....................................................................................11 3.3 Beneficiation & Processing Equipment.......................................................................12 4. Bandwidth Calculation Methodology ......................................................................13 4.1 Method for Determining Current Mining Energy Consumption .................................14 4.2 Best Practice, Practical Minimum, and Theoretical Minimum Energy Consumption 16 4.3 Factoring -
Minemtlmber MARKET in the Appalachian Bituminous Coal Region
A ~ookat the MINEmTlMBER MARKET in the Appalachian Bituminous Coal Region 1 by Robert Knutron U.S.D.A. FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER NE-147 1970 NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION, UPPER DARBY, PA. FOREST SERVICE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RICHARD D. LANE. DIRECTOR THE AUTHOR ROBERT G. KNUTSON, received his bachelor of science degree in forest management from the University of Mime- sota in 1957. He joined the USDA Forest Service's Iakes States Forest Experiment Station (now North Central Forest Experiment Station) that same year. While at that Station he collected and analyzed timber-inventory data, particularly timber-cut data. In 1967 he joined the staff of the North- eastern Forest Experiment Station's Forest Products Market- ing Laboratory at Princeton, West Virginia. CONTENTS THE QUESTIONS ............................. 1 HOW WOOD IS USED IN MINING ............ 1 PRODUCING AND SELLING MINE TIMBERS .... 3 Mine-timber market ......................... 3 Mine-timber specifications .................... 3 Equipment needed .......................... 5 CURRENT USE OF WOOD IN MINES ........... 5 Mine-timber volumes ........................ 5 Mine-timber prices .......................... 5 Species .................................... 6 OUTLOOK FOR THE MINE-TIMBER MARKET .... 7 USEFUL REFERENCES .......................... 9 THE QUESTIONS DOCOAL MINE OPERATORS use many mine timbers? What are the specifications for mine timbers? Does pro- ducing mine timbers differ from producing other sawmill products? These are typical of the questions that sawmill operators in the Appalachians ask about the mine-timber market. At first glance it seems strange that they would ask such questions. After all, the mine-timber market is a traditional outlet for wood products in the Appalachians, and it would seem that all sawmill operators in the region would be familiar with the market.