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Dr. Robert Fraley Former Chief Technology Officer

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Dr. Robert Fraley Former Chief Technology Officer DR. ROBERT FRALEY @RobbFraley FORMER CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER, MONSANTO COMPANY WORLD FOOD PRIZE LAUREATE Our Planet Faces Some Real Challenges OurPopulation planet Growth faces Rise in Middle Class Changing Economies & Diets 1960-2050 Mid Class Total Pop real challenges 8.5 9.7 6.9 7.8 355 507 4.9 5.6 3.2 in as of 1.8 1965 Today • Population will grow to 2010 2020 2030 2050 World~10 Populationbillion by 2050* 43% increase in calories (billions) from animal protein • Rise in middle class • Changing economiesChanging & dietsClimate & Decreasing Declining Arable Land Water Availability • Declining arable land • Decreasing water availability 1990 2013 • Changing climate Sources: UN FAO; Ray DK, Mueller ND, West PC, Foley JA (2013) Yield Trends Are Insufficient to Double Global Crop Production by 2050. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66428. *Source: United Nations, 2017 Science and Technology have been Essential to Crop Improvement Source: USDA Source: 100 120 140 160 180 200 20 40 60 80 0 1866 1869 Enabling Incredible Gains inProductivity Incredible Enabling 1872 1875 1878 1881 1884 Yields Soybean and Corn U.S. Historical 1887 1890 1893 1896 1899 1902 1905 1908 1911 1914 1917 1920 CORN 1923 1926 1929 1932 1935 1938 SOYBEANS 1941 1944 1947 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 180.7 bu bu 2010 52.1 2013 /a /a 2016 New Advanced Technologies Enable Farmers To Be More Precise and Productive Than Ever Before Molecular Breeding Gene Editing Improves efficiency within a plant’s DNA Creates germplasm combinations that by enabling desired characteristics (i.e., are optimized for specific growing drought tolerance, increasing production conditions to help increase yields of key nutrients, etc.) while using fewer natural resources GMOs Microbial Seed Enables farmers to adopt more Treatments sustainable agronomic practices Increases yields, enhances nutrients, (i.e., conservation tillage) that and reduces disease pressure improve soil quality and reduce runoff Precision Agriculture Farm Equipment Data science, sensors, drones and AI Improvements allow farmers to be more precise with Advanced robotics and imaging tools their input applications resulting in help make farming operations more significant conservation of resources, productive and sustainable by saving especially water energy and inputs INCREDIBLE ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES POWERED BY OUR KNOWLEDGE OF GENETICS Impact of Biotech Crops, 1996-2016 ISAAA 2016 Report: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops PlantPlant BreedingBreeding Gene Modification Soil Microbes Gene Editing Global Status of Biotech Crops GLOBAL AREA OF BIOTECH CROPS 1996 TO 2018 ISAAA Brief 2018 – “Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops” ACRES OF 6.2 BILLION FARMLAND USED FOR GM CROPS SINCE 1996 ACRES OF 469 MILLION BIOTECH CROPS IN 26 COUNTRIES PLANTED IN 2017 BY 17 MILLION FARMERS US $186.1 BILLION FARM INCOME GAINS 474 million GENERATED GLOBALLY BY BIOTECH CROPS, 1996-2016 acres in 2018 >4,200APPROVED EVENTS FOR 26 BIOTECH CROPS IN 70 COUNTRIES 4.2 million acres 1992-2018 in 1996 GMO Crop Safety Record is Clear Sources: GMOAnswers.com; http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/ University of Illinois Scientists Have ‘Hacked Photosynthesis’ in Search of More Productive Crops Future 2019 2018 2000 1980 Short-stature Corn Each Plot =10 1940 Bushel Yield 10 Gene Editing is Poised to Transform Global Agriculture HOW IT WORKS BENEFITS Greater Improved precision efficiency Enables Uses genetic improvements not material from possible before Enable Deactivate Break Genetic Links plant’s own family Beneficial Unfavorable b/w Beneficial Characteristics Characteristics & Unfavorable Regulatory environment e.g. drought tolerance e.g. disease sensitivity Characteristics supportive of innovation Gene Editing Publication by Year POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS (Web of Science Core Collection) Enhanced 5000 Drought Nutrition Quality Tolerance MORE THAN 20,000 3896 Improvements 4000 STUDIES SINCE 2010 3130 >10K 3000 aa Weed 1947 Disease 2000 Mgmt. Resistance 1331 841 1000 532 277 427 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (as of Sept. 2018) 11 Gene Editing vs Genetic Modification Only selected gene Beginning Desired gene transferred in the 1970s: + = Genetic Modification Source Genome Target Plant Genome Modified Plant Genome Beginning in the 1990s: Deactivate an Gene Editing unfavorable Enable a beneficial characteristic characteristic Potential U.S. Crop Products Enabled by Gene Editing Various ZFN edits in Maize Exact Benefits Unknown Northern Leaf Blight- Agronomic Dow AgroScience Resistant Corn Soy with Drought / Dow AgroScience Benefits Wheat with Powdery Rice Resistant to Salt Tolerance Mildew Resistance Bacterial Blight USDA-ARS Calyxt Iowa State Univ. Waxy Corn Extra-Oil-Producing Camelina Yield10 Bioscience Food Value Improved Starch Profile Corn with Elevated Corteva Leaf/Stalk Starch Low-Lignin Alfalfa Chain Benefits Launch Confirmed: 2020 Accumulation Digestibility of Animal Feed Agrivida Calyxt Potato with Non-Browning Potato Shelf Life Improved Cold Calyxt Storage Non-Browning Benefits Calyxt Mushroom Penn State Non-Browning Potato Simplot High-Oleic High-Fiber Wheat Low-Gluten Wheat Soybeans Healthier Grain Profile Healthier Grain Profile Nutritional Healthier Oil Profile Calyxt Calyxt & Institute for Calyxt Launch Confirmed: Benefits Sustainable Ag Launch Confirmed: 2020 / 2021 Cordoba Spain Late 2018 Potential Launch Readiness 2018 Near Term* Longer Term* *Readiness to launch estimations based on year of product submission to the USDA-APHIS Letter of Inquiry process, unless noted with confirmed launch timing as provided by the developer. Near-term products were submitted between 2010-2015. Longer-term projects were submitted in 2016 or later. HIGH-OLEIC SOYBEAN OIL CITRUS-GREENING DISEASE REDUCED-GLUTEN WHEAT Traits of Interest for Vertical Farming Production That Can Be Identified and Introduced Early & Uniform Rapid Biomass & Fruiting Multi-Harvest Capable Auto-Harvest Architecture Photo-Induced Dwarf Plants & Quality Traits Yield Efficiency 15 Gene Editing for Healthier and More Productive Farm Animals Trait Species Gene-editing Target Increased muscle growth Cow, Pig, Sheep, Goat, Catfish Myostatin Hornlessness Cow Pc Polled Sterility Salmon, Pig Dead end protein, Nanos2 PRRSV Resistance Pig CD163 ASFV Resistance Pig RELA Bovine tuberculosis Cow NRAMP1 Effective Social Engagement will be Important to the Success of Gene Editing in Crops and Livestock Regulatory Developers Value Chain Society The Incredible Promise of Digital Ag MAXIMIZE YIELD COLLECT AND FARMING AT THE POTENTIAL ANALYZE FIELD DATA FIELD ZONE LEVEL Farmers Make 40+ Decisions Each Season Managing Complex In-field Variability 2017 Soy Yield 2017 NCGA1 Contest winner Corn Yield 138 bu/acre Contest winner vs. 49 bu/acre 542 bu/acre national average* vs. 175 bu/acre national average* 367 bu/acre 89 bu/acre opportunity opportunity *USDA crop production summary report Processing Unprecedented Amounts of Data ChCrohmroComhsrooomsmoemosseosmes GeneticGeGnent Gimarkersecet Mince aMtrikcae rMrksearrskers LocationLocLaotciaLootnicoantion Soil SoiSloilSoil Chromosomes Genetic Markers Location Soil ChromosomesChromChorsomoesomes GeneGtiec nMeatirck eMrsarkers LocatLiooncation Soil Soil GeGneeGnticeestnicestics Chromosomes Genetic Markers Location Soil Chromosomes Genetic Markers Location Soil YieGYldieYlndieetlidcs GenGetePicnosYP•epioetuicGeneticsplPldasuotilpoauntiolantion • YieldGenetics GYeienldeYticieTslrdePTaroetpTmaurtemlaanteitosmnntesnts Yield • PopulationYield PopuPlaoMtpioguTM•ntlraegzTreatmentstMatiootzngmnoetneszenostnses Population Population TreaTtmrSeeaoMnS•tilmt osgZMgt.iSelt onozZntoilose n nZszoneseeossnes Treatment•s SoilTre zaonestments GenomGenome WGeideenom W Aideses ocWAsideiasoctions Aiastsionsociations Mgt MzognteSzsoinl eZlasoyneerss Mgt zonSeos•il lSoilaSMyoeigl rlayersstlazyoenress Genome Wide Associations Soil SZooinl SEeZosleoilvn aelatsiyoenrs Soil ZonEeles•vaElevationEtiSoleonvila tZioonnes Genome GeWidenom Aes sWocideiat ionsAssociations Soil layers Genome Wide Associations Soil layeET•rsolepTopographyvoagtiroanphy Gene sequenceGenome Wide Associations Geospatial IoT Soil layeTrospogTSroapopoilh glyaraypehrsy ElevaEtlieIomvnTI•aamotgiopaImageryIemongrgyearrgayeprhyy Elevation • SensorsElevation StroSntrgo ynSigter lyodin eglgde yn gieetlndice sgtiecnsetics TopoTgorpaopImghryaagpehryy TopograSpehS•nyesScoutingnSosresonrssors Strong yield genetics Topography ImImaaggeImerySraycgS•oeecuroAndnStyinuscogtoinr usmoregting StroWnegWa ykie eyalidkWe lydgeiea egnklde eyn tgiiecetlsndice sgtiecnsetics Imagery Strong yield gSetrnoentgic ysield genetics SSeennssoSoresrnssSAocnrodsu mtinogre Weak Sytireoldn gg eynieeldti cgsenetics And mASnoedrne msoorsre SSccoouutSinticngoguAtnindg more Weak yWieelda kg Weynieeladtki c gyseienlde tgicesnetics Scouting Weak yield genetics IoTIoT IoT AAnndd m Amonorder emore IoT And more GeGoespoGastpeiaotlsipaaltial GeGnen SGeee qSneueqe Suneecqenucence Geospatial IoTIoTIoT Gene Sequence IoT GeospGGaeteoioasslppaattiiaall GeneG SenqGeue eSnneecq Seueeqnuceence Geospatial Gene Sequence The data spans many categories and forms, and requires sophisticated analytical tools to apply those insights to the challenges of modern agriculture. 22 Data Science Tools Give Farmers a Deeper Understanding of their Fields Atmosphere Soil Field Collect and Farming at the Maximize Analyze Field Data Field Zone Level Yield Potential Data comes from multiple
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