Kaylee Gutschow, Tori Justice, Kenny Richley, Meka George  Many abolitionists started to believe that it was their duty to end , seeing it as a sin.  Free blacks wanted to be respected by white people, seeing themselves as an equal.  Many whites were threatened by the black quest and organized mobs against African Americans, forcing them to flee to .

 Walker was a free black who published a pamphlet entitled An Appeal… to the Colored Citizens of the World.  The pamphlet ridiculed the religious pretensions of slaveholders, justified slave rebellion, and warned white Americans that slaves would revolt if justice was delayed.  In 1830 Walker and others called a national convention in to discuss the possibility of a revolt for collective equality for all blacks.

 Nat Turner was a Virginian slave who led a bloody revolt against whites.  He became a preacher and killed almost 60 whites, along with his followers.  Slaves were killed randomly by whites because of this failed rebellion, and Turner was hanged.  In response, the Virginia legislator tried to tried to pass a bill for gradual emancipation, which failed.  The movement had two different groups fighting against slavery, which was the Christian abolitionists and the evangelical abolitionists.  The most uncompromising leader of the abolitionist movement was .  Garrison worked with Benjamin Lundy, the publisher of the Genius of Universal Emancipation, an antislavery newspaper.  In 1831 Garrison moved to and founded his own antislavery weekly, The Liberator, which attracted many free-black subscribers.  The Liberator called for immediate abolition of slavery without reimbursement to slaveholders.

 Weld joined the movement with Garrison as a leading abolitionist.  Weld joined forces with Sarah and Angelina Grimke, whose father owned a plantation in South Carolina that they escaped from.  They provided the abolitionist movement with a mass of evidence in American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses (1839).  The book answered a simple question– “What is the actual condition of the slaves in the United States?” – It did this by providing eye witness accounts and testimonies from slaves and slave owners.

 Garrison and Weld met in Philadelphia with sixty delegates, black and white, from local abolitionist groups to establish it.  Leaders developed a three-pronged plan of attack, in attempt to abolish slavery.  The plan was to appeal to the public opinion, assist Africans who fled from slavery, and to seek support from state and national legislators.  The abolitionist movement had only won over a small amount of white Americans.  Northern opponents of had turned to violence, often led by “gentlemen of property and standing.”  Garrison and another leading abolitionist , , were often attacked and their houses were vandalized.  The Georgia legislature offered a $5,000 reward to anyone who would kidnap Garrison and bring him south to be tried for inciting rebellion.  President Andrew Jackson supported the south and their view on slavery.  In 1835 he asked Congress to restrict the use of mails by abolitionist groups.  When Congress did not comply the House of Representatives adopted the gag rule, which said antislavery petitions were automatically tabled when they were received  Abolitionists were also divided among themselves with different views.  At the convention of the American Anti-Slavery Society adopted in 1840 Garrison precipitated a split with more conservative abolitionists by insisting on equal participation by women and helping to elect to the organization’s business committee.  When the movement split, Abby Kelley and fellow women’s rights activists and Elizabeth Cady Stanton remained with Garrison in the American Anti-Slavery Society.

 Garrison’s opponents founded this new organization with the financial banking from .  They focused strictly on ending slavery, and not on women’s rights.  The society argued that the Constitution did not recognize slavery, and that the Fifth Amendment prevented the federal government from supporting slavery.