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Centralised National Risk Assessment for Category 3 of FSC Controlled Wood FSC Controlled Wood Centralised National Risk Assessment Category 3 (HCV) in Finland Centralised National Risk Assessment for Category 3 of FSC Controlled Wood Risks to High Conservation Values in Finland Finalised Report. February 2015 1 FSC Controlled Wood Centralised National Risk Assessment Category 3 (HCV) in Finland About The Proforest Initiative and HCV Resource Network Since 2011, the Proforest Initiative has been hosting the HCV Resource Network, a global multi-stakeholder initiative established by a group of organisations who use the HCV approach, including environmental and social NGOs, international development agencies, timber and forest product certifiers, suppliers and buyers, and forest managers. The Network aims to encourage collaboration, provide information and support on the evolving usage of HCV, and ensure that a consistent approach to HCV is understood and applied throughout the world. To promote consistency and best-practice in the use of the HCV concept, the Network has established a globally representative Technical Panel composed of experts in the use and interpretation of the HCV concept. A significant function of the panel is to undertake peer reviews of specific HCV assessments or uses and it has developed a standard process and criteria for conducting such reviews. For this report, your contact persons are: Audrey Versteegen [email protected] Anders Lindhe [email protected] HCV Resource Network South Suite, Frewin Chambers, Frewin Court, Oxford OX1 3HZ United Kingdom E: [email protected] T: +44 (0) 1865 243439 The Proforest Initiative is a registered charity in England and Wales (no. 1137523) and a company registered in England and Wales (no. 07293440) 2 FSC Controlled Wood Centralised National Risk Assessment Category 3 (HCV) in Finland Table of contents 1 Background ....................................................................... 5 2 Methodology .................................................................... 6 2.1 Risk .................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Stakeholder feedback ...................................................................... 6 2.3 Process ............................................................................................ 7 2.4 References and data sources ........................................................12 3 Identification of low risk areas for HCVs in Finland .......... 13 3.1 The Finnish context .......................................................................13 3.2 Indicator 3.1: HCV1 Species diversity ............................................16 3.3 Indicator 3.2: HCV2 Landscapes ....................................................25 3.4 Indicator 3.3: HCV3 Ecosystems ....................................................29 3.5 Indicator 3.4: HCV4 Ecosystem Services .......................................32 3.6 Indicator 3.5: HCV5 Basic needs of local communities .................34 3.7 Indicator 3.6: HCV6 Sites of cultural significance ..........................35 Annex 1. Data Sources .......................................................... 38 Annex 2. Background Data ................................................... 42 3 FSC Controlled Wood Centralised National Risk Assessment Category 3 (HCV) in Finland List of Figures Figure 1: Stepwise decision-making tree for risk assessment to High Conservation Values within the Controlled Wood framework. Each step is detailed in Section 2.3 of this report.8 Figure 2: Statutory protected area network of Finland. ...................................................... 14 Figure 3: Natura 2000 Network in Finland. .......................................................................... 15 Figure 4: Nature Conservation Programme areas in Finland. .............................................. 16 Figure 5: Natural forests in late successional stages. Adapted from Finland NFI 2011 data. ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Figure 6: Natural, mixed forests in medium-late successional stages (Note that the map is for illustrative purposes: at the scale of the country some pockets of forests do not show). Adapted from Finland NFI 2011 data. .................................................................................. 21 Figure 7: Risk Map for HCV1 in Finland. ............................................................................... 25 Figure 8: Very old forests (>180 years) in Lapland, according to NFI2011 data, and Intact Forest Landscapes in Lapland (www.intactforests.org). ...................................................... 26 Figure 9: Areas (in red) included in the Forest Lapland agreement of 2009 (top). Land uses have been designated as part of the agreement (see as example the map of Isoselka, below). Note that Forest Lapland areas are not legally protected (Source: http://www.metsa.fi). .......................................................................................................... 27 Figure 10: Larger areas of, legally or by agreement, unprotected very old forest that may qualify as HCV2. ................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 11: Risk Map for HCV2 in Finland. ............................................................................. 29 Figure 12: Important Bird Areas and mire reserves (designated under the Nature Conservation Act) in Finland. These mire reserves represent only a subset of mires that meet the ‘extensive’ threshold. ........................................................................................... 30 Figure 13: Detail of typical Important Bird Areas in relation to the hydrological network in Finland. ................................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 14: Hydrological network of Finland (Source: SYKE). ................................................ 33 Figure 15: Important catchments and aquifers in Finland (Finnish Water Act). .................. 34 4 FSC Controlled Wood Centralised National Risk Assessment Category 3 (HCV) in Finland 1 Background The development of full National Risk Assessments (NRA) for each Controlled Wood (CW) category is a priority identified within the scope of Motion 51 (2011 FSC General Assembly), in order to replace the current CW risk assessments led by individual companies. Motion 51 aims at strengthening the existing CW system by introducing standardised methodologies and procedures to achieve more consistency and credibility through the process. As part of this, FSC has developed a draft framework for National Risk Assessments of each of the 5 CW categories. Additionaly, FSC has initiated Centralised National Risk Assessments (CNRAs) for identifying “low risk” areas for sourcing of CW (as opposed to areas where additional control measures need to be specified and implemented in order to comply with the requirements of the CW system). The development of CNRAs is carried out in collaboration with FSC National Partners (NP), with the aim to initiate the full NRA process, and in consultation with national experts and stakeholders. It follows guidance set out in the draft procedure FSC-PRO-60-002a V1-0 for National Risk Assessments. Two pilot countries were selected to develop and test operational methodologies, Finland and Brazil. In the absence of applicable HCV assessments, CNRAs identify potential HCVs at the national level through the use of proxies for the 6 categories of HCVs, in agreement with the FSC National Standard for forest management in Finland. This report presents and locates proxy areas selected for subsequent risk analysis, and its findings. 5 FSC Controlled Wood Centralised National Risk Assessment Category 3 (HCV) in Finland 2 Methodology The methodology designed to assess the likely occurrence and the threat to HCVs and HCV areas follows the guidelines of the FSC National Risk Assessment Framework (FSC-PRO-60- 002a V1-0). Best practices in HCV identification are based on the HCV Resource Network Common Guidance for the Identification of High Conservation Values (October 2013). 2.1 Risk A core question of any risk assessment is what constitutes “low” risk. How much certainty is required, or put the other way around, how much uncertainty is tolerable? If the threshold is set too low, the system will not be robust and credibility will suffer. If, on the other hand, the bar is set too high, there will be virtually no low risk areas and the whole process of CNRAs becomes redundant. The draft FSC National Risk Assessment Framework provides guidance and thresholds for the designation of low risk areas, where the risk of sourcing timber from unacceptable sources is negligible. In parallel, it indicates that low risk is synonymous with “negligible” as defined by the EU Timber Regulation (No 995/2010). While the term is not defined in the Regulation itself, it is explained in a Commission guidance document to mean that “no cause for concern” can be discerned following full assessment of relevant information1. Considering this guidance, and FSC’s general precautionary approach, the present study aims to apply a low and transparent uncertainty threshold in each step of the risk assessment process. However, ‘low risk’ is not the same as ‘no risk’ – a certain acceptance of uncertainty is inherit in any risk-based approach. Where quantifiable, we
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