DOCSLIB.ORG

And Clavatula Hupferi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
And Clavatula Hupferi The Glycymerididae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea 1 2 Frank Nolf and Frank Swinnen 1 Pr. Stefanieplein, 43/8 B-8400 Oostende, Belgium [email protected] 2 Lutlommel, 10B, B-3920 Lommel, Belgium [email protected] Keywords: Glycymeris, GLYCYMERIDIDAE, Madeira and the Canaries. Glycymeris arabica BIVALVIA, MOLLUSCA, Mediterranean Sea, NE (H. Adams, 1871) is a Lessepsian immigrant Atlantic. from the Red Sea, only known from a few specimens in Israel. In the present paper we will Abstract: In a previous paper, published in extensively compare and illustrate these species. Neptunea, 12(2), the endemic West African representatives of the genus Glycymeris were Diagnosis: treated. The new species Glycymeris The family GLYCYMERIDIDAE is a very puzzling rafaelmesai Nolf & Swinnen, 2013 was family as many “common” species are introduced, together with the diagnosis of misunderstood, even those from the another unknown species from Angola. The Mediterranean Sea and the NE Atlantic. present paper will treat the East Atlantic and Most of them have a cancellate microsculpture. Mediterranean species of the genus Glycymeris. The periostracum of European species with fine Some of these species also occur along the separated hairs is in contrast with the West coasts of NW Africa, Madeira and the Canary African species of Glycymeris which all have a Islands. distinctly velvety periostracum. The size varies from 30 mm (Glycymeris vanhengstumi) to 120 Abbreviations: mm (Glycymeris bimaculata). They live from CFN: Private collection of Frank Nolf subtidal to deep water shallowly burrowed in (Oostende, Belgium). sandy, gravelly or muddy bottoms. Shells are CFS: Private collection of Frank Swinnen equivalve, often equilateral, circular or (Lommel, Belgium). subcircular, occasionally posteriorly angled, H.: Height. usually thick, occasionally rather smooth L: Length. (Glycymeris nummaria) or slightly ribbed with a radial or cancellate microsculpture. Umbones are Introduction: In the NE Atlantic and the opisthogyrate and the ligament condition is Mediterranean Sea the family GLYCYMERIDIDAE is amphidetic or prosodetic. The hinge plate carries is only represented by the genus Glycymeris and two series of taxodont teeth. There is no pallial contains five different species: Glycymeris sinus. The interior is porcellaneous and the inner bimaculata (Poli, 1795) restricted to NW ventral margin is strongly crenulated. Morocco, the Mediterranean Sea from Spain, Italy to Turkey and Israel, Glycymeris glycymeris The microsculpture of every European (Linnaeus, 1758) which occurs from Norway to Glycymeris is unique for each species and is the E Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, the typically not very variable. This offers us a good western Mediterranean Sea (from Spain to Sicily identification tool when we fail to use the other in the east), the Azores, Madeira, the Canary characteristics which are not constant enough to Islands and Morocco, Glycymeris nummaria distinguish the different species. The (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Canaries, Gibraltar, the microstructure is linked to the implantation of the Alboran Sea, the Marmara Sea, Israel and the hairs. Smooth shells carry a very fine NE Atlantic coast of Morocco, Glycymeris pilosa periostracum or none at all. (Linnaeus, 1767) throughout the Mediterranean The outline is mostly not a good characteristic to Sea from Spain, Italy to the Aegean Sea, Israel distinguish the different species. It partially and the Levant Sea, the Atlantic coasts of depends on the kind of substrate in which the Morocco and Western Sahara and finally a specimen is buried. In hard substrates recently described species Glycymeris specimens tend to be more oblique as the vanhengstumi Goud & Gulden, 2009, from Neptunea, 12(3) 1 November 2013 1 mantle gest damaged during the burrowing Periostracum: remaining bristles at the margins, process. but mostly absent. Although the umbo in Glycymeris is always Colour: Shell externally white with beige, dark opisthogyrate, which means that the beaks are brown to reddish brown tessellate markings or turned to the posterior end of the valves, some with larger coloured areas. Internally usually with European species such as G. bimaculata, G. a dark brown-black posterior-ventral area. nummaria, and the Lessepsian immigrant G. Measurements: 20-30 mm. arabica may have slightly orthogyrate umbones. Habitat: It lives in shallow water sandy bottoms. The height and width of the ligamental area are In the Mediterranean dredged at about 50 m variable within each species, depending on the depth. growth stage of the individual specimens. The Remarks: In the Red Sea (from Suez to Aden) a ligamental condition in European species may be second, very similar species occurs: Glycymeris amphidetic (G. arabica, G. bimaculata), slightly adenensis Jousseaume in Lamy, 1916. prosodetic (G. nummaria, G. glycymeris, G. vanhengstumi) or clearly prosodetic (G. pilosa). Glycymeris bimaculata (Poli, 1795) The ligamental area can be ornamented with (Pl. II, Figs 5-6; Pl. III, Figs 7-10; grooves. Muscle scars are distinct, the anterior Pl. IV, Figs 11-12; Pl. V, Figs 13-16) scar (rounded triangular) being different from the posterior scar (rather oval). The anterior muscle = Arca bimaculata Poli, 1795 scar is narrower than the posterior one. The = Pectunculus stellatus (Gmelin, 1791) lower part is obliquely truncated. The posterior = Pectunculus siculus Reeve, 1843 muscular scar is nearly circular but the lower part = Pectunculus pilosus var. philippii Pallary, 1912 is narrowing below. = P. stellatus var. mediterranea de Gregorio, 1892 Type Family GLYCYMERIDIDAE Newton, 1916 = P. stellatus var. pervalida de Gregorio, 1892 Glycymeris da Costa, 1778 = P. stellatus var. umbonata de Gregorio, 1892 = Pectunculus bimaculatus var. crassa Koch & Type species: Arca glycymeris Linnaeus, 1758 Pallary in Pallary, 1900 (by absolute tautonomy: ICZN Opinion 1414 - 1986). Geographic distribution: South Portugal, NW Morocco, the Mediterranean Sea, from Spain, Glycymeris arabica (H. Adams, 1871) Italy to the Bosporus, Greece, Turkey and Israel. (Pl. I, Figs 1-4) Shell: very large, heavy and thick, not as globose as Glycymeris pilosa. = Axinaea (Pectunculus) arabica H. Adams, Outline: almost circular. 1871 Beaks and umbones: raising a little above the = Pectunculus savignyi P. Fischer, 1871 ligamental area. Very slightly opisthogyrate, nearly orthogyrate, Geographic distribution: originally in the Ligamental condition: amphidetic, fairly high western Indian Ocean, Red Sea: Gulf of Suez. and broad. Especially in thick and heavy Introduced in the Mediterranean Sea (Israel) via specimens a number of chevron shaped grooves the Suez Channel. Till 2003 only known from one (about 5) are very clear. record in 1977 (Dor, Israel). At present also Microsculpture: Many narrow and distinct found at Palmahim lagoon (Israel). radiating ribs are separated by very fine grooves. Outline: equivalve, inequilateral, subcircular, Concentric cords are obsolete and often with posterior margin subangular. The anterior repressed, resulting in an undulating sculpture of margin is protruding, giving the shell a somewhat irregular lines. oblique shape. This distortion together with the Periostracum: dark brown, nearly black short inflated shell and the small size are diagnostic bristles follow the concentric ribbing more than features for this species. Very slightly the radial striae covering most parts of the opisthogyrate, nearly orthogyrate. valves, especially at the ventral side, the anterior Hinge: Small strongly arched taxodont teeth, and posterior margins. The bristles are shorter with up to 12 teeth anteriorly and up to 14 teeth than in G. glycymeris and G. pilosa. posteriorly. Colour: yellow, orange to brown. Often with Ligamental condition: amphidetic, very narrow alternating yellow and brown concentric rings. and small. Interior mostly paler than in G. pilosa. In fact the Microsculpture: about 30 low ribs with narrow name ‘bimaculata’ was derived from the white interspaces. All ribs incised by radial grooves. blotch at the beaks. However, this is not a Inner margin crenulated. constant characteristic feature: it is not always Neptunea, 12(3) 1 November 2013 2 present and it can also be discovered in G. Geographic distribution: the Hebrides, Faroe pilosa. Young specimens are paler than adults. Islands, N Norway, North Sea, Scotland, the Measurements: 80-120 mm. English Channel, Ireland, E Atlantic, the Bay of Habitat: In shallow water buried in sand or Biscay, the Azores, Madeira and the sandy mud bottoms. Mediterranean Sea (from the Alboran Sea, Spain, France to Italy). This is in fact a typical NE Remarks: Atlantic species, only occasionally found in the This species is the largest glycymeridid among Mediterranean. the European species within this family. It can be Shape and outline: Valves thick and solid, but differentiated from other European Glycymeris by thinner and lighter specimens are commonly its shell which is even heavier than in G. pilosa, found depending upon the locality. Shells may be the central umbones, the colouration and the inflated or compressed, with a circular or broader hinge line. The number of radiating obliquely subovate outline. Often posteriorly striae and concentric grooves is larger than in G. elongated. pilosa, resulting in a denser reticulating network. Beaks and umbones: very opisthogyrate. Umbones clearly behind the middle of the Pallary (1912) made a mistake in mentioning ligamental area.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glycymeris Longior (Sowerby, 1832) Clam at the Southern Edge of Its Distribution (Argentine Sea) Lucas H
    Gimenez et al. Helgol Mar Res (2020) 74:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s10152-020-0534-x Helgoland Marine Research ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Age and growth of Glycymeris longior (Sowerby, 1832) clam at the southern edge of its distribution (Argentine Sea) Lucas H. Gimenez1,2†, María del Socorro Doldan1,3,4*† , Paula C. Zaidman1,3,4 and Enrique M. Morsan1,3 Abstract Even though Glycymeris longior is a clam widely distributed in the SW Atlantic Ocean, little is known about its biology and life history. The present study assessed the periodicity of the internal growth increments of G. longior using thin shell sections. Each internal growth increment was composed of two alternating bands: a translucent band (light- coloured when viewed with transmitted light) and an opaque band (dark-coloured). Annual formation for each pair of bands was demonstrated. The formation of the annual growth increments was synchronous among individuals. Growth was determined from live clams collected at El Sótano, Argentine Sea (age range 29 to 69 years). Accord- ing to the growth model, G. longior grows fast during the frst 5 years of life and then growth= becomes slower in later years; individuals reached 50% and 90% of maximum size at 5 and 13 years of age, respectively. High variability was found in shell height for the frst 10 years: diferences up to 5–7 mm among individuals were registered for the frst 2 years of age, and up to 11 mm between the ages of 3 and 9 years. The growth performance index phi-prime (φ′) and the index of growth performance (P) of G.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NAUTILUS (Quarterly)
    americanmalacologists, inc. PUBLISHERS OF DISTINCTIVE BOOKS ON MOLLUSKS THE NAUTILUS (Quarterly) MONOGRAPHS OF MARINE MOLLUSCA STANDARD CATALOG OF SHELLS INDEXES TO THE NAUTILUS {Geographical, vols 1-90; Scientific Names, vols 61-90) REGISTER OF AMERICAN MALACOLOGISTS JANUARY 30, 1984 THE NAUTILUS ISSN 0028-1344 Vol. 98 No. 1 A quarterly devoted to malacology and the interests of conchologists Founded 1889 by Henry A. Pilsbry. Continued by H. Burrington Baker. Editor-in-Chief: R. Tucker Abbott EDITORIAL COMMITTEE CONSULTING EDITORS Dr. William J. Clench Dr. Donald R. Moore Curator Emeritus Division of Marine Geology Museum of Comparative Zoology School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Cambridge, MA 02138 10 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Dr. William K. Emerson Department of Living Invertebrates Dr. Joseph Rosewater The American Museum of Natural History Division of Mollusks New York, NY 10024 U.S. National Museum Washington, D.C. 20560 Dr. M. G. Harasewych 363 Crescendo Way Dr. G. Alan Solem Silver Spring, MD 20901 Department of Invertebrates Field Museum of Natural History Dr. Aurele La Rocque Chicago, IL 60605 Department of Geology The Ohio State University Dr. David H. Stansbery Columbus, OH 43210 Museum of Zoology The Ohio State University Dr. James H. McLean Columbus, OH 43210 Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History 900 Exposition Boulevard Dr. Ruth D. Turner Los Angeles, CA 90007 Department of Mollusks Museum of Comparative Zoology Dr. Arthur S. Merrill Cambridge, MA 02138 c/o Department of Mollusks Museum of Comparative Zoology Dr. Gilbert L. Voss Cambridge, MA 02138 Division of Biology School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 10 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The Nautilus (USPS 374-980) ISSN 0028-1344 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeographical Homogeneity in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. II
    Vol. 19: 75–84, 2013 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online September 4 doi: 10.3354/ab00521 Aquat Biol Biogeographical homogeneity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. II. Temporal variation in Lebanese bivalve biota Fabio Crocetta1,*, Ghazi Bitar2, Helmut Zibrowius3, Marco Oliverio4 1Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy 2Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon 3Le Corbusier 644, 280 Boulevard Michelet, 13008 Marseille, France 4Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Viale dell’Università 32, 00185 Roma, Italy ABSTRACT: Lebanon (eastern Mediterranean Sea) is an area of particular biogeographic signifi- cance for studying the structure of eastern Mediterranean marine biodiversity and its recent changes. Based on literature records and original samples, we review here the knowledge of the Lebanese marine bivalve biota, tracing its changes during the last 170 yr. The updated checklist of bivalves of Lebanon yielded a total of 114 species (96 native and 18 alien taxa), accounting for ca. 26.5% of the known Mediterranean Bivalvia and thus representing a particularly poor fauna. Analysis of the 21 taxa historically described on Lebanese material only yielded 2 available names. Records of 24 species are new for the Lebanese fauna, and Lioberus ligneus is also a new record for the Mediterranean Sea. Comparisons between molluscan records by past (before 1950) and modern (after 1950) authors revealed temporal variations and qualitative modifications of the Lebanese bivalve fauna, mostly affected by the introduction of Erythraean species. The rate of recording of new alien species (evaluated in decades) revealed later first local arrivals (after 1900) than those observed for other eastern Mediterranean shores, while the peak in records in conjunc- tion with our samplings (1991 to 2010) emphasizes the need for increased field work to monitor their arrival and establishment.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonality Palaeo3 Manoscritto Accettato.Pdf
    ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Seasonality fluctuations recorded in fossil bivalves during the early Pleis- tocene: Implications for climate change Gaia Crippa, L. Angiolini, C. Bottini, E. Erba, F. Felletti, C. Frigerio, J.A.I. Hennissen, M.J. Leng, M.R. Petrizzo, I. Raffi, G. Raineri, M.H. Stephenson PII: S0031-0182(16)00030-4 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.01.029 Reference: PALAEO 7659 To appear in: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Received date: 9 September 2015 Revised date: 7 January 2016 Accepted date: 12 January 2016 Please cite this article as: Crippa, Gaia, Angiolini, L., Bottini, C., Erba, E., Felletti, F.,Frigerio,C.,Hennissen,J.A.I.,Leng,M.J., Petrizzo, M.R., Raffi, I., Raineri, G., Stephenson, M.H., Seasonality fluctuations recorded in fossil bivalves during the early Pleistocene: Implications for climate change, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoe- cology (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.01.029 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Seasonality fluctuations recorded in fossil bivalves during the early Pleistocene: implications for climate change Gaia Crippa 1, L. Angiolini 1, C. Bottini 1, E. Erba 1, F. Felletti 1, C. Frigerio 1, J.A.I.
    [Show full text]
  • Shells from the Excavation of Yavne-Yam (North)
    ‘Atiqot 81, 2015 SHELLS FROM THE EXCAVATION OF YAVNE-YAM (NORTH) HENK K. MIENIS1 The salvage excavation at Yavne-Yam (North), Only the freshwater mussel Unio mancus carried out by Moshe Ajami and Uzi ‘Ad (this eucirrus has disappeared from Nahal Soreq due volume),2 yielded several samples of shells. to severe pollution of its waters in recent times. The presence of the land snail Theba pisana Material and Methods within a Roman-period context at Yavne-Yam The eight mollusc samples submitted for (North) is interesting. Heller and Tchernov identification were collected in six loci: three in (1978) considered Theba pisana a possible Area B and three in Area C. Most of the shells ancient introduction, since they did not find it could be identified on site. In a few cases, shell among the Pleistocene land snails occurring fragments were compared with recent samples in the coastal plain of Israel. However, in the Mollusc Collection of Tel Aviv University. that species has already been found in the The bulk of the sample was collected in the so- underwater Neolithic wells off ‘Atlit (Mienis, called shell-pit in Area C (L321; see Ajami and unpublished). ‘Ad, this volume: Plan 8); only the presence of None of the marine shells show clear-cut the various species was noted. markings of manipulation; however, some of the Glycymeris valves with a hole in the umbo Results might have served as a shell pendant. The The results of the studied material are listed in same is true for some of the holed valves of systematic order in Table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Spondylus and Glycymeris Bracelets> Trade Reflections at Neolithic
    UDK 903.25'12\'15 (497.11)''633\634''>594.1 Documenta Praehistorica XXXIII (2006) Spondylus and Glycymeris bracelets> trade reflections at Neolithic Vin;a-Belo Brdo Vesna Dimitrijevic´ 1, Boban Tripkovic´ 2 1 Institute of Regional Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia [email protected] 2 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, Serbia [email protected] ABSTRACT – In the provision, production and exchange of prestigious items and materials in prehi- storic Europe, marine shell ornaments play important role. The marine shell collection at the Vin≠a- Belo Brdo site is the largest in the central and northern Balkans. More than 300 ornament items ma- nufactured from marine shells have been collected since the first excavations in 1908 up until the most recent campaign. The majority of ornaments were made using recent shells that were obtained through trade with contemporaneous Neolithic communities; few ornaments were made of fossil bi- valve shells. Bracelets were the most common type. Two bivalve genera, Spondylus and Glycymeris, were used in their production. These are easily recognizable when complete valves are compared, but dif- ficult to distinguish in highly modified items where shell morphology is obscured. The defining charac- teristics for shell identification are presented, particularly to differentiate ornaments manufactured from the Spondylus and Glycymeris genera, as well as those made of recent and fossil shells. The pos- sible exchange routes for these are discussed, as well as their diachronic distribution at the Vin≠a site. IZVLE∞EK – Okraski iz morskih ∏koljk so igrali pomembno vlogo pri pripravi, izdelavi in menjavi pre- sti∫nih predmetov in materialov v prazgodovinski Evropi.
    [Show full text]
  • 18 Or Specimens of Levantina Spiriplana Werneri and the Hybrid
    or specimens of Levantina spiriplana werneri and the hybrid Levantina spiriplana were intentionally brought to Tel Gezer for culinary purposes. The presence of Melanopsis buccinoidea at Tel Gezer is also interesting. This typical species of running water is not living anymore in the Gezer region. According to the list of the typological shell collection at least one specimen of Melanopsis was found in a mud brick. This raises the question whether mud bricks were made locally or brought from elsewhere. They were found in a debris layer later than the Hellenistic period. Part of the shells from the Mediterranean Sea show signs that they had been used either as shell beads: Nassarius circumcinctus with a man-made hole in the last whorl behind the lip of the aperture and Conus mediterraneus with a man-made hole in the apex, or shell pendants: Glycymeris nummaria and Acanthocardia tuberculata all with a man-made hole in the umbo. All other Mediterranean shells do not show any trace of manipulation. Both species from the Red Sea: Monetaria annulus and Conus parvatus sharmiensis, show traces that they had been exploited too as shell beads. In the Cowry shell (Monetaria annulus) the dorsum had been removed, while the tiny Cone shell (Conus parvatus sharmiensis) showed a man-made hole in the apex. The freshwater mussels from the river Nile Chambardia rubens arcuata are well-known for their beautiful rose coloured interior of mother-of-pearl, however the material from Tel Gezer did not show a trace of manipulation, besides that the study specimens were almost completely disintegrated.
    [Show full text]
  • TREATISE ONLINE Number 48
    TREATISE ONLINE Number 48 Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 31: Illustrated Glossary of the Bivalvia Joseph G. Carter, Peter J. Harries, Nikolaus Malchus, André F. Sartori, Laurie C. Anderson, Rüdiger Bieler, Arthur E. Bogan, Eugene V. Coan, John C. W. Cope, Simon M. Cragg, José R. García-March, Jørgen Hylleberg, Patricia Kelley, Karl Kleemann, Jiří Kříž, Christopher McRoberts, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John Pojeta, Jr., Peter W. Skelton, Ilya Tëmkin, Thomas Yancey, and Alexandra Zieritz 2012 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 2153-4012 (online) paleo.ku.edu/treatiseonline PART N, REVISED, VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 31: ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF THE BIVALVIA JOSEPH G. CARTER,1 PETER J. HARRIES,2 NIKOLAUS MALCHUS,3 ANDRÉ F. SARTORI,4 LAURIE C. ANDERSON,5 RÜDIGER BIELER,6 ARTHUR E. BOGAN,7 EUGENE V. COAN,8 JOHN C. W. COPE,9 SIMON M. CRAgg,10 JOSÉ R. GARCÍA-MARCH,11 JØRGEN HYLLEBERG,12 PATRICIA KELLEY,13 KARL KLEEMAnn,14 JIřÍ KřÍž,15 CHRISTOPHER MCROBERTS,16 PAULA M. MIKKELSEN,17 JOHN POJETA, JR.,18 PETER W. SKELTON,19 ILYA TËMKIN,20 THOMAS YAncEY,21 and ALEXANDRA ZIERITZ22 [1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, [email protected]; 2University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Institut Català de Paleontologia (ICP), Catalunya, Spain, [email protected], [email protected]; 4Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 5South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, [email protected]; 6Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 7North
    [Show full text]
  • Shelled Molluscs
    Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Archimer http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/ ©UNESCO-EOLSS Archive Institutionnelle de l’Ifremer Shelled Molluscs Berthou P.1, Poutiers J.M.2, Goulletquer P.1, Dao J.C.1 1 : Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané, France 2 : Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Abstract: Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores. Keywords: bivalves, gastropods, fisheries, aquaculture, biology, fishing gears, management To cite this chapter Berthou P., Poutiers J.M., Goulletquer P., Dao J.C., SHELLED MOLLUSCS, in FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford ,UK, [http://www.eolss.net] 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeoecology of the Arda Biota
    Chapter 3 Palaeoecology of the Arda biota Fossil specimens collected in the Arda marine succession are identified and illustrated in this chapter (Crippa & Raineri submitted). Their ecology and palaeoecology is here discussed, focusing the attention on Glycymeris, Aequipecten and Arctica , as they represent the genera whose species have been used for the isotopic analyses; an in depth palaeoecological investigation is in fact important for interpreting the data resulting from the geochemical study. A discussion on the palaeoecological significance of the overall Arda fauna is also reported (Crippa et al., in prep.). 3.1 Faunal composition The fauna is composed by 159 taxa (Table 3.1; Pl. 1-11 at the end of this chapter) coming from 218 fossil beds, of which bivalves are dominant with 105 taxa, followed by gastropods (44 taxa) and a few corals (3 taxa) and serpulids (2 taxa); brachiopods, echinoids, barnacles, bryozoans and scaphopods do also occur in the fauna but they are left in open nomenclature due to their poor state of preservation. Bivalve taxonomy is a complicated topic in constant evolution; as Bieler & Mikkelsen (2006) observed “much of the taxonomic instability in bivalve research is not a result of conflicting hypotheses of relationships, but one of an overabundance of available names” and this is the main problem I dealt with the bivalve identification of the Arda assemblages. According to Jimenez et al. (2009) the status of many genera is still uncertain and species are assigned to different genera depending on the authors; nonetheless, there is certain stability in the species concept that allows adequate classification at the species levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscs: Bivalvia Laura A
    I Molluscs: Bivalvia Laura A. Brink The bivalves (also known as lamellibranchs or pelecypods) include such groups as the clams, mussels, scallops, and oysters. The class Bivalvia is one of the largest groups of invertebrates on the Pacific Northwest coast, with well over 150 species encompassing nine orders and 42 families (Table 1).Despite the fact that this class of mollusc is well represented in the Pacific Northwest, the larvae of only a few species have been identified and described in the scientific literature. The larvae of only 15 of the more common bivalves are described in this chapter. Six of these are introductions from the East Coast. There has been quite a bit of work aimed at rearing West Coast bivalve larvae in the lab, but this has lead to few larval descriptions. Reproduction and Development Most marine bivalves, like many marine invertebrates, are broadcast spawners (e.g., Crassostrea gigas, Macoma balthica, and Mya arenaria,); the males expel sperm into the seawater while females expel their eggs (Fig. 1).Fertilization of an egg by a sperm occurs within the water column. In some species, fertilization occurs within the female, with the zygotes then text continues on page 134 Fig. I. Generalized life cycle of marine bivalves (not to scale). 130 Identification Guide to Larval Marine Invertebrates ofthe Pacific Northwest Table 1. Species in the class Bivalvia from the Pacific Northwest (local species list from Kozloff, 1996). Species in bold indicate larvae described in this chapter. Order, Family Species Life References for Larval Descriptions History1 Nuculoida Nuculidae Nucula tenuis Acila castrensis FSP Strathmann, 1987; Zardus and Morse, 1998 Nuculanidae Nuculana harnata Nuculana rninuta Nuculana cellutita Yoldiidae Yoldia arnygdalea Yoldia scissurata Yoldia thraciaeforrnis Hutchings and Haedrich, 1984 Yoldia rnyalis Solemyoida Solemyidae Solemya reidi FSP Gustafson and Reid.
    [Show full text]