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Urban Planning and Transport Rationalities in the City of Johannesburg

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Urban Planning and Transport Rationalities in the City of Johannesburg Urban Planning and Transport Rationalities in the City of Johannesburg The case of Louis Botha Development Corridor David Chiwetu 0 Declaration A research report submitted to the School of Architecture and Planning, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science with Honours in Urban and Regional Planning. Supervised by Professor Claire Bénit-Gbaffou Declaration I declare that this research report is my own work. It has been submitted for the BSc with Honours in Urban and Regional Planning to the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted for any degree to any other university. …………………………………………… (Signature of Candidate) ………………Day of………………m……………….Year……………….. 1 Abstract Schoeman (2015:49) states that “urban and regional planning and transportation planning requires the deliberation of what can and must occur where in spatial systems. It includes the emphasis and collaboration of different policies and practices which comprises tools and instruments and the interaction between professions in a wider context.’’ There is the need to understand the different modes of thinking or rationalities that inform urban planners and transportation planners in decision-making processes. I am interested in understanding how these two professional disciplines approaching from different angles and viewpoints work together in order to make decisions that affect the transformation of public space. The research focuses on the Corridors of Freedom, which has received mainstream attention in Johannesburg for its potential to contribute to socio spatial restructuring of the Apartheid City. Through the case study of Louis Botha Corridor, the research aims to understand the rationale / reasoning behind decisions undertaken by urban and transport professionals in shaping development along the Corridor in a specific configuration whereby the JDA DFU plays a mediating role. The study is concerned with uncovering the extent to which ‘contradicting rationalities’ in implementing development along the Louis Botha are mediated by the Johannesburg Development Agency in facilitating infrastructural development. Mediation for the purposes of this research focuses on uncovering the compromise oriented negotiation processes and consensus oriented co-operation processes that occur between the urban and transport professionals in the decision making process that transform public space. The research concludes that there is a third rationality or mode of thinking expressed by the JDA DFU which is the pushing of an equity agenda in order to align the practices of both urban professionals and transport professionals in contributing to the socio spatial restructuring of Johannesburg. 2 Acknowledgement To my parents, I am truly grateful for the guidance and sacrifices you have made for my education. I would not be where I am today without the support and love, you have provided me. To my supervisor Claire Benit-Gbaffou, I would like to express my gratitude for all the support you have provided as the opportunity to undertake this research would not have been possible without you. I appreciate your patience and all the assistance and you provided me in carrying out this research and I would like to say that I am honored to have worked with you. I would also like to thank the Development Facilitation Unit at the Johannesburg Development Agency for affording me the opportunity to undertake this research with them, thank you for the great hospitality. To Matt Jackson, I would like to say thank you very much for being a great mentor and exposing me to the vast amounts of knowledge about town planning and Transit Orientated Development in particular. The passion you have for town planning is inspiring and the internship was a really valuable and worthwhile experience I would like to thank my research funders and sponsor for financing my studies for this year, National Research Foundation (NRF), the Practices of the State in Urban Governance programme which is hosted by the Centre for Urbanism and Built Environment and the Postgraduate Merit Award. I appreciate the financial support that has been made for me to complete my studies. To all the urban planning and transport professionals I interviewed, thank you for your willingness to share your knowledge with me and dedicating time to contributing to this research. Finally, I would like to thank all my friends and classmates. To Lesley, thanks buddy for all your assistance. To Yunus, our journey together started in high school now we complete this degree together, all the best. 3 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE RESEARCH ...................................................................................................... 7 1.1. PROBLEM STATEMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 THE RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCH ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.3 BACKGROUND – WHAT IS THE ‘STATE’ INVOLVED IN THE MAKING OF THE COF. ............................................................ 10 1.3.1 Corridors of Freedom - Vision .............................................................................................................. 10 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION ....................................................................................................................................... 12 1.5 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH .................................................................................................................................. 13 1.6. CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 14 1.8. CHAPTER OUTLINE .......................................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................... 17 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1. STATE RATIONALITIES AND THE MAKING OF THE CITY ............................................................................................. 17 2.1.1. Core Professional Planning Focus and Interests ................................................................................. 18 2.1.4 Understanding practises of street level bureaucrats: Multiple Norms ............................................... 19 2.1.2. Public Policy Instruments ................................................................................................................... 20 2.1.3 The Front-line policy implementers: Street Level Bureaucrats ............................................................ 22 2.1.5 Equity Planners ................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2. MEGAPROJECTS AND TODS .............................................................................................................................. 25 2.2.1. Transit Orientated Development – principles and tensions ............................................................... 25 2.2.2 Towards overcoming the tensions within TOD? .................................................................................. 28 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS .................................................................................................................. 31 4.4.1 Norwood ‘High street’ plan – Grant avenue precinct, consolidating the street as public space? (2016) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 52 6.1 INTRODUCING THE ROLES OF THE URBAN AND TRANSPORT PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN THE SDZ .................................. 66 6.1.1 Department of Development Planning ............................................................................................... 66 6.1.2 Transport Department Official ............................................................................................................ 67 6.1.3 Johannesburg Roads Agency ............................................................................................................... 67 6.2 FACILITATING THE ROAD HIERARCHY: ACCESSIBILITY OR MOBILITY? .......................................................................... 67 6.2.1 First Proposal – Prioritising Mobility over Accessibility? ..................................................................... 67 6.2.2 Working towards a compromise? ....................................................................................................... 70 6.3 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................. 72 CHAPTER 7: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES AND THE ROLE OF THE DFU AS MEDIATOR ............................. 74 7.1 IMPLEMENTING THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM AND FEEDER ROUTES ....................................................................
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