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Asiaten Sehen Asiaten Die Region Als Teil Nationaler Identität in Japan

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Asiaten Sehen Asiaten Die Region Als Teil Nationaler Identität in Japan Asiaten sehen Asiaten Die Region als Teil nationaler Identität in Japan und Südostasien am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts – Wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen I. EINLEITUNG............................................................................................................... 5 A. Der Sieger von 1905 – Initialzündung südostasiatischer Dekolonisation? .......................... 5 B. Operationalisierungen: Raum und Begriff.......................................................................... 11 C. Forschungsstände, Quellen und Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit.................................................. 17 i. Japanische Asien- und Süd [nanyô] - Wahrnehmung ...................................................... 17 ii. Philippinische und vietnamesische Japan- und Asienwahrnehmung.............................. 27 iii. Quellen und Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit........................................................................... 34 D. Diskurs und Wissen............................................................................................................ 37 E. Terminologische Klärungen: Definitionen und Begrenzungen .......................................... 39 F. Vorgehen............................................................................................................................. 42 II. JAPANISCHE ASIEN-, PHILIPPINEN-, VIETNAM- UND ‚SÜD’-BILDER .............. 45 1. Asienbilder............................................................................................................................. 45 A. Südostasien – Fehlanzeige eines historischen Raumkonzeptes.......................................... 45 B. Historischer Hintergrund .................................................................................................... 48 C. Reformpolitik und das Verhältnis zu China ....................................................................... 52 i. Japan avanciert zum ‚westlichen‘ Vertragsstaat .............................................................. 52 ii. Kulturkritik an China ...................................................................................................... 55 iii. Kurze Zusammenfassung............................................................................................... 62 D. Neuvermessung: aus kanjibunkaken wird アジア [{ajia} Asien]...................................... 63 i. Adaption europäischer Geschichtsnarrative..................................................................... 63 ii. ‚Asien’ als Objekt japanischen Reformeifers ................................................................. 68 iii. Kurze Zusammenfassung............................................................................................... 79 iv. Aus Asien [{亜細亜} ajia] wird Osten [{東} tô]........................................................... 79 1 v. Aus tôyô/tôa [{東洋/東亜} Asien] wird East/Asia/Orient.............................................. 87 vi. Zusammenfassung.......................................................................................................... 89 2. Südbilder................................................................................................................................ 92 A. Erblickt man die Philippinen und Vietnam, wenn man nach Asien sieht?......................... 92 B. Nanyô-Wahrnehmungen: Voraussetzungen, Parameter und Akteure ................................ 95 C. Nanyôbilder ...................................................................................................................... 104 i. nanyô wird mit dem Begriff der ‚Zivilisation’ durchmessen......................................... 104 ii. nanyô als Auswanderungsland japanischer Bauern ...................................................... 111 iii. nanyô als Raum japanischer Wirtschaftsinteressen ..................................................... 116 iv. Zivilisierungsmission: nanyô als utopische Projektionsfläche in Romanen ................ 119 D. Vietnamwahrnehmung ..................................................................................................... 126 E. Kontinuitäten der nanyô-Wahrnehmung........................................................................... 127 F. Zusammenfassung............................................................................................................. 129 3. Kapitelzusammenfassung ................................................................................................... 130 III. PHILIPPINISCHE UND VIETNAMESISCHE JAPAN- UND ASIENBILDER........ 132 1. Philippinische Japan- und Asienbilder ............................................................................. 134 A. Auf dem Weg zur Nation ................................................................................................. 134 B. Historischer Hintergrund .................................................................................................. 136 C. Blickrichtungen: Nach Westen und nach Osten ............................................................... 140 i. Japan als Raum christlich-moralischen Handelns in Asien............................................ 140 ii. Rizals Japan ist nicht asiatisch ...................................................................................... 147 D. Ost gegen West................................................................................................................. 148 i. Japan als imperialer Raum ............................................................................................. 148 ii. Japan als Zivilisation im Osten ..................................................................................... 153 E. Quellen des Wissens: Dritte sehen Japan.......................................................................... 155 F. Militärische Hilfe aus Japan für den Unabhängigkeitskampf auf den Philippinen........... 156 G. Zusammenfassung............................................................................................................ 158 2. Vietnamesische Japan- und Asienbilder ........................................................................... 162 A. Der lange Weg zur Nation................................................................................................ 162 B. Historischer Hintergrund .................................................................................................. 164 i. Grundzüge der kulturellen und kolonialen Prägung Nord- und Südvietnams ............... 164 ii. Reaktionen auf die Errichtung der Kolonialadministration .......................................... 170 iii. Neue Kolonialpolitik und neue Widerstandsformen.................................................... 172 2 C. Phan Bội Châus Japanbilder vor und während seines Japanaufenthaltes......................... 178 i. Japan als Raum einer ‚sozialdarwinistischen’ Weltordnung.......................................... 179 ii. Japan als Raum einer modernen monarchischen Verfasstheit ...................................... 186 iii. Japan als Raum der Zivilisation und Bildung in Asien................................................ 189 iv. Japan als imperialer Raum ........................................................................................... 197 D. Vietnam und Asien: Nationale und regionale Räume und Identitäten ............................. 208 E. Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................................ 213 F. Japan als Vorbild und Raum des Lernens......................................................................... 215 i. Asiatische Studenten in Tokyo....................................................................................... 215 ii. Formale Studienvoraussetzungen und informelle Einschreibepraxis ........................... 219 iii. Die vietnamesischen Studenten in Tokyo.................................................................... 226 F. Zusammenfassung............................................................................................................. 233 3. Kapitelzusammenführung.................................................................................................. 234 IV. SCHLUSS: EINORDNUNGEN UND ERKENNTNISSE ....................................... 237 A. Neubewertungen von Zäsuren und Begriffen................................................................... 238 B. Zeitpunkte und Muster der Japanrezeption....................................................................... 246 i. Birma als weiteres Fallbeispiel ..................................................................................... 248 ii. Nachwirkungen des ‚japanischen Vorbildes’ als ‚asiatisches Korrektiv’..................... 255 V. ANHANG................................................................................................................ 269 A.) Übersetzungen aus dem Journal der Gesellschaft des erwachenden Asiens................... 269 i. 1. April 1880 (2)............................................................................................................. 269 ii. 6. Januar 1881 (14)........................................................................................................ 273 iii. 30. Dezember 1881 (23) .............................................................................................. 275 B. Filipinos in Japan.............................................................................................................. 277 C. Vietnamesische Studenten in Tokyo ...............................................................................
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