DOCSLIB.ORG

Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Mares Milk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Mares Milk Seminar about: Study on physicochemical characteristics of mares milk By Mrwa Tahir Ahmed Taha Supervisor : Dr. Mohamed Osman Mohamed Abdalla Sudan is an agricultural country characterized by variations in climatic and animal resources Recent statistics estimated the Sudanese equines’ population as 260,000 horses and 730,000 donkey (FAO, 2000). Bovine milk the most commonly consumed type of milk. Also milk production is highest for buffalo milk (11%), followed by goat (2.3%), sheep (1.4%) and camel milk (0.2%) (Gerosa and Skoet, 2012). Horses and donkeys and yaks, no world statistics are available, but their contribution to the global milk production is less than 0.1 (Faye and Konuspayeva, 2012 Milk composition and quality in mammalian species affect by : • Genetic • Physiological • Nutritional • Environmental (Malacarne et al., 2002) Mare milk, besides its role for foals, is also used in human nutrition, mainly in eastern Asia, in the last years there has been an increasing interest in it as food in Europe, mainly Germany, France, Italy and also in Scandinavia (Malacarne et al., 2002). Mare milk has important nutritional and therapeutic properties that can benefit the diet of the elderly, newborn. because it contains a high lactase it has sweet taste. the taste is very gentle, high watery and less casein in comparison with cow as a result of which it is better digestible (Rad et al., 2013 . mare’s milk could be used instead of cow milk in allergic children (Businco et al., 2000). And a number of cosmetic, but also some therapeutic properties (e.g. for treating metabolic, gastrointestinal and liver problems, and cancer) (Claeys et al., 2014) 1. To terme the physicochemical characteristics of mare milk. 2. Effect of lactation period on physicochemical characteristics of mare milk in sudan envirnoment This study was conducted in the department of dairy production faculty of animal production this sample was obtained from different farm in Khartoum .the sample was collected in sterile glass bottles and transported in ice box at 4 °C to the laboratory for analysis The samples was analyzed for fat, protein, SNF lactose, density using lactoscan90(Aples Industries services, france Total solid, ash and acidity was determined according to the AOAC (2000). pH measured by using the PH meter model 3510 The data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS, ver. 9). General linear models (GLM) were used to determine the effect of mare number and lactation period on the physicochemical characteristics of mares milk. Mean separation was carried out using Duncan multiple range test (P≤0.05 ). Physicochemic Mare NO 1 Mare NO 2 Mare NO 3 Mare NO 4 Mare NO 5 SL al characteristics Fat% 2.01±0.51b 2.08±0.57b 2.37±0.66a 2.16±0.59ab 2.01±0.14b ** Protein% 3.62 ±0.11aa 3.65±0.59a 3.51± 0.16a 3.51±0.16b 3.67±0.11a *** Total solid% 10.03±0.68b 9.89 ±0.59b 10.39±0.33a 9.77±0.82b 10.55±0.60a *** Moisture % 89.98±0.67bc 90.67±2.18bc 90.37±1.84ab 90.67±2.18a 89.57±0.61c ** * Lactose% 5.13±0.68a 5.21±0.42a 4.91±0.22b 4.98±0.82b 5.16±0.11a ** Solid- non- 9.44±0.23a 9.50±0.42a 9.06±0.42b 9.14±0.45b 9.59±0.21a *** Fat% Ash% 0.33±0.11a 0.38±0.11bc 0.40±0.04b 0.36±0.04c 0.47±0.07a *** Acidity% 0.17±0.17c 0.16±0.02ab 0.16±0.02b 0.14±0.02c 0.17±0.17a *** PH 7.07±0.39a 6.88±0.31b 7.11±0.37a 7.03±0.22a 7.01±0.22ab *** Density 1.034.56±0.95a 1.034.53±1.71a 1.032.52±1.61c 1.033.28±1.62b 1.034.99±0.72 a ** Parameters L1 (1-2 L2 (2-3 L3 (4-5 months) months) months) fat 1.73±0.36 2.44±0.88 1.85±0.54 Protein 3.58±0.07 3.62±0.15 3.66±0.09 T S 9.53±0.59 10.29±0.30 10.26±0.79 Mositure 90.49±0.58 89.71±0.30 89.74±0.79 Lactose 5.04±0.11 5.18±0.148 5.16±0.14 SNF 9.32±0.19 9.53±0.19 9.48±0.27 Ash 0.39±0.06 0.32±0.07 0.27±0.07 Acidity 0.14±0.03 0.15±0.03 0.15±0.02 PH 7.23±0.42 6.97±0.40 7.02±0.33 Density 34.10±0.92 34.83±0.65 34.85±1.09 Parameters L1 (1-2 months) L1 (1-2 months) L3 (4-5 months) fat 1.89±0.33 1.89±0.33 1.98±0.18 Protein 3.75±0.20 3.75±0.20 3.62±0.11 T S 10.22±0.58 10.22±0.58 9.67-+0.78 Lactose 5.49-+0.31 5.49-+0.31 5.12-+0.20 Mositure 89.70-+0.50 89.70-+0.50 90.14-+0.88 SNF 9.78-+0.54 9.78-+0.54 9.47-+0.35 Ash 0.31-+0.04 0.31-+0.04 0.47-+0.12 Acidity 0.15-+0.01 0.15-+0.01 0.17-+0.01 PH 7.08-+0.42 7.08-+0.42 6.67-+0.13 Density 1.035.64+1.98 1.035.64+1.98 1.034.36+1.14 Parameters L1 (1-2 months) L2 (2-3 months) L3 (4-5 months) fat 2.34-+0.70 2.53±0.60 2.24±0.71 Protein 3.53±0.24 3.44±0.11 3.59±0.02 T S 10.29±0.32 10.35±0.20 10.54±0.42 Lactose 4.92±0.30 4.76±0.12 5.06±0.29 Mositure 90.39±1.32 91.31±2.63 89.42±0.47 SNF 9.16±0.61 9.10±0.52 9.15±0.29 Ash 0.41±0.04 0.38±0.03 0.41±0.05 Acidity 0.16±0.06 0.15±0.02 0.16±0.01 PH 6.88±0.32 7.33±0.36 7.12±0.30 Density 1.032.83±1.98 1.031.61±1.60 1.033.11±1.39 Parameters L1 (1-2 months) L2 (2-3 months) L3 (4-5 months) fat 2.24±0.06 1.64±0.28 2.61±0.71 Protein 3.51±0.16 3.46±0.20 3.55±0.12 T S 10.08±0.27 9.71±0.54 9.53±1.26 Lactose 5.09±0.33 4.91±0.28 4.96±0.19 Mositure 89.92±0.28 91.62±3.44 90.47±1.27 SNF 9.14±0.47 9.08±0.53 9.19±0.35 Ash 0.37±0.04 0.36±0.04 0.35±0.06 Acidity 0.14±0.03 0.15±0.23 0.14±0.01 PH 7.00±0.12 7.03±0.29 7.05±0.23 Density 1.033.14±1.78 1.033.61±1.42 1.033.10±1.73 Parameters L1 (1-2 months) L2 (2-3 months) L3 (4-5 months) fat 1.88±0.11 2.16±0.04 2.07±0.00 Protein 3.63±0.09 3.68±0.05 3.74±0.00 T S 10.89±0.70 10.06±0.04 10.53±0.24 Lactose 5.01±0.01 5.15±0.01 5.26±0.01 Mositure 89.92±0.28 91.62±3.44 90.47±1.27 SNF 9.47±0.24 9.55±0.10 9.74±0.00 Ash 0.50±0.08 0.55±0.00 0.52±0.01 Acidity 0.19±0.01 0.17±0.01 0.14±0.01 PH 7.18±0.08 7.05±0.05 6.66±0.02 Density 1.034.85±0.95 1.035.33±0.14 1.034.85±0.6 1 Parameters Lactation period (months) SL 1(1-2) 2(3-4) 3(5-6) Fat (%) 2.01±0.43b 2.23±0.59a 2.16±0.58ab * Protein (%) 3.60±0.18ab 3.55±0.22b 3.63±0.10a ** Total solids (%) 10.25±0.18a 10.04±0.22a 10.08±0.88a NS Moisture (%) 89.93±0.88b 90.57±2.04a 89.87±0.90b NS Lactose (%) 5.13±0.31a 4.99±0.22b 5.10±0.17a ** Solids-non-fat (%) 9.38±0.47a 9.26±0.06a 9.39±0.35a NS Ash (%) 0.40±0.11a 0.36±0.06b 0.40±0.11a ** 0.16±0.03a 0.15±0.2a 0.15±0.02a *** Acidity (% lactic acid) Ph 7.08±0.32a 7.06±0.31a 6.91±0.31b NS Density 1.0346±1.83a 1.03376±1.62a 1.03402±1.47a ** Means in the row bearing similar superscripts are not significantly different (P>0.05) *** = P<0.001 ** = P<0.01 * = P<0.05 NS = Not significant Significant variation was observed in all physiochemical characteristics of mares milk under study. Fat, protein, lactose, ash contents. acidity and daensity were significantly effect by the lactation period while total solids, moisture, SNF and PH was not affected.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of the Traditional Koumiss Yeast Produced in Turkey on Some Properties and Carbonyl Components of Koumiss
    ─── Food Technology ─── Effect of the traditional koumiss yeast produced in Turkey on some properties and carbonyl components of koumiss Mehmet Çelebi1, Bedia Şimşek2, Melike Özkan2, Onur Acar2, Elvan Özer2 1 – Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Aydın, Turkey 2 – Süleyman Demirel University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Isparta, Turkey Abstract Keywords: Introduction. Koumiss produced from different types of milk (horse, cow and goat milk) by traditional koumiss yeast and Koumiss observe the changes of aroma components and biogenic amines Yeast formations during the storage period (30 days) are presented in Biogenic amine this work. Aroma Materials and methods. Mare milk was used directly but the Carbonyl composition of cow and goat milk is different from that of mare milk, the compositions of these milk were used in the production of koumiss by emulating mare milk. Koumiss were produced with traditional yeast. Biogenic amine analysed with high performance liquid chromatography and aroma components was determined by Article history: headspace-gas chromatography. Results and discussion. The lactic acidity value (%) has Received gradually increased during the storage period of koumiss samples. 29.08.2019 The highest amount of ethyl alcohol was determined in koumiss Received in (30th day) produced from cow milk (1.95%). Among the biogenic revised form amines, the value of putrescine was found to be highest in 27.09.2019 koumiss produced from goat milk (5.68–5.86 ppm), while the Accepted cadaverine value was observed to reach to the highest values 28.11.2019 (2.66–9.74 ppm) in koumiss produced from horse milk.
    [Show full text]
  • ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION of HUMAN and ANIMAL MILK a Review by G.V
    IAEA-TECDOC-269 ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL MILK A Review by G.V. IYENGAR A REPORT PREPARED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY IN COLLABORATION WITE HTH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION A TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1982 ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL MILK: A REVIEW IAEA, VIENNA, 1982 IAEA-TECDOC-269 PrinteIAEe th AustriAn y i d b a September 1982 IAEe Th A doe t maintaisno n stock f reportso thin si s series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 80.00 in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y dhma separately fro INIe mth S Clearinghouse. PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK FOREWORD For the past three years, the International Atomic Energy Worle Agencth dd Healtan y h Organization have been collaboratinn o g a joint research project to obtain definitive baseline data on the concentrations of twenty-four mineral and trace elements in human milk, specimens collected from nursing mothers in six Member States. Over the same period, the IAEA has also organized and provided suppor a coordinate o t d research programme, wit 3 participant1 h n i s 1 Membe1 r States n comparativo , e e studmethod th f traco yr fo se elements in human nutrition; this programme has also been concerned, inter alia, with the analysis of human milk.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Fermented Mare's Milk Using Mixed Probiotic Cultures
    ISSN 0126-0472 EISSN 2087-4634 Media Peternakan, April 2016, 39(1):9-13 Accredited by DGHE No: 66b/DIKTI/Kep/2011 DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2016.39.1.9 Available online at http://medpet.journal.ipb.ac.id/ Development of Fermented Mare’s Milk Using Mixed Probiotic Cultures T. W. Murti*, E. Robiyati, H. L. Jundi, F. Ramadhani, B. Rustamadji, & Y. Y. Suranindyah Department of Dairy Science and Milk Industry, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University Jalan Fauna 3st Kampus Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, Indonesia (Received 30-06-2015; Reviewed 19-08-2015; Accepted 15-02-2016) ABSTRACT Mare’s milk has good nutrient composition for human being in the form of natural milk or milk products. It can be used to replace cow’s milk, especially in the regions outside of Java Island which are rarely found dairy cow. This study had an objective to develop fermented mare’s milk by using mixed cultures of probiotic bacteria i.e. Lactobacillus acidophilus (A), Bifidobacterium longum (B), and Lactobacillus casei (C). The cultures of two probiotic bacteria AB and BC had been devel- oped as well as three probiotic bacteria ABC culture. The mixed cultures (AB, BC and ABC) were prepared in single culture then cultivated in mixed culture as total 10% v/v of mare’s milk used and was incubated at 39°C for 9 h. The pH, acidity and bacterial count, each of them was analyzed in every 3 h of incubation time, while the organic acid and sensory tests were conducted at the end of 9 h of incubation.
    [Show full text]
  • Agalactia, Dysgalactia, and Nutrition of the Postpartum Mare
    HOW TO MANAGE THE SUBFERTILE MARE Agalactia, Dysgalactia, and Nutrition of the Postpartum Mare Peter R. Morresey, BVSc, MACVSc, Diplomate ACT, ACVIM (Large Animal) Successful initiation and continuation of lactation in the postpartum mare depends on normal hormonal activity and a lack of any inhibitory influences on the mare. Impediments to adequate lactation include underlying systemic disease of the mare, pathology of the mammary gland, malnutrition, and diminished neonatal vigor reducing normal suckling activity. Author’s ad- dress: Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, PO Box 12070, Lexington, KY 40580; e-mail: pmorresey@ roodandriddle.com. © 2012 AAEP. 1. Introduction progressively larger ducts that converge into cis- Lactation places considerable nutritional and phys- terns above the teats. Groups of alveoli cluster to- iological demands on the mare. The nursing mare gether to form lobules. In turn, these cluster must provide sufficient milk to allow the foal to together to form lobes, which is collectively known achieve approximately 45% of its mature weight at as a lobuloalveolar construct. weaning.1 At the same time, to maintain a yearly The mammary gland undergoes a cycle of growth foaling interval, the mare must be sufficiently recov- and differentiation of tissue after every mating that ered from the demands of gestation to allow rebreed- results in a pregnancy. Growth of the mammary ing within the first month of lactation if so desired. gland tissue continues to some degree into the lac- Numerous management decisions and medical con- tation phase, with this being followed by a period of ditions can lead to either complete failure of lacta- involution.
    [Show full text]
  • 1953 Chapter 97
    1707 DAIRY, FOODS AND DRUGS 97.02 CHAPTER 97. DAIRY, FOODS AND DRUGS. 97.01 Foods and drugs; definitions. 97.40 Insanitary by-products; sale, prohib­ 97.02 Food products; definitions; standards. ited. 97.022 Regulations. 97.41 Butter and cheese manufacturers; ac- 97.023 Lobbying on food regulations. counts accessible. 97.025 Imitation ice cream or ices. 97.42 Oleomargarine regulations. 97.03 Buttermaker and cheesemaker li- 97.43 Butter; grading; label. cense. 97.44 Notice of sale of imitation butter. 97.035 Limburger cheese; improving quality. 97.45 Renovated butter. 97.04 Dairy plants and receiving stations. 97.46 Frauds; substitute for butter; adver­ 97.045 Milk pasteurization; licensing of milk ti 8ement. dealers. 97.47 Imitation dairy products in public in- 97.05 Coun tel' freezers licensed. stitutions. 97.06 Food processor's license. 97.48 High moisture and low fat cheese. 97.08 Special dairy and food inspectors. 97.49 Excess moisture cheese. 97.09 Regulation of soda water business. 97.50 Cheese food compounds. 97.10 Bakery license. 97.51 Cheese boxes must be clean. 97.11 Confectionary license. 97.52 Fraud in labeling cheese. 97.12 Bakery and confectionary license re­ 97.53 Adulteration of meats. quirements. 97.54 Sausage; sausage mixture. 97.25 Drugs and foods; adulteration. 97.55 Meat from dead or diseased animals. 9J .26 Foods; manufacture; sale; sanitary 97.555 Labeling of horsemeat. regulations. 97.56 Kosher meat. 97.27 Sale of certain foods regulated and 97.57 Buckwheat flour compound. restricted. 97.59 Impure ice. 97.275 Sale of rosefish.
    [Show full text]
  • 11111111 TWO DAYS . 4 195.2 Cow/J.61 Tettl Ita Diciuy
    354 February, 1952 7 1 .11111111 TWO DAYS . 4 195.2 cow/J.61 tettl Ita diciuy COLTS -- Feeding and Raising . BRAUNS Northwest Morgans SELL SUBSCRIPTIONS to the MORGAN HORSE Magazine Win Valuable Horse Prizes! ONE YEAR: $3.50 TWO YEARS, $6.00 (11 Copies) (24 Copies) Show your friends this copy of the MORGAN HORSE Magazine. Let them read the stories and look at the pictures. Almost everyone loves horses, and they are a subject of interest to both young and old. Your friends will like the Morgan Magazine, will want to subscribe to it. In addition to obtaining this valuable monthly periodical they will also be help- ing you to win the valuable prizes described on these pages. Here is your opportunity to get that equipment you have long wanted! Because of the high quality of the prizes given, only new subscribers will count in this contest. Mail their checks immediately to The Morgan Horse Magazine. Leominster, Mass. We will mail acknowledgement direct to your customer and credit your account and you may select your prize after you have turned in 5. 10 or 25 subscriptions. PRIZE NO. 4—FRONTIER SUIT Prizes Shipped Direct From +++++++++4'+++++4.*+4.-:-.-:."."'''''e-:-:-:-.:-:-:-4-'-:-:-:---1-:-:-.1-1-:-:-.1-:-4-1 3. Cotter's Saddlery, Worcester, Mass. :E MAIL ALI. 1-71 !BSCRIPTIONS TO * ..!. * I. x1.: The MORGAN HORSE Ma0azine ...c... 1. T ); Leominster, Mass. X. CONTEST CLOSES APRIL 30, 105' 1: ..!: ' ..,:: Your prize will immediately be on its way to you. Wi t. At Righil • Prize No. 3 —CROCKETT HACKAMORE BIT CHOOSE ANY OF FOLLOWING PRIZES: (Renewals of old subscribers do not count toward prizes) 5 Subscriptions Give You a Choice of Prize No.
    [Show full text]
  • Composition and Characteristics of Ass's Milk
    Composition and characteristics of ass’s milk Elisabetta Salimei, Francesco Fantuz, Raffaele Coppola, Biagina Chiofalo, Paolo Polidori, Giorgio Varisco To cite this version: Elisabetta Salimei, Francesco Fantuz, Raffaele Coppola, Biagina Chiofalo, Paolo Polidori, et al.. Com- position and characteristics of ass’s milk. Animal Research, EDP Sciences, 2004, 53 (1), pp.67-78. 10.1051/animres:2003049. hal-00890002 HAL Id: hal-00890002 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00890002 Submitted on 1 Jan 2004 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Anim. Res. 53 (2004) 67–78 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2004 67 DOI: 10.1051/animres:2003049 Original article Composition and characteristics of ass’s milk1 Elisabetta SALIMEIa*, Francesco FANTUZb, Raffaele COPPOLAc, Biagina CHIOFALOd, Paolo POLIDORIb, Giorgio VARISCOe a Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi del Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy b Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy c Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Agro Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi del Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy d Dipartimento di Morfologia, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98016 Messina, Italy e Isituto Sperimentale Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell’Emilia, via Bianchi n.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Mare's Milk in the Treatment of Non
    Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(12):1568-1571 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy USE OF MARE'S MILK IN THE TREATMENT OF NON- ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS Bakytzhan Bimbetov1, Abay Zhangabylov2, Saule Aitbaeva3, Abay Bakytzhanuly3, Gulmira Utepbergenova4 1RSE "Hospital of the Medical Center" of the Department of Affairs President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan. Mangilik yel st. 80 2Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University, Almaty, N. Torekulov st. 71 3JSC "Medical University of Astana", Nur-Sultan, Beybitshilik st. 49A 4Shymkent Medical Institute of the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Khoja Akhmet Yassawi, Shymkent, A. Baytursinov st. 7 Abstract Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of Keywords: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is usually liver diseases, mare's milk, sublimated mare's milk, medical- associated with overweight, obesity and metabolic dietary properties syndrome. The major treatment offered for NAFLD is a healthy lifestyle, calorie restriction diet and regular physical activity. In this regard, mare’s milk may be considered a pathogenetically substantiated, highly effective and affordable natural health product or dietary supplement for NASH patients. Mare's milk is known for its high value due to its similarity to human breast milk in chemical composition aspects. Through a review of the literature on mare's milk, this article analyzes the medical and dietary potentials of sublimated mare's milk for NASH patients. In this study, we used a specifically developed questionnaire, as well as clinical, biochemical and ultrasound methods. INTRODUCTION Freshly drawn mare's milk is a perishable and unstable Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most product, which should be used within 3 hours after milking.
    [Show full text]
  • Narratives of Kumis Consumption and Production in Contemporary Kazakhstan Взгляды На Потребление И Изго
    NARRATIVES OF KUMIS CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION IN CONTEMPORARY KAZAKHSTAN ВЗГЛЯДЫ НА ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ И ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЕ КУМЫСА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ ҚАЗІРГІ ҚАЗАҚСТАНДА ҚЫМЫЗ ТҰТЫНУҒА ЖӘНЕ ДАЙЫНДАУҒА КӨЗҚАРАС by Sandra Real A Thesis Submitted to the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of Nazarbayev University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Eurasian Studies at NAZARBAYEV UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE NUR-SULTAN, KAZAKHSTAN 2019 ii iii © 2019 Sandra Real All Rights Reserved iv Abstract Kumis, a beverage made with fermented mare´s milk, is a part of national cuisine, symbol of health, and unique cultural identity in modern Kazakhstan. It is also a part of the traditional cycle of horse husbandry and the modern small business production that thrives in the countryside around big cities. In my study, based on the in-person and online survey of kumis consumers and on in-depth interviews with kumis producers in the two major cities of Kazakhstan, Astana and Almaty, I explore the dynamics of kumis supply chain and customer behavior and discuss how modern- day city dwellers make choices about kumis consumption while imagining the landscape, seasonality, and “natural-ness” of kumis production. Keywords: kumis, urban Kazakhstan, mare´s milk, customer behavior v Acknowledgement I want to thank my advisers Dr. Alima Bissenova and Ms. Christina Pugh for their feedback, guidance, and encouragement to develop this project and for their advices during the process of document writing. I am also thankful to my peers from the Eurasian Studies program in making me feel welcome in Kazakhstan, showing me the beauty of Kazakh culture, and assisting me with interpreting when my Russian and Kazakh speaking skills were very limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactation in the Horse: the Mineral Composition of Mare Milk H
    Lactation in the Horse: The Mineral Composition of Mare Milk H. F. SCHRYVER, O. T. OFTEDAL,* J. WILLIAMS, L. V. SODERHOLM ANDH. F. HINTZ Equine Research Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 and 'National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008 ABSTRACT Changes in the mineral composition of mare milk during lactation were studied. Milk samples were obtained from five Thoroughbred mares one to three Downloaded from times weekly from the first to the eighth week of lactation and from two of the mares for an additional 8 wk. Samples averaging 500 mL were obtained after oxytocin was administered to the mares. Each sample was analyzed for total solids, ash, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper and zinc. The concentration of all constituents except sodium and potassium decreased throughout lactation. The rates of decline of ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration were jn.nutrition.org similar, but the rates of decline of the other elements differed. Thus, the mineral com position of mare milk should be described in terms of the stage of lactation of the mare. The total solids and ash content of mare milk were 12 and 0.61 % respectively, at the end of the first week of lactation, 10.5 and 0.45% at 4 wk, 10 and 0.38% at 8 wk and 10.2 and 0.32% at 16 wk. The calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concen by on March 14, 2008 trations at the end of the same periods were 1345, 943 and 118jtg/g °fmilk at 1 wk; 1070, 659 and 86 at 4 wk; 831, 574 and 58 at 8 wk and 700, 540 and 43 /tg/g of milk at 16 wk.
    [Show full text]
  • Sialylated Oligosaccharides in Mare and Ass Milk
    Progress in Nutrition 2016; Vol. 18, N. 3: 283-287 © Mattioli 1885 Original article Sialylated oligosaccharides in mare and ass milk: preliminary results Mario Orlandi 1, Maria Claudia Curadi1, Lucia Monti2, Tiziana Maria Piera Cattaneo3 1 Department of Veterinary Science, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy - E-mail: [email protected]; 2 Research Council for Agricolture and Economics - CREA, Lodi, Italy; 3 Research Council for Agricolture and Economics - CREA, Milano, Italy Summary. In this preliminary investigation milk samples from 4 multiparous amiata asses and 5 half-breed mares belonging to the same farm located near Grosseto (Tuscany), feeding the same pasture, were collected and analyzed. Milk samples collection was performed in the first three mounths of lactation. Capillary elec- trophoresis (CE) analysis were performed to quantify 3-sialyllactose (3-SL) and 6-sialyllactose (6-SL). 3-SL and 6-SL highest amounts were found in mares samples (197.3 mg/L e 82.2 mg/L), while highest asses amounts were 45.1 mg/L and 49.8 mg/L respectively. 3-SL amounts were higher in all mares samples than in donkey samples; in mares samples 3-SL amounts were always higher than 6-SL. Key words: mare milk, ass milk, oligosaccharides, 3-sialyllactose, 6-sialyllactose Introduction in providing for the defence of the nursling is only now beginning appreciated. Non-immunoglobulins are very The term sialic acid (sia) refers to the different active against whole classes of pathogens; such multi- natural derivatives of neuraminic acid. They are electro- functional antiviral agents include an α-2 macroglobu- negatively charged monosaccharides in higher animals lin like haemoagglutination inhibitor that could inhibit and some microorganisms and they contribute to the influenza and para-influenza viruses and a1 antitrypsin enormous structural diversity of complex carbohydrates, protects against rotavirus (10).
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison Study on the Cow and Mare Milk-Clotting Activity of Withania Coagu- Lans a B a Hadi Ebrahimnejad, Fateme Hekmatynia, Shirin Mansouri
    Iranian Journal of Veterinary Received: 2019-Jun- 04 Accepted after revision: 2019- Dec- 07 Science and Technology Published online: 2020- Feb- 12 RESEARCH ARTICLE DOI: 10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.81317 A comparison study on the cow and mare milk-clotting activity of Withania coagu- lans a b a Hadi Ebrahimnejad, Fateme Hekmatynia, Shirin Mansouri a Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. b Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman, Iran. ABSTRACT The limitations of rennin application in cheese crafting usually urge the discovery of nov- el proteases. TheWithania coagulans fruits are well-known for their caseinolytic activity in cheese production. The study aims to evaluate some of the factors affecting the milk-clotting activity (MCA) of W. coagulans fruit enzymatic extract in even and odd-toed hoofed-mam- mals milk. The extracts were prepared by distilled water and normal saline and their protein content were evaluated. The time necessary for the appearance of discernible and discrete particles in the mare and cow milk by the two concentrations of saline and hydro W. coag- ulans extracts (SE and HE, respectively) was assessed at 35 and 40°C while exposing differ- ent levels of calcium chloride. The interaction of these factors on MCA was evaluated using mixed-design ANOVA. Three significant interaction patterns considering the maximum number of factors were revealed (p < 0.05). The higher extract concentration and incubation temperature (40°C) was always effective in producing the utmost MCA in these interactions. The SE was faster than HE in milk clot formation.
    [Show full text]