DOCSLIB.ORG

Trafficking in Persons Report June 2006

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trafficking in Persons Report June 2006 T RAFFICKING TRAFFICKING IN P ERSONS IN PERSONS REPORT R E P OR T — J UNE 2006 JUNE 2006 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 11335 OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY FOR GLOBAL AFFAIRS Revised June 2006 This page intentionally left blank. I N T R O D U C T I O N Dear Reader: The movement to end trafficking in persons is more than a human rights objective; it is a matter of global security. President Bush's National Security Strategy reaffirmed our belief that promoting democracy and human rights is the most effective long-term strategy for ensuring stability. Included in the Strategy's goals for ending tyranny, spreading freedom, and championing human dignity is our commitment to ending human trafficking: "Trafficking in persons is a form of modern-day slavery, and we strive for its total abolition. Future generations will not excuse those who turn a blind eye to it." Human traffickers prey on the most vulnerable and turn a commercial profit at the expense of innocent lives. The State Department's efforts to end this evil trade exemplify transformational diplomacy. We work with international partners to secure the freedom of those who are exploited and call on governments to be effective and accountable in prosecuting those who exploit. The movement to end trafficking in persons continues to gain momentum, thanks to Presidential leadership, Congressional commitment, and support from innumerable faith- based, community, human rights, and women's groups, as well as from individual citizens. Thank you for joining this abolitionist movement on behalf of the world's most vulnerable citizens. Sincerely, Condoleezza Rice Rescued children, once victims of bonded slave labor in India, stage a demonstration in New Delhi, demanding more educational opportunities to overcome the problem of child slavery. TABLE OF CONTENTS I N T R I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................5 O D The 2006 Trafficking In Persons Report: Its Purpose ......................................5 U C Focusing on Slave Labor and Sexual Slavery ...................................................6 T I O Race to The Bottom: In Search of Exploitable Migrant Workers........................................7 N Recruitment Fees and Debts For Migrant Workers: Precursor to Servitude.........................8 Labor Trafficking Through Legal Recruitment...................................................9 Myth of Movement.............................................................................................10 The Human and Societal Costs of Trafficking..................................................10 The Public Heath Impact of Sex Trafficking.................................................................11 Identifying Victims of Trafficking...............................................................................12 The Methods of Traffickers .............................................................................14 Caste and Slavery in South Asia..................................................................................................15 The Many Causes of Trafficking ......................................................................16 Trafficking and Emerging Muslim Leadership.............................................................17 Unaccompanied Minors, Trafficking, and Exploitation...................................................18 Department of Defense Responds to Labor Trafficking in Iraq.......................................19 Working To End Demand For the Victims of Sex Trafficking............................................21 Effective Strategies In Combating Trafficking ...............................................21 Child Sex Tourism.....................................................................................................24 “Trafficking In Persons” Defined......................................................................................25 More About the 2006 TIP Report......................................................................26 Trafficking and Warfare: Child Soldiers in Burma.........................................................28 II. INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES..........................................................................34 Global Law Enforcement Data.........................................................................................36 Child Domestic Servitude.................................................................................................38 The Policy of Victim Rescue..............................................................................................40 III. HEROES ACTING TO END MODERN-DAY SLAVERY..............................................................42 IV. TIER PLACEMENTS ................................................................................................46 V. MAPS (WITH REGIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT STATISTICS).......................................47 U.S. Government Domestic Anti-Trafficking Efforts............................................................53 VI. COUNTRY NARRATIVES (A to Z) .............................................................................54 VII. SPECIAL CASES...................................................................................................266 VIII. EFFORTS BY INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPERS......................................................277 IX. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS–MATRIX ..............................................................284 X. TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT .............................................................288 XI. GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS ...................................................................................290 This Report and subsequent updates are available at www.state.gov/g/tip 3 Holding money exchanged for sex, the child of a prostituted woman stands in the doorway of a brothel in Phnom Penhn, Cambodia. Children who are raised in brothels are highly vulnerable to being forced into sexual exploitation. VICTIM PROFILES The victims’ testimonies included in the report are meant to be representative only and do not include all forms of trafficking that occur. Any of these stories could unfortunately take place almost anywhere in the world. They are provided to illustrate the many forms of trafficking and the wide variety of places in which they take place. No country is immune. All names of victims that appear in this report are fictional, but unless otherwise noted, all stories are true. The photographs on this Report’s cover and most uncaptioned photographs in the Report are not images of confirmed trafficking victims, but are provided to show the myriad forms of exploitation that help define trafficking and the variety of cultures in which trafficking victims can be found. INTRODUCTION I N T R O D Nepal/India: Reena was brought to India from Nepal by her maternal aunt, who U C forced the 12-year-old girl into a New Delhi brothel shortly after arrival. The T I O brothel owner made her have sex with many clients each day. Reena could not N leave because she did not speak Hindi and had no one to whom she could turn. She frequently saw police officers collect money from the brothel owners for every new girl brought in. The brothel owner coached Reena and all the girls to tell anyone who asked that they were 25 years old and had voluntarily joined the brothel. Reena escaped after two years and now devotes her life to helping other trafficking victims escape. The 2006 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report: persons, per U.S. law, receives a “Tier 3” Its Purpose assessment in this Report. Such an assessment The Department of State is required by law to could trigger the withholding of non- submit a Report each year to the U.S. Congress humanitarian, non-trade-related assistance from on foreign governments’ efforts to eliminate the United States to that country. severe forms of trafficking in persons. This Report In assessing foreign governments’ efforts, the is the sixth annual TIP Report. It is intended to TIP Report highlights the “three P’s”— raise global awareness, to highlight the growing prosecution, protection, and prevention. But a efforts of the international community to combat victim-centered approach to trafficking requires us human trafficking, and to encourage foreign equally to address the “three R’s”— rescue, governments to take effective actions to counter rehabilitation, and reintegration. The U.S. law all forms of trafficking in persons. The Report that guides these efforts, the Trafficking Victims has increasingly focused the efforts of a growing Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000, as amended, community of nations on sharing information and makes clear from the outset that the purpose of partnering in new and important ways. combating human trafficking is to ensure just and A country that fails to make significant efforts to effective punishment of traffickers, to protect their bring itself into compliance with the minimum victims, and to prevent trafficking from occurring. standards for the elimination of trafficking in Street children, as young as two years old, are trafficked into metropolitan centers throughout India, where they are forced to beg for money. Child begging is considered a form of human trafficking. 5 Western men are known to visit destinations in Southeast Asia, such as Pattaya, Thailand, that cater to the sex tourism industry. Many of these girls are underage and therefore incapable of providing meaningful consent to what these men do to them.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Migrant Smuggling in Asia
    Migrant Smuggling in Asia An Annotated Bibliography August 2012 2 Knowledge Product: !"#$%&'()!*##+"&#("&(%)"% An Annotated Bibliography Printed: Bangkok, August 2012 Authorship: United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Copyright © 2012, UNODC e-ISBN: 978-974-680-330-4 "is publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-pro#t purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to UNODC, Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c. Cover photo: Courtesy of OCRIEST Product Feedback: Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Coordination and Analysis Unit (CAU) Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c United Nations Building, 3 rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, "ailand Fax: +66 2 281 2129 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpaci#c/ UNODC gratefully acknowledges the #nancial contribution of the Government of Australia that enabled the research for and the production of this publication. Disclaimers: "is report has not been formally edited. "e contents of this publication do not necessarily re$ect the views or policies of UNODC and neither do they imply any endorsement.
    [Show full text]
  • Emancipating Modern Slaves: the Challenges of Combating the Sex
    Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2013 Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade Rachel Mann Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Rachel, "Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade" (2013). Honors Theses. 700. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/700 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EMANCIPATING MODERN SLAVES: THE CHALLENGES OF COMBATING THE SEX TRADE By Rachel J. Mann * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Political Science UNION COLLEGE June, 2013 ABSTRACT MANN, RACHEL Emancipating Modern Slaves: The Challenges of Combating the Sex Trade, June 2013 ADVISOR: Thomas Lobe The trafficking and enslavement of women and children for sexual exploitation affects millions of victims in every region of the world. Sex trafficking operates as a business, where women are treated as commodities within a global market for sex. Traffickers profit from a supply of vulnerable women, international demand for sex slavery, and a viable means of transporting victims. Globalization and the expansion of free market capitalism have increased these factors, leading to a dramatic increase in sex trafficking. Globalization has also brought new dimensions to the fight against sex trafficking.
    [Show full text]
  • And Another Thing... Asian Writing in English
    LOGOS And another thing... Asian writing in English: Why it fails to reach a world market Leon Comber As a publisher's representative in Asia in the '50s and '60s, I often reflected that there were Asian writers whose work deserved to be published for audiences beyond their own countries. This gener­ ally involved translation into English. In those days, some British and other publishers with offices in Asia, such as Oxford University Press in Kuala Lumpur and Charles E Turtle in Tokyo, had already A graduate in Modern Chinese of built admirable lists in English translation. Times the School of Oriental and Books International and Federal Publications in African Studies in London, Leon Singapore and New Day in the Philippines were also beginning to publish Asian literature in Comber served as an officer in English. the Indian Army in World War II My concept, on behalf of Heinemann, in India, Burma and Malaya. He was to encourage creative writing in English from then entered publishing in the whole of Asia. The first book in the "Writing in Singapore in the 1950s, and from Asia Series" was Modern Malaysian Chinese Stories (1966), translated by Ly Singko, a newspaper 1960 to 1985 was Managing reporter and part-time lecturer in Chinese drama, Director of Heinemann with some help from myself. Educated at Beijing Publishers Asia Ltd, Hong Kong, University and the Sorbonne, he fell foul of the with responsibilities from Japan Singapore authorities and spent several years in Changi Jail before he was released and allowed to to Indonesia. Recently retired as migrate to Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Exploitation. a Growing Menace
    www.fondationscelles.org 2 Sexual Exploitation: A growing menace Sexual Exploitation: A growing menace 3 Fondation SCELLES Under the Direction of Yves Charpenel Deputy General Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of France President of the Fondation Scelles 3rd Global Report Sexual Exploitation A growing menace ECONOMICA 49, rue Héricart, 75015 Paris, France 4 Sexual Exploitation: A growing menace Excerpt from the Dictionary of the French Academy PROSTITUTION n. 13th century, meaning of "debauchery"; 18th century, the current meaning. From the Latin prostitutio, "prostitution, desecration." The act of having sexual relations in exchange for payment; activity consisting in practicing regularly such relations. The law does not prohibit prostitution, only soliciting and procuring. Entering into prostitution. A prostitution network. Clandestine, occasional prostitution. ANCIENT MEANING. Sacred prostitution, practiced by the female servants of the goddesses of love or fertility in certain temples and for the profit of these goddesses, in some countries of the Middle East and of the Mediterranean. The Aphrodite temple, in Corinth, was a place where sacred prostitution was practiced. Fig. Degradation, defilement to which one consents by desire of goods, honors, etc. He refuses to prostitute his talent. The prostitution of the awareness. « The proceeds from the sale of this book will be given directly to the Fondation Scelles » Translated from the original French Edition Exploitation sexuelle – Une menace qui s’étend © Ed. Economica 2014 Translation copyright © Ed. ECONOMICA, 2014 All reproduction, translation, execution and adaptation rights are reserved for all countries Sexual Exploitation: A growing menace 5 Acknowledgements This publication is the result of work by a group of researchers from the Centre de Recherches Internationales et de Documentation sur l’Exploitation Sexuelle (CRIDES, Centre for International Research and Documentation on Sexual Exploitation) of Fondation Scelles and external collaborators.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report on a Discreet Due Diligence Investigation Into Ng Lap
    FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION CN ^ In the matter of: Sheldon Adelson & Cheung Chi Tai O . S- NgLap Seng § ^ :;i ^ c ^ X MURNo.: I w' ^ R Oi COMPLAINT ^ § k 1. Campaign for Accountability ("CfA") brings this complaint before the Federal Electii!®'' Commission ("Cortimission") seeking an immediate investigation and enforcement action against Sheldon Adelson, Cheung Chi Tai, and Ng Lap Seng for direct and serious violations of ^ the Federal Election Campaign Act ("FECA") and Commission regulations. i Complainants 2. Complainant CfA is a § 501(c)(3) project dedicated to ensuring accountability in public officials and compliance with federal laws. Toward that end, CfA seeks to protect and advance the right of citizens to be informed about the activities of government officials and to ensure the integrity of government officials and the government decision-making process by exposing unethical and illegal conduct of those involved in government. CfA uses research, litigation, and communications to advance its mission. In furtherance of its mission, CfA also monitors the campaign finance activities of those who finance federal elections and publicizes information regarding those who violate federal campaign finance laws. CfA relies on the Commission's proper administration of the FECA, including its ban on foreign nationals directly or indirectly making any contributions in connection with federal, state or local elections. 52 U.S.C. § 30121. CfA is hindered in its programmatic activity when the Commission fails to enforce this ban imposed by the FECA. 3. Anne L. Weismann is the executive director of CfA, a citizen of the United States, and a registered voter and resident of the State of Maryland.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Work and the Law in Asia and the Pacific — UNDP
    SEX WORK AND THE LAW IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SEX WORK AND THE LAW IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC THE AND ASIA IN LAW THE AND WORK SEX Empowered lives. Resilient nations. United Nations Development Programme UNDP Asia-Paci c Regional Centre United Nations Service Building, 3rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] Tel: +66 (0)2 304-9100 Fax: +66 (0)2 280-2700 Web: http://asia-paci c.undp.org/ October 2012 Empowered lives. Resilient nations. The information contained in this report is drawn from multiple sources including consultation responses, an extensive literature review and expert inputs. While every effort has been taken to ensure accuracy at the time of publication, errors or omissions may have occurred. Laws, policies and law enforcement practices are constantly changing. It is hoped that the report will provide a baseline of information, to inform more detailed efforts at country level to build an accurate and complete evidence base to inform efforts to address the health and human rights of sex workers. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or UN Member States. UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. Copyright © UNDP 2012 ISBN: 978-974-680-343-4 United Nations Development Programme UNDP Asia-Pacific Regional Centre United Nations Service Building, 3rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] Tel: +66 (0)2 304-9100 Fax: +66 (0)2 280-2700 Web: http://asia-pacific.undp.org/ Design: Ian Mungall/UNDP.
    [Show full text]
  • 2006 Trafficking in Persons Report" (2006)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Human Trafficking: Data and Documents Trafficking at the University of Nebraska 2006 2006 Trafficking inersons P Report U.S. Department of State Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtraffdata Part of the Inequality and Stratification Commons U.S. Department of State, "2006 Trafficking in Persons Report" (2006). Human Trafficking: Data and Documents. 46. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtraffdata/46 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking at the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Trafficking: Data and Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. T RAFFICKING TRAFFICKING IN P ERSONS IN PERSONS REPORT R E P OR T — J UNE 2006 JUNE 2006 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 11335 OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY FOR GLOBAL AFFAIRS Revised June 2006 This page intentionally left blank. I N T R O D U C T I O N Dear Reader: The movement to end trafficking in persons is more than a human rights objective; it is a matter of global security. President Bush's National Security Strategy reaffirmed our belief that promoting democracy and human rights is the most effective long-term strategy for ensuring stability. Included in the Strategy's goals for ending tyranny, spreading freedom, and championing human dignity is our commitment to ending human trafficking: "Trafficking in persons is a form of modern-day slavery, and we strive for its total abolition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interactive Relationship Between Gender and Attitudes on Sexual Behaviour
    Sexuality Research and Social Policy https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00527-w Predicting Attitudes Towards Transactional Sex: The Interactive Relationship Between Gender and Attitudes on Sexual Behaviour Michael A. Hansen1 · Isabelle Johansson2,3 Accepted: 20 December 2020 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Introduction This article explores explanations for attitudes towards the acceptability of transactional sex. The sparse research investigating attitudes towards transactional sex uncovers a link between gender equality, or feminism, and a lack of support for the trade in sex. However, there are no research agendas that attempt to explain variance in attitudes towards transactional sex where support for gender equality is widespread throughout a population. Methods We estimate regression models utilizing the 2017 Danish Values Survey (Den Danske Værdiundersøgelse) in order to predict views on the acceptability of transactional sex. Results While the trade in sex is legal in Denmark, we fnd that a majority of respondents hold negative attitudes towards transactional sex, which conveys a lack of congruence between public opinion and policy. Further, gender is a powerful predictor of attitudes towards transactional sex, with women fnding it less acceptable. In addition, the analysis uncovers that general attitudes towards sexual behaviour are the largest predictor of views on the acceptability of transactional sex. That being said, we fnd that men’s views on the acceptability of transactional sex are more of a function of their general attitudes towards sexual behaviour than they are for women. Conclusions The fndings indicate that, unlike men, women appear to diferentiate between their attitudes towards general sexual behaviour and their views on sexual behaviour that they may associate with negative societal implications.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Women and the Cyberspace Publications Series Chinese Editedwomen Volumes 2 Chinese Women And
    Chinese Women and the Cyberspace Chinese Women Publications Series Chinese WomenEdited Volumes 2 Chinese Women and In a rapidly changing time-space compressed global environment, women in general and Chinese women in particular are in tune with digital innovations and Chinese Women the use of various forms of mass communication and and the Cyberspaceinformation technology including the web, internet the Cyberspace and mobile phone has become embodied as a way of Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce (ed.) and the Cyberspace life. Chinese women in Mainland China and the Chinese Diaspora too widely use the advancement of information technology to empower themselves with information and knowledge for their personal and social uses. Yet this technology also oppresses them. Chinese Women and the Cyberspace argues that the cyberspace could thus be viewed as four significant platforms namely Edited by as an alternative channel and an agency for foraging Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce of information, as a platform for self-expression, as a repressive platform that continues to exploit women, and as a social capital that facilitates cyber- communication and the formation of social networks. Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce is Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology and Honorary Academic Director of the Centre for Anthropological Research at the University of Hong Kong. www.aup.nl ISBN 978 90 5356 751 7 Chinese Women and the Cyberspace Publications Series General Editor Paul van der Velde Editorial Board Jennifer Holdaway (Social Science Research Council) Christopher A. Reed (Ohio State Faculty) Anand A. Yang (Director of the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies and Chair of International Studies at the University of Washington) Guobin Yang (Barnard College, Columbia University) Wim Boot (Leiden University) The ICAS Publications Series consists of Monographs, Edited Volumes and Pro- ceedings of ICAS.
    [Show full text]
  • PROSTITUTION in INDIA Rajni Bala, Ph. D. Assistant Professor
    SRJIS/BIMONTHLY / DR. RAJNI BALA (1804-1822) PROSTITUTION IN INDIA Rajni Bala, Ph. D. Assistant Professor, Ramgarhia College of Education, Phagwara (Pb.) Abstract Prostitution is one of the oldest professions of the world practiced since the birth of the organized society. Prostitution is practiced in almost all the countries and every type of society. In India, the Vedas, the earliest of the known Indian literature, abound in references to prostitution as an organized and established institution. In Indian mythology there are many references of high-class prostitution in the form of celestial demigods acting as prostitutes. They are referred to as Menaka, Rambha, Urvashi, and Thilothamma. They are described as perfect embodiments and unsurpassed beauty and feminine charms. They are highly accomplished in music and dance. They entertained divinities and their guests in the court of Lord Indira, the Lord of Hindu Gods. They were also sent to test the real depth of „tapasya‟ (penance) .Prostitution, the system that commodifies and dehumanizes the bodies and persons of women and children of both sexes for the use and profit of men, is today the object of an intense and international mainstreaming campaign that is working for the social and political acceptance of the hugely profitable industries of sex. Prostitution in India is a serious social problem and its solution has been rendered difficult by the problem of poverty. Prostitution is widely rampant in India and its main markets are in the big cities. The statistics available on the number of prostitutes operating in the country is not exact because there is so much of clandestine prostitution, in spite of such undetected prostitution the situation is horrifying.
    [Show full text]
  • 1999: Macau Page 1 of 11
    U.S. Department of State, Human Rights Reports for 1999: Macau Page 1 of 11 The State Department web site below is a permanent electro information released prior to January 20, 2001. Please see w material released since President George W. Bush took offic This site is not updated so external links may no longer func us with any questions about finding information. NOTE: External links to other Internet sites should not be co endorsement of the views contained therein. 1999 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor U.S. Department of State, February 25, 2000 MACAU Macau, a 13 square mile enclave on the south China coast, was recognized by both China and Portugal as Chinese territory under Portuguese administration until year's end. Under the " Organic Statute" of 1976, which served as the Constitution, Macau had considerable administrative, financial, and legislative autonomy from Lisbon. The Governor, appointed by the Portuguese President, had extensive powers under the Organic Statute. Both the Governor and the Legislative Assembly exercised legislative power. Voters directly elected only one-third of the legislators; the rest were appointed or elected indirectly by interest groups. However, under the principle of " one country, two systems" specified in the 1987 Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration, Macau became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on December 20, 1999 (" the handover" ). The Joint Declaration and Basic Law (the SAR's miniconstitution promulgated by China's National People's Congress (NPC) in March 1993) specify that Macau is to continue to enjoy substantial autonomy and that its economy and way of life are to remain unchanged for 50 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Children in the Sex Trade in China
    Children in the Sex Trade in China By Julia O’Connell Davidson Art. nr. 2001-2707 Save the Children works for: • A world which respects and values each child • A world which listens to children and learns • A world were all children have hope and opportunity Save the Children fights for children’s rights. We deliver immediate and lasting improvements to children’s lives worldwide. This report is written by Julia O’Connell Davidson, School of Sociology and Social Poli- cy at The University of Nottingham. (julia.o’[email protected]) ISBN 91-89366-95-6 Code no: 2001-2707 © 2001 Save the Children Sweden Author: Julia O’Connell Davidson Project leader: Ola Florin Production management: Ola Höiden Graphic Design: Petra Handin, Kapsyl Reklam Printed by: Partnerprint AB Save the Children Sweden 107 88 Stockholm Phone: +46 8 698 90 20 Fax: +46 8 698 90 25 Internet: www.rb.se/bookshop E-mail: [email protected] Contents Introduction . 5 Methodological note . 8 Migratin, Human Rights, Children’s Rights and Commercial Sex . 9 In Search of Work . 12 From Yunnan to Thailand . 15 From Vietnam to Yunnan . 18 The Demand for Commercial Sex . 23 Borders and the Sex Trade . 26 Some Conclusions . 30 The Demand for Commercial Sex . 30 Sustainable Economic Elternatives to Prostitution . 30 CSEC and Prostitution Law . 31 Acknowledgements . 34 References . 35 Introduction In China, the market for commercial sex has grown rapidly over the past 20 years, and now represents a diverse economic sector in terms of the identity, earnings and conditions of its workforce. As in other parts of the world, there is an ‘elite’ within prostitution comprised of adult women (and some men) who work inde- pendently, make relatively good money and enjoy a fairly high level of control over the terms of the contracts they enter into with clients.
    [Show full text]