2006 Trafficking in Persons Report" (2006)
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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Human Trafficking: Data and Documents Trafficking at the University of Nebraska 2006 2006 Trafficking inersons P Report U.S. Department of State Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtraffdata Part of the Inequality and Stratification Commons U.S. Department of State, "2006 Trafficking in Persons Report" (2006). Human Trafficking: Data and Documents. 46. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtraffdata/46 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking at the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Trafficking: Data and Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. T RAFFICKING TRAFFICKING IN P ERSONS IN PERSONS REPORT R E P OR T — J UNE 2006 JUNE 2006 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 11335 OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY FOR GLOBAL AFFAIRS Revised June 2006 This page intentionally left blank. I N T R O D U C T I O N Dear Reader: The movement to end trafficking in persons is more than a human rights objective; it is a matter of global security. President Bush's National Security Strategy reaffirmed our belief that promoting democracy and human rights is the most effective long-term strategy for ensuring stability. Included in the Strategy's goals for ending tyranny, spreading freedom, and championing human dignity is our commitment to ending human trafficking: "Trafficking in persons is a form of modern-day slavery, and we strive for its total abolition. Future generations will not excuse those who turn a blind eye to it." Human traffickers prey on the most vulnerable and turn a commercial profit at the expense of innocent lives. The State Department's efforts to end this evil trade exemplify transformational diplomacy. We work with international partners to secure the freedom of those who are exploited and call on governments to be effective and accountable in prosecuting those who exploit. The movement to end trafficking in persons continues to gain momentum, thanks to Presidential leadership, Congressional commitment, and support from innumerable faith- based, community, human rights, and women's groups, as well as from individual citizens. Thank you for joining this abolitionist movement on behalf of the world's most vulnerable citizens. Sincerely, Condoleezza Rice Rescued children, once victims of bonded slave labor in India, stage a demonstration in New Delhi, demanding more educational opportunities to overcome the problem of child slavery. TABLE OF CONTENTS I N T R I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................5 O D The 2006 Trafficking In Persons Report: Its Purpose ......................................5 U C Focusing on Slave Labor and Sexual Slavery ...................................................6 T I O Race to The Bottom: In Search of Exploitable Migrant Workers........................................7 N Recruitment Fees and Debts For Migrant Workers: Precursor to Servitude.........................8 Labor Trafficking Through Legal Recruitment...................................................9 Myth of Movement.............................................................................................10 The Human and Societal Costs of Trafficking..................................................10 The Public Heath Impact of Sex Trafficking.................................................................11 Identifying Victims of Trafficking...............................................................................12 The Methods of Traffickers .............................................................................14 Caste and Slavery in South Asia..................................................................................................15 The Many Causes of Trafficking ......................................................................16 Trafficking and Emerging Muslim Leadership.............................................................17 Unaccompanied Minors, Trafficking, and Exploitation...................................................18 Department of Defense Responds to Labor Trafficking in Iraq.......................................19 Working To End Demand For the Victims of Sex Trafficking............................................21 Effective Strategies In Combating Trafficking ...............................................21 Child Sex Tourism.....................................................................................................24 “Trafficking In Persons” Defined......................................................................................25 More About the 2006 TIP Report......................................................................26 Trafficking and Warfare: Child Soldiers in Burma.........................................................28 II. INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES..........................................................................34 Global Law Enforcement Data.........................................................................................36 Child Domestic Servitude.................................................................................................38 The Policy of Victim Rescue..............................................................................................40 III. HEROES ACTING TO END MODERN-DAY SLAVERY..............................................................42 IV. TIER PLACEMENTS ................................................................................................46 V. MAPS (WITH REGIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT STATISTICS).......................................47 U.S. Government Domestic Anti-Trafficking Efforts............................................................53 VI. COUNTRY NARRATIVES (A to Z) .............................................................................54 VII. SPECIAL CASES...................................................................................................266 VIII. EFFORTS BY INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPERS......................................................277 IX. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS–MATRIX ..............................................................284 X. TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT .............................................................288 XI. GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS ...................................................................................290 This Report and subsequent updates are available at www.state.gov/g/tip 3 Holding money exchanged for sex, the child of a prostituted woman stands in the doorway of a brothel in Phnom Penhn, Cambodia. Children who are raised in brothels are highly vulnerable to being forced into sexual exploitation. VICTIM PROFILES The victims’ testimonies included in the report are meant to be representative only and do not include all forms of trafficking that occur. Any of these stories could unfortunately take place almost anywhere in the world. They are provided to illustrate the many forms of trafficking and the wide variety of places in which they take place. No country is immune. All names of victims that appear in this report are fictional, but unless otherwise noted, all stories are true. The photographs on this Report’s cover and most uncaptioned photographs in the Report are not images of confirmed trafficking victims, but are provided to show the myriad forms of exploitation that help define trafficking and the variety of cultures in which trafficking victims can be found. INTRODUCTION I N T R O D Nepal/India: Reena was brought to India from Nepal by her maternal aunt, who U C forced the 12-year-old girl into a New Delhi brothel shortly after arrival. The T I O brothel owner made her have sex with many clients each day. Reena could not N leave because she did not speak Hindi and had no one to whom she could turn. She frequently saw police officers collect money from the brothel owners for every new girl brought in. The brothel owner coached Reena and all the girls to tell anyone who asked that they were 25 years old and had voluntarily joined the brothel. Reena escaped after two years and now devotes her life to helping other trafficking victims escape. The 2006 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report: persons, per U.S. law, receives a “Tier 3” Its Purpose assessment in this Report. Such an assessment The Department of State is required by law to could trigger the withholding of non- submit a Report each year to the U.S. Congress humanitarian, non-trade-related assistance from on foreign governments’ efforts to eliminate the United States to that country. severe forms of trafficking in persons. This Report In assessing foreign governments’ efforts, the is the sixth annual TIP Report. It is intended to TIP Report highlights the “three P’s”— raise global awareness, to highlight the growing prosecution, protection, and prevention. But a efforts of the international community to combat victim-centered approach to trafficking requires us human trafficking, and to encourage foreign equally to address the “three R’s”— rescue, governments to take effective actions to counter rehabilitation, and reintegration. The U.S. law all forms of trafficking in persons. The Report that guides these efforts, the Trafficking Victims has increasingly focused the efforts of a growing Protection Act (TVPA)