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Home , Alexander Harkavy, Chaim Grade, Claims Conference, Farband, Habima Theatre, Jacob Gordin

YIVO YIVONEWS Institute for Jewish Research hHuu† • thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr u hHuu† pui hshgu, No.200 • Fall 2005 and Medicine Groundbreaking Conference to Take Place in November

some of the nation’s outstanding experts in medicine and related fields, including at least one Nobel laureate, who will explore the history of Jews in medicine and their roles and responsibilities today. Topics include medical ethics, the role of women, the attraction of the medical field for Jews and issues related to the boycott of Israeli academi- cians and physicians at international meetings. The confer- ence is expected to be of interest to the general public as well as medical and health professionals. Concurrent with the conference, an exhibition will focus on the subject with artifacts and documents from the ex- tensive YIVO Archives. n the occasion of its 80th anniversary, YIVO is spon- “Since the Talmudic period, a millennium and a half soring an historic conference, “Jews and Medicine — ago, the study of medicine has attracted young Jews OIn the Footsteps of Maimonides: The Jewish Doctor as of a scholarly bent,” noted Dr. Sherwin Nuland, M.D., Healer, Scientist and Intellectual.” The November 6th con- F.A.C.S., of Yale University School of Medicine, a member ference initiated by the Board of Overseers, will feature [continued on page 8] Claims Conference and French Shoah Foundation YIVO Awarded $220,000 for Holocaust Archive

he YIVO Archives has been awarded two grants total- ing $220,000 to support major preservation and cata- Tloging efforts. The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against is providing $100,000 toward the cre- ation of new microfilms of core collections in the YIVO Holocaust Archive, as well as electronic finding aids. The microfilms are designed to replace existing copies made by YIVO in the 1940s and 1950s, which are now deteriorating. The new finding aids will be available to researchers via Google Internet searches and will be downloadable. In addition, the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah (FMS) in , founded in 2000 by an order of the French government, is providing 100,000 Euros (equivalent to $120,000) toward the YIVO Holocaust Archive Project. Jewish children who survived the war welcome actress Molly Picon to Le Colonie Scalaire (, 1946). The grant from the FMS — known in English as the CONTENTS Foundation for the Remembrance of — will Chairman’s Message . . . .2 YIVO News ...... 12 serve as a matching grant to that of the Claims Conference. Executive Director ...... 3 Mission ...... 14 However, it will be used especially on the microfilming YIVO Donors ...... 4 Center .16 and digitization of thousands of documents in the French Development ...... 5 Library ...... 18 collections in the YIVO Archives. Those documents will Directors, Overseers . .6, 7 Archives ...... 22 be linked to electronic finding aids in English and French. Nusakh Vilne ...... 9 New Accessions ...... 25 Under the FMS grant, the French-language finding aids will be sent to the Centre de Documentation Juive Encyclopedia ...... 10 Letters ...... 29 Contemporaine (Center for the Documentation of Publications ...... 11 Section . . . . .30-36 [continued on page 21] YIVO News From the Chairman of the Board Bright Future Ahead Founded in 1925 in Vilna, , as the Yiddish Scientific Institute and headquartered s I leafed through the traditionally in since 1940, YIVO is devoted to proofs for this issue of sung by hus- the history, society and culture of Ashkenazic AYedies/YIVO News, I was struck band to wife at Jewry and to the influence of that culture as it once again by the tremendous the beginning developed in the Americas. Today, YIVO variety and vitality of YIVO’s of Shabes and Bruce Slovin stands as the preeminent center for East work. Our strengths are many “Long Live the European ; Yiddish language, and impressive. At YIVO we can Land of the Free,” both with literature and folklore; and the study of the offer expertise and research as- music by American Jewish immigrant experience. sistance on the broadest range of and printed in New York. This Jewish-related topics, thanks to A founding partner of the Center for Jewish “YIVO is a place for History, YIVO holds the following constituent the unique talents of our staff candid intellectual memberships: • American Historical Associa- and volunteers. Our archives exchange and discourse.” tion • American Association of Professors of and library make accessible a Yiddish • Association for Jewish Studies • wonderland of truly irreplace- Association of Jewish Libraries • Council of able items, both the seemingly experience got me thinking Archives and Research Libraries in Jewish quotidian and the one-of-a-kind. about yesterday, today and Studies • Museums Council of If you want to hear a top tomorrow. • Society of American Archivists and • World Ladino scholar discuss the Because YIVO connects the Congress of Jewish Studies. of Salonika, world of my father with today, Chairman of the Board: Bruce Slovin listen to five contemporary it is the place to research in Jewish authors talk about their depth almost any aspect of Carl J. Rheins Executive Director: craft, examine a manuscript of Jewish life, history and culture. Director of Development Genesis in the ancient Samaritan It is also a place in which we and External Affairs: Ella Levine script, read autobiographies of can feel the long line of foot- Director of Finance and Jewish immigrants to America, steps in which we follow, as we Administration: Anthony Megino explore the history of Jewish go forward with innovative cooperative communities or plans and ideas. Dean of the Library and Once again YIVO is a place Senior Research Librarian: Brad Sabin Hill understand the importance of food in the Jewish family today, for candid intellectual exchange Chief Archivist: Fruma Mohrer YIVO is the place to be! and discourse. We begin this Head Librarian: Aviva Astrinsky Just the other day I was in year with a great symposium on Associate Dean of the Max Weinreich the stacks of the archives look- November 6, 2005, “Jews and Center/Yiddish Editor: Hershl Glasser ing through the acid-free boxes Medicine — In the Footsteps of containing documents, manu- Maimonides: The Jewish Doctor Editor: Elise L. F. Fischer scripts, letters, photographs, as Healer, Scientist and Intellec- Production Editors: postcards — all pieces of our tual.” This is an opportunity to Jerry Cheslow, Michele Alperin history and culture. In reality, bring outstanding physicians, Contributors: every piece is interesting and ethicists and public intellectuals David Ben-Arie, Jesse Aaron Cohen, Krysia Fisher, related to every other piece, in together with the broadest YIVO Leo Greenbaum, Kathleen Laux, Abraham Lichtenbaum, a vast crazy quilt embodying audience. I hope you will join Yeshaya Metal, Chana Mlotek, Stephanie Newman, Jewish life, history and contem- us at the symposium, but if Lyudmila Sholokhova, Miryam-Khaye Seigel and you cannot, it will be simulcast Lorin Sklamberg porary innovation. It was fasci- nating. online, then archived on our 15 West 16th Street In one set of containers were redesignedwww state-of-the-art..org web New York, NY 10011-6301 the records of landsmanshaftn site at . Phone: (212) 246-6080 arranged in alphabetical order. When you read this issue of Fax: (212) 292-1892 the YIVO newsletter, I hope you www.yivo.org It touched me to see this docu- e-mail to Yedies: [email protected] mentation — the photographs feel the same way I do: a great and newsletters — of the com- pride in YIVO and a tremen- munal societies formed in dous optimism about the future. YIVO America by people in my We have come so far, working Institute for Jewish Research father’s generation. I also saw and celebrating together. Today hHuu† • thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr sheet music — copies of “Eishes and tomorrow — there is such a Chayil” (A Woman of Valor), bright future ahead. 2 YIVO News Fall 2005 From the Executive Director One Measure of Success

hroughout YIVO’s recent re- in, prepared by over 430 Jewish An evening panel scheduled for naissance, I have observed and non-Jewish scholars from 16 October 20, at the Center for Tcountless achievements within countries in 11 languages: Eng- Jewish History, will explore the the Institute. Among the most lish, Hebrew, Yiddish, Polish, book’s themes and implications. remarkable is the increase in the Russian, Hungarian, Romanian, A third YIVO work based on number of publications spon- Czech, Slovak, German and original research is the New sored since 1999 — an unprece- French. All non-English articles Anthology of Yiddish Folksongs dented 16 books, more than any will be translated before the by Ruth Rubin, edited by Mark other independent Jewish re- completed manuscript is sent to Slobin and Chana Mlotek (Wayne search institute in the world. the publisher, Yale University State University Press/YIVO, Dr. Carl J. Rheins These have generally fallen in- Press, on October 1, 2006. December 2005). This work rep- to two broad categories: new Between 1992 and 2002, YIVO resents YIVO’s commitment to English-language monographs reprinted two major Yiddish lan- fostering the study of East based on the latest historical, guage classics: the 50th edition European Jewish folklore. social science and humanities of ’s classic, Col- The year 2005 also marks the research and the reprinting of lege Yiddish (1999), and The Stan- publication of two new impor- major Yiddish language refer- dard Yiddish : Rules tant Yiddish-language titles: ence works that are so essential of Yiddish Spelling (6th edition, ’s Plant for the new generation of schol- 1999). Names in Yiddish: A Handbook of ars working in Yiddish Studies. The pace of publication has Botanical Terminology (which in- In 2002, with Yale University accelerated. This year, YIVO cludes a Latin-English-Yiddish Press, YIVO published The Last plans to publish eight new titles, Taxonomic Dictionary); and the Days of the of : the largest number YIVO has newest edition of Alexander Chronicles from the Vilna published in one year since the Harkavy’s classic Yiddish- and the Camps, 1939-1944. This mid-1940s. These include the English-Hebrew Dictionary (Yale was the long-awaited English important My Future Is in Amer- University Press/YIVO). Origi- translation of the Yiddish diaries ica: Autobiographies of Eastern nally published in 1925, the of , a Bundist ac- European Jewish Immigrants (New Harkavy dictionary remains the tivist from who fled to York University Press, December best Yiddish-English-Hebrew Vilna in 1939. Edited by Benja- 2005), edited by Jocelyn Cohen dictionary in print. min Harshav of Yale University, and Daniel Soyer, based on ma- And finally, on the occasion of this work contains vast amounts terials collected by YIVO in a the 350th anniversary of Jewish of material not included in the 1942 contest for the best autobi- settlement in the 1961 YIVO Yiddish edition. ography by a Jewish immigrant and the 80th anniversary of The same year, YIVO opened a on the theme, “Why I Left the YIVO’s founding, the Institute is window on prewar Jewish life Old Country and What I Have reprinting Khaykl Hurwitz’s in Poland with Awakening Lives: Accomplished in America.” Cho- Tsofnes Paneyekh (Berdichev, Autobiographies of Jewish Youth in sen from over 200 entries and , 1817), with a new Poland before the Holocaust, edit- translated from Yiddish, this introduction by Brad Sabin Hill, ed by Professor Jeffrey Shandler book offers a compelling por- Dean of the YIVO Library. of Rutgers University and pub- trait of Eastern European Jewish Tsofnes Paneyekh was the first Yid- lished in cooperation with Yale immigrants as they integrated dish book devoted to the subject University Press. Based on themselves into American life. of America, and the first pub- materials collected in a series Equally thought provoking lished using the Eastern Euro- of YIVO autobiography contests, is Old Demons and New Debates: pean Yiddish literary standard. these poignant memoirs are the Anti-Semitism in the West (Holmes As YIVO continues to evolve, voices of a lost generation. and Meier/YIVO, 2005), edited we will ignite awareness and Intensive work began on The by David Kertzer of Brown involvement through an ever- YIVO Encyclopedia of the Jews in University, which grew out of expanding library of unique lit- Eastern in 2002, led by the May 2003 International Con- erature, based on YIVO materi- Editor-in-Chief Dr. Gershon ference in New York organized als and human expertise. I hope Hundert, Segal Professor of - by YIVO. It features the revised you will join me in celebrating ish History at McGill University papers of 14 distinguished aca- our Jewish heritage by continu- (). Seventy five percent demics and public intellectuals ing to support YIVO’s ongoing of the planned 1800 articles are who took part in the conference. publications projects. 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 3 YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Donors

We acknowledge gifts of $5,000 and above from July 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005. We also extend our gratitude to the thousands of donors who are not listed in this issue of Yedies. $100,000 + Anonymous Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah Francesca C. and Bruce Slovin Atran Foundation, Inc.

$50,000 + Estate of Michael H. Baker Smart Family Foundation Alice M. and Thomas J. Tisch Ruth and David A. Levine Cindy and David Stone Motl Zelmanowicz David M. Polen The David Berg Foundation Estate of Eda Taub The Gruss-Lipper Foundation

$25,000 + Emily A. and Len Blavatnik Helen and Jack Nash The Mandell Gisnet Trust Sylvia Brody Axelrad National Foundation for The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Fanya Gottesfeld Heller Grace and Scott Offen Stuart Schear Andrea and Warren Grover Fanny Portnoy Diane H. and Joseph S. Steinberg HSBC State of New York – Joanne Burke Department of Education $10,000 + Karen H. and William A. Ackman Joseph Alexander Foundation Lily Safra Beate and Joseph D. Becker Carol and Gershon Kekst Salo W. and Jeannette M. Baron Halina and Samson Bitensky Lazard Freres & Co. Foundation, Inc. Dibner Fund, Inc. Kenneth M. Jacobs Bettina L. and Russell S. Knapp Energy Foods of America Maurice Amado Foundation Carol and Lawrence Saper Judy and Dr. Edward L. Steinberg Betty and Leo Melamed Stanley and Ethel Glen Family Foundation S. Daniel Abraham Vivian and Edward Merrin Rosina K. Abramson and Jeffrey Glen Forward Association, Inc. Esther L. Mishkin Lotte and Robert Tartell Russell Galbut Jonathan I. Mishkin The Morris and Alma Schapiro Fund Ruth Gay Jacob J. Morowitz Triarc Companies Yvette and Larry Gralla Anna and Martin Peretz Peter W. May Herbert G. Feldman Charitable Foundation Murray & Sydell Rosenberg Foundation Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz Dorothy and David Rothbart New York Metropolitan Reference Toby and Bernard W. Nussbaum Elisabeth and Max Gitter and Research Library Agency Harry A. Wagner Eugene Herscher Nusakh Vilne, Inc. Workmen’s Circle Cultural Foundation of the Jesselson Foundation Doris L. and Martin D. Payson Southern Region Erica Jesselson Ronald O. Perelman Cathy W. and Seymour W. Zises Linda and Michael G. Jesselson Arlene and Arnold D. Richards Estate of Alexander E. Racolin $5,000 + Joan and Robert H. Arnow Arnold Goldstein Joan G. and Richard J. Scheuer Bank of America – Private Bank George A. Hambrecht Jay Schottenstein Jack Bendheim J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Vera Stern Ann and Kenneth J. Bialkin Anne and William B. Harrison, Jr. Norma and Julian Svedosh Blanche and Emanuel Binder Jerome Kern Lynn and Sy Syms Lotte and Ludwig Bravmann Constance and Harvey Krueger Mayer Tendler Stanley Chais Ruth and Sidney Lapidus The Herman Kaiser Foundation Valerie and Charles M. Diker League for Yiddish, Inc. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum First Nationwide Max Lubliner Claudia and William G. Walters Gerald J. Ford Max and Anna Levinson Foundation Bernard Weinstein Kindy and Emanuel J. Friedman Earle I. Mack Frances Weinstein Alice Ginott-Cohn and Theodore Cohn Abram Merczynski West End Financial Advisors Gittis Family Foundation NewYork State Assembly Louise Crandall and William Landberg Howard Gittis Delegation Zantker Charitable Foundation, Inc. Arlene and Morris Goldfarb Harold Ostroff Estate of Abe Feldman Diane S. and Mark Goldman Rebecca E. Rieger YIVO at 80: Spanning Continents and Generations 4 YIVO News Fall 2005 A Stage for Success Building Lasting Relationships t by Ella Levine, Director of Development and External Affairs n he job entrusted to YIVO by the Jewish people our parents to preserve our her- e is to serve those seeking a itage and our tradition of scholar-

Tand a connection to their history. Many of us were ship by maintaining YIVO. m raised with the mission of helping people under- We remain dedicated to a full Ella Levine p stand the importance of the world that well-nigh understanding of Jewish life, by o

perished over a half-century ago and to preserve drawing on the resources of the l YIVO’s tradition of superior Jewish learning and past and present. Our work is animated by a e scholarship. Philanthropy has always been a criti- shared commitment to the rigors of modern schol- v cal part of Jewishness, and it ensures the survival arship and the perseverance of our culture. of this fine institution. By building a long-lasting This shared commitment has also been the basis e relationship with YIVO, you become a partner in of your vital support for the hard but necessary D protecting and sustaining Jewish historical values. work of preserving, teaching and passing along “Having begun my Jewish education in Vilna, our Jewish heritage, languages and history to cur- knowing the home of YIVO in Vilna and now rent and future generations. The resources of being part of the same YIVO right here in New YIVO also play an essential role in advancing York is very emotional and satisfying,” writes Jewish scholarship. Esther Hautzig, member of the Board of Directors You can help tell the unique East European of Nusakh Vilne (see related article, page 9). Jewish story. We seek to maintain a special rela- YIVO now takes on the added responsibility of tionship with our supporters, our most important memorializing Vilna Jews through an annual lec- shlikhim, in transmitting the Jewish cultural her- ture made possible by the newly established itage to coming generations. YIVO has been an Nusakh Vilne endowment. Moreover, the YIVO essential part of Jewish history for the past 80 Archives has received the entire correspondence years. If you make a planned gift or create a lega- and records for the last 57 years of Nusakh Vilne. cy for YIVO, your tzedakah will help to ensure that This and similar gifts enhance YIVO as a major YIVO will thrive beyond your lifetime, so it can resource for future Holocaust historians, a place serve generations to come. that embraces our history and culture for now and Tasty Year at Food as Roots Classes the future. I am privileged to be a member of a rare group of people who are such important links in YIVO’s IVO’s fourth annual special history. It reinforces the continuing and Food As Roots series powerful ties to my own — and our — Jewish Yexplored different Jewish family roots and culture. cultures and their rela- We must help one another if we feel a sense of tionships to Italian, vege- shared heritage, history and destiny. With your tarian and Passover holi- ongoing friendship and support YIVO will be able day cooking. The three to reach the next generation. By continuing to pre- events — one of which serve, tell and teach our history through YIVO, we drew 60 participants — build a stronger and brighter future. Help us con- featured acclaimed chefs tinue to foster new generations of active Jewish Peter Berley and Mark Chef Mark Strausman is presented with a learners and leaders. Strausman, and Judy special YIVO award. You may wish to make a gift that will provide Marlow from Simply immediate benefits to YIVO, or you may want to Divine caterers. The hard create an endowment fund, providing support in work and dedication of co-chairs Cathy Zises and Katja Goldman perpetuity. YIVO takes great pride in the number made this the most successful series yet. of supporters who have chosen this way of honor- The first class at the home of Caryl and Englander, fea- ing the memory of their loved ones. Doing so cre- tured Peter Berley, former executive chef of Angelica Kitchen and ates a legacy and commemorates the lives of those current award winning cookbook author. we hold so dear. Another way to establish an The second class with Mark Strausman, chef and co-owner of enduring connection with Jewish history and Coco Pazzo and head chef of Fred’s at Barneys New York, was scholarship through YIVO is by leaving a lasting held at the home of Katja Goldman and Michael Sonnenfeldt. legacy in your will. We are reaching out to the It featured a wide range of Italian Jewish recipes. Guest speaker Jewish community at large with a life-affirming Mimi Sheraton, author and former New York Times food critic, message: we have inherited the obligation from [continued on page 21] 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 5 Leaders in Business, Medicine, Academics and Finance New Directors Elected to YIVO Board

s YIVO proudly welcomes three new members to its National Board of Directors, increasing r its membership to 30. o

t Stanley and Clinical Professor of Zises is c Chais, Psychiatry in the College of continuing a

e Milton Medicine at Wright State family tradi- r

i Kramer, University in Dayton, Ohio. tion of lead- MD, and He served as a captain in the ership and D Seymour U.S. Army Medical Corps from support for

f W. Zises are 1958-60. Kramer joined the fac- Israel Bonds

o leaders in a ulty in Psychiatry at the Uni- and current- broad range versity of Cincinnati in 1960 ly serves on

d of organi- where he rose to the rank of full the Board r zations. professor. He opened the sleep of the a Stanley Chais Together, and dream laboratory at the Seymour W. Zises Bronfman

o they bring Veterans Adminstration Hospital Center for

B business, academic and legal in Cincinnati, where he served Jewish Life at New York depth to the Board. as Assistant Chief of Psychiatry University. Previously he served and Acting Chief of the Re- on the Executive Committee and Stanley Chais is a business- search Service. He was a found- the Board of the UJA-Federation man who has been involved in ing member of the Association of New York and as President charitable activities his entire of Sleep Disorders Centers (now and Board member of the Baron adult life. He has been awarded the Academy of Sleep Medi- de Hirsch Fund. Zises founded honorary doctorates from two cine). the Associates of the American Israeli institutions — the Weiz- Kramer Friends of the Israel Museum, mann Institute and the Hebrew joined the cofounded the Roundtable University of Jerusalem — and Psychiatry Political Action Committee an honorary fellowship from the Department and chaired major fundraising Technion, also in Israel. A partial at the Uni- dinners for the America–Israel list of the organizations on versity of Public Affairs Committee whose national Boards Chais Mississippi (AIPAC). He is also involved serves includes: Hillel, the Weiz- in 1982 as with the Jaffe Institute, Colel mann Institute of Science, the Professor of and the Jewish Board of Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Psychiatry Family and Children’s Services. the Technion-Israel Institute of and Direc- Seymour Zises and his wife, Milton Kramer, MD Technology and the American tor of the Cathy Zises, Chair of YIVO’s Jewish Joint Distribution Com- division of Leadership Forum, reside in mittee. Chais resides in Beverly Somnology (Sleep Medicine), New York City. Hills and New York City. the first such Division in the country. He returned to Cincin- Spanning Continents Dr. Milton Kramer is Clinical nati in 1984 to open a Sleep Cen- Professor of Psychiatry at the ter at Bethesda Hospital. He College of Medi- moved to New York in 1999. cine of University and Kramer is the editor of four the School of Medicine of New books dealing primarily with York University. He was director dreams and the diagnosis and of the Sleep Consultation Ser- treatment of sleep disorders and vice at New York University other health–related social issues. and is now Director of Psychia- tric Research at the Maimonides Seymour W. Zises is the presi- Medical Center in , dent and founder of Family teaching international medical Management Corporation, a graduates who are psychiatric financial firm that deals in asset residents. He is also Clinical management, growth and pro- and Generations Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus tection for individuals, families at the University of Cincinnati and not-for-profit organizations. 6 YIVO News Fall 2005 Profiles of Two of the Best and the Brightest Greenblatt and Pisar, YIVO Overseers

In each issue of Yedies, we profile two members of the new Board of Overseers, a group s formed to help guide YIVO in the coming generations. r e

first trying to understand it and the State Department and at the e

genera- trying to enjoy it.” U.S. Embassy in Paris. A visiting s Ation Ameri- Stephen Greenblatt is Cogan scholar at the Center for Ameri- r can, YIVO University Professor of the Hu- can Progress, Pisar was previ- e

Overseer manities at Harvard University. ously director of leadership v Stephen He specializes in Shakespeare, programs at the French-Ameri- Greenblatt 16th- and 17th-century English can Foundation and advised O grew up in literature, the literature of travel New York on its bid for the 2012 a kosher and exploration and literary the- Olympic Games. home in “an ory. He has written numerous Pisar was invited to join the Stephen Greenblatt intensely books, the latest being Will in the YIVO Board of Overseers in Jewish World: How Shakespeare Became 2004, but her attachment goes world.” But Shakespeare, which won two pres- back a long time. Her father's his connection to his parents’ tigious awards and was a final- side of the family, before it was world was affected by the “com- ist for several others. He is also wiped out in plicated route by which families General Editor of The Norton the Holo- made accommodations to Shakespeare and of The Norton caust, lived modernity.” His father, for Anthology of English Literature in Bialystok example, saw himself as a patri- and has cowritten a play, and Vilna, otic American who loved the Cardenio, with Charles Mee. and her mo- Red Sox, but, said Greenblatt, His research has been support- ther's, three his father “was only fully com- ed by fellowships and grants generations fortable around other Jews.” In from the National Endowment of American- the last decade two experiences for the Humanities, the Guggen- born Jews, heim, Fulbright, Howard and came from clarified for Greenblatt the lega- Leah Pisar cy of his parents, who spoke Kyoto University Foundations Budapest. Yiddish and came from the Vil- and the American Council of “For me na and Kovno gubernias. One Learned Societies. He has YIVO, with its noble mission, was a visit to the received the James Russell remarkable history and precious with Professor Moshe Halbertal Lowell Prize of the MLA, the archives, miraculously saved of the Hebrew University of British Council Prize in the from the ashes of World War II, Jerusalem; another was a Humanities and the Mellon is not only the indispensable Shakespeare lecture tour in Distinguished Humanist Award. repository of a rich heritage and Vilna and Kovno with his son. He has been elected to member- a once thriving culture,” Pisar “What’s interesting about the ship in the American Academy notes, “but also a source of American experience (of Eastern of Arts and Sciences. He is also inspiration for the future.” Europe),” he says, “is that it is a permanent fellow of the Drawing on these resources, both close and tremendously far Institute for Advanced Study she and her fellow Overseers away. My grandparents grew in . hope to engage other young up and had their teenage years He received his B.A. (summa people to meet the cultural chal- there. You can reach out and cum laude) from Yale University, lenges and opportunities that lie touch it, but it is far away, like a second B.A. from Cambridge ahead for the Jewish people. Thermopylae and Pyrmidis, University and his Ph.D. from “The saga of YIVO and its because of the catastrophic Yale. transplantation from Vilna to events of the 20th century.” Manhattan is a moving accom- His interest in YIVO “lies not Leah Pisar is completing a plishment that touches on our in resolving the ambiguity of my doctoral thesis on transatlantic destiny,” she says. “Both trage- Remember YIVO in Your Will own relationship and that of Jews diplomacy. A graduate of Har- dy and triumph are reflected in of the 20th century to this place, vard College and the Institute this effort to resurrect a culture, See Gaon but in the fascinating ambiguity of Political Studies of Paris, a world that Society Insert of the Jews’ relationship to that she served on the staff of the and Marc Chagall so tenderly for Planned Eastern European world — National Security Council in described and that Hitler and Giving Options living it, thinking it through, the Clinton White House, at Stalin so cruelly destroyed.” 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 7 Jews and Medicine [continued from page 1] of YIVO’s Board of Overseers and the inspiration as a Jewish woman in medicine. behind the conference. “During the Middle Ages e • Ezekiel Emanuel, M.D., Ph.D., Chair of the and Renaissance, Jews were among the leading

n Department of Clinical Bioethics at the National

i physicians of Europe, North Africa and the Institutes of Health. He will be speaking on

c Middle East. Even today, Jewish women and men

i “Medical Ethics from a Jewish Perspective.” enter the practice and science of medicine far out

d of proportion to their numbers in the population.” • Jerome E. Groopman, M.D., the Dina and

e Nuland further noted that Jews are prominent Raphael Recananti Professor of Medicine at practitioners, research scientists, teachers and Harvard University and Chief of the Division

M public intellectuals. As in the past, there are dis- of Experimental Medicine at the Beth Israel tinctive Jewish perspectives on today’s ever- Deaconess Medical Center, Boston. He will be d widening possibilities and moral conundrums of giving a presentation on “The Jewish Healer:

n medicine and medical science. Clinical Physician and Teacher.“

a The conference will be opened by Dr. Eric • Jonathan David Lear, Ph.D., the John U. Nef Kandel, winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Medi-

s Distinguished Service Professor of Philosophy cine, a University Professor at Columbia Univer- also serves on the Committee on Social Thought sity’s College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the w at the University of . Lear will speak on recipient of the 2001 YIVO Lifetime Achievement e “The Jewish Relationship to Psychoanalysis.” Award. J Nuland, the conference convener, is an award- • Regina Morantz-Sanchez, Ph.D., Professor of winning author, a Fellow at Yale University’s In- the History of Medicine at the University of stitute for Social and Policy Studies, and served as Michigan, will talk on “What’s Gender Got to a founding member of the Bioethics Committee of Do with It? Placing Jewish Women in the the Yale-New Haven Hospital. Nuland will speak History of Medicine.” on “The Tradition of the Jewish Doctor: Its Origin • Andrew Marks, M.D., Chairman of the Depart- and Continuity.” ment of Physiology, Director of the Center for Other speakers include: Molecular Cardiology and Clyde and Helen Wu • Sidney Altman, Ph.D., the Sterling Professor of Professor of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Medicine at the College of Physicians and Young woman Biology at Yale University and recipient of the prepares medicine Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1989. Altman’s pres- Surgeons at Columbia University. Marks has in the pharmacy entation will be on “Jews as Scientists.” been central in the struggle to alert the interna- of the Jewish tional academic community to and repel anti- • Barbara E. Bierer, M.D., Professor of Medicine at Hospital (Bendery, Semitism and anti-Zionist boycotts and ban- now Moldava, Harvard Medical School and Senior Vice Pres- nings. He will speak on “Counteracting the 1937). ident for Research at Brigham and Women’s Boycott of Israeli Academics: Preserving Aca- Hospital. She will speak about her experience demic Freedom.”

“This conference is an outstanding achievement of the newly formed YIVO Board of Overseers,” noted Dr. Carl Rheins, YIVO Executive Director. “With it we return to our roots. In Vilna, YIVO served as a place for rigorous, yet approachable intellectual discourse on subjects of con- temporary interest in Jewish life, thought and letters. Since contemporary Jewish life for us is the American Jewish landscape, we are proud to continue this tradition by exploring a subject that has deep historic roots as well as present-day importance for the American Jewish community.” For more information on the Confer- ence, which will be held at the Center for Jewish History,[email protected] 15 West 16th Street, New York, contact or (917) 606-8285. 8 YIVO News Fall 2005 New Annual Memorial Lecture Nusakh Vilne Collection Comes to YIVO

he Board of Nusakh Vilne “Our Vilna”; life in Vilna; social, that kept it alive to help others e

(Federation of Jews from communal and religious leaders; ... Having begun my Jewish n l TVilna in the United States) ap- and the destruction. education in Vilna, and knowing i proached YIVO in January to The exhibition catalog states, ... YIVO there and now becom- V donate their organizational “Over a half century ago, a ing an official part of the same

papers, publications and photo- group of Vilna Jews who had YIVO right here in New York h

graphs. They had also decided miraculously survived the Holo- City is an amazing circle! We k to endow an annual memorial caust arrived in New York ... may all take pleasure that the a lecture. The first annual Nusakh They became socially active and essence of Nusakh Vilne — its s Vilne Memorial Lecture and organized Nusakh Vilne ... to brave spirit and important Yizkor Service on September 25, continue the golden tradition of accomplishments — will live u

2005, featured Professor Samuel Vilna, the Jerusalem of Lithua- on at YIVO. In this way we can N Kassow, the Charles Northam nia, which the Nazi murderers pass the torch to the younger Professor of History at Trinity destroyed.” generations in our families, College (Connecticut). The third was the English-lan- making it possible for them to Earlier this year, two mem- guage publication in 2002 of the become involved in YIVO, its bers of the Nusakh Vilne Board Herman Kruk diaries from the activities and learning. Nusakh met with YIVO Executive Direc- Vilna ghetto and Klooga slave Vilne is now formally part of tor Dr. Carl J. Rheins. Esther labor camp. YIVO, and I am very proud.” Hautzig recalls, “His words, The first meeting in New York, Ella Levine, YIVO Director of ‘It’s an honor to welcome you!’ commemorating the liquidation Development, notes, “The life, made it special. We are proud to of the Vilna Ghetto, was held have made the formal connec- in 1948. Max Weinreich, Chaim tion between these two historic Grade, Shimen Palevsky and Vilna-born organizations.” Szmerke Kaczerginski partici- Before formally dissolving pated. their federation, founding mem- Hautzig’s connection with bers Chaya Palevsky, Fanny YIVO began in Vilna and con- Portnoy and David Rogow tinued in America. “It was donated the materials covering miraculous to realize that the organization’s history and YIVO existed in New York! In activities in Israel and America. Vilna, YIVO was part of my They included photographs, an- life,” she writes. “When I was nouncements, correspondence, born, my parents were living speeches, pamphlets, their orga- in the building where YIVO Nusakh Vilne nizational bulletin and financial had its beginning.” When she culture and traditions of Jewish Board, 2000. documents, as well as a personal arrived in the United States in Vilna are part and parcel of this memoir of the group drafted by 1947, Max and Regina Weinreich donation. Their gift to YIVO Esther Hautzig. helped her start over. will help preserve the story of Rheins wrote in the accep- The unification of the two Nusakh Vilne and its brave tance letter, “The first two organizations results from members, while reaching for- decades of your records and similar interests. The accom- ward to the future through the correspondence will prove to be plishments of Nusakh Vilne new annual lecture and the an invaluable resource for future are described in full in “Fifty ongoing exhibition at YIVO. historians of the Holocaust.” Years of the Federation of the This is a perfect fit.” The two organizations had col- Jews from Vilna in the United Our Hometown Vilna States — Nusakh Vilne (A Short laborated before on three proj- A permanent exhibition has been established at ects. The first is a wall of memo- History): 1997-1998,” a mono- YIVO to commemorate Jewish life in Vilna prior to rial plaques at YIVO, commem- graph written by David Rogow, the Holocaust. The place, the geography, the people, orating the lives of those who president of Nusakh Vilne and the social and communal structures and the destruc- perished in the Holocaust. The former managing editor of tion are all featured. The exhibition may be viewed second is a permanent exhibi- YIVO-bleter. on weekdays by appointment. To schedule a visit, tion at YIVO, entitled “Our Hautzig writes, “To let Nusakh call (212)-294-6140. Hometown Vilna.” It features Vilne disappear would be a trav- sections on the geography of esty on all the work and efforts 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 9 Project Activity Moving Forward on Schedule YIVO Encyclopedia Awarded Two New Grants a

i n the spring and summer of 2005, two

d foundations awarded major grants to

e IThe YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in . In May, the project received an p anonymous $100,000 grant to be paid o

l over three years (2005–2007). At the end

c of July, the Bernard and Audre Rapoport

y Foundation gave a one-time grant of

c $50,000. With these two grants, the ency- clopedia has successfully raised almost n $2 million since its inception in 2001, E keeping pace with its expenditures. Based in Waco, Texas, the Bernard and O Audre Rapoport Foundation supports a

V broad array of projects in areas including I health care, community building and

Y social services, arts and culture, and edu- cation. Its support of The YIVO Encyclo- Project Director Jeffrey Edelstein (center) examines map sketches pedia reflects the deep and longstanding with outgoing editorial assistant Nadia Kahn and her replacement, interest of its founder, Bernard Rapoport, Philip Wolgin. in Yiddish culture, in particular the Yid- dish press. work has increased and the rate of activity has “We are proud to have this support,” YIVO quickened. The staff is nearing the halfway point Executive Director Carl Rheins commented. “It is in the number of articles copyedited and returned crucial, especially now, as the encyclopedia enters to their contributors for final approval. its final years of production.” In addition to the encyclopedia’s longtime Project staff, working with YIVO colleagues and staff — Editor-in-Chief Gershon Hundert, Project board members, continue to seek possible new Director Jeffrey Edelstein and Copy Chief Joyce funding sources. Decisions on several pending Rappaport — freelance personnel now include a grant applications and proposals to private bibliographic researcher, Yankl Salant and an illus- donors are expected by the end of this year. trations editor, Roberta Newman. Both Salant and Meanwhile, editorial work continues apace. Newman have longstanding ties to YIVO, the More than 80 percent of the encyclopedia’s former as the past director of YIVO’s Yiddish planned 1,800 articles had been received by the Language programs and the latter as one-time end of the summer. With only one year until the curator of YIVO’s iconographic materials and, complete manuscript will be submitted to Yale more recently, as Director of New Media and University Press for publication, the volume of Special Assistant to the Executive Director. Encyclopedia Articles Posted Online

The YIVO Encyclopedia Several of www.yivo.org’s major overview articles are now available to the public on the YIVO web site. To view them, please visit , then select the “Publications” tab. • “Bund” • “Holocaust” • “Reform, Religious” Daniel Blatman, Harmon Institute David Engel, Greenberg Professor of Michael A. Meyer, Hebrew Union of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew Holocaust Studies, New York University College – Jewish Institute of Religion University of Jerusalem (Cincinnati) • “Names & Naming” • “Czech Literature” Alexander Beider, Chaville, France • “” Jonathon Bolton, Harvard University Michael Stanislawski, Nathan J. Miller • “Newspapers & Periodicals” Professor of Jewish History, Columbia • “Frankism” Avraham Greenbaum, Dinur Center for University Pawel Maciejko, Franke Institute for the Study of Jewish History, Hebrew Humanities, University of Chicago University of Jerusalem • “YIVO” Cecile Esther Kuznitz, Bard College • “Hasidism: Overview” • “Poland Since 1939” David Assaf, University David Engel, Greenberg Professor • “ & Zionist Parties” of Holocaust Studies, New York Scott Ury, Harmon Institute of University Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem 10 YIVO News Fall 2005 One of Eight New YIVO Titles YIVO to Officially Launch Old Demons in October s Israel, France, Poland, Germany, can's role in the rise of modern

Britain, Italy and Mexico. anti-Semitism. w “No other major book displays Old Demons is one of eight new e the level of expertise of Old De- YIVO publications, including:

mons,” Kertzer contends. “It • A reprint of the 1928 Ex- N puts anti-Semitism in a larger- panded Second Edition of

world context and it delves ’s Yiddish- O into the roles of Western intel- English-Hebrew Dictionary V

lectuals, who are often the with an introduction by Dovid I

leaders of a new, reconstituted Katz (Yale University Press). Y anti-Semitism.” • My Future Is in America: While some of the essays are Autobiographies of Eastern hopeful, stating that the United European Jewish Immigrants States is inhospitable to anti- (New York University Press), Semitism, others point out that edited by Jocelyn Cohen, in parts of Europe, it is again Ph.D. and Daniel Soyer, Ph.D. dangerous to wear a skullcap. It is based on entries in a 1942 ctober 20th is the official In his preface, Kertzer notes, YIVO contest for the best launch date for the long- “Not only have we been receiv- autobiography by a Jewish awaited Old Demons, New ing a disturbing series of reports O immigrant. Debates: Anti-Semitism in the of fire-bombings of , West (Holmes & Meier/YIVO desecrations of Jewish cemeter- • Plant Names in Yiddish, by Institute). Edited by Professor ies and verbal and physical as- Dr. Mordkhe Schaechter, a David I. Kertzer of Brown saults on Jews because they are Yiddish-English botanical dictionary. University, Old Demons is a com- Jews, but the blaming of Jews All YIVO books • A reprint of Max Weinreich’s pendium of essays based on for the world’s problems has will be available talks delivered at an internation- two-volume History of the again begun to gain currency.” at the Center for al conference by the same name Kertzer, an expert on Vatican- Yiddish Language. Jewish History hosted by YIVO in 2003. The Jewish relations, is the author of • Mark Slobin and Chana Bookstore book includes 15 chapters by several other books, including Mlotek’s New Anthology of (917) 606-8220. academics, philosophers, jour- the highly acclaimed The Popes Yiddish Folksongs by Ruth nalists and other public intellec- Against The Jews (Knopf/Vintage, Rubin (Wayne State Univer- tuals from the United States, 2001), which examines the Vati- sity Press). YIVO’s 80th Anniversary Celebrated at Carnegie Hall

As a central event in YIVO's 80th anniversary celebrations, acclaimed conductor and com- poser Michael Tilson Thomas held a Carnegie Hall perform- ance of his Thomashefsky's Yiddish Theater: An Evening of Remembrances (right). The per- formance honored his illustri- ous grandparents Boris and Bessie Thomashefsky, pioneers Tilson Thomas was held at the of the Yiddish theater. Tilson Manhattan home of YIVO sup- Thomas was well acquainted porters Mira and John Van with YIVO, which provided Doren (above). The perform- some of the research materials ance and the YIVO benefit for the project. Following the dinner, both held in April, performance, a reception for raised $1.1 million for YIVO. 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 11 Improves Accessibility to Information YIVO Launches New Web Site — www.yivo.org

s they live across town, or across the Atlantic,” says n September 1, 2005, YIVOwww launched.yivo.org its new state-of-the art web site at . The Ben-Arie. “From the person who might otherwise w result of a one-year redesign process, it improves not know about us, to the academic searching for e O accessibility to information about the YIVO specific information.”

N Library and Archives, educational programs, Given YIVO’s global reach, the new web site is events and publications. The site includes links to expected to play an expanding role in outreach

O online YIVO galleries and exhibitions. It will be to the next generation of YIVO scholars and sup- updated regularly with information about upcom- porters. As YIVO moves forward with digitizing V

I ing public programs, activities and news. its collections, visitors to the site will gain the abil- The new web site was shepherded through its ity to explore catalogs and collections using new Y final stages by David Ben-Arie, YIVO Develop- finding aids, subject tabs and an enhanced site ment Associate. The unique challenge the site map. posed was to convey the breadth and depth of “In every way our redesigned web site becomes YIVO’s scholarship and history, while still en- an increasingly important tool in YIVO’s educa- suring that it would be easy to navigate and tional mission,” Carl Rheins, YIVO Executive enjoyable to use. Director, notes. “Throughout this process, greater “You want the site to engage anyone, whether access — the ultimate goal — remains the same.” Hourlong Broadcast Available on YIVO Web Site BBC Radio Program Marks YIVO’s 80th

n recognition of YIVO’s 80th anni- consultation with YIVO staff mem- Kuznitz and, perhaps most moving versary, BBC Radio 4’s Archive bers via and e-mail. He of all, Vilna native and YIVO volun- IHour broadcast a one-hour docu- traveled to New York in December teer Hinda Jacobs. mentary on the history of the In- 2004 to conduct interviews and col- Whewell has illuminated the pro- stitute. Hosted by producer Tim lect sound elements for the May 28, gram throughout with materials from Whewell (a former student in YIVO’s 2005, broadcast. the YIVO collections. Readings (in intensive Uriel Weinreich Program “Plucked from the Fire” tells the Yiddish with simultaneous English in Yiddish Language, Literature and dramatic story of YIVO, from its translation) from various letters and Culture), the program, entitled founding in Vilna in 1925, to the documents are featured, as well as “YIVO at 80: Plucked from the Fire,” uprooting and move to New York vintage commercial recordings of was heard by local radio audiences City in 1940, through its emergence theater, folk and Holocaust songs, as the excerpts from Yiddish radio pro- world’s grams and examples from various premier historical folklore collection projects. library The documentary also inspired and ar- a related article on YIVO, “Heroic chives of Exploits of the ,” which Ashke- appeared in ’s Jewish Chron- nazic icle newspaper in May 2005. cultural As “YIVO at 80: Plucked from artifacts the Fire” eloquently sums up: “So in its the passion for building history lives present on. And the lost world that nurtured home that passion lives on, too. (YIVO’s) in the Collectors … have made sure its The first Executive Committee of YIVO Center voice can still be heard, loud and in America (New York City, 1941). for Jewish History. The program clear.” includes insightful interviews with You may listen to this archived as well as internationally via the BBC Chief Archivist Fruma Mohrer, wwwbroadcast.yivo.com on the YIVO web site at web site. Sound Archivist Lorin Sklamberg, or in person at the Whewell spent many months Executive Director Carl Rheins, histo- Reading Room at the Center for of preparation for the program in rians and Cecile Jewish History.

12 YIVO News Fall 2005 Report From IWO in Argentina IWO Stabilizes Yiddish Play Scripts Collection

playwrights include Mordkhe Alpersohn, Shmuel s

Glazerman and Motl Yacubovitch. These works w had been performed on the most important stages e in Argentina and .

Scripts span the years from 1899-1999, with a N concentration on 1920-1950. Most of the materials

are Yiddish manuscripts or printed booklets. O Among them one can find short plots (eynakters) V

performed as part of a longer artistic program and I sweeping dramas in dozens of acts and epilogues. Y Since impresarios, directors and actors used these original manuscripts, many contain notes or corrections to the original text, diagrams on staging, directions on performance, dates of the first presentation and the names of the artists who were selected for the roles. “Yiddish translations from Russian, French and Spanish masterpieces were performed on stages, bringing world theater to Yiddish speakers,” Lichtenbaum noted. New customs in Argentina, usually called the treyfland, are portrayed as offering immoral, tragic choices to men and women. Immigration, contrast between European and American lifestyles, adap- First page of Borg tation to country or urban life, assimilation, gener- mir dayn vayb Cover page of Erfolg (Success), by M. N. Shprinberg, signed ational conflicts, love and marriage and new gen- (Lend Me Your by the author (Buenos Aires, 1933). der roles are the emblematic topics. The scripts Wife), by Anshel also provide a vivid gallery of local types: Jewish, Shor, with a pencil diagram of the indigenous, gringos and criollos, built on preju- uring the first half of the 20th century, stage (c. 1912). Yiddish theater in Argentina developed into dices as well as on idealizations. Dan important art form. In 1943, the directors of IWO (YIVO’s Buenos Aires affiliate) formed a commission to establish a theater section in its archives. Headed by Shmuel Rollansky, David Licht and other leading Buenos Aires theater fig- ures, the section collected hundreds of posters, thousands of programs and a vast array of scripts. The records of the Association of Argentinean Jewish Artists and other private archives enriched this section. “Although badly damaged during the bombing of the IWO building in 1994,” IWO Director Abraham Lichtenbaum writes, ”the materials were rescued by a group of courageous volunteers who, with years of strenuous work, stabilized the collections.” Over the past two years the collection has been arranged and described by a team led by archivist Contact Information for IWO Argentina Silvia Hansman. It includes scripts in comedy, musical, operetta, life vignette (lebnsbild), drama, IWO Email addresses: tragedy, reinterpretation of biblical themes, chil- [email protected] Ayacucho 483 dren’s plays, as well as the specific Yiddish genres [email protected] Buenos Aires, Argentina known as kleynkunst and shund teater. Some of the [email protected]. Tel 54 11 4953 0293 authors are internationally known — Sholem Fax 54 11 4953 9614, Aleichem, Jacob Gordin and Jacob Latainer. Local 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 13 T Ther Vilna’s gentrified yellow washes gray Ther Cobblestone stepsincreasingly With achild’s gazeofdiscovery A Glazmanandsons Where M. Jutting outcenterstage At theendofSklarnaand Marlene GlassmanT YIVO’s. Her only befeltandunderstoodbyparticipatinginatripsuchas is nolonger harden clicking images for hotelsin Vilna. is nolonger, facing Gaona 4YIVONewsFall 2005 14 French woman designsspas enormous lossofourJewishheritageinEasternEur he enormityofwhatbefellourJewishextendedfamilyandthe e e Mission M. ar e Glazman andsons no J , e e ws. is myfirstpoem,inspir I community; orper Jews, supportedentir takingustoahomeforelderly some Israelipilot, Jewish thanherparents andmarriedtoahand- cence; orourbeautifulguideinPrague,more functioning andrestored totheirfullmagnifi- ings abouttheMaytrip. Three oftheparticipantssharedtheir feel- survivors. andHolocaust organizations andtheirbeneficiaries, representativesofvariousJewish ment officials, saw therebirthofcommunitiesandmetwithgovern- They Holocaust andJewish cultureandeducation. e Sixteen YIVO support- Petersburg. Bratislava andSt. Y Heritage MissionMarksYIVO’s 80th Budapest, Prague,Bratislava,St.Petersbur a rival anyin America; orencounteringhiswife, Jewish CommunityCenter, whichisboundto Distribution CommitteeoftheSt.Petersburg now iscoordinating construction fortheJoint “refusenik” from Kovno,some30yearslater, who dipitously meetingachildhoodfriendandfellow stue ie eae oJws eiae the rs touredsitesrelatedtoJewish heritage, Rosina Abramson leading Israelipoet,nowfamousinRussia old synagoguesinSt.Petersbur am notsure whatdiditthis time:seeingthe v anni- 80th its marking IVO's Heritage Mission, ray iie ihai,Bdps,Prague, Budapest, Lithuania, visited ersary, Y adkova “In Memory” eichman My fathersur With Glazmanandall In memory ofM. Reciting ourKaddishprayer The cadenceofPonar’s freight trains’ I Glazmanandsons From where M. Kept from mehorror speak abouttheHolocaust My sur haps itwasEllaLevineser from his Vilna who ar shuffle stillhear In my father’s Vilna. is nolonger, could onlytry toimagine ed bythe2005Missiontrip. ely bythePragueJewish Yidishkeyt vivor fatherwhodidnot e no longer vives inme. d g , and Budapest ope can en- Celebrating Outside ahousewithintheformerghettoinKovno. birthplace of YIVO, talismanof modicum ofJewishlife.We alwaysstopinVilna, itage andmonitoringther , CracowandWarsaw, tracingourher- and Kovno.Inthepast,wewenttoRiga,Tallin, visited Prague,Budapest,St.Petersbur our EasternEuropean Jewishroots. Thistimewe their locales. Jewish lifeaswelltheculturalamenitiesof about theuniquepastandpresent conditionsof emotions, informedbyguidesknowledgeable again. city herfatherhadfledandrefused toevervisit story assheanticipatedherfirsttriptoVilna, a Marlene Teichman’s hopesoftracingherfamily’s Russian composers;ormaybeitwassharing where herpoemsare settomusicbymajor the turningtide—hopes,dr places hasgivenmetheopportunitytowitness cultural andintellectualglory. Revisitingthese learning Hebrew andJewishculturalhistory; and Hebrew songs;highschoolstudentsinTallin kinder modern Jewishcommunitiesbecomingreality: It wasmythird YIVO Missiontothesources of This wasanother YIVO Missionfulloflifeand garten childr g, V Kabalat Shabbat ilna en inRigasinging Yiddish in St.Petersbur estoration ofsome eams tor Yidishkayt g. eestablish g, V in its ilna Mission [continued from previous page] adults in Prague and Budapest worshipping in in the Heart of the restored synagogues that were destroyed by the World: Being Jewish In n

Nazis and Soviets. Eastern Europe, by o A friend recently returned from a trip to Eastern Jonathan Kaufman; i Europe, vowing never to go back because the only and I. L. Peretz’s s s

Jews “were in cemeteries.” Not on a YIVO trip. 1893 short story, i Despite the horrors of the Holocaust these mis- “The Golem.”

sions are more than what was done to us, but are In Vilna I was M also about what we have done and are doing! amazed to see plaques written Pearl Stark in Yiddish and Lithuanian marking y experience in my Yiddish class at Work- the site where YIVO men’s Circle motivated me to make the trip. was, where Moyshe MMy fellow✁ students have shared books — A Hole Kulbak lived, where the Vilna Gaon lived, and of course, infor- Y IVO mation on the two . All this Institute for Jewish Research New YIVO plaque marking the in the city of Vilna, hHuu† • thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr house in Vilna where Dr. Max about which I had Weinreich once lived. 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301 read in ’s book, My Mother’s Sabbath Days (my class at the I want to help YIVO preserve our Jewish heritage. Workmen’s Circle read this book in Yiddish). I ❏ view all this as the Lithuanian government’s $54 – You will receive the YIVO newsletter, Yedies, recognition of our culture and presence over in Yiddish and English. many years. ❏ $180 – A set of postcards from YIVO’s Meeting with community leaders and hearing collections. about the problems within the observant commu- ❏ nity was very worthwhile. We learned about the $360 – Music CD from YIVO’s collections. Sholem Aleichem School having 200 full-time day ❏ $1000 and more – A book from YlVO’s students as well as clubs for adults. I haven’t even touched upon the pleasure of collections. Mission partici- ❏ being in Prague, bringing home a souvenir golem pants visting the Other. after visiting Loew’s grave. Also my delight construction site in seeing the changes in the Jewish community in of YASOD, the Enclosed is my contribution of $ . Budapest since my previous visit 30 years ago. So Jewish community Please charge my gift to: center in St. ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ much information to bring home and share with Petersburg. AMEX VISA MasterCard Discover family, friends and community. Card No. Exp. Date

Signature

Please make checks payable to YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. Your gift is tax deductible. Name

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5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 15 38 Years Strong YIVO’s Uriel Weinreich Program Debuts at NYU r h ummer 2005 marked the 38th Benefiting from NYU’s close e c

t proximity to the Center for

i year of the Uriel Weinreich Program in Yiddish Language, Jewish History, UWP students e n S

r Literature and Culture (UWP), and professors attended several e YIVO lectures and events. The n as well as the first year that i C YIVO coordinated the intensive UWP also sponsored a trip to

e six-week Yiddish program in the graves of Yiddish writers partnership with New York at Mount Carmel Cemetery; a W University (NYU). film screening and book reading A diverse group of 53 students with Forverts newspaper editor x participated in this year’s pro- Boris Sandler at the Congress a gram, including graduate and Cantor Dan Rous at the siem. for Jewish Culture; and a per- formance by the young Folks-

M undergraduate students, profes- sors, writers, actors, translators, Margolis, Vera Szabo and Sheva biene Troupe (an outreach musicians and retired profes- Zucker. Conversation teachers theater group composed pre- sionals. They came from all over were Donny Fifer, Paul Glasser, dominantly of UWP alumni). the United States and Canada, Eve Jochnowitz, Rivke Margolis In keeping with YIVO tradi- as well as from , Poland, and Paula Teitelbaum. tion, the UWP culminated in an Ukraine, , , In addition to grammar, litera- annual siem-hazman (graduation) and . Most were ture and conversation classes, on August 5, 2005 at the Center attending the UWP for the first students enjoyed a full program for Jewish History. Students time; several were returning for of afternoon lectures, workshops shared their newfound knowl- the second or even third sum- and films. Workshops included edge of Yiddish in a lively pro- mer to study Yiddish at a more Yiddish Song, Researching in gram of musical and theatrical advanced level. Yiddish, Theater and Trans- performances, including poems, Classes were held on the lation. Lectures were enhanced compositions, comedy and orig- Washington Square campus of by the participation of several inal sketches. Each student was NYU, with grammar and litera- professors from NYU’s Skirball presented with a certificate, and ture teachers Brukhe Caplan, Department of Hebrew and the program culminated with a Abraham Lichtenbaum, Rebecca Judaic Studies. festive reception. Scholarships Support Uriel Weinreich Program Major Sponsors Approximately 70 percent of students in the Uriel Weinreich Program Dr. Zellig Bach Scholarship Fund • Rev. Samuel A. Baker receive scholarships. This is up sharply due to rising tuition and airfare Memorial Scholarship • Eve Bonner (Leah Eisenberg Scholarship Fund) • Lillian and Joel Cohen • Congress for costs, as well as increased applications. In letters to benefactors, recipi- Jewish Culture • Forward Association • Frances Litwer ents expressed their appreciation and wrote about how they will employ Krasnow Memorial Scholarship • League for Yiddish • Tamar their newly acquired Yiddish language skills. Levin (The Ruth and Misha Schneider Memorial Fund) • The Max and Anna Levinson Foundation • Leo and Betty “I will be beginning a graduate program in in Melamed • Moyshe Mlotek • Jacob Morowitz • Plotkin Foun- which I plan to study, among other things, the contemporary Yid- dation • Bessy L. Pupko Scholarship Fund in Memory of Zelig, Abraham and Joseph (Osia) Pupko and Paula Pupko dish/ music scene. I feel well on my way to acquiring the Olkenitzkaya • Arnold and Arlene Richards • Dr. Rebecca working knowledge of Yiddish ... for my research and fieldwork.” Rieger (Leah Eisenberg Scholarship Fund) • Stuart Schear • Shayn Smulyan, Providence, RI Benyumen Shekhter Foundation • Bruce and Francesca Slovin • Frances Stern and Binyomen Feldman • Louis Williams “It’s important not for myself only, but for the inspiration of Scholarship Fund • Norman and Rosita Winston Endowment Yiddish activity in Russia in general … My plan is to make a Sponsors bilingual (English-Russian) guidebook about Ukrainian Jewish Cory (Gedalye) Breier • Alice Cohn • Estelle Glasser • Nita cemeteries." Binder Kurnick Scholarship • Ester Kodor Koyen-priz far Angelina Smirnova, St. Petersburg, Russia yidish-lerers (Esther Kodor Cohen Prize for Yiddish Teachers) • Krystal • Chava Lapin • Leon/ Leib Lensky “It has been a lively, wonderful experience, replete with fine Scholarship Fund • Perry Goldberg (Abe Goldberg Yiddish instruction, lectures, films, songs and camaraderie. I have been Language Scholarship Fund) • Dan Opatoshu • Khayele, sharing the new knowledge with my children in the hope that Moyshe and Elye Palevsky (in memory of Simon Palevsky) • Charles J. Rose they will be drawn to its richness.” Cantor Dan Rous, New York, NY 16 YIVO News Fall 2005 RECIPIENTS OF YIVO FACULTY AND GRADUATE STUDENT FELLOWSHIPS, 2004–2005 The Max Weinreich Center offers research fellowships, primarily for doctoral candidates and recent Ph.Ds., in the field of East European Jewish studies. Applications are accepted beginning in September until December 31; awards are announced in February. Current fellowship holders are: AWARD RECIPIENT AFFILIATION/TOPIC

Dina Abramowicz Dr. Pawel Maciejko Whiting Fellow, Franke Institute for the Humanities, University of Chicago Emerging Scholar “Frankism in Warsaw”

Professor Bernard Dr. Natalia Aleksiun MacCracken Fellow, Skirball Department of Hebrew Choseed Memorial and Judaic Studies, New York University “Historians on a National Mission: Polish-Jewish Historical Scholarship 1918–1939”

Rose and Isidore Dr. Michael Beizer Lecturer, Jewish History, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Drench Memorial “The American Joint Distribution Committee in Russia and the USSR”

Vladimir and Pearl Dr. Assistant Professor, Jewish Studies and Ethnomusicology, Heifetz Memorial “The Spilman Manuscript: At the Intersection of Klezmer and Cantorial Music”

Aleksander and Dr. Ela Bauer Academic Coordinator, Faculty of Law, University Alicja Hertz Memorial “The Polish Intelligentsia, German Bildung and the Jews”

Vivian Lefsky Dr. Kerstin Hoge Lecturer, Germanic , Oxford University Hort Memorial “Yiddish Writing for Children: A Linguistic Study of the Bibliotek grininke beymelekh”

Abram and Fannie Dr. Eliyana Adler Postdoctoral fellow, Meyerhoff Center for Jewish Studies, Gottlieb Immerman University of Maryland and Abraham Nathan and “Teaching in Russian Gymnasia” Bertha Daskal Weinsten Memorial

Joseph Kremen Dr. Joel Rubin Assistant Professor, Jewish Studies and Ethnomusicology, Memorial Ithaca College “The Spilman Manuscript: At the Intersection of Klezmer and Cantorial Music”

Workmen's Circle/ Dr. Joel Berkowitz Assistant Professor, Judaic Studies, State University of New York, Albany Dr. Emanuel Patt “Historical Events on the Yiddish Stage, 1881–1945” Visiting Professorship

Natalie and Mendel Scott Ury Doctoral candidate, Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University Racolin Memorial of Jerusalem, “Radical Politics, Democratic Institutions and Collective Identity among Jews in Warsaw”

Maria Salit-Gitelson Dr. Barry Trachtenberg Assistant Professor, Judaic Studies, State University of New York, Albany Tell Memorial “The Revolutionary Origins of Yiddish Scholarship"”

Dora and Mayer Dr. Heidemarie Petersen Researcher and teacher, Jewish History, University of Tendler Fellowship “Jewish Historiography and YIVO’s Historical Section”

Samuel and Flora Weiss Dr. Joanna Michlic Postdoctoral fellow, Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, Research Fellowship “Jewish Children in Poland 1939–1949: Wartime Experience, Survival and Identity”

5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 17 Yizker-bikher Remembering Zamosc, Poland y

r The YIVO Library holds more than 750 Yizker-bikher, Memorial Books, the largest collection in the United

a States. They tell the stories of Jewish communities annihilated during the Holocaust. Yizker, “Remember,” is the

r first word of a Jewish memorial prayer for the dead. Ad hoc committees of survivors compiled the books to com-

b memorate their families and friends who perished in the Holocaust. Published privately in limited quantities, the i books were intended for distribution among fellow survivors from the same town or region. However, Holocaust

L Memorial Books fulfill another obligation — Zakhor et asher asah lekha Amalek! (Deuteronomy, 25: 17) — the obligation to remember the evil that had been perpetrated against the Jewish people. The Nazis were seen as the modern day Amalekites, who attacked the ancient . Thus, the survivors of the death camps felt a com- pelling need to tell the world what had happened during the dark years of World War II. This excerpt from the YIVO Yizker-bikher collection relates the story of Zamosc, Poland, home to great , including Arye Leib, poets and leaders of the Haskala movement.

amosc is a city in the Lublin district of Poland. population to take an active role in Polish politics, Its first Jews were Sephardim from Turkey and Jews participated in the Polish rebellions of Zand Venice. In 1620 the Sephardim left for eco- 1830 and 1863. nomic reasons and were replaced by Ashkenazic Austria occupied Zamosc from 1915–1918, dur- Jews from the area. In 1648-1649, when the ing which Jewish life in the city improved greatly, Chmielnicki massacres were being perpetrated, following a period of suffering under Czarist rule. Zamosc became a refuge for Jews (because it was During the Austrian period the Mizrachi move- surrounded by a fortress). ment established a Yavne school that operated Jews were until 1923. involved in the After , the Jews were attacked by lumber, grain Polish and Ukrainian soldiers. With the increase and alcoholic of anti-Semitic acts, the economic situation deteri- beverages orated for the Jews. By the 1930s, many were businesses. In penniless and many young Jews left Zamosc. 1846 Jews were Under the influence of the Zionist movement, the managing Jews again flourished. The Yiddish newspaper brickyards, Zamoshtsher shtime (Zamosc Voice) was published flour mills, a from 1928–1939. From 1930 the publication of the soap factory Zamoshtsher vort (Zamosc Word) began. and sawmills. The Zamosc Jewish community operated a hos- The Jews came pital, an old age home, an orphanage, a shelter for from all eco- needy children and summer camps. nomic strata — The German bombing began in September 1939; businessmen, 500 Jews were killed by the Germans. Polish mobs laborers, began attacking Jews prior to German occupation wagon drivers of the city on October 7, 1939. Many Jews escaped and porters. with the Russian Army, but 5,000 remained. The The population Germans set up a Judenrat, which opened a soup included rab- kitchen, a school and a hospital to deal with a bis, hasidim typhus epidemic. from Belz and In 1941, 1,500 to 2,000 Jews were sent to the Ger, maskilim Izbica labor camp. On April 11, 1942, Jewish and Bundists, deportations began with the transport of 3,000 as well as Jews to the Belzec death camp. Deportations members of occurred again in May, August and September of the Halutz 1942, with the final liquidation of the ghetto on movement. October 16, 1942, when the remaining Jews were Yiddish writers Sholem Asch, I.L. Peretz, Peretz's son Lucjan Haskala lead- taken to Izbica and then to Belzec, where about and Hersh David Nomberg, Yiddish writer, founder of the ers were 4,000 Jews were killed. The last Jews in the local Folkist party and member of the Polish parliament. Alexander labor camps were brought to the Majdanek con- Zederbaum, centration camp in May 1943 and were liberated Yaakov Eichenbaum, Shloyme Ettinger and Y.L. by the Red Army in late 1944. Peretz. The Haskala movement urged the Jewish — Translated by Yeshaya Metal 18 YIVO News Fall 2005 YIVO Library Receives Precious Donations from Grace & Scott Offen Charitable Fund y

IVO Board of Overseers sense of humor and gentle lyri- r

member Scott Offen has cism, Utkin reflects the strug- a Ylaunched an effort to expand gle between old and new r

YIVO’s library with unique, lifestyles in the wake of the b rare and out-of-print books revolutionary changes of 1917. i from dealers and antiquarians Offen’s support has also L in America, Europe and Israel. enabled the library to buy 50 “He sent us bibliographical scanned copies of rare Yizker- lists and catalogs, encouraging bikher (memorial books for East us to order books that corre- European Jewish communities) spond with the collections pro- from the New York Public file of the YIVO Library,” says Library collection, thereby Lyudmila Sholokhova, YIVO increasing YIVO’s collection to Catalog and Acquisitions Li- 750 volumes. The copies were brarian. “At first we thought it recently digitized by the would be hard to surprise us National Yiddish Book Center. with items not yet held in our With Offen’s help, the library collections, but we found a sig- has also acquired over 100 nificant number of editions not issues of the Czech Jewish yet represented in the YIVO periodical “Zidovské zprávy” collections.” The most impor- (1925–1939) as well as one of tant finds were in Hungarian, Povest’ o Rizhem Motele, gospodine the earliest known Yiddish Czech and Russian Judaica; inspektore, ravvine Issaie i komissare newspapers, the “Tsaytung,” Jewish periodicals in Yiddish, Blokh (The Tale of Red-Haired Motele, published in Lemberg, Aus- English and other languages; Mr. Inspector, Rabbi Isaiah and tria (today Lviv, Ukraine) in rare art albums; and large Commissar Bloch) by Iosif Utkin. 1848–49. Previously, the only microfiche collections. available copy of “Tsaytung” in One example is the rare and (1903–1944), with illustrations the United States was on micro- beautiful poem Povest’ o Rizhem by Mendel Gorshman (1902– film in the Harvard University Motele, gospodine inspektore, 1972). Published in Moscow in Library. The Library looks for- ravvine Issaie i komissare Blokh 1933, the book tells the story of ward to continued cooperation (The Tale of Red-Haired Motele, the young tailor, Motele, who with the Offen Charitable Fund Mr. Inspector, Rabbi Isaiah and denounces his religion and in expanding its rare book Commissar Bloch) by Iosif Utkin becomes a commissar. With a collection. Elements of a Memorial Book

Yizker-bikher, Memorial Books, are generally comprised and Canada. In the 1950s and 1960s many more such of the following sections: books appeared in Israel, primarily in Hebrew. This body of works has become an important source of • A complete history of the Jewish community in a given material on Jewish life in Eastern Europe before and dur- town or region ing the Holocaust. However, the compilation of Yizker • Personal recollections of prewar events and personali- books has never really stopped. Some communities ties, often accompanied by photos issued second and third editions, while others commis- • Eyewitness accounts of life in the ghettos and of depor- sioned translations into English. Finally, with the demise tations and mass murders of the , many Jewish communities that were unable to commemorate their dead under the Communist • A list of all the townspeople who were annihilated. The regime have begun doing so. work was intended to serve as a tombstone for people An alphabetical list of all the towns in Central and whose final burial place is unknown. Eastern Europe whose memorial books arewww in the.yivo.com YIVO The first Yizker-bikher appeared in the late 1940s, prima- collection is posted on YIVO’s website at . rily in Yiddish, issued by survivors in the United States The books can be viewed at the YIVO Library.

5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 19 East European and American Immigrant Treasures YIVO Acquires Rabbinic Library of Benjamin Greenberg

y he late Rabbi Benjamin W. chapbooks are found in only a r (Binyomin Zev) Greenberg’s few libraries. Besides rabbinica, a collection of rabbinic and other there is also material on Jewish r T literature has been donated to history and Zionism, secular b

i the YIVO Library by his family. , English-lan- Greenberg was an exemplar of guage Judaica and partial runs L the Lithuanian tradition of rab- of uncommon serials. binic learning brought to Amer- Rabbi Greenberg was born ica with the wave of Jewish im- in 1893 in Pruzhany (Pruzan in migrants just after World War I. Poland, now Belorussia), an old His private library comprised center of Talmudic studies where thousands of volumes. the halakhic scholars Rabbi Assembled over decades, Joel Sirkes and Rabbi David b. Greenberg’s library reflects not Samuel (known as Taz) lived only a lifelong interest in rab- near the end of the 16th century. binic literature, Jewish history After studies in the renowned and contemporary Hebrew and Astronomical illustrations from A. yeshiva of Malch (Polish Malecz, Yiddish writing, but also the con- Herczl of Pressburg, Sifte Hakhamim now Belorussia), the young rabbi fluence of East European rab- (Paks, 1906). served as an officer in the Rus- binic culture and immigrant sian Army during World War I, American Jewry in the first half attaining the rank of captain of the 20th century. The rabbinic texts in the col- under the Kerensky regime. Having experienced lection stem primarily from presses in Warsaw the vicissitudes of various changes of government and Vilna in particular, but there are also many in his native region, including his arrest in Yiddish announce- volumes from other East European centers of rab- Smolensk for “counter-revolutionary activities” ment of lecture binic printing, such as Petrikov and Bilgoray in (e.g., engaging in Jewish religious education), by Rabbi M. Poland, Munkatsh and Khust in the Carpathians Rabbi Greenberg emigrated to the United States Gifter, printed and Pressburg (today Bratislava, Slovakia), as well in 1921. Until his death in 1959, he taught at the in Waterbury, as from the North American Hebrew presses in Orthodox yeshiva Vodaath in Brooklyn. Connecticut, New York and St. Louis. (Cf. the memorial volume of the Twentieth Annu- December, 1942. This library is especially important for its rich al Banquet Tendered by the Parents Associations, holdings of East Eu- Yeshivat Torah Vodaath … in honor of Rabbi Benjamin ropean Hebrew W. Greenberg [Brooklyn, 1956] and Torah Vodaath printing — in- Alumni News, May 1956.) cluding one of the YIVO’s best-known collection of rabbinic mate- last rabbinic texts rial was assembled by the scholar Matisyohu printed in Poland (Mathias) Strashun in the 19th century. Left by before the Holo- Strashun to the Jewish community of Vilna, the caust — and of rab- library became the first Jewish public library in binic works printed Eastern Europe. The Strashun collection was con- in America by im- fiscated by the Nazis, recovered by the American migrant Yiddish- Army after the war and sent to the reestablished speaking rabbis and YIVO headquarters in New York, where it is now Talmudic scholars. preserved. Especially notewor- The Greenberg collection has come to YIVO thy are a number of through the beneficence of the rabbi’s daughter, modern religious Mrs. Miriam Corn of Brooklyn, and his grandchil- texts in Yiddish and dren Eli Ben-Zev of and Aviva Chayah other Yiddish publi- Davidowitz of Brooklyn. The YIVO Institute is cations from Ortho- grateful to the Greenberg family for their generos- dox circles, many of ity in donating the collection and for their respon- which were not yet sible concern to secure a permanent home for held in the YIVO their father’s and grandfather’s books. Library. Some of — Brad Sabin Hill these books and 20 YIVO News Fall 2005 YIVO Awarded $220,000 [continued from page 1] Contemporary Jewry) in Paris, the premiere Holo- retrieving original evidence of life under the caust research center in Europe. The documents Nazis. Some of that evidence was used in the pro- s and finding aids will be available to visitors. ceedings of the Nuremberg Trials. e

YIVO began collecting original Holocaust The YIVO Holocaust Archive contains hundreds v i diaries, eyewitness accounts and ghetto records in of thousands of documents in German, French, the early 1940s, making it one of the first organi- Yiddish, Polish and Dutch covering Jewish life h zations to collect these materials. Itself a survivor under Nazi occupation across Europe, including c r of Nazi persecution whose collections in Vilna France, Poland, Germany, Belgium, Rumania, were pillaged by German occupation forces, YIVO Czechoslovakia, Holland and . Among A moved its headquarters to New York and, in 1943, them are documents on life in the Warsaw, Vilna called on the public to create the “Museum of the and Lodz ghettos as well as camps in France, Homes of the Past,” asking for contributions of Holland, Hungary, China and other countries; letters, manuscripts and artifacts of Jewish life in thousand of eyewitness accounts by survivors; Europe. People in ghettos and camps — many of and files reflecting the racial and anti-Jewish whom knew of YIVO’s prewar collection of origi- policies of the Nazi Party and its agencies. nal historical documents — hid and collected Together with Israel’s Holocaust secret diaries, old Jewish manuscripts, papers and Memorial, YIVO also played a pioneering role artifacts found in the Judenrat offices. Among the in Holocaust research and participated in biblio- best-known collectors with close ties to YIVO graphic and documentation projects that laid the were Dr. , director of the foundation for Holocaust research in the second underground Oneg Shabbat Archive in the half of the 20th century. Warsaw Ghetto, and , the Fruma Mohrer, Chief YIVO Archivist, observes, Yiddish poet and member of the Paper Brigade, “The digitization of the documents and the prepa- who risked his life to collect documents and arti- ration of English and French-language finding facts in the Vilna Ghetto. aids supported by these grants are expected to be Immediately after the war, YIVO representatives part of revolutionizing Holocaust research in the stationed in the DP camps, in Germany, France, United States and in France and in enriching Poland, and elsewhere continued in both countries.” Food as Roots [continued from page 5] discussed the similarities quickly become one of YIVO’s says, “YIVO is uniquely posi- between Italian and Jewish most popular activities. The tioned and equipped to bring cooking. At the third and final classes show how Jews adapted together diverse elements of class, held at the home of their food and cooking to the Jewish life, to share enhanced Francesca and Ivan Berkowitz, culture and traditions around resources and rich experiences the guests were involved in a them, and how food can contin- and renew our commitment to Passover dessert cooking ue to be both a link with the the Jewish community — our demonstration prepared by Judy past and a symbol of tradition past, present and future.” In the Marlow, of Simply Divine cater- and continuity. spring of 2006, YIVO is planning ers, and her staff. Cathy Zises, the Food as Roots to host its inaugural Food as The Food as Roots series has and Leadership Forum chair, Roots luncheon.

From left to right: Cathy Zises, Caryl Englander, Chef Peter Berley, Judy Marlow, Francesca Berkowitz, Linda Amster, and Katja Goldman, Co-Chair, Food as Roots. 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 21 YIVO Project Receives Two Grants Young Ladino Scholar Cataloguing Salonika Archive s t 21, Devin Naar has taught e himself to read Ladino in v i Aits traditional solitreo script. This rare ability has facilitated h

c his studies of the early 20th-

r century Jewish community in Salonika, Greece, where his A paternal grandparents had lived. Now it is enabling him to organize, catalogue and prepare for microfilming and digitiza- tion the archive of the Jewish community of Salonika, held by YIVO. The July–December proj- ect is being funded by a $15,000 grant from the Maurice Amado Foundation as well as a $7,500 grant from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. YIVO’s 11 boxes of archival material from Salonika, which Devon Naar working with the population ledgers of the Salonika community. had been known as “Jerusalem of the Balkans,” cover daily life the Nazis would make a muse- by the fact that his paternal from 1917–41. On the eve of the um for the vanquished people.” grandfather, Rabbi Benjamin Holocaust the Jewish communi- After liberation, some of the Hayim Naar, was a rabbi there. ty numbered 60,000. Most were Salonika collection got mixed in He will spend next year in killed in Auschwitz in 1943. with YIVO’s much larger collec- Greece as a Fulbright Hays Trav- The story of YIVO’s involve- tion that was sent to New York eling Fellow and in September ment with the collection — most in 1947. It sat untouched for 50 2006 will begin his doctoral of which is in Ladino — begins years until Dr. David Bunis, a studies in Sephardic History with the Nazi Eisenstadt Rosen- linguistics professor at Hebrew at Stanford University. berg Commission, set up to loot University in Jerusalem, used it The YIVO project is being ad- the intellectual property of for research on his book Voices vised by a committee of leading Jewish communities. “In 1941,” from Jewish Salonika (1999) and American, Greek and Israeli said Naar, “they confiscated the Dr. Isaac Benmayor, a linguist scholars of Sephardic and Greek Salonika communal archives.” and a Salonika native who lives Jewry. It includes Dr. Aron The material was shipped to in New York, examined the col- Rodrigue, Director, Taube Frankfort, he continues, “where lection and created a prelimi- Center for Jewish Studies, Discoveries from the Collection nary listing of documents. Stanford University; Dr. Jane “I am using Benmayor’s work Gerber, Director, Graduate • Census of the Jewish community after a dev- as a template that I am expand- Jewish Studies, Graduate astating 1917 fire showed 50,000 out of 90,000 ing, developing and reorganiz- Center, City University of New Jews were left homeless. The Greek govern- ing,” said Naar. Beyond Ladino York; Dr. Rena Molho, Professor ment prevented most Jews from rebuilding many languages are represented of Jewish History, Panteion their homes, leading to mass emigration. in the archives, including Greek, University, Athens; Dr. Isaac Hebrew, French and German. Benmayor, linguist and trans- • In 1911, when David Ben Gurion stayed with Narr is a 2005 graduate of lator of Greek and Ladino; and members of the Salonika Jewish community, Washington University in St. Dr. David Bunis, Professor of he had to win their trust. At the time, the Louis, where his award-winning Linguistics and founder of the Salonikan Jews considered Ashkenazic Jews honors thesis was entitled “A program in Ladino Studies at to be of questionable moral character. Twentieth Century Diaspora: the Hebrew University in Jeru- • Letters from other communities to Salonika, Greek Government Policy and salem. The American Sephardi asking that its matza factories produce and Jewish Immigration from Federation is providing biblio- distribute matza to their poor. Salonika, 1912–1924.” Naar’s graphic resources and intellectu- interest in Salonika was piqued al support for the project. 22 YIVO News Fall 2005 Lithuanian-Born Lazarus Goldschmidt Portrait of Orientalist and Bibliophile Donated to YIVO

ot all kalye-gevorene yeshive- but also carried out in this acumen, he was certainly one of s

bokherim (yeshiva students adopted language one of the the great Jewish orientalists of e

Nwho abandoned their traditional monumental undertakings in the 20th century. v religious observance) ended up the history of Jewish scholar- Through the kindness of his i as Yiddish writers, or socialist ship: a complete and annotated grandchildren Penny, Jonathan h

Bundists, or secular Zionists, or translation of the . His and Rosalind Goldsmith, the c apostate missionaries. Some be- Subject Concordance to the Baby- YIVO Archive has been able to r

came orientalists. In fact, at the lonian Talmud was printed post- add to its art collection a por- A turn of the last century, there humously. trait of their grandfather Laza- were so many Jewish doctoral Goldschmidt was also a He- rus Goldschmidt. The undated students of Lithuanian and brew bibliophile and bibliogra- oil painting, probably made Galician origin in the oriental pher of the first rank. He issued around the turn of the century faculties of German and Swiss a facsimile edition of the oldest or sometime before World War I, universities that it was common manuscript of the Babylonian shows a young Goldschmidt in to say Er iz a dokter in Targem Talmud, preserved in the State a stiff collar. It is the signed Unkeles, i.e., his doctorate is Library in Hamburg; a biblio- work of the accomplished based on a study of the graphic study of early editions German-Jewish portrait artist Targum, which every kheyder- of the Hebrew ; and a fac- Joseph Oppenheimer (1876-1966), yingl in Eastern Europe had simile of the earliest known whose many famous commis- learned from age five. illustrated printed in sions included Leonid Pasternak One of the most distinguished Prague in the 16th century. Gold- and the British Prime Minister of these orientalists was Semiti- schmidt’s treatise on Hebrew Harold Macmillan. cist Lazarus (Eliezer) Gold- Incunables, a little octavo volume The painting schmidt, born in Plunge, Lithua- translated from the German by now held at nia, in 1871. As a youth he stud- his son Immanuel Goldsmith, is YIVO is one of ied Talmud in the famous yeshi- riddled with invective directed two known va of Slobodka near Kovno and at the ignorance and incompe- portraits of later read Semitic and oriental tence of other Hebrew bibliogra- Goldschmidt, languages at the universities of phers, although the mistakes on both by Op- Berlin and Strassburg in Ger- which he caught them were not penheimer. many. A precocious scholar, by always mistakes. Toward the The other, the age of 21 he had published end of his life he became an made in his an Aramaic imitation of a medi- antiquarian bookseller, and the old age, now eval (an intentional sale catalogues of “Battersea hangs in the hoax) and several volumes of Books,” issued in the 1940s, are library of Ethiopic scholarship, aside from still of bibliographic interest. A the Oxford a collection of his own Hebrew collector of rare Hebraica, he Centre for poetry. His lifelong interest in built an important private li- Hebrew and bibliography was reflected in his brary which was acquired by Jewish Studies, early Bibliotheca Aethiopica (Leip- the Royal Library of Denmark in at Yarnton zig, 1892), a literary survey of Copenhagen. Manor in Portrait of the the Ethiopic language in which After emigrating to as England. It is fitting that this young scholar he specialized. Goldschmidt also a refugee in 1933, Goldschmidt great orientalist, Talmudist and Lazarus Goldschmidt, prepared a critical edition and worked as a mere private tutor, Hebrew bibliographer, Lazarus by Joseph translation of the Sefer Yetsirah but his Hebrew scholarship was Goldschmidt, who began his Oppenheimer (Book of Creation), as well as a acclaimed by both Christian and career as a Yiddish-speaking (undated). new edition of the standard dic- Jewish Hebraists throughout the yeshive-bokher in Lithuania, tionary of Talmudic Aramaic, country, who paid him tribute should be memorialized thus among many other works of ori- on his 70th birthday in 1941. in two centers of Hebrew and ental scholarship. A native Although there are several Yiddish scholarship. The YIVO Yiddish speaker, Goldschmidt published encomia from that Institute, an heir of the scholarly mastered German so thoroughly time and a number of accounts tradition of Vilna, is honored to that he prepared not only Ger- of his career, Goldschmidt’s preserve this portrait of a scion man translations of the Hebrew multi-faceted life and work of Lithuanian Talmudic learning. Bible, various post-biblical deserve a monograph. By virtue Hebrew works and the Koran, of his philological breadth and – Brad Sabin Hill 23 85th Anniversary of Masterpiece Ansky’s The : Preserved in the YIVO Archives

s n the 85 years since opened New York City

e its Warsaw premier Ballet's spring 1974 sea-

v by S. Ansky son. i I has inspired produc- was its choreographer. h tions in Yiddish and Another ballet was c world theatre, as well composed by Pearl r as interpretations in Lang and performed in

A music, film and ballet. 1977. Aaron Copland The play about posses- used the nign (wordless sion and exorcism of a song) of The Dybbuk for lover’s soul came out his Vitebsk Trio (1929), in 1920, at the end of and the music resides the 30-day mourning in the archives. period for the author, Film directors also whose real name was joined in the cultural Shloyme Zanvl phenomenon of The Rapaport. Dybbuk. A Polish ver- Music in the YIVO sion of the film came Archives tracks the out in 1938, Sidney play’s many artistic Lumet directed an metamorphoses. From adaptation of The the initial perfor- Dybbuk for television mances, by the Vilna in 1960, and an Israeli Troupe, the YIVO film entitled The Archives holds two Dybbuk of the Holy songs, “Makhmes vos?” Apple Field appeared and “Batlonim-tants,” in 1998. based on hasidic More recent incarna- melodies. Advertisement for 1930s performance of Lodovico Rocco’s tions of this play in- A year after its the opera The Dybbuk at Carnegie Hall in New York. clude a version by premier, the Yiddish Tony Award-winning Art Theatre in New author S. Ansky York presented the play brother Alexander after seeing a with music by , 1863-1920 in 1921 under the direction of theatrical production of the play performed in 2002 at the Public Maurice Schwartz, and the in 1931. Tamkin’s opera finally Theatre in New York, and a archives is home of two Joseph premiered, first as an eight- Polish performance, directed by Cherniavsky pieces for the pro- movement concert suite in Port- Krzysztof Warlikowski, which duction, “Batlonim-tants” and land, Oregon, in 1949 and then premiered on October 6, 2003, at “Dem tsadiks lid.” Then in 1922 as a full opera in New York City the "DIALOGUE-WROCLAW the in Moscow in 1951. The archives contain 2003" International Theatre performed The Dybbuk in a He- the score of another opera, by Festival. The Polish version brew translation by Hayyim Solomon Epstein (1993), which combined elements of the Nahman Bialik. The score of Joel was performed in Israel. Even Ansky drama with those of a Engel’s published musical suite George Gershwin once contem- short story by Hanna Krall in for that production appeared in plated writing an opera and which the dybbuk is a small a YIVO commemorative exhibit composed a few pages before he boy who was murdered in the on Ansky in 1980. learned that the rights belonged Warsaw Ghetto. The Dybbuk has also inspired elsewhere. Even after 85 years, The several operas. Italian composer After toying with the idea for Dybbuk continues to stir contem- Lodovico Rocca wrote an opera years, started porary artists and audiences, in 1934, and YIVO has a picture composing a ballet, Dybbuk, in inspiring new interpretations in of the opera cast at Carnegie 1972. He had hoped to finish in countries across the globe. And Hall in the 1930s. American time for Israel’s 25th anniver- much of the source material for composer David Tamkin began sary in 1973, but other commit- this classic is preserved in the working on an opera with his ments intervened, and the ballet YIVO Music Archives. 24 YIVO News Fall 2005 New Accessions to the YIVO Archives HISTORY Eugene C. Weiner, 1933–2003 s • Anita Weiner donated (via Lyn Slome of the American e Interethnic Champion Jewish Historical Society) the papers of her late husband, Rabbi Eugene Weiner, an American-Israeli v i abbi Eugene C. sociologist and activist. h Weiner (1933–2003) • Michal Diani donated (with the assistance of Professor c

Rwas dedicated to devel- Mel Scult) the papers of her father, Isaac Imber, a Yid- r oping cooperation among dish poet and early American Zionist activist. He was related to Yiddish poet Samuel Isaac Imber and to A peoples. One of three Naftali Herz Imber, who wrote the words to the Israeli North American rabbis national anthem, “.” who marched with Dr. • Barbara Arion donated a 1918 stock certificate of the Martin Luther King, Jr., in Jewish Colonial Trust. Selma, Alabama, Weiner cofounded The Abraham • Ann Bashook Leiner donated a 20-page letter (with an English translation) written by her uncle Yankel Beiser Fund Initiatives (TAFI), the largest organization describing conditions in Palestine in 1927. in Israel aimed solely at fostering coexistence between Jews and Arabs. He also edited The • Professor Moshe Amon provided additional documents for the papers of his father, Bialystok Labor Zionist pio- Handbook of Interethnic Coexistence, whose essays neer Meyer Borowski. provide theoretical and practical guidance on living in a multicultural world. • Marvin Brooks gave a bilingual Yiddish-German pass- port issued in Lida (now in ) during World War I Weiner’s wife, Anita, donated his papers to and a photograph of the Lida Jewish cemetery from the the YIVO Archives, including autobiographical same period. writings, family history material, essays, lecture • Betty Lyons donated the International Ladies Garment notes and correspondence. She observed, “He Workers Union report on the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist lived life with great fullness and believed in Factory fire. and acted on making change for the better. Yet, • Becky Peterson donated the Yiddish edition of the he was pessimistic about mankind and the evil 1913 Constitution of the International Ladies Garment impulse of human beings to be destructive Workers Union. toward each other.” • Dr. Arnold Richards, YIVO National Board member, "Song of the Born in New York City in 1933, Weiner grew donated the autobiography of Max Wilson, an activist in up in Miami and studied philosophy and He- the revolutionary movement in Minsk prior to his immi- Daughter of brew literature at Columbia University. After gration to the United States in 1906. Zion" postcard his ordination at the Jewish Theological Semi- with short poem • Irene Goldberg Stundel and Avram Stundel, parents of (Warsaw, c. 1917). nary of America (JTS) in 1960, he served as a former YIVO staff member Deborah Stundel, donated Donor: Ona congregational rabbi in Hamilton, Ontario. He three separate memoirs of their respective parents’ expe- Stonkus. later directed the Lehman Institute of Ethics riences in the wartime Soviet Union and in Mandatory at JTS. During that period he helped develop Palestine. the havurah movement, providing alternatives • Arlene Sulkes donated the autobiog- to worship, and cofounded the raphy of her grandfather Joseph International Institution for Mediation and Meyer Dressner. Historical Conciliation. • Bernard Rosen donated the memoirs Weiner made in 1969 and taught at Haifa of his father, Jacob Rosen. University. He cofounded Zahavi, an Israeli • Herbert A. Bernhard donated an organization dedicated to promoting the rights additional 67 Jewish historical of large families. While in Israel, Weiner wrote documents dating from 1869 to three books with his wife and cofounded the 1961. They relate to Palestine, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Carmel Institute for Social Studies, which con- Romania, Hungary, Argentina, ducts research and advocates on societal and Poland, Israel, Bulgaria, Egypt national issues. and Paraguay. After retiring from teaching, Weiner lived in • Toby Carliner Sanchez donated Moscow and worked with the Joint Distribu- Alex P. Korn’s translation of the tion Committee on reconnecting Jews from the entry on Barlad, Romania, from the former Soviet Union with their Judaism. At the Pinkas Hakehillot (Encyclopedia of time of his death, he was working to create a Jewish Communities), Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 1980. World Jewish Peace Corps. [continued on page 26]

5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 25 New Accessions [continued from page 25]

• Canada-based YIVO zamler Eiran

s Harris gave additional historical

e documents.

v • Martin Levinson donated the i records of Congregation Beth

h David, Saratoga, California.

c • Mark Singer donated materials on r the Woodbine, New Jersey, agricul- Stamps commemorating Hannah Szenes, Perets Goldstein, Tsvi Ben-Yaacov and Rafael Reiss issued by the Jewish National Fund (1946). Donor: Gitl Bialer. A tural colony. • Alice and Lawrence Rothbaum correspondence, speeches, an- (Shimke) Palevsky. They were donated a collection of recent mate- nouncements, pamphlets, their active in the Vilna Ghetto under- rials relating to Ethiopian Jewry. organizational bulletin and finan- ground and later as partisans. LANDSMANSHAFTN AND cial documents (see page 9 for more information). • Paul Behr gave letters written by his FAMILY HISTORIES grandfather Knut Behr from Vichy, • The following donors provided France, in 1943. • Vera Stern donated the autobio- landsmanshaft materials: Selma and • Dr. Seymour Burday donated family graphy of her grandfather, Gerson Irvin Ehrenfreund (First Toporower letters sent from the Warsaw Wirschubsky, and a memorial Ladies Sick and Benevolent So- Ghetto, as well as letters sent from album of photographs and letters ciety); Rose Linden, via Robert prewar Poland and the Soviet relating to her grandmother, Rosa Friedman of the CJH Genealogy Union. Chaskes Wirschubsky. The family Institute (Jokai Hungarian Sick and originated in Vilna and later settled Benevolent Society); Madeleine • Shamai Kizelstein gave (via in Leipzig. Okladek (Kalisher Non-Partisan Catherine Madsen of the National Relief); Richard Rosenzweig, with Yiddish Book Center) his memoir • Chaya Palevsky, Fanny Portnoy and assistance from Ann Mitchell and of Auschwitz in three versions: David Rogow gave materials on the Madeleine Okladek (Congregation Yiddish, Hebrew and English. history and activities of Nusakh Bnai Peiser); Dr. Roseline J. Wagner Vilna, including photographs, (First Kolniboloder Benevolent • Irene Birnbaum donated (via her Society); and Ben Weinstock son, Stanley Gonczanski Birnbaum) (Latichever Benevolent Society the unpublished English translation of ). of her memoir of the Warsaw Ghetto. • Family history materials were donated by Hannah and Irene • Hanna Hirshaut donated her mem- Benson, Dr. Leah R. Cook, Adi oir of the Warsaw Ghetto. Farfel, Harriet Dronska Feitelberg, • Samuel Hofman donated his chroni- Gail Goldstein-Cohen, Neal Greene, cle of occupied Poland, where he Harry Langsam, Rela Laufer, was active as a partisan. Linda Intrator Miller, Sylvia Violin Nash, Robert Nedwich, George Schwartzman, Ira B. Tumpowski and Pamela Weisberger. HOLOCAUST

• Lucille Dames donated American anti-Semitic materials from the 1930s. • Lois Monbertrand gave a leaflet published by French Jewish war veterans in the 1930s containing detailed arguments against anti- Semitism. • Professor Randolph L. Braham, preeminent expert on the Holocaust in Hungary, donated 24 reels of document copies relating to the Holocaust in Rumania, as well as a documentary film made about his life in a Hungarian forced labor Needlepoint crafted by Rosa Chaskes, Tree-planting certificate from the Jewish National Fund, pre- battalion. grandmother of the donor, picturing the sented on the occasion of the marriage of the donor’s parents. Binding of Isaac (Vilna, 1884). Donor: • Chaya Palevsky donated the pa- (Bialystok, Poland,1929) Donor: Moshe Amon. pers of her late husband, Simen Vera Stern.

26 YIVO News Fall 2005 LITERATURE, LANGUAGE Levenson, a music teacher in Lynn, AND EDUCATION Massachusetts.

• Max Blum donated additional short- • Doris B. Gold donated additional story typescripts for the papers of materials about the Folksbiene s

his father, the Yiddish writer Boris Yiddish Theater in New York. e

Blum. • Marie Hansen of Emory University v i • Shoshana Balaban Wolkowicz donated a collection of recorded donated letters from Yiddish poet transcriptions of Jewish liturgical h

Hinde Zaretsky. music. c r • Edith Bregman’s Yiddish poetry • Gifts of Jewish sheet music were

manuscripts, soon to be published made by Maddy Simon, Lyn Slome A with English translations, were of the American Jewish Historical donated by her daughter, Diana B. Society, Amy Swerdlow, Samuel S. Feld. Teicher, Anita Olshanetsky Willens and Dena Wechter, a YIVO volun- • Dr. B. Dubnov donated his Russian teer. translations of Henryk Grinberg’s Antique postcard with image of Israel Polish-language poems. • Saul Chapnick donated six Edison Zangwill. Donor: Evelyn R. Benson. vertical-cut (Hill & Dale) recordings • Lawrence H. Geller donated the of Yiddish music. These are the first • Eta Wrobel donated autobiograph- typescript and program of his play recordings of this type in the YIVO ical materials relating to her ac- “The Holocaust and the Righteous Sound Archives. Gentile.” tivities as a partisan in occupied • The following individuals made Poland. • Semen Ouzine donated his memoir donations of Jewish recordings: • Maurice Schiff donated autobio- on Soviet Yiddish folklorist and Aaron D. Beckerman (180 78-rpm graphical materials, including his historian Abraham Pribluda, some recordings), Rabbi Murray Berger, The donor and recollections of being a hidden of whose papers are in the YIVO Bernice Birnbaum, Juanita Carmi, her father on child in occupied France. Archives. Dr. Bernard Fruchtman, Miriam board the S.S. Gittelson, YIVO volunteer Goldie • Ruth Kremen donated additional Marine Perch, • Linda Greenman donated Rabbi Dr. Gold, Arlene Goldblatt, Gloria documents for the papers of her as they arrive in Albert Belton’s detailed review of Karpas, Irene Lamm (124 LPs), father-in-law, Yiddish educator America (New the published wartime memoirs of Anette Lipson and Bernie and Isaac Kremen. York City, August Joseph Cardinal Mindszenty, based Kate Sussman. 1946). Donor: on Belton’s direct personal encoun- • A special thank-you to Professor Harriet Feitelberg. ters with the cardinal, who was the Mikhl Herzog and to Columbia [continued on page 28] prelate of Hungary. University Librarian Bernard Crystal for securing the remaining records of the Great Dictionary of the Yiddish Language for the YIVO Archives. • Itche Goldberg, Yiddish teacher, editor and essayist, donated his papers pertaining to his activities in the Yidisher kultur-, cover- ing the 1960s to the 1990s. RECORDINGS, MUSIC AND THEATRE MATERIALS

• Margaret Ann Shepherd donated the papers of the Polish-American composer and pianist Sigismond Stojowski, including a dedication by Camille Saint-Saens. • Freya Rosemarin Schnitzler donated her grandfather’s arrangements of cantorial music. Jacob Rosemarin was active, as a cantor, in Portland, Maine and in Montreal. • Louise Libman donated a scrapbook on Cantor Simkha Landow, who was active in Brooklyn in the 1930s. American boy with flag (New York, ca. 1910). Donor: Rela Laufer. • Arlene Sevrinsky gave a scrap- book about her mother, Jeanette

5002 vTrcxy 002 ’ bun hHuu† pui hshgu, 27 New Accessions [continued from page 27]

• Mikhl Baran donated broadcast New York in the 1920s. These were

s tapes of the Yiddish radio program based on the artist’s memories of

e “ Radio Hour,” which growing up in Eastern Europe. he hosts weekly in New York City. v • New York-based Harold Silverman

i He provided additional materials for the records of Camp Hemshekh, donated examples of his graphic h the summer camp sponsored by work for Jewish organizations. c the Jewish Labor Bund. • Art reference materials were pro- r ART, OBJECTS, vided by Carolyn Tobias and Dr. A Chava Lapin, YIVO National Board PHOTOGRAPHS AND FILMS member. • Genia Markon of the United • Bel Kaufman and Sidney Gluck States Holocaust Memorial donated a bust, done from life in Museum donated a student 1912, of Sholem Aleichem by Arme- Hebrew-language world globe nian sculptor Numa Patlazhan dating from the 1920s. (Patlagean). It is on permanent dis- play in YIVO’s third-floor gallery. • Gitl Bialer gave a complete set of Israeli postage stamps from the • Vera Stern donated a 30” x 24” 1940s through the 1990s. needlepoint on the motif of the Binding of Isaac, crafted in 1884 by • Rosalyn Baker donated a collection her maternal grandmother. of buttons relating to Yiddish cul- Cover of The Wise Men of Chelm (New tural activities and organizations York: Hebrew Publishing Co., 1929). • Victor Shaines donated a copper in the United States. repoussé engraving by Zuni Maud, Donor: Ruth Kremen. whose papers and some artwork • Posters were donated by Andreas are in the YIVO Archives. Schmitges, Pesakh Fishman and the camp, 1939) and the Workmen’s International Youth Meeting in Circle in Israel (Jewish Labor Bund • Penny Goldsmith donated a large Dachau. in Interwar Poland and Yiddish cul- portrait of scholar, bibliographer tural activities in Australia). and Talmudist Lazarus Goldsmith, • Historic photographs were donated painted by artist Joseph by YIVO Head Librarian Aviva • Ona Stonkus donated several dozen Oppenheimer. Astrinsky (Aden Jewish couple, antique postcards with Jewish 1920s), Evelyn R. Benson, George motifs. • Natasha and Noah Brenner donated and Doris Berkowitz, Solomon Engineering a large portrait, painted by artist Bogard, Joan Braman (a photo • Pinye (Paul) and Esther Nash Joseph Margulies in 1945, of Clara Technicum album about her mother, Dr. Mary donated their collection of over (Chajele) Brandmark Brenner, a rel- faculty and 1958 Shulman and her life in ), 500 videos on Jewish themes. ative of the donors. graduating class Manny Friedman (Pinsk , • The Cinema Guild gave a copy of (, Russia). • David J. Rosen donated three water- 1919), Hilel Himmel (30 photo- Zuzana Justman’s documentary Donor: Adi Farfel. colors by Samuel Rothbort, active in graphs of the Landsberg displaced film, “Voices of the Children (of persons camp), Terezin).” Leora Klaymer Stewart (family • Agnes Vertes donated a copy of her photographs from Holocaust-related documentary prewar Warsaw), film, “Passport to Life.” Dr. Alan R. Kling • Ron Steinman and Eileen Douglas (via Professor donated a copy of their documen- Shlomo Eidelberg), tary film, “My Grandfather’s Shulamis Levin- House: The Journey Home (to Friedman (Peretz Rovno).” Shule 14, Sholem Aleichem Houses • Jerzy Lipchytz gave a copy of his in the Bronx), Holocaust-related documentary Ella Lidsky, Sonia film, “As Long as They Don’t Ruben, Lorraine Kill Me.” Rodman (photo- • Esther Hautzig donated a video and graph of Yiddish a CD-ROM about the role of pio- poet Kadye neers from Vilna in building Israel. Molodowski, taken by donor), Marjorie • Abraham Potezman donated back- J. Short (pictures ground materials on his documen- of Jewish life in tary-in-the-making about the Jewish Boston), Yehuda community of Pinczow, Poland. Singer (Zbaszyn, Poland, refugee

28 YIVO News Fall 2005 Letters to YIVO

Letters should be sent to YIVO at 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301 s [email protected]. r or via e-mail to e

Yiddish Statistics Prewar Holland Kacyzne Photograph t t

I am preparing a radio program I am giving a talk about my Letter written after YIVO located e

on some music from Henry Holocaust experiences in a photograph of a train carrying L Sapoznik’s “Yiddish Radio Holland. Do you know how emigrants on their way to Gdansk. Project” for Austrian National many Jews lived in Holland Radio in Vienna. Is there reliable before the Holocaust? Thank you so much for helping data, at least approximate fig- Gerda Mosse (by e-mail) me find that wonderful Alter ures, on the number of Yiddish Kacyzne photograph. My great- speakers in New York in the Reply: There were 140,000 Jews in grandmother took that train first half of the 20th century? Do Holland. The source is The trip, or one just like it the next you know of a source on the Holocaust Chronicle: A History year (1922), and that photo (plus Web, or could I perhaps contact in Words and Pictures, p. 470 so many others in your collec- somebody at YIVO? (“Trains from Westerbrook, a tran- tion) puts extraordinary images Johann Kneihs sit camp in northeastern Holland, to the story of her journey to the Austrian National Radio deported more than 100,000 of the U.S. The entire YIVO photo col- Vienna, Austria Netherlands’ 140,000 Jews to the lection is so moving, so impres- death camps at Sobibor and sive. I feel so thankful that it Reply: According to Uriel Weinreich Auschwitz.”). exists — and even exists online. (College Yiddish, p. 80), there I trust that your photos are also were 2,987,000 Yiddish speakers in * ** just as magnificent at the Ellis the United States in 1935. It is like- How Do You Say...? Island Museum — magnificent ly that most of them lived in New in a moving and momentous York. So, roughly 2,000,000 New Please tell me how to say "tele- way. Yorkers knew Yiddish at that time. phone answering machine" in Claudia Weinstein * ** Yiddish? Thank you so much. Madison, Wisconsin “Der Arbeter Fraynt” Marjorie Wolfe (by e-mail) * ** Soviet Yiddish Play Reply: The correct word is “entfer- I'm interested in locating copies ke,” or if you find that too newfan- of a relatively obscure anarchist I am trying to locate a Soviet gled, “entfer-mashin.” newspaper, written in Yiddish Yiddish comedy, Brilyantn and published in London in the * ** (Diamonds) by A. Veviorka. It early 1900s, called “Der Arbeter Galitsia/Halitsia was staged by Artef in New Fraynt,” or, as they seemed to York in 1930, and last time I vis- prefer, “Der Arbayter Fraynd.” What is the etymology and deri- ited YIVO I found a program for My search of your online ca- vation of Galitsia/Halitsia? this play in the YIVO Archives. talogue resulted in several Jack Weiner (by e-mail) Please let me know if you have references. Do copies of this a copy of the Yiddish play, and newspaper still exist at YIVO? Reply: Dr. Paul (Hershl) Glasser, if so, might I secure a photocopy Can they be seen by members Associate Dean of the Max Wein- of it? It may be unpublished. of the public, and is there any reich Center for Advanced Jewish Joel Schechter chance that the children's sup- Studies, believes Gaul, State University plement to this paper, “Der (both the one in Spain and the San Francisco, California Yunger Dor,” might also exist? one in Poland/Ukraine), Wales, Jon Levitow (by email) Wallachia (province in Romania) Reply: We have located the play in and a number of other European the book Dramatishe Shriftn fun Reply: We have the following years geographical terms, such as A. Veviorka. It is being copied of the newspaper: 1904-1905, 1910- Polish Wlochy and Hungarian for you. 1911, 1914-1916, 1920-1923 and Olasz(orszag) “Italy”, are all from 1927. You may come into the an old word, possibly of Celtic ori- Reading Room and order copies of gin, that means “foreigner.” them.

5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 29 pui Tn†k pui , , u u g g h h s s h h d g a h f y g p u b g o h H u u †

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l chxk T ar˙ci tui khhgbgi rgsiw nTygrhTki tuh; hHsha/// ckh-auo- hHsha/// tuh; nTygrhTki bhay uugy tui pTrdTbdgbvhhy - muuhh †sgr h†r T thi tui hHshaw m uu†x dgbhyaTpiw Tkg sh uugki xpe m˙y/ eungshegr sgr thi ayTrci

g Tng- p†rai egbgi thl uugk Truo thl v†c dger†di cnal pui sgr pui cnal dger†di v†c thl b ahr†ehl eTrhbT khygrTyur eTbTshag tui rheTbgr y vgkpi tui eungi bh. mu Pr†drTow 1 nhygkg v†y thr sTbe! ahhbgo T hHsha/ tuh; g p†raTrcgy/ n˙i thi nhr

r eHguu ngdkgl/ dgnTfy s†x †kdT z˙gmguuT †kdT * * * kTncgry hvuag TuuTbxhryg 2 †bvhhcgrx n†xeuug T Pr†drgxhry v†c thl Tz phk thl nhahdTi Ti-Trc†rw xl thi hHsha tui thl v†; nhy sgr nhy v†; thl tui hHsha thi xl * * * m˙y mu bhmi hHshag ygngx tui ygngx hHshag bhmi mu m˙y uuh T uuh x x y y r r g g u u u u r r † † p p c˙o Trcgy thl khygrTrhag ar˙cbshe thsggxw zgmgr tui xgergyTr/ thl bgo tuhl bgo thl xgergyTr/ tui zgmgr thcgrmuzgmi tpar Trcgyiw †byhhk thi sgr Ip†kexchbg-yruPg"w sgr thi †byhhk gbdkhaw tuh; Trcgyi khygrTrhag T druPg Teyh†ri tui zhbdgrx uu†x zhbdgrx tui Teyh†ri druPg T hHshagr T thi Trcgyi tuhl tui p†ry Truo tui aPhky hHshai aPhky tui Truo p†ry nhr thz c˙yr†d t˙gr †rdTbhzTmhg/ ygTygr pTr sh uu†x egbgi bhay egbgi uu†x sh pTr ygTygr uuhfyhe/ zhhgr dguugi p†ri ehhi nTbvgyiw xPgmhgk pTr xPgmhgk nTbvgyiw ehhi p†ri kgci-dgckhcgbg pubgo jurci/ s†x jurci/ pubgo kgci-dgckhcgbg uu†kpx†i tx≤r thz nna T uuUbsgrkgfg Trcgyw tui Trcgyw uuUbsgrkgfg T nna thz 1 nhygkg Fngy Tkg Teyh†ri zgbgi dguugi zgbgi Teyh†ri Tkg Fngy bhuΩh†re 1(w )†bvhhcgrx nhhi jbv rgfyx:( )pui nTryhbT ruxhbhTe )TuuTbxhryg( )TuuTbxhryg( ruxhbhTe nTryhbT xyusgbyi thi sgr zungr-Pr†drTo/ sgr thi xyusgbyi * * * †i Tzgkfg ayhmgx uu†ky dguugi uu†ky ayhmgx Tzgkfg †i thl kgri zhl hHsha bhay b†r pTr b†r bhay hHsha zhl kgri thl tunngdkgl tuhxmukgrbgi hubdg tuhxmukgrbgi tunngdkgl thl v†c ≤nhs dguu†ky phki T phki dguu†ky ≤nhs v†c thl nhy zhl pTrhbygrgxhr thl uu˙k sgo hHshahxyi/ a˙fu, nhy n˙i naPjvx dgahfygw naPjvx n˙i nhy a˙fu, khsgr zhbd thl uu˙k tuhl b†r hHshaw khhzgr cure† khhzgr hHsha- pui suru,w pTrdTbdgbg nhy uu˙k s†x ayushr thl hHsha/ tuh; TuuTbxhryg thcgrdgk†zy v†ci uu†x rgsgrx tuhpvhyi tui zTnkgi thz Trcgy n˙i bhu-h†re hruav/// eukyurgkg tui r˙fg TzT sTbe ahhbgo T p†kek†r/ hHshai t˙lw uu†x thmy egbgi nhr muzTngi nhr egbgi thmy uu†x t˙lw tuhpvhyi tui P†PukTrhzhri sh eukyur sh P†PukTrhzhri tui tuhpvhyi tui ayhhdgr kgci pui taFbz/ pui kgci ayhhdgr tui nkl †xhi nkl †bvhhcgrx 2 †bvhhcgrx eHguu * * * uuh T kgrgreg pui hHshag khnusho hHshag pui kgrgreg T uuh nhhi thlw Tz gx thz zhhgr uuhfyhe mu uuhfyhe zhhgr thz gx Tz thlw nhhi kgrbgi hHsha nhy ehbsgr tui n˙bg tui ehbsgr nhy hHsha kgrbgi thcgrkgcubdgi tuh; sgr zungr- sgr tuh; thcgrkgcubdgi Pr†drTo uugki nhr vgkpi mu egbgi mu vgkpi nhr uugki Pr†drTo kgrbgi hHsha/ T vTrmhei sTbe/ vTrmhei T hHsha/ kgrbgi huxpv sg ckung sg huxpv nhygkg 1 nhygkg y†r†byg * * * v YIVO News Fall 2005 sgr kgrgr khfygbcuho uugdi sgr zungr-Pr†drTo sgr uugdi khfygbcuho kgrgr sgr 'thz dguugi Tzuh uuhhbhew pTr uu†x pTr uuhhbhew Tzuh dguugi 'thz x gukow sgo sgreuuhey nna †ci v T thi Tphku prhhs T thz u-h†re h u u

thz pTrckhci Tzuh phk? tui zhh zufi zhh tui phk? Tzuh pTrckhci thz ehhi uuhhxi uu†x kgrgrxw sh xPgmhgk zungr-Pr†drTo T zungr/ vhhxi b ˙

uu˙ygrw tui zhh bhaygri thi sgr thi bhaygri zhh tui uu˙ygrw uu†x gbgrdhg tui nh sh mh bhy n†k s†x uu˙k prhhsw T n†k Tkg thz b aPrTl tui thi sgr khygrTrhagr sgr thi tui aPrTl uu†fi zgex sh thi Tr˙i khhdy ng hårtk/ Tkni kt Tz cTuu˙zw T thz r ˙ aTpubd/ uugi nhr uugki auhi bhy z˙i bhy auhi uugki nhr uugi aTpubd/ yhhk FsTh! x'thz FsTh/ thz Trcgy tuhx nhr euny h†r zgex kgmyg sh l

uugki zhh sgrekgri sh hHshag sh sgrekgri zhh uugki s†x thcgrbgngi zhfgr uugki zhh pui zungr-Pr†drTngi: thi kgrbgi mu - m

uugrygr pubgo PTryhzTbgr-vhngi pubgo uugrygr pui thcgrdgbungi v†ci nhr uu†x kgmybx tui uuTrag uuhkbgw thi g

tuh; sgr aPrTl pui sh esuahow zhh esuahow sh pui aPrTl sgr tuh; kgr- uu˙ygr tui kgrgrx tubszgrg 35 v†ci v˙h†r bhu-h†re/ thi tuhl b uugki thcgrdgci sh zTpyheg chksgr zTpyheg sh thcgrdgci uugki sh pui eahu, tuh; gbypgri tui bgi T nhy pTrn†xyi zhl xyusgbyi y g

pui cTaguuhxgx uugkyw sh nhxyha- sh uugkyw cTaguuhxgx pui suru,/ eungsheg thcgrdg- uuhk sur n˙i uu†x hruav r xhnc†khag ngåhu, pui r' bjni r' pui ngåhu, xhnc†khag kgrby uu†x pTr nhlw prgdi Tkg thr thi z˙bgi uu†x Tkg sh mu ci crTxkguugr tui sh pukg zangbhgx pukg sh tui crTxkguugr gbypgrw sgr thz hHsha? zhl ngi pTrthbygrgxhry/ Puhki uu†x †PTy†au v†y pTryhhky/ v†y †PTy†au uu†x Puhki n†yhuuhrubdgi? Tkg uuhxi egi uugr zhl rgsiw khhgbgiw vhhnTrcgyw thl uuhbya zhhw zhh z†ki tuhl dg- tuhl z†ki zhh zhhw uuhbya thl hubdgr T zhfgr: †cgr thz zTl thhi hHsha tuh; e†fi Tphku tui TnPgri bhxi c˙o thcgrdgci zhhgrg ≤knhsho zhhgrg thcgrdgci c˙o bhxi T dgak†xi v†y TeTsgnhegr sur uu˙ygr- pui †bvhhc Ti dgaTpi v†ci tui z˙i sh †Pvhygrx pui yuhzby h†r yuhzby pui †Pvhygrx sh z˙i tui zhl tui pTrdTbdgbvhhy sgr nhy cubs †bdgarhcgbg sh Trcgy/ shegr - xyu t˙lw sTbe T aTpi/ tui kgci - yuh T pui mueubpy sgr mu dgbungi sgr tui zni sgo cnal Trcgyi sgbyiw pTr sgr prhhs uu†x thr v†y thr uu†x prhhs sgr pTr sgbyiw zufi xl T mhuuhkhzTmhg/ zby-hgrhegr sh uu†x nTygrhTki sh pui bhuu† nhr pTraTpi! nhr tuhc prTdg: sgr tuh; gbypgr Ti xhuo tuhpi mudgdrhhy v†ci xyusgbyi

]vnal pui z' t[ z' pui ]vnal xhuo-vzni pui i i y y k k T T y y a a g g d d g g b b g g s s b b U U u u u u a a r r T T p p chfk s†x Truhx thz h†//// Tz v†piw f†ya k†nhr kgci/ kTbd vhra TcrTn†uuhya/ thi z˙i Tr˙bphr muo chfk muo Tr˙bphr z˙i thi TcrTn†uuhya/ vhra pui p†ragrxw b˙g mudrhhyi gbhi nhyi thz uu†x prgdy uu˙br˙lw uuhpk ngbyai uugki khhgbgi T khhgbgi uugki ngbyai uuhpk uu˙br˙lw prgdy pui thhbg dguugi thz s†x xyusgbyi? hubdg kgrbgi hHsha cul thi 8591? gr gbypgry Tkhhi: s†x z†k s†x Tkhhi: gbypgry gr 8591? thi cul hHsha dguu†ri/ neuho zgbgi uu†x Pr†hgeyi kgmyg sh ehhi stdv bhay z˙i/ gx z˙bgi s† uuhbmhew gx uuhbmhew s† z˙bgi gx z˙i/ bhay stdv ehhi T Trundgrgsy ngi v†y kTbd h†ri uugki z˙i ngr/ tuhc gx uugy z˙i T uugkyw uugki uugkyw T z˙i uugy gx tuhc ngr/ z˙i uugki s"v auk"w Ivuhf hHsha T aTpi mu PkTi ≤nhs z˙i hHsi uu†x uuhki sgregbgi zhhgrg sgregbgi uuhki uu†x hHsi z˙i ≤nhs v†y 4391 thi gray eTkgsza/ nhi T uu†rmkgiw Fsh surl sgo mu sgregbgi zhl Tkhhi/ zhl sgregbgi mu sgo surl Fsh uu†rmkgiw TxPhrTbyur sh dgdrhbsgy hHuu† sgr nhy mgi h†r aPgygrw Fsh sh s†zheg bçutv z†k bçutv s†zheg sh Fsh aPgygrw h†r mgi nhy drTsuHr-Pr†drTo T aTcTsw mnj t"b neuho uugriw v†y sgr hHuu† dgaTpi sgo nTex sgo dgaTpi hHuu† sgr v†y uugriw neuho hHuu†x pubgo pgksgr Tkg pTr uu˙br˙l-mgbygr pTr vgfgrg hHshag ayushgx hHshag vgfgrg pTr uu˙br˙l-mgbygr dgahfygw phk†k†dhgw Trcgy: tui sh turhtk uu˙br˙l-Pr†drTo thi hHshagr thi uu˙br˙l-Pr†drTo turhtk sh tui T zhl prgdy thz tTz"uu/ PgsTd†dhe aPrTlw khygrTyur tui eukyur/ nhy †y sh †y nhy eukyur/ tui khygrTyur aPrTlw phrgrx sh v†ci uu†x pTr prTdg: Pr†hgeyi v†y sgr hHuu† uu˙ygr dgPrUuuy uu˙ygr hHuu† sgr v†y Pr†hgeyi h†r mgi Fngy dguuTry hHuu† pubgo thcgrdgci sh hHshag eukyur mu b˙g suru,//// b˙g mu eukyur hHshag sh thcgrdgci thbxyh- pubgo yhhk sgo †y dgaTpi v†ci zhh chz rgfyx:( )pui cshgçs thz ek†rw Tz c˙o auugri nmç thi nmç auugri c˙o Tz ek†rw thz cshgçs xyu- kgrbgi s†x Tz dgnhhbyw zhh v†ci mh yuy? n†xe†- ånjv nhzrj-thhr†Pg thi sh sr˙xhegr h†ri thz TzT thz h†ri sr˙xhegr sh thi nhzrj-thhr†Pg zTnkgi pui uuhfyhe uuhbmhegr thz sgbyi nTryhbT uuh.w hHshag vuhfauk dguugi bhay ngr uuh T jkuo/ T uuh ngr bhay dguugi vuhfauk hHshag chfgr? Truhxdgci pui †sgr nTygrhTki T thi ruxhbhTew PTs†shg pui sgr pui PTs†shg tpar v†y uu˙br˙l s†x Tkhhi pTrayTbgi/ tui pTrayTbgi/ Tkhhi s†x uu˙br˙l v†y tpar pTregry/ Pubey ≈ tn,i sgr thi tui kTuu-suuet` yagrbguuhmgr tpar v†y gr tuhl pTrayTbgiw Tz s†x tuhpcuh- s†x Tz pTrayTbgiw tuhl gr v†y tpar s†x Tz dgvTkyiw v†ci hHuu† pubgo phrgrx sh aPrTl- gi sh hHshag uuhxbaTpy b†fi druhxi jurciw c˙o jurciw druhxi b†fi uuhxbaTpy hHshag sh gi uuhf- sh pui thhbg thz p†ragrx hubdg mudrhhyi e†bpgrgb. duyi nmç thi Tngrheg uu†x v†y dgyrhci hHsi mu hHsi dgyrhci v†y uu†x Tngrheg thi nmç duyi sh uuhxbaTpyw hHshagr sgr pui guçsu, yhexyg TxhnhkTmhgw thz tuhl dguugi T jkuo/ b†r uu†x b†r jkuo/ T dguugi tuhl thz TxhnhkTmhgw thz sgrpTr suuet tui ≈ Trcgy sgr pui eruhi sgi? Tz Ti thsgTk thz FsThw sTr; ngi mu tho mu ngi sTr; FsThw thz thsgTk Ti Tz sgi? mu sTr; ng hxus/ pgxyi T mumudrhhyi bhhyhe Tzuh ayrgci/ tui Tz ng egi bhay sgrdrhhfi Tk. sgrdrhhfi bhay egi ng Tz tui ayrgci/ T sgrdhhi TbTkhzhriw zhh neurhow zTnkgi gray - sgr ng uu†x Tk. thz sgrpuiw jkuny ng uu†x auhi v†y ng uugi sgn†kyw gray tui ≈ y†ke drhhfy h† T bmjui/ uuh x'ayhhy thi Pre: kt gkhl kt Pre: thi x'ayhhy uuh bmjui/ T h† drhhfy s†x thcgrdgci ngi egi pubsTngby T dgaTpi vnk†fv kdnrw ukt T≤v ci-jurhi kvcyk nnbv ≈ nnbv kvcyk ci-jurhi T≤v ukt kdnrw vnk†fv sur//// b˙go T uuhxi thr z˙y bhay njuhç mu gbshei sh Trcgyw †cgr Trcgyw sh gbshei mu njuhç bhay z˙y thr Tz akhnvw ctnubv dgdkhhcy v†y uu˙br˙l nTex thr z˙y tuhl bhay pr˙ zhl pui thr †Pmuz†di/ thr pui zhl pr˙ bhay tuhl z˙y thr hHsha sTrpi hHsi tngrheTbgr Txhnhkhryg sh nzk-yuç tui T ahhbgo sTbe/ ahhbgo T tui nzk-yuç 8591 thi nhzrj-thhr†PgHag/ sh uuh Tzuh Pubey 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, s xgnhbTri prhkhbd 5002 prhkhbd xgnhbTri

u 02-03 T gukow pTrzTnkyi sgo hHsha/ tuh; xgnhbTri mhek T surfdgphry n†k T uuhsgr hHuu† sgr v†y zhl x'phry uuh u

˙ tuhpdgyr†yi: x'v†ci ygngx/ TeTsgnhag tuh; hHsha duyg s†x dgy†i vbtv v†y thrgw b

r Tkdgnhhbgr v˙byhegr sgr nhy v†y s†x a˙fu, t pgcruTr 81yi sgo ˙ gyb†drTphg/ )hHuu†( dkgzgr vgrak s"r l - m n˙ 6yi sgo ar˙cgrx" Puhkha-hHshag pui Ix'kaui g sgo uugdi dgrgsy v†y dkgzgr s"r

b )yrhbhyh-eTkgsza( eTx†uu anutk s"r

y hHshag cTeTbyg m†k T pui xyhk

g tui vhxy†rhegr T uuh rhbdgkckuo Ignbutk cgkh- e†bdrgx-Puhki pui ar˙cgrx

r yugr" dgzgkaTpykgfgr v†r†byahew angui chne†w phak cTaguuhxw )h/ kaui s"r eTx†uu v†y sgrmhhky Pryhnshe th uugdi rhbdgk- uugdi th Pryhnshe sgrmhhky v†y eTx†uu s"r tuhpi †Pdgaygky zhl t"T(w uu˙xgbcgrd thyag-nthr ckunx p†raTrcgyiw th uugdi z˙i Trcgy nju. sgr nju. Trcgy z˙i uugdi th p†raTrcgyiw ckunx uugdi tuhl uuh zhhw c˙ h†sgr shTkgeyhai Puhkha-hHshai TeTsgnhg/ sgr vuhPy v†y gr zhl †Pdgaygky tuh; †Pdgaygky zhl gr v†y vuhPy sgr TeTsgnhg/ uugre/ zhhgrg thi s˙yangrha pui r†kg sgr rhbdgkckunx P†khyhagr †rdTbhzhr-Trcgy pTr sgr pTr †rdTbhzhr-Trcgy P†khyhagr rhbdgkckunx nkjnvw uuh tuhl tuh; z˙bg cTnHubdgi mu vgkpi hHsi thi hHsi vgkpi mu cTnHubdgi z˙bg tuh; tuhl uuh nkjnvw nTr. 52xyi sgo uuTraguugr dgy† th nTygrhgkw th d˙xyhe/ th nTygrhgkw th dgy† uuTraguugr tubhuugrxhygy( )thkhbuhgr ckTu rçev

sgo 72xyi n˙ 72xyi sgo hHsha" tuh; eTpeT hHshaw tui IeTpeT s"r aknv thhsgkcgrd )hahçv-tubh- thhsgkcgrd aknv s"r shxgryTmhg T ar˙cy uu†x ckTuw pr' uugrxhygy( sgr pui thcgrzgmubdgi hHshag uugdi s˙yahagr khygrTyurw v†y sgrmhhky v†y khygrTyurw s˙yahagr IhHsha thi sh atku,-u≤auçu, pui sh pui atku,-u≤auçu, sh thi IhHsha mu cTmHubd Pgrzgbkgfgr eTpeTx uugdi s˙yag jfnho c˙o xu; nhyk-gkygr" xu; c˙o jfnho s˙yag z˙bg pui thcgrzgmubdgi sh Trundgrgsy tui nTng-kaui Pr†p' thhsgkcgrd v†y Trundgrgsy v†y thhsgkcgrd Pr†p' hHsha/ tuh; uugre sgo crtah, pubgo hHshai kaui thi Tn†khei s˙yakTbs/ Tn†khei thi kaui hHshai pubgo crtah, sgo gr v†y tuhl Truhxdgz†dy sh nhhbubdw cvxFo nhy sgr nhy cvxFo nhhbubdw sh Truhxdgz†dy tuhl v†y gr TPrhk 6yi sgo pui b,i zhxehbs cag≤u †cgr Pubey pTregry pui sgr pui pTregry Pubey †cgr cag≤u zhxehbs b,i pui )srgexgk-tubhuugrxhygy( Pgk. rjnhtk s"r pui nTex uu˙br˙l tui aknv chrbcuhow Tz hHsi v†ci thi v†ci hHsi Tz chrbcuhow aknv tui uu˙br˙l nTex pui s˙yakTbs thi hgbgr m˙y dgrgsy rhhi s˙ya tui gray tui s˙ya rhhi dgrgsy m˙y hgbgr thi s˙yakTbs p†raubd" gyb†drTphag v˙byheg sh tui IhHsha aPgygrw thi sh nhyk-gkygrkgfg dgy†xw zhl mgdTbdgi zhl dgy†xw nhyk-gkygrkgfg sh thi aPgygrw x†mh†khbduuhxyhag z˙bg Trundgsgsy v†y Pgk. s"r nhy sh s˙yai tui †bdgvuhci rgsi T cTzubsgr kaui/ cTzubsgr T rgsi †bdgvuhci tui s˙yai sh nhy c˙ xPgmhgk hHsha-rgsgrxw tui hHsha pui p†raubdgi TngrheTbgr-dgcuhrgbg phkTsgkphgr hHsiw tui uu†x pTr uu†x tui hHsiw phkTsgkphgr TngrheTbgr-dgcuhrgbg buxj uuhkbg dkhsgry zhl zhl dkhsgry uuhkbg buxj t˙i thbgo hHuu† thbgo t˙i pTrTi auhi kTbd Ti gbdg muzTngbTrcgy muuhai sgo hHuu† tui hHuu† sgo muuhai muzTngbTrcgy gbdg Ti kTbd auhi pTrTi sgr kTbsxnTbaTpy buxj uuhkbgw sh pgsgrTmhg pui uuhkbgr hHsi uuhkbgr pui pgsgrTmhg sh uuhkbgw buxj kTbsxnTbaTpy sgr thi sh pTrthhbheyg ayTyi/ knakw v†ci zhh s† thi 2002 thi s† zhh v†ci knakw ayTyi/ pTrthhbheyg sh thi t˙bdg†rsby Ti PgrnTbgbyg tuhxaygkubd Itubszgr vhhnay†y Itubszgr tuhxaygkubd PgrnTbgbyg Ti t˙bdg†rsby uuhkbg"w nhy p†y†x pui uuhkbgr Pgrzgbkgfehhyi tui kTbsaTpy tui Pgrzgbkgfehhyi uuhkbgr pui p†y†x nhy uuhkbg"w pTriw cg,i tui b†fi jurci/ zhh v†ci tuhl dgv†kpi c˙o drhhyi drhhyi c˙o dgv†kpi tuhl v†ci zhh jurci/ b†fi tui cg,i pTriw i i u u p p l l u u c c d d † † y y eruex vgrnTi pui thcgrzgmubd gbdkhag sh srue muo w tuhl Truhx thi 2002/ thmy v†y buxj uuhkbg buxj v†y thmy 2002/ thi Truhx tuhl w † † y y g g d d r r g g b b k k h h u u u u Tuugedgdgci z˙i Trfhuu sgo hHuu† tui zhl †phmhgk mubuhpdgd†xi †phmhgk zhl tui hHuu† sgo Trfhuu z˙i Tuugedgdgci nhyi thbxyhyuy/ zhh v†ci tuhl t˙bdgaygky T hgrkgfi rgpgrTy hgrkgfi T t˙bdgaygky tuhl v†ci zhh thbxyhyuy/ nhyi t"b buxj uuhkbg` sgr graygr rgpgrgby uugy z˙i sgr cTeTbygr sgr z˙i uugy rgpgrgby graygr sgr uuhkbg` buxj t"b sh ar˙cgrx v/ khhuuhe )muuhhyg rhhw srhygr rgfyx( tui rgfyx( srhygr rhhw )muuhhyg khhuuhe v/ ar˙cgrx sh eTx†uu/ anutk Pr†pgx†r nav eukcTe )muuhhyg rhhw srhygr khbex( nhy xyusgbyi nhy khbex( srhygr rhhw )muuhhyg eukcTe nav uuhkbg/ buxj pui Trfhuu sgo thcgr nhr bgngi hrt,-vFçus nhy pui sgr uuhkbgr rgTk-dhnbTzhgw 0291gr h†ri/ 0291gr rgTk-dhnbTzhgw uuhkbgr sgr pui 9/ z' gbdkhaw tuh; tuhl khhgby d YIVO News Fall 2005 T dgzTbd muo kgci: Ti †uuby kFcus thyg yTuc thyg kFcus †uuby Ti kgci: muo dgzTbd T

/ i i d d g g u u u u y y x x g g s s i i u u p p ≈ muuhh cTbs †bdgphky v†y guko druhxgr b ˙ b†l thr Pyhrv v†y sh thcgrdg- sh v†y Pyhrv thr b†l pTr Imgbygr c˙o zTk sgo T g

k†zy T ahhbg hruav pTr gykgfg pTr hruav ahhbg T k†zy hukh 6yi sgo dgahfyg"w hHshagr x hHsha-eukyurgkg †rdTbhzTmhgx: †rdTbhzTmhgx: hHsha-eukyurgkg †bsgbe sgo Fcus †Pmudgci 5002w sgo hHuu†w sgo Tkuugykgfi hHshai Tkuugykgfi sgo hHuu†w sgo P†g- hHshahxyegw T yTucw thyg pui eukyur-e†bdrgxw hudbyru;w sgr hudbyru;w eukyur-e†bdrgxw ayhmgrhi crhhyvTrmheg tui ygxg / r r u u y y k k u u e e r r g g a a h h s s H H h h sgr tui hHsha-khdg †rdTbhzTmhgx/ hHsha-aPrTfheg pui c˙ sgr tubygrbgnubd v†y dg- v†y tubygrbgnubd sgr c˙ )8091-3002( yTuc pTxnTi thyg phry sgo p†rzh. tui dgnTfy sgo dgnTfy tui p†rzh. sgo phry xyhsgbhmgw thi dguu†ri dgcuhri thz Tr˙bphr açg muegrw sgr gezgeu- sgr muegrw açg Tr˙bphr Tuuge zh thz hubdgrvhhy tuerTHbg/ yhuu-shrgey†r pui sgr hHsha-khdg` sgr pui yhuu-shrgey†r sgrb†l tui Trcgyi cueTrgay ehhi dgbungi T uu†ry v†yw thi b†ngi pui b†ngi thi v†yw uu†ry T dgbungi cT- zhl v†y zh mpui-Tngrheg/ ehhi açg muegr açg b†ngi thi nbhguuxeh` nhrk hudbyru;w j,ubv v†y zh uuU bhu-h†rew thi zgmy pubgo hHuu†w vgrak dkgzgr` thi dkgzgr` vgrak hHuu†w pubgo yTuc/ ahmhg nhy dgvTy b†ngi pubgo eukyur-e†bdrgxw ahhi eukyur-e†bdrgxw pubgo b†ngi sgr thi Teyhuu dguugi thz thyg thygx Pkhngbhew kgxygr yTuc/ Tkg yTuc/ kgxygr Pkhngbhew thygx dgvTkyi v†y vuhPyrgsg sh chhegr/ kTbd v†y tui eukyur-xçhcv hHshagr rgsbgrx tui sgr dTbmgr guko v†ci guko dTbmgr sgr tui rgsbgrx pui rgsTey†r d†kscgrdw thyag zh †rdTbhzTmhgx/ hHshag dgayhmy sgrn†by thygi nhy uuTrgnehhy tui uuTrgnehhy nhy thygi sgrn†by ehbxykg- sgr thi / r r u u y y k k u u e e g g a a h h s s H H h h zfrubu,/ tui khsgr dgarhci v†y thr ahhi cTsTbey pTr thr crhhy- thr pTr cTsTbey ahhi thr xuzgi zhbdgrhi sh Pr†drto: rhagr pTrarh- zh v†y kgcbx-dgahfyg thr vTrmhehhy x˙ c˙o kgciw x˙ c˙o x˙ kgciw c˙o x˙ vTrmhehhy b†ngi thi v†y xu; muo kguuhy†i/ - tuhy†ch† muuhhcgbshegr T thi ci ar˙ci thr muu†v/ thr ar˙ci guko sgo cTdrhxy naPjv sgr pui w e e b b g g s s g g d d l l h h t t ≈ thhbx cTbs drTphg:

]vnal pui z' t[ z' pui ]vnal agfygr nrsfh s"r

uu†x uuuhby thi uuuhby uu†x tui rgsgx nhy Fçus †Pdgdgci agfygr s"r v†y ng mp,w nshb,- mp,w T pTr uu†x cTuuhzi v†y uu†x Pr†drTo T thi dgzTbd hårtk/ tuhpi tui ≤knhsho z˙bg tuh; v†y gr vaPgv duuTksheg sh nuzheTkhag sh khbduuhxyhe/ hHshagr pui ayj - †bdg Pr†drTow pui gezgeuyhuu-shrgey†rag b˙g sh muegrw açg s"r phry pui agf- pui phry Tkg Tz dgcgyiw rgsg thr cag, v†y hHsha-khdgw sgr ygrx zui cbhnhi zui ygrx tuhpaygkiw zhl z†ki agfygrx s"r xyusgbyi Tn†kheg nhy sgr cTyhh- sgr nhy guko/ druhxi pubgo vgkpy T Fngy dgy†i s†x v†y kheubd pui cbh- pui kheubd thi hHsha-kgrgr T crTuiw sus dgrgsy v†y uu˙ygr nhbx ygfygrk nhbx - Tn† Ti agfygrx tuhl uuh vTruuTrs-tubhuugrxhygyw årv-rjk agfygr årv-rjk tuhl uuh rhhbgw mubuhpaygki c˙o vuhPydgvhk; z˙i tui xyusgby khegr nhrgkg egxkgr nhrgkg dgrupi v†y crTui sus ygrnhb†k†dhg/ c†yTbhag sh tui nrho-jhv xdkw thz cTayTbgi pui khsgr uu†x v†ci uu†x khsgr pui cTayTbgi thz xdkw nrho-jhv tui - sgr tui ehbsgr" Id˙xyheg z˙bg xyusgbyi agfygrx T a˙fu, †sgr nhy hHshaw †sgr nhy c†yTbhew †sgr c†yTbhew nhy †sgr hHshaw nhy †sgr a˙fu, T dgphk nhy agfygri nhy muzTngbTrcgy z˙i uugdi mhhky nhy sgr naPjv agfygr/ s†x xTng thbygrgxTbyg thz thbygrgxTbyg xTng s†x agfygr/ naPjv sgr nhy sgr dkgzgrw vgrak s"r yrgri/ chxk T nhy Tphku tui dguugi T nuzheTkhagr P†Purhw mubuhpdgaygky pui cbh- pui mubuhpdgaygky P†Purhw nuzheTkhagr T dguugi v†y hHuu†w c˙o uu˙br˙l-mgbygr nTex pubgo nhysgeTi nhi agfygr tuhx mgbskhegr khsgr uuU x'phdurhri bgngi x'phdurhri uuU khsgr mgbskhegr tuhx agfygr nhi T uuh Trcgy uuhfyhegr agfygrx uugdi dgrgsy tuhl pui dguuhexi ≈ nna Ti gbmhek†Pgshg pui dguuhexi- pui gbmhek†Pgshg Ti nna ≈ dguuhexi pui gr uu†x uugrygrchfkw c†yTbhai sgo uugdi tui phk†k†d bgngi thi hHshai khs/ hHshai thi bgngi mudrhhyi/ dgv†kpi tuhl v†y Tjrui Tjrui jçhç: x'v†y sh cTeTbyg Teyrhxg tui Teyrhxg cTeTbyg sh x'v†y jçhç: Tjrui Tjrui sgr pui Prgzhsgby sgr uu†ry T dgbungi x'v†y rgmhyTy†rhi ahhbsk )xuzgi( y†ri phrdgkhhgby muuhh phrdgkhhgby y†ri )xuzgi( ahhbsk rgmhyTy†rhi phrdgkhhgby v†y uu†x zgkhyaw zubh s"r hHsha-khdgw xTyhrgx pui sgr Pgi pui hux; yubek )sgr yubegkgr(w )sgr yubek hux; pui Pgi sgr pui xTyhrgx ahek Pr†p' uugky/ d†rgr sgr thcgr pui cTdrhxubdgi IhHshahxyi" tui Ipukekur tui phkukudhg"w uu†x sgrpui uu†x phkukudhg"w tui Ipukekur tui IhHshahxyi" T dgdgci v†y x†mh†khbduuhxyw pTranygr sgr phanTiw v†y zhl sgr guko nhyi cgk-åhnjv dgeTyagy pui dgeTyagy cgk-åhnjv nhyi guko sgr zhl v†y pTrcgr bgfg uugre/ b˙go pubgo †PaTmubd x†mhTkg dgkgfygr/ tuhxmhh- Ti dgdgci hHsha-khdg sgr pui b†ngi thi v†y T Fkkw sgr dTbmgr b†fnhy†d v†y dgnTfy T druhxi T dgnTfy v†y b†fnhy†d dTbmgr sgr Fkkw T y†fygrw gkyxyg z˙i yaTrbg/ uu˙c agfygrx fgbubd ruao tuh; Tkgngi/ tuh; ruao - cTdrh T phrdgkhhgby v†y ågfygr-thhsknTiw årv-rjk xubd pui thhsk agfygr rgzbhew z˙i hHbdxyg y†fygrw hHbdxyg z˙i rgzbhew agfygr thhsk pui xubd 5002 vTrcxy 002 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, c YIVO YIVONEWS Institute for Jewish Research Huu† h • thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr Hshagr h pui hHuu† pui hshgu, Tcy5002 vTrcxy • 002 bun' mhrk euzbh. sh dTxyrgsbgrhi sh euzbh. mhrk 83xygr xhuo-vzni pui sgr zungr-Pr†drTo sgr pui xhuo-vzni 83xygr egbgrxw Pr†pgx†riw Tryhxyiw hHshahxyi tui Fkk-yugrx/ Fkk-yugrx/ tui hHshahxyi Tryhxyiw Pr†pgx†riw egbgrxw phrdgeu- thz 5002 tuhduxy 5yi go sh dTxyrgsbgrhi thz dguugi s"r mhrk euzbh.w Pr†pgx†r pui Pr†pgx†r euzbh.w mhrk s"r dguugi thz dTxyrgsbgrhi sh turhtk sgr pui xhuo-vzni sgr ngi s hHshagr dgahfyg c˙o cTrs-eTkgsza )TbTbshhk tuhpi v†sx†iw tuhpi )TbTbshhk cTrs-eTkgsza c˙o dgahfyg hHshagr aPrTlw hHshagr thi uu˙br˙l-Pr†drTo bhu-h†re( tui T dggbsheyg pui sgr zungr-Pr†drTo/ Pr†p' euzbh. Pr†p' zungr-Pr†drTo/ sgr pui dggbsheyg T tui bhu-h†re( surfi surfdgphry eukyurw tui khygrTyur thz c˙o v˙byhei y†d tpar sgr drgxygr egbgr pui sgr dg- sgr pui egbgr drgxygr sgr tpar y†d v˙byhei c˙o thz tubhuugr- bhu-h†regr nhyi cau≤pu, hHuu† ahfyg pubgo hHuu†/ v†y zh muo 08xyi huçk pubgo hHuu† sgrmhhky hHuu† pubgo huçk 08xyi muo zh v†y hHuu†/ pubgo ahfyg xyusgbyiw pTrzTnky zhl v†ci gx xhygy/ sgo guko uugdi tubszgr vhxy†rhgw uuh tuhl uugdi thrg thcgr- thrg uugdi tuhl uuh vhxy†rhgw tubszgr uugdi guko sgo xyu- duyg-pr˙bs/ tui naPju, kgrgrxw kgcubdgi thi sgr zungr-Pr†drTo/ s† uu˙ygr sruei nhr tuhxmudi nhr sruei uu˙ygr s† zungr-Pr†drTo/ sgr thi kgcubdgi TuuTbxhryg chz †bvhhcgrx pui sgbyi pui thr rgsg: thr pui e†nP†zh- tui khsgr phrdgkhhgby v†ci x'thz pTr nhr T druhxgr Fçus pTrcgyi mu uugri mu rgsi mu uugri mu pTrcgyi Fçus druhxgr T nhr pTr x'thz srTnTyhag dgaPhky tui dgzubdgi mhgxw euzbh. mhrk tuh; sgr v˙byhegr tubygrbgnubd/ thl dgsgbe sgo xhuo sgo dgsgbe thl tubygrbgnubd/ v˙byhegr sgr tuh; sh v†ci xu; muo hHsha/ tuh; xmgbgx thbgo h†r uugi thl chi dguugi T xyusgbyeg/ sgn†ky thz sgn†ky xyusgbyeg/ T dguugi chi thl uugi h†r thbgo mgryhpheTyi/ sh tuhxdgyhhky kgrgrx sgr dTxyrgsbgr dguugi thyag d†kscgrdw uu†x gr v†y gr uu†x d†kscgrdw thyag dguugi dTxyrgsbgr sgr - x'eu zungr-Pr†drTo/ sh surl phry hHuu† sgr uu†x h†r 83 auhi bhay-kTbd dgPrTuugy z˙i 001xyi dgcuhri-h†r/ Tzuh Tz Tzuh dgcuhri-h†r/ 001xyi z˙i dgPrTuugy bhay-kTbd hHsha thi zhl pTryhpi mu uu˙y pui tui b†gby pui xyusgbyi ngi x'sTfy zhl nhrw Tz s†x rgsi c˙o xhuo thz T xdukv mu T mu xdukv T thz xhuo c˙o rgsi s†x Tz nhrw zhl x'sTfy sgr tuh; hHsha-Pr†drTngi thbygbxhuug thhbmheg sh pui thhbgr thi ]vnal tuh; z' s[ z' tuh; ]vnal hHsha- druhxg uugri zungr-Pr†drTo sgr pui drTsuTbyi sh uugky/ huo-yuç kFçus s"r nrsfh agfygr c˙o hHuu† c˙o agfygr nrsfh s"r kFçus huo-yuç - pTrkhh sgr kgrgrw pTr Imgbygr thbgo hukh 42xyi sgo yhe dgeungi 'zgbgi dgr tui gezgeuyhuu- tui dgr thz tubygrbgnubd sh dgahfyg"/ hHshagr 002 vgfgr x xgergyTr pui sgr pui xgergyTr pui Truhxeuo muo th muuhhpTfheg: T dguugi b†gby pui ngbyai hHsha-khdg tui sgr tui hHsha-khdg h h s s uugrygrcul c†yTbhai agfygrx s"r †P- uu˙y pui tui njcr pui uuhxbaTpy- pui njcr hHuu† sgr uu†x w a a h h s s H H h h i i h h t t y y k k g g u u u u - - i i x x e e h h u u u u g g d d s"r Fçus mudgci kgfg uugre uugdi sgr uugdi uugre kgfg s"r kFçus th Truhxdgdgciw Tbunky v†y agfygr nrsfh hHshagr aPrTl/ sh aPrTl/ hHshagr T phk†k†dw T uuh aTpi tui kgci agfygrx zub- huo-yuçw c˙o Pr†drTo thz dguugi thz Pr†drTo agfygr nrsfh †rdTbhzhry cau≤pu, †rdTbhzhry nrho-jhv xdk nrho-jhv hHsha-khdg sgr surl YIVO Institute for Jewish Research tui sgo hHuu†/ sgo tui hHuu† ≈ thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr ]vnal tuh; z' c[ z' tuh; ]vnal 15 West 16th Street, thbvTky New York, NY 10011-6301 c / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / b˙gx xgnhbTri/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / d / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / xgnhbTri/ zungr-Pr†drTo/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /s-v / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / zungr-Pr†drTo/ b˙gx / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / u / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / b˙gx pui Tn†k / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /z / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Tn†k pui , , u u g g h h s s h h