DOCSLIB.ORG

Archaeology: the Basics Free Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Archaeology: the Basics Free Download ARCHAEOLOGY: THE BASICS FREE DOWNLOAD Clive Gamble | 304 pages | 13 Jul 2015 | Taylor & Francis Ltd | 9780415694834 | English | London, United Kingdom Archaeology: The Basics Download as PDF Printable version. A new trend in the heated controversy between First Nations groups and scientists is the repatriation of native artifacts to the original descendants. In Englandarchaeologists have uncovered layouts of 14th century medieval villages, abandoned after crises such as the Black Death. The archaeological project then continues or alternatively, begins with a field survey. One of the major achievements of 19th-century archaeology was the development of stratigraphy. It involves combing an area, usually Archaeology: The Basics foot but sometimes with the use of mechanized transport, to search for features or artifacts visible on the surface. Enlarge cover. Further adaptation and innovation in archaeology Archaeology: The Basics in this period, when maritime archaeology and urban archaeology became more prevalent and rescue archaeology was developed as a result of increasing commercial development. InW. At a basic level of analysis, artifacts found are cleaned, catalogued and compared to published collections. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. The magazines British Archaeology and Current Archaeology regularly feature excavations. Jeffrey Quilter, an archaeologist with Harvard University said, "You can go up three metres and photograph a room, metres and photograph a site, or you can go up 3, metres and photograph the entire valley. It is not unheard-of for the agency responsible for the construction to Archaeology: The Basics choose the proposal Archaeology: The Basics asks for the least funding. The precontact Southwest was an extremely diverse cultural landscape inhabited by groups who probably spoke many different languages and saw themselves as distinct peoples. Basics How to Become an Archaeologist. Ethnoarchaeology is the ethnographic study of living people, designed to aid in our interpretation of the archaeological record. Across the millennia many thousands of cultures and societies and billions of people have come and gone of which there is little or no written record or existing records are misrepresentative or incomplete. Antiquarians studied history with particular attention to ancient Archaeology: The Basics and manuscripts, as well as historical sites. Archaeology developed out of antiquarianism in Europe during the 19th century, and has since become a discipline practiced across the world. Mike Pitts is editor of British Archaeology. Crystal Safadi rated it really liked it Nov Archaeology: The Basics, Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3. Related Posts. It is not uncommon for final excavation reports for major sites to take years to be published. More Details Archaeology in the Making. Some historical archaeology sites are subjected to looting by metal detector hobbyists who search for artifacts using increasingly advanced technology. For example, excavation of a site reveals its stratigraphy ; if a site was occupied by a succession of distinct cultures, artifacts from more recent cultures will lie above those from more ancient cultures. The importance of archaeological finds for identity, tourism and sustainable economic growth is repeatedly emphasized internationally. Archaeological Legacy Institute ALIis a registered [c] [3] non-profit, media and education corporation registered in Oregon in Featured courses Online Courses. Passive instruments detect natural energy that is reflected or emitted from Archaeology: The Basics observed scene. Basics What are the Hilly Flanks in Agriculture? No previous knowledge or experience required This practically orientated course offers hands-on experience of a wide range of basic techniques, including artefact handling, site survey, aerial photographic interpretation and transcription, principles of Archaeology: The Basics survey, excavation and post-excavation analysis. London: Routledge. Start your review of Archaeology: The Basics. Emma Reynolds rated it liked it Jan 13, The Society for Historical Archaeology. David Hurst Thomas — Archaeology3rd. Published September 9th by Routledge first published January 25th By the end of the 20th century nearly all professional archaeologists, at least in developed countries, were graduates. What will it be like Small group tasks e. Evaluation: Research, including the digging of narrow Archaeology: The Basics trenches" often with machinesto establish the quality of preservation at a site and its significance Time Team digs are often described as evaluations. Regina rated it liked it Oct 05, Some archaeological features such as those composed of stone or brick have higher resistivity than typical soils, while others such as organic deposits or unfired clay tend to have lower resistivity. This contradictory situation was addressed by the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act NAGPRA,which sought to reach a compromise by limiting the right of research institutions to possess human remains. Dig etiquette, a full Archaeology: The Basics of terms, useful websites and Archaeology: The Basics, an introduction to the real importance of pointing trowels. He attempted to chart the chronological stylistic evolution of handwriting, medieval architecture, costume, and shield-shapes. March Learn how and when to remove this template message. Due in part to the spirit of postprocessualismsome archaeologists have begun to actively enlist the assistance of indigenous peoples likely to be descended from those under study. Aging Archaeology: The Basics Anastylosis Arrested decay Architecture Cradling paintings Detachment of wall paintings Desmet method Historic paint analysis Imaging of cultural heritage Inpainting Kintsugi Leafcasting Lining of paintings Mass deacidification Mold control and prevention Archaeology: The Basics libraries Overpainting Paper splitting Radiography of cultural objects Reconstruction architecture Rissverklebung Textile stabilization Transfer of panel paintings UVC-based preservation VisualAudio. London and New York: Routledge. One of the first sites to undergo archaeological excavation was Stonehenge and other megalithic monuments in England. All this information serves as a permanent record of the now-destroyed archaeology and is used in describing and interpreting the site. Writings that were produced by people more representative of the general population were unlikely to find their way into libraries Archaeology: The Basics be preserved there for posterity. Aerial survey is conducted using cameras attached to airplanesballoonsUAVsor even Kites. Administration business public Anthrozoology Area studies Business studies Cognitive science Communication studies Community studies Cultural studies Development studies Education Environmental social science studies Food studies Gender studies Global studies History of technology Human ecology Information science International studies Linguistics Media studies Philosophy of science economics history psychology social science Planning land use regional urban Political ecology Political economy Public health Regional Archaeology: The Basics Science and technology studies Science studies historical Quantum social science Social work Vegan studies. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0496/1537/2444/files/the-archaeology-of-disease-29.pdf https://uploads.strikinglycdn.com/files/cd3e0e3d-9b14-455e-b219-501314ecb564/the-complete-guide-to-mid-range-glazes-glazing-and-firing- at-cones-4-8-74.pdf https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0502/7692/5598/files/drawn-the-art-of-ascent-51.pdf https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0496/0216/6940/files/the-other-side-of-truth-76.pdf https://uploads.strikinglycdn.com/files/4996fceb-e7ce-48db-a62d-ef7078b83fed/fates-and-furies-82.pdf https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0502/3065/7201/files/ready-for-dessert-my-best-recipes-73.pdf.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Present State of Advocacy and Education for Library Preservation in Japan
    Date 4th version : 25/07/2006 How did we get here? Present state of Advocacy and Education for Library Preservation in Japan Toru Koizumi Rikkyo University Library Tokyo, JAPAN (former Standing Committee member of Preservation and Conservation Section) Meeting: 96 Preservation and Conservation with Continuing Professional Education and Workplace Learning and the Preservation and Conservation Core Activity Simultaneous Interpretation: Yes WORLD LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CONGRESS: 72ND IFLA GENERAL CONFERENCE AND COUNCIL 20-24 August 2006, Seoul, Korea http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/index.htm Abstract: Preservation is the primary mission of the library. Librarians must think of preserving all formats of library resources for future generations. New technology should be developed and informed to librarians. In addition, traditional conservation techniques are to be maintained and known by librarians. I would like to introduce several aspects of preservation and conservation in Japan, such as advocacy of acid-free paper achieved 96% use for publis hed books, the campaign of “preventive conservation” after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1995). In addition, universities have increased conservation courses for cultural property since Japan ratified the convention of World Heritage. Library preservation has many aspects from repairing books to binding, microfilming, mass deacidification, digitizing library materials, disaster planning and so on. Librarians should know all countermeasures in an integrated manner in order to select adequate alternatives. 1 1. Conservation Education at Present Preservation and conservation are called "ho-zon" and "ho-go" in Japanese. It literally means "to keep the existence" or "to maintain the present state”. In this article, I use the "preservation" as a comprehensive, positive, and administratively broader word.
    [Show full text]
  • Preservation and Conservation of Documents; Problems and Solutions
    -32 Barcelona 1997 - Lligall 12 Janus 1998.1 Preservation and conservation of documents; problems and solutions Helen Forde Head of Preservation Services^ PRO y England INTRODUCTION When I was first invited to give this paper I had some misgivings about the title; I am not capable of producing a global solution to an age-old problem. Problems are comparatively easy - solutions are not. Reflection led me to the conclusion that others, more qualified than I, had also failed to devise a total remedy to the challenges presented by the inevitable decay of archival material. That is comforting. Let us be honest and admit that archival materials are not indestructible, and they were never intended to last indefinitely. We do, however, have to satisfy ourselves that the actions we take now will not accelerate decay, and will not cause our successors greater problems than those posed by the original material itself. The questions I want to explore in this paper concern the current status of preservation and conservation, some of the problems, both theoretical and practical, some possible solutions and the way forward. CURRENT STATUS OF ARCHIVAL PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION The current status of preservation and conservation seems to be at a watershed after some forty years. There is a sense that the wheel has almost turned full circle - back to basics in the profession if you like - and that preservation is returning to its place as a core activity of everyone involved in libraries and archives. One of the crucial changes is the realisation that access is supported by preservation; consequently increased demand results in increasing need to ensure the survival of the material.
    [Show full text]
  • Peoples- Based Conservation and the Paint Analysis of Hinemihi's Carvings
    Original research or treatment paper Painting Hinemihi by numbers: Peoples- based conservation and the paint analysis of Hinemihi’s carvings Dean Sully1, Isabel Pombo Cardoso2 1University College London, Institute of Archaeology, London, UK, 2Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Department of Conservation and Restoration, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon) This study describes the analysis of paint samples from carvings belonging to Hinemihi, the Maori meeting house, Clandon Park, Surrey, UK. The assessment of physical evidence contained within Hinemihi’sbuilt fabric (along with historiographic research of archival sources and oral histories) has formed a key part of the information gathering process during the current conservation project. The production of such data provides an opportunity for a dialogue that is essential for effective decision-making within participatory conservation projects. From this, it is evident that the use of paint analysis, in deciding the eventual painted scheme for a restored Hinemihi, is settled within a broader dialogue about the conception, use, and management of Hinemihi as a Maori cultural centre, as built heritage, and as an object of conservation. Therefore, the value of material analysis is considered in relation to the potential that this information has to engage a community of users in designing an effective conservation response that seeks to balance the opportunities and constraints of the cultural and physical landscapes that surround Hinemihi and Clandon Park. Keywords: Materials analysis, Paint analysis, Values-based conservation, Peoples-based conservation, Maori meeting house, Building conservation, Public engagement, Object biography Introduction 1996; Russell & Winkworth, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Lrtsv27no3.Pdf
    EDITORIATBOARD Editor,andChairpersonoJtheEditoriatBoard. .. Er-rzesl.rlrL'Tare AssistantEditors Psvllrs A RrcnrroNo .for Cataloging and Classification Section Eow,A,noSwaNsoN Cenorvr C. Monnow for Presewation of Library Materials Section FneNcrsF. SpnErrznr for Reproduction of Library Materials Section Section J. Mrcueel Bnuen for Resources LrNor Sepp for Serials Section Editorial Adoisu: Donts H Cr-acx (for Regional Groups) Liaisonuith RTSD Newsletter: Atrqor-o HrnsnoN, RTSD NewsletterEditor Library ResourcesI TechnicalSerares (ISSN 0024-252?), the quarterly official publication ofthe Resourcesand Technical ServicesDivision of the American Library Association,is publishedat 50 E.HuronSt.,Chicago, IL60611. BusinessOffice:AmericanLibraryAssociation,50E.HuronSt., Chicago, IL 60611. Aduntising Tralfic Coordinator;Leona Swiech, Central Production Unit, ALA Headquarters,50E. HuronSt., Chicago, IL60611. CirculationandProduction:Central Production Unit{turnals, ALA Headquarters,50 E. Huron St., Chicago,IL 60611 . SubscriptionPrice. to mem- bersof the ALA Resourcesand Technical ServicesDivision, $10 per year, included in the member- ship dues; to nonmembers, $20 per year; singlecopies $5. Second-classpostage paid at Chicago, Illinois, and at additional mailing offices.POSTMAS- TER: Send addiess changes to Librarl ResourcesI TechnicalSeruices, 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 6061I Librar2 ResourcesI TechnicalSeraices is indexed in Library Literature,Librarl I InformationScience Index- Con- Absmai, CurrentIndex toJournals in Education, ScienceCitation Index, and Hospital Literature tentsarelistedin CALL(CurrmtAuareness-Librar\Literature).ItsreviewsareincludedinBookRetieu Digest,Book Reouw Infux, and Retieu of Reuieus Copies of books for review should be addressedto Arnold Hirshon, Editor, R ZSD Newsletter,Ca- bell Library, virginia commonwealth ljniversity, 901 Park Ave., Richmond, VA 23284. Do not send journal issuesor journal articles for review. The contents of this journal, unless otheruise indicated, are copyrighted by the Association.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon Laurel Lynne Bartlett Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2013 Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon Laurel Lynne Bartlett Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Bartlett, Laurel Lynne, "Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon" (2013). All Theses. 1599. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1599 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. QUANTIFYING VISITOR IMPACT AND MATERIAL DEGRADATION AT GEORGE WASHINGTON’S MOUNT VERNON A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Schools of Clemson University and the College of Charleston In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Historic Preservation by Laurel Lynne Bartlett May 2013 Accepted by: Dr. Carter L. Hudgins, Committee Chair Frances Ford Ralph Muldrow Elizabeth Ryan ABSTRACT Over one million visitors per year traverse the visitor path through George Washington’s home at Mount Vernon. Increased visitation has tested the limits of the architectural materials and created the single most threatening source of degradation. While the history of Mount Vernon is dotted with attempts to mitigate damage caused by visitors, scientific analysis of the dynamic impacts to the historic fabric is needed to preserve the integrity of the preeminent national house museum. The following thesis presents a holistic analysis of visitor impact and material degradation occurring at Mount Vernon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Corbit-Sharp House at Odessa, Delaware: Finishes Analysis and Interpretation of Four Interior Rooms
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2003 The Corbit-Sharp House at Odessa, Delaware: Finishes Analysis and Interpretation of Four Interior Rooms Catherine Ruth Matsen University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Matsen, Catherine Ruth, "The Corbit-Sharp House at Odessa, Delaware: Finishes Analysis and Interpretation of Four Interior Rooms" (2003). Theses (Historic Preservation). 324. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/324 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Matsen, Catherine Ruth (2003). The Corbit-Sharp House at Odessa, Delaware: Finishes Analysis and Interpretation of Four Interior Rooms. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/324 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Corbit-Sharp House at Odessa, Delaware: Finishes Analysis and Interpretation of Four Interior Rooms Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Matsen, Catherine Ruth (2003). The Corbit-Sharp House at Odessa, Delaware: Finishes Analysis and Interpretation
    [Show full text]
  • The Painters Methods and Materials Ebook Free Download
    THE PAINTERS METHODS AND MATERIALS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK A.P. Laurie | 250 pages | 28 Mar 2003 | Dover Publications Inc. | 9780486218687 | English | New York, United States The Painters Methods and Materials PDF Book These methods were very different than those used by artists today. Authentic Decor: The Domestic Interior For example, while each single hair of the fur trimmed jacket of Frans van Mieris' tiny Couple with a Puppy has been rendered with astonishing accuracy, the identical fur trim of Vermeer's Woman Holding a Balance is suggested through subtle changes in tone. Dispersions from the original finish coats were analysed under the polarising microscope, and the constituents are given with their percentage content for each element of the room. A certain amount of the information on paint and colour is drawn from the author's earlier works; however there are useful facts to be learned on the treatment of decorative plaster ceilings of the late 18th century. Modern paints have an almost uniform consistency while hand-made paints have entirely different drying brushing and covering characteristics from one another, which, however, painters had not only overcome but had learned to use to their advantage. He was elected into a Fellowship of his College in The substances or materials used in the creation of a work of art, as well as any production or manufacturing techniques, processes, or methods incorporated in its fabrication. The problems of using traditionally formulated paints for the restoration of historic paintwork are discussed. Seller Inventory n. Fixative does not have to be applied to the entire painting and if you are concerned about overspray, lay the painting flat and position glassine, or any blocking paper, over the painting exposing only the signature area.
    [Show full text]
  • Durability of Paper and Writing
    Proceedings of the International Conference Durability of Paper and Writing November 16–19, 2004, Ljubljana, Slovenia Organized in the frame of the EC 5th Framework Programme projects MIP, Papylum and InkCor Proceedings of the International Conference Durability of Paper and Writing November 16–22, 2004, Ljubljana, Slovenia Editors: Jana Kolar, Matija Strlic and John B. G. A. Havermans Published by National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2004 CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 7.025.3/.4:676.2(063)(082) 7.025.3/.4:667.4/.5(063)(082) 676.017(063)(082) INTERNATIONAL Conference Durability of Paper and Writing (2004 ; Ljubljana) LjuProceedings of the International Conference Durability of Paper and Writing, November 16-19, 2004, Ljubljana, Slovenia / [editors Jana Kolar, Matija Strlic and John B. G. A. Havermans]. - Ljubljana : National and University Library, 2004 ISBN 961-6162-98-5 1. Durability of paper and writing 2. Kolar, Jana 216440320 Durability of paper and writing 7 MIP – NOT JUST A EUROPEAN NETWORK John Havermans TNO, Delft, The Netherlands e-mail [email protected] 1. Introduction Within the applied research and applications we have three theme groups. Networking of communities of researchers, infrastructure owners and users is one of the important In our network we see the conservation of objects instruments the European Commission DG Research is divided in two parts. Active and Preventive conser- offering in order to establish co-operation and co- vation, while active conservation is split in the chemical ordination between existing facilities, researchers, end- and physical aspects. users, industrialists, manufacturers and designers.
    [Show full text]
  • Sourcebook 2012/13
    Preservation Equipment Limited Limited Equipment Preservation Sourcebook Sourcebook 2012/13 www.pel.eu Sourcebook 2012/13 T +44 (0)1379 647400 W www.pel.eu E [email protected] F +44 (0)1379 650582 www.pel.eu Preservation Equipment Ltd, Vinces Road, Diss, Norfolk, IP22 4HQ, UK 24951 PEL- Catalogue Cover.indd 1 01/08/2012 16:34 page 54 page 45 A selection of the many new products for 2012/13 page 14 page 190 page 110 PEL 003-016:PEL 003-016 19/09/2012 16:55 Page 1 TERMS & CONDITIONS WELCOME TO OUR 2012/13 SOURCEBOOK SUITABILITY FOR USE Every care is taken to maintain the highest Even though many are claiming the economic climate is standard of quality. Preservation Equipment Ltd wish to make it clearly understood that it is the damaging businesses, we are still an even stronger users responsibility to ensure that the goods purchased are suitable for the intended purpose. company. Our thanks goes to our loyal customers and No guarantee is given or implied that any product we supply is fit for any particular purpose. Our dedicated employees. liability is strictly limited to the invoice value of the items concerned. PRODUCT CODING SYSTEM To enable us to continue to offer the largest stocks in A coding reference number exists for all products. To avoid delay in order processing the product Europe, we have again extended our warehouse facility code number must be supplied. CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS ensuring a prompt and efficient delivery service; backed We will allow credit to most archives, museums, libraries, colleges, universities, and other public by 26 years of experience and unbeatable customer care.
    [Show full text]
  • FEDLINK Preservation Basic Services Ordering
    SOLICITATION, OFFER AND AWARD 1. THIS CONTRACT IS A RATED ORDER UNDER RATING PAGE OF PAGES DPAS (15 CFR 700) 1 115 2. CONTRACT NUMBER 3. SOLICITATION NUMBER 4. TYPE OF SOLICITATION 5. DATE ISSUED 6. REQUISITION/PURCHASE NO. G SEALED BID (IFB) S-LC04017 G NEGOTIATED (RFP) 12/31/2003 7. ISSUED BY CODE 8. ADDRESS OFFER TO (If other than Item 7) The Library of Congress OCGM/FEDLINK Contracts 101 Independence Avenue, S.E. Washington, DC 20540-9414 NOTE: In sealed bid solicitations “offer” and “offeror” mean “bid” and “bidder” SOLICITATION 9. Sealed offers in original and copies for furnishing the supplies or services in the Schedu.le will be received at the place specified in Item 8, or if handcarried, in the depository located in Item 7 until __2pm______ local time __Tues., February 4, 2004_. CAUTION -- LATE Submissions, Modifications, and Withdrawals: See Section L, Provision No. 52.214-7 or 52.215-1. All offers are subject to all terms and conditions contained in this solicitation. 10. FOR A. NAME B. TELEPHONE (NO COLLECT CALLS) C. E-MAIL ADDRESS INFORMATION CALL: Deborah Burroughs AREA CODE NUMBER EXT. [email protected] 202 707-0460 11. TABLE OF CONTENTS ( ) SEC. DESCRIPTION PAGE(S) ( ) SEC. DESCRIPTION PAGE(S) PART I - THE SCHEDULE PART II - CONTRACT CLAUSES A SOLICITATION/CONTRACT FORM 1 I CONTRACT CLAUSES 91-97 B SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COST 3-23 PART III - LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACH. C DESCRIPTION/SPECS./WORK STATEMENT 24-77 J LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 98-100 D PACKAGING AND MARKING 78 PART IV - REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS E INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE 79 K REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS 101-108 F DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE 80 AND OTHER STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS G CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA 81-89 L INSTRS., CONDS., AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS 109-114 H SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS 90 M EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD 115 OFFER (Must be fully completed by offeror) NOTE: Item 12 does not apply if the solicitation includes the provisions at 52.214-16, Minimum Bid Acceptance Period.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Leather and Textiles from the Defence 1
    JAIC 1978, Volume 18, Number 1, Article 5 (pp. 33 to 43) CONSERVATION OF LEATHER AND TEXTILES FROM THE DEFENCE Kenneth Morris, & Betty L. Seifert ABSTRACT—The article provides case studies for the conservation of water- logged archaeological leather and textiles. The materials described had been recovered from the underwater archaeological site of the DEFENCE (an American privateer sunk in 1779). Modifications of existing conservation treatments for these materials are described, including the use of oxalic acid to reduce metallic encrustations, the support of leather disruptions, and the use of freeze-drying in the conservation of particularly fragile textiles. 1 INTRODUCTION THE USE OF FREEZE-DRYING in the preservation of archaeological materials is a technology still being developed. Newly modified treatments have been used with initial success at the Maine State Museum Regional Conservation Center (MSMRCC) for a variety of organic materials recovered from the underwater site of an American privateer, the DEFENCE.1 Among the materials being treated are wood, leather, and textiles. Some wood is being stabilized using a freeze-drying treatment proposed by Ambrose.2 Leather and textile treatments also use freeze-drying and some methods and materials proposed by Rosenquist3,4 and Geijer.5 The treatments for leather and textiles now in use at the MSMRCC are outlined here, and in each instance, case studies are presented. 2 A CONSERVATION TREATMENT FOR LEATHER FROM THE DEFENCE AT THE TIME of recovery from this site, the leather was often soft and flexible; or stiff and inflexible when encrusted with metallic deposits (principally iron). The surface of the leather varied in appearance from smooth and well preserved to worn and disrupted.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Article
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSERVATION SCIENCE ISSN: 2067-533X Volume 9, Issue 1, January-March 2018: 117-126 www.ijcs.uaic.ro INVESTIGATION AND RESTORATION OF A 17th CENTURY AD MANUSCRIPT AT AL-AZHAR LIBRARY IN EGYPT Taha Ayman SALAH* Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt Abstract This case study manuscript "Suluk alttariqat alssufia", which is kept at the Al-azhar Library in Cairo is documented and treated. The manuscript was made from cotton fibers that may have been used the induction of paper. It’s exposure to various deteriorating factors, including neglect and inappropriate exhibition, caused a lot of damage. The unavailability of appropriate conditions at the library, including relative humidity, temperature, light and unsealed storage cases, lead to gathering of air dust particles and aerosols inside the storage rooms. All these factors led to severe damage which resulted in the manifestation of dust and fungi stains formed on the paper manuscript. This research offers a treatment and restoration plan and illustrates the actual scientific procedures that were followed during the restoration and treatment of the manuscript, starting from the archaeological documentation, the analysis and scientific inspection (SEM-EDX, FTIR-ATR) which were carried out to identify the components, and the actual stages of restoration and conservation. Keywords: Manuscript; Degradation and deterioration effects; Fungal attack; Preservation and restoration; Analysis methods by FTIR and SEM-EDXS, Identification of fungi Introduction This part includes the conservation and restoration of a 17th century AD manuscript. It is considered to be monuments record for real estate property describing and location them.
    [Show full text]