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Home , Charles Gray (actor), Felix Leiter, Guy Hamilton, John Cork, Lana Wood, Marc Lawrence

Diamonds Are Forever (film)

Diamonds Are Forever (1971) is the seventh spy film in Kidd when they put him in a cremation oven, but Tree the series by , and the sixth stops the process when he discovers that the diamonds in and final Eon film to star as the fictional Franks’ body were fakes planted by Bond and the CIA. MI6 agent James Bond. Bond tells Leiter to ship him the real diamonds. Bond The film is based on 's 1956 novel of the same then goes to the Whyte House, a casino-hotel owned name, and is the second of four James Bond films directed by the reclusive billionaire Willard Whyte, where Tree by Guy Hamilton. The story has Bond impersonating works as a stand-up comedian. Bond discovers there that a diamond smuggler to infiltrate a smuggling ring, and Tree has been killed by Wint and Kidd, who did not know soon uncovering a plot by his old nemesis Ernst Stavro that the diamonds were fake. Blofeld to use the diamonds to build a giant laser. Bond At the craps table Bond meets the opportunistic Plenty has to battle his nemesis for one last time, in order to O'Toole, and after gambling, brings her to his room. stop the smuggling and stall Blofeld’s plan of destroying Gang members ambush them, throwing O'Toole out the Washington, D.C., and extorting the world with nuclear window and into the pool. Bond spends the rest of the supremacy. night with Tiffany Case, instructing her to retrieve the real After George Lazenby left the series, producers Harry diamonds at the Circus Circus casino. Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli tested other actors, but Tiffany reneges on her deal to meet back with Bond and studio wanted Sean Connery back, paying instead flees, passing off the diamonds to the next smug- a then-record $1.25 million salary for him to return. The gler. However, seeing that O'Toole was killed after being producers were inspired by Goldfinger, eventually hir- mistaken for her, Tiffany changes her mind. She drives ing that film’s director, Guy Hamilton, as well as Shirley Bond to the airport, where the diamonds are given to Bassey performing vocals on the title theme song. Lo- Whyte’s casino manager, Bert Saxby, who is followed to cations included Las Vegas, , and a remote facility. Bond enters the apparent destination Lufthansa's hangar in Germany. Diamonds Are Forever of the diamonds; a research laboratory owned by Whyte, was a commercial success, but received criticism for its where a satellite is being built by Professor Metz, a laser humorous camp tone. refraction specialist. When Bond’s cover is blown, he es- capes by stealing a moon buggy and reunites with Tiffany. Bond scales the walls to the Whyte House’s top floor 1 Plot to confront Whyte. He is instead met by two identi- cal Blofelds, who use an electronic device to sound like James Bond—agent 007—pursues Whyte. Bond kills one of the Blofelds, which turns out and eventually finds him at a facility where Blofeld look- to be a look-alike. He is then knocked out by gas, picked alikes are being created through surgery. Bond kills a test up by Wint and Kidd, and taken out to Las Vegas Valley, subject, and later the “real” Blofeld, by drowning him in where he is placed in a pipeline and left to die. a pool of superheated mud. Bond escapes, then calls Blofeld, using a similar elec- While assassins Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd systematically tronic device to pose as Saxby. He finds out Whyte’s loca- kill several diamond smugglers, suspects that South tion and rescues him, Saxby being killed in the gunfight. African diamonds are being stockpiled to depress prices In the meantime, Blofeld abducts Case. With the help of by dumping, and orders Bond to uncover the smuggling Whyte, Bond raids the lab and uncovers Blofeld’s plot to ring. Disguised as professional smuggler and assassin Pe- create a laser satellite using the diamonds, which by now ter Franks, Bond travels to Amsterdam to meet contact has already been sent into orbit. With the satellite, Blofeld Tiffany Case. The real Franks shows up on the way, but destroys nuclear weapons in China, the Soviet Union and Bond intercepts and kills him, then switches IDs to make the , then proposes an international auction it seem like Franks is Bond. Case and Bond then go to Los for global nuclear supremacy. Angeles, smuggling the diamonds inside Franks’ corpse. Whyte identifies an oil platform off the coast of Baja Cali- At the airport Bond meets his CIA ally , then fornia as Blofeld’s likely base of operations. After Bond’s travels to Las Vegas. At a funeral home, Franks’ body attempt to change the cassette containing the satellite con- is cremated and the diamonds are passed on to another trol codes fails due to a mistake by Tiffany, a helicopter smuggler, Shady Tree. Bond is nearly killed by Wint and attack on the oil rig is launched by Leiter and the CIA.

1 2 3 PRODUCTION

Blofeld tries to escape in a midget submarine, but Bond 3 Production gains control of the submarine’s launch crane and crashes the sub into the control room, causing both the satellite The producers originally intended to have Diamonds control and the base to be destroyed. Bond and Tiffany Are Forever re-create commercially successful aspects of then head for Britain on a cruise ship, where Wint and Goldfinger, including hiring its director, Guy Hamilton.[1] Kidd pose as room-service stewards and attempt to kill Peter R. Hunt, who had directed On Her Majesty’s Secret them with a hidden bomb. Bond kills them instead. Service and worked in all previous Bond films as editor, was invited before Hamilton, but due to involvement with another project could only work on the film if the produc- 2 Cast tion date was postponed, which the producers declined to do.[2] • Sean Connery as James Bond. • Jill St. John as Tiffany Case: A diamond smuggler. 3.1 Writing • Charles Gray as Ernst Stavro Blofeld: The head of SPECTRE. (Gray had previously appeared in the se- While On Her Majesty’s Secret Service was within its ries when he played Dikko Henderson in 1967’s You post-production stages, wrote initial Only Live Twice). treatments and a script for Diamonds Are Forever as a revenge-themed sequel with Irma Bunt and Marc-Ange • Jimmy Dean as Willard Whyte: An entrepreneur, Draco returning, and Bond mourning his deceased wife based on Howard Hughes. Tracy while Louis Armstrong's "We Have All the Time • Bruce Glover and Putter Smith as Mr. Wint and Mr. in the World" played in the background. When George Kidd: Blofeld’s henchmen. Lazenby departed from the role prior to the film’s re- lease, a complete rewrite was requested, in addition to • Norman Burton as Felix Leiter: CIA agent and Maibaum’s script failing to impress Albert R. Broccoli Bond’s ally in tracking Blofeld. and .[3] Following this, an original plot • Joseph Furst as Professor Doctor Metz: A brilliant had as a villain Auric Goldfinger's twin, seeking re- scientist and world’s leading expert on laser refrac- venge for the death of his brother. The plot was later tion. changed after Albert R. Broccoli had a dream, where his close friend Howard Hughes was replaced by an im- • Lana Wood as Plenty O'Toole: A beauty Bond poster. So the character of Willard Whyte was created, meets who comes to an unhappy ending. and Tom Mankiewicz was chosen to rework the script.[4] • Bruce Cabot as Bert Saxby: Whyte’s casino manager Mankiewicz says he was hired because Cubby Broccoli in cahoots with Blofeld. wanted an American writer to work on the script, since so much of it was set in Las Vegas “and the Brits write really • Bernard Lee as M: The head of MI6. lousy American gangsters” — but it had to be someone • as : M’s secretary. who also understood the British idiom, since it had British characters.[5] David Picker from United Artists had seen • Desmond Llewelyn as : Head of MI6’s technical the stage musical Georgy! written by Mankiewicz, and department. recommended him; he who was hired on a two week trial • Joe Robinson as Peter Franks: Diamond smuggler and kept on for the rest of the movie. Mankiewicz later whose identity is taken by Bond. estimated the novel provided around 45 minutes of the film’s final running time.[6] • Marc Lawrence as Rodney The adaptation eliminated the main villains from the • as Slumber Inc. attendant source Ian Fleming novel, mobsters called Jack and Ser- • Leonard Barr as Shady Tree: A stand-up comedian affimo Spang, but used the henchmen Shady Tree, Mr. [4] and smuggler. Wint and Mr. Kidd. • Laurence Naismith as Sir Donald Munger: Diamond Richard Maibaum’s original idea for the ending was a gi- expert who brings the case to MI6. ant boat chase across Lake Mead with Blofeld being pur- sued by Bond and all the Las Vegas casino owners who • David Bauer as Morton Slumber: President of would be sailing in their private yachts. Bond would rouse Slumber Incorporated, a funeral home. the allies into action with a spoof of Lord Nelson’s fa- • Ed Bishop as Klaus Hergerscheimer: Health physi- mous cry, “Las Vegas expects every man to do his duty.” cist for WW Techtronics. Maibaum was misinformed; there were no Roman gal- leys or Chinese junks in Las Vegas, and the idea was too • David de Keyser as Doctor expensive to replicate, so it was dropped.[7] • Lola Larson and Trina Parks as Bambi and Thumper Maibaum may have thought the eventual oil rig finale a 3.3 Filming 3

poor substitute, but it was originally intended to be much formed, Peter Lorre-like actor.[1] more spectacular. Armed frogmen would jump from the Film star Bruce Cabot, who played the part of Bert Saxby, helicopters into the sea and attach limpet mines to the rig’s died the following year and this turned out to be his final legs (this explains why frogmen appear on the movie’s film role. Jimmy Dean was cast as Willard Whyte after poster). Blofeld would have escaped in his BathoSub and Saltzman saw a presentation of him. Dean was very wor- Bond would have pursued him hanging from a weather [8] ried about playing a Howard Hughes pastiche, because he balloon. The chase would have then continued across was an employee of Hughes at the .[1] a salt mine with the two mortal enemies scrambling over the pure white hills of salt before Blofeld would fall to his Actresses considered for the role of Tiffany Case in- death in a salt granulator. Permission was not granted by cluded: , Jane Fonda and Faye Dunaway. the owners of the salt mine. It also made the sequence Jill St. John had originally been offered the part of Plenty too long. Further problems followed when the explosives O'Toole but landed the female lead after Sidney Korshak set up for the finale were set off too early; fortunately, a who assisted the producers in filming in Las Vegas loca- handful of cameras were ready and able to capture the tions recommended his client St. John,[12] who became footage.[7] the first American .[13] Lana Wood was cast as Plenty O'Toole following a suggestion of screenwriter Tom Mankiewicz.[1] The woman in the bikini named 3.2 Casting “Marie”, who in the beginning of the film is convinced by Bond to give up the location of Blofeld, was Denise George Lazenby originally was offered a contract for Perrier, Miss World 1953.[4] seven Bond films, but declined and left after just one, On A cameo appearance by Sammy Davis, Jr. playing on Her Majesty’s Secret Service, on the advice of his agent.[9] the roulette table was filmed, but his scene was eventually Producers contemplated replacing him with John Gavin deleted.[14] (though star was also considered),[1] as well as Michael Gambon, who rejected the offer telling Broccoli that he was “in terrible shape.”[10] United 3.3 Filming Artists’ chief David Picker was unhappy with this deci- sion and made it clear that Connery was to be enticed back to the role and that money was no object. When approached about resuming the role of Bond, Connery demanded the fee of £1.25 million and to entice the ac- tor to play Bond one more time United Artists offered to back two films of his choice.[11] After both sides agreed to the deal, Connery used the fee to establish the Scot- tish International Education Trust, where Scottish artists could apply for funding without having to leave their country to pursue their careers. Since John Gavin was no longer in the running for the role, his contract was paid in full by United Artists. The first film made under Connery’s deal was The Offence directed by his friend Sidney Lumet.[1] The second was to be an adaptation of Macbeth by using only Scottish ac- tors and in which Connery himself would play the title Sean Connery during the filming in Amsterdam, 31 July 1971. role. This project was abandoned because another pro- Filming began on 5 April 1971, with the South African duction of Macbeth (the Roman Polanski version) was al- scenes actually shot in the desert near Las Vegas, and fin- ready in production. ished on 13 August 1971.[1] The film was shot primarily in Charles Gray was cast as villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld, af- the US, with locations including the Interna- ter playing a Bond ally named Dikko Henderson in You tional Airport,[15] Universal City Studios and eight hotels Only Live Twice (1967).[1] David Bauer, who plays Mor- of Las Vegas.[16] Besides the in Buck- ton Slumber, previously appeared uncredited as an Amer- inghamshire, other places in England were Dover and ican diplomat also in You Only Live Twice. Southampton. The climactic oil rig sequence was shot musician Putter Smith was invited by Harry Saltz- off the shore of Oceanside, California. Other filming lo- man to play Mr. Kidd after a Band cations included Cap D'Antibes in France for the opening scenes, Amsterdam and Lufthansa's hangar at Frankfurt show. Musician Paul Williams was originally cast as Mr. [17] Wint. When he couldn't agree with the producers on Airport, Germany. compensation, Bruce Glover replaced him. Glover said Filming in Las Vegas took place mostly in hotels owned he was surprised at being chosen, because at first produc- by Howard Hughes, since he was a friend of Cubby ers said he was too normal and that they wanted a de- Broccoli.[13] Getting the streets empty in order to shoot 4 4 RELEASE AND RECEPTION was achieved through the collaboration of Hughes, the cement block on the bottom. Film crew members held a Las Vegas police and shopkeepers association.[7] The Las rope across the pool for her, with which she could lift her Vegas Hilton doubled for the Whyte House, and since the face out of the water to breathe between takes. The pool’s owner of the Circus Circus was a Bond fan, he allowed the sloping bottom made the block slip into deeper water with Circus to be used on film and even made a cameo.[4][7] each take. Eventually, Wood was submerged but was no- The cinematographers said filming in Las Vegas at night ticed by on-lookers and rescued before actually drown- had an advantage: no additional illumination was re- ing. Wood, being a certified diver, took some water but quired due to the high number of neon lights.[18] Sean remained calm during the ordeal, although she later ad- Connery made the most of his time on location in Las mitted to a few “very uncomfortable moments and quite Vegas. “I didn't get any sleep at all. We shot every night, some struggling until they pulled me out.”[24] I caught all the shows and played golf all day. On the weekend I collapsed – boy, did I collapse. Like a skull with legs.” He also played the slot machines, and once de- 3.4 Music layed a scene because he was collecting his winnings.[19] The site used for the Willard Whyte Space Labs (where Main article: Diamonds Are Forever (soundtrack) Bond gets away in the Moon Buggy) was actually, at that time, a Johns-Manville gypsum plant located just outside “Diamonds Are Forever”, the title song, was the second of Las Vegas. The home of was used for James Bond theme to be performed by Shirley Bassey, the scene in Tiffany’s house, while the Elrod House in after "Goldfinger" in 1964. Producer Harry Saltzman re- Palm Springs, designed by John Lautner, became Willard portedly hated the song, and only the insistence of co- Whyte’s house.[20] The exterior shots of the Slumber producer Cubby Broccoli kept it in the film. Saltzman’s mortuary were of the Palm Mortuary in Henderson, NV. major objection was to the sexual innuendo of the lyrics. The interiors were a set constructed at Pinewood Studios, Indeed, in an interview for the television programme where Ken Adam imitated the real building’s lozenge- James Bond’s Greatest Hits composer John Barry revealed shaped stained glass window in its nave. During location that he told Bassey to imagine she was singing about a filming, Adam visited several funeral homes in the Las penis. Bassey would later return for a third performance Vegas area, the inspiration behind the gaudy design of the for 1979’s Moonraker. Slumber mortuary (the use of tasteless Art Deco furniture The original soundtrack was once again composed by and Tiffany lamps) came from these experiences.[17] Pro- John Barry, his sixth time composing for a Bond film. duction wrapped with the crematorium sequence, on 13 August 1971.[4] With Connery back in the lead role, the "James Bond Theme" was played by an electric guitar in the some- Since the car chase in Las Vegas would have many car what unusual, blued gunbarrel sequence accompanied crashes, the filmmakers had an arrangement with Ford with prismatic ripples of light, and pre-credits sequence, to use their vehicles. Ford’s only demand was that Sean and in a full orchestral version during a hovercraft se- Connery had to drive the 1971 Mustang Mach 1 which quence in Amsterdam. serves as Tiffany Case’s car.[7] The Moon Buggy was in- spired by the actual NASA vehicle, but with additions such as flailing arms since the producers didn't find the design “outrageous” enough. Built by custom car fabri- 4 Release and reception cator Dean Jeffries on a rear-engined Corvair chassis, it was capable of road speeds. The fibreglass tires had to be Diamonds are Forever was released on 14 December replaced during the chase sequence because the heat and 1971. It grossed $116 million worldwide,[25] of which [21] irregular desert soil ruined them. $43 million was from the United States.[26] Hamilton had the idea of making a fight scene inside a Reviews were mixed, and the camp tone had a mostly neg- lift, which was choreographed and done by Sean Con- ative reaction. The film currently has a 67% “fresh” rat- [22] nery and stuntman Joe Robinson. The car chase where ing on Rotten Tomatoes.[27] Connery was applauded by the red Mustang comes outside of the narrow street on Kevin A. Ranson of MovieCrypt and Michael A. Smith the opposite side in which it was rolled, was filmed over of Nolan’s Pop Culture. Critic Roger Ebert criticised the three nights on Fremont Street in Las Vegas. The al- complexity of the plot and “moments of silliness” such leyway car roll sequence is actually filmed in two loca- as Bond finding himself driving a moon buggy with an- tions. The entrance was at the car park at Universal Stu- tennae revolving and robot arms flapping. He praised the dios and the exit was at Fremont Street, Las Vegas. It Las Vegas car chase scene, particularly the segment when eventually inspired a continuity mistake, as the car en- Bond drives the Mustang on two wheels.[28] Twenty-five ters the alley on the right side tires and exits the street years after its release, James Berardinelli criticised the [1][23] driving on the left side. While filming the scene of concept of a laser-shooting satellite and the performances finding Plenty O'Toole drowned in Tiffany’s swimming of Jill St. John, Norman Burton and Jimmy Dean.[29] pool, Lana Wood actually had her feet loosely tied to a Christopher Null called St. John “one of the least ef- 5 fective Bond girls – beautiful, but shrill and helpless”.[30] [10] David Walliams takes some acting tips from Michael Steve Rhodes said, “looking and acting like a couple of Gambon, The Sunday Times pseudo-country bumpkins, they (Putter Smith and Bruce Glover) seem to have wandered by accident from the ad- [11] Feeney Callan, Michael (2002). Sean Connery. Virgin Books. p. 217. ISBN 1-85227-992-3. joining sound stage into the filming of this movie.” But he [31] also extolled the car chase as “classic”. According to [12] pp. 400–401 Russo, Gus Supermob: How Sidney Kor- Danny Peary, Diamonds are Forever is “one of the most shak and His Criminal Associates Became America’s Hid- forgettable movies of the entire Bond series” and that “un- den Power Brokers Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 12 De- til Blofeld’s reappearance we must watch what is no better cember 2008 than a mundane diamond-smuggling melodrama, without the spectacle we associate with James Bond: the Las Ve- [13] Diamonds Are Forever Ultimate Edition DVD (Media notes). MGM/UA Home Video. ASIN: B000LY2L1Q. gas setting isn't exotic enough, there’s little humour, as- sassins Mr. Kidd and Mr. Wint are similar to characters [14] Gray, Ali (26 September 2014). “Actors You Didn't you'd find on The Avengers, but not nearly as amusing Know Were In Bond Movies”. Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved – and the trouble Bond gets into, even Maxwell Smart 28 September 2014. could escape.”[32] IGN chose it as the third worst James Bond film, behind only The Man with the Golden Gun and [15] “Los Angeles”. Postcard Destinations. 7 January 2008. 8 Die Another Day.[33] Total Film listed Mr. Wint and Mr. minutes in. Voyager Channel. Kidd, and Bambi and Thumper, as the first and second [16] Exotic Locations: Diamonds Are Forever Ultimate Edition, [34] worst villains in the Bond series (respectively). Disc 2 (PAL) (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. ASIN: The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best B00004VUHC. Sound (Gordon McCallum, John W. Mitchell and Al [17] Exotic Locations: Diamonds Are Forever Ultimate Edition, [35] [36] Overton) but lost to Fiddler on the Roof. Disc 2 (NTSC, Widescreen, Closed-captioned). ASIN: B000LY2L1Q. 5 See also [18] Peter Lamont. Commentary track: Diamonds Are Forever Ultimate Edition, Region 4 (DVD). MGM Home Enter- tainment. • Outline of James Bond [19] “Rare interview with Sean Connery on the set of Dia- monds Are Forever in Las Vegas”. MI6-HQ.com. Re- 6 References trieved 30 March 2011. [20] “Decorating: Diamonds are Forever”. HGTV. Archived [1] Inside Diamonds Are Forever: Diamonds Are Forever from the original on 25 June 2010. Retrieved 15 February Ultimate Edition, Disc 2 (NTSC, Widescreen, Closed- 2011. captioned) (DVD). MGM/UA Home Video. 2000. ASIN: B000LY2L1Q. [21] Ken Adam. Commentary track: Diamonds Are Forever Ultimate Edition, Region 4 (DVD). MGM Home Enter- [2] “Interview with Peter R. Hunt” (2). Retrovision. 1997. tainment. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. [22] Double-O Stuntmen. The Man with the Golden Gun Ulti- [3] Chernov, Matthew (26 October 2015). “Why We Never mate Edition, Disk 2: MGM Home Entertainment. Saw Alfred Hitchcock’s Bond, and Three More Lost 007 Movies”. Variety. Retrieved 27 October 2015. [23] “Diamonds Are Forever”. Turner Classic Movies. Re- trieved 25 January 2011. [4] John Cork. Commentary track: Diamonds Are Forever Ultimate Edition, Region 4 (DVD). MGM Home Enter- [24] Lana Wood. Commentary track: Diamonds Are Forever tainment. Ultimate Edition, Region 4 (DVD). MGM Home Enter- tainment. [5] Mankiewicz & Crane 2012, p. 133.

[6] Mankiewicz & Crane 2012, p. 138. [25] “Diamonds Are Forever”. TheNumbers. Retrieved 24 December 2007. [7] Guy Hamilton. Commentary track: Diamonds Are For- ever Ultimate Edition, Region 4 (DVD). MGM Home En- [26] “Diamonds Are Forever”. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 9 tertainment. December 2007.

[8] Oil Rig Attack: Diamonds Are Forever Ultimate Edition, [27] “Diamonds Are Forever”. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 3 Disc 2 (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. March 2010.

[9] Inside On Her Majesty’s Secret Service (DVD). OHMSS [28] Roger Ebert (1 December 1971). “Diamond Are Forever Ultimate Edition DVD: MGM Home Entertainment Inc. review”. Sun-Times. Retrieved 24 December 2000. 2007. 6 8 EXTERNAL LINKS

[29] Berardinelli, James (1996). “Diamonds Are Forever: A film review”. Reelviews.net. Retrieved 5 February 2008.

[30] Null, Christopher. “Diamonds are Forever”. Film- critic.com. Archived from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2008.

[31] Rhodes, Steve (1998). “Diamonds are Forever”. IMDb Reviews. Retrieved 5 February 2008.

[32] Danny Peary, Guide for the Film Fanatic (Simon & Schus- ter, 1986) p.123

[33] “James Bond’s Top 20”. IGN. 17 November 2006. Re- trieved 21 December 2007.

[34] Chris Hicks (13 October 2008). “Bond Month: The crappest Bond villians (sic) of all time”. Total Film. Re- trieved 15 October 2008.

[35] “The 44th (1972) Nominees and Win- ners”. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Re- trieved 27 August 2011.

[36] “Academy Awards Database”. AMPAS. Retrieved 6 February 2011.

7 Sources

• Mankiewicz, Tom; Crane, Robert (2012). My Life as a Mankiewicz. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-3605-9.

8 External links

• Diamonds Are Forever at the Internet Movie Database

• Diamonds Are Forever at AllMovie • Diamonds Are Forever at Rotten Tomatoes

• Diamonds Are Forever at Box Office Mojo • MGM Official website 7

9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1 Text • Diamonds Are Forever (film) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamonds_Are_Forever_(film)?oldid=696642709 Contributors: Karen Johnson, Maury Markowitz, Frecklefoot, Kchishol1970, Infrogmation, Liftarn, Gabbe, Mic, Ixfd64, Paul A, Docu, RickK, Whisper- ToMe, Furrykef, K1Bond007, Joy, Hajor, Dimadick, Phil Boswell, Robbot, DavidA, Dale Arnett, Rfc1394, LGagnon, Timrollpickering, Hig Hertenfleurst, GreatWhiteNortherner, Tobias Bergemann, David Gerard, Netoholic, Wwoods, Lestatdelc, Michael Devore, Gamaliel, RapidAssistant, Beardo, Hiphats, Fys, Opera hat, Jorm, DaveJB, Patrickjolliffe, Secfan, Hammersfan, Brisky, Eisnel, Bornintheguz, Ross- Patterson, Rich Farmbrough, Sc147, JustPhil, TMC1982, NetBot, 23skidoo, Dungodung, Rajah, Congruence, Robdumas, Voyager, Jason One, Schissel, Ryanasaurus007, Guy Harris, Daniel.inform, Mysdaao, SidP, DonQuixote, Sleigh, Eddie2, Japanese Searobin, Mel Etitis, Jersyko, Jpers36, Madchester, Skywayman, Zzyzx11, Tallyho70, Alcoved id, SteveCrook, Taestell, Grammarbot, Noirish, Rjwilmsi, Ve- gaswikian, MarnetteD, Robert Fraser, FlaBot, Lady Aleena, Mark83, Jay-W, Thefourdotelipsis, Cyclone49, Copperchair, Igordebraga, Bgwhite, Cuahl, YurikBot, Quentin X, Tommyt, Clinevol98, FrenchIsAwesome, Byron Vickers, Chaser, Heaven’s Wrath, GusF, Hell- bus, Hydrargyrum, Fnorp, Acountis, UDScott, Jalabi99, Kietotheworld, OettingerCroat, Tony1, Roche-Kerr, ColdFusion650, BassPlyr23, Pegship, Silverhorse, Ben King, Airodyssey, Poulpy, Roke, Bigmike, SmackBot, Asa01, KenL, Grey Shadow, Swerdnaneb, Marktreut, Wubb, Achmelvic, Bignole, CSWarren, Tschwenn, Msr69er, Mr.bonus, Fightingirish, Maciste, Fuhghettaboutit, Philvarner, Andymarczak, WoodyWerm, Alcuin, ReToOcS, Ohconfucius, Will Beback, Orbicle, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, John, IzzyVanHalen, Cardinal Wurzel, Kransky, MrMagoo, HADRIANVS, Mark Lungo, Kopf1988, Gordonov, SQGibbon, Mr Stephen, Rock4arolla, Lordz, Mintchocolate- bear, RJNeb2, The Drainpipe, WilliamJE, Harlekeyn, The Giant Puffin, Chouchoupette~enwiki, Drwarpmind, FairuseBot, Tawkerbot2, Signinstranger, Unidyne, Smukles, Stevingtonian, ShelfSkewed, WeggeBot, Martín Oregón, No1lakersfan, Cydebot, Msa1701, Treybien, Bellerophon5685, Sullivan9211, Lugnuts, Myscrnnm, Demomoke, Mallanox, Kozuch, Yorkshiresky, Thijs!bot, TonyTheTiger, Eludlow, Kieranthompson, Brichcja, Alientraveller, Robert Ullmann, Tomsintown, Adollar28cents, MachoCarioca, Format, Tonytam, Dr. Blofeld, Tobiasdelfa, RobJ1981, Trezjr, AdamDeanHall, MECU, Mikegt, Fredco, Andrzejbanas, Inqvisitor, JAnDbot, Ekabhishek, ZZnine- pluralZalpha, Harvester of Sorrow, Areaseven, MegX, Y2kcrazyjoker4, Magioladitis, El Greco, VoABot II, Nicholasm79, Ghibelline, Galileo01, Donald McKinney, Docnixon, TheLetterM, SnapSnap, Cpl Syx, Elsecar, Wayne Miller, MI6agent, SpecialWindler, Cliff smith, Dogma100, Ultraviolet scissor flame, Vnisanian2001, Don Cuan, Stompin' Tom, OddMNilsen, Ncmvocalist, Hondo11008, Mdumas43073, Colin473, Osaboramirez, Bond-22, Jerrykim, Dorftrottel, Alterrabe, D.wine, Sgeureka, Idioma-bot, Guy14, Signalhead, VolkovBot, Trea- suryTag, Kelapstick, Bovineboy2008, Philip Trueman, Rameriz, Guillaume2303, IllaZilla, BotKung, Kronsteen, Weetjesman, Nicknack- russian, Jc iindyysgvxc, Victory93, Juan Miguel Lopez Garcia Jimenez, Cjc13, SieBot, Hubier, Flamingtorch372, Rlendog, Hydeblake, A. Carty, FrankRizzo2006, Lightmouse, Polbot, Fratrep, Swellman, Cocoapropo, LeonMcNichol, Davidor7, Explicit, SlitheryDee, Cbrad- shaw, Martarius, ClueBot, Hutcher, Deanlaw, Rodhullandemu, Dansham, Foofbun, Mezigue, Bluerules, Trivialist, Charlr6, Boduke343, Winston365, Bener1992, Iohannes Animosus, SoxBot, 6afraidof7, Lord Cornwallis, Wxyz9009, Savolya, Fantr, XLinkBot, BodhisattvaBot, Cliff1911, IAMTrust, TFOWR, SilvonenBot, Spoonkymonkey, Magnificator, Addbot, Gevorg89, Jojhutton, OGO50, Darkness2005, Mac Dreamstate, Brookystreet, Tassedethe, Hereford, Ik2222, CountryBot, Vegaswikian1, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Granpuff, TaBOT-zerem, Tony Keen2, Troymacgill, SimpleJYouTube, AnomieBOT, Rubinbot, Riverstepstonegirl, Katarina Urban, Materialscientist, RadioBroadcast, Ol- lieFury, Xqbot, DSisyphBot, Betty Logan, Wkxki0t, Srich32977, Sir Stanley, Eric Blatant, GrouchoBot, Jamesbondfan007, Frankie0607, RibotBOT, Christianster94, Locobot, Edgeshappy12, Chaheel Riens, Su.iss, Spongefrog, DeNoel, Stolengood, Hchc2009, Redrose64, DrilBot, RedBot, Agastordoff, Typhoon966, Vacacion, EmausBot, John of Reading, Edlitz36, Marek Koudelka, Mkratz, Unreal7, Zuko Halliwell, SporkBot, David J Johnson, ClueBot NG, D007lee, Wgolf, Widr, Helpful Pixie Bot, DemitriNieto, Scream4man, Alphacat- marnie, SchroCat, Kailash29792, Upsmiler, Gael13011, Gabriel Yuji, Chafe66, Dutchy85, Ldavid1985, Crypto dentist, Anbu121, Max- OfTheDead, SNAAAAKE!!, DanielC46, Mr Morden76, Corvairscott, Diregge, Davster1999, SonOfThornhill, Babar4589, Diamond- sAreForever1971, Existskiss, ArmbrustBot, Marigold100, Laurencebeck, Ugog Nizdast, Luceyh01, MagicatthemovieS, Survivorfan1995, Edsull12, Monkbot, Arderich, Ssven2, Ebb1993, Karl Vickers, KasparBot, TnT dad, Jean Paul Valley, TroySchulz and Anonymous: 338

9.2 Images • File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Diamonds_Are_Forever_-_UK_cinema_poster.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/77/Diamonds_Are_ Forever_-_UK_cinema_poster.jpg License: Fair use Contributors: http://flickrhivemind.net/User/lipsmashing/Interesting Original artist: Artist & illustrator Robert McGinnis • File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-by- sa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Mr._Smiley_Face.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: This file was derived from Mistersmileyface.png: Mistersmileyface.png Original artist: Mistersmileyface.png: Otakuma • File:Portal.gif Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Portal.gif License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Origi- nal artist: ? • File:Sean_Connery_1971.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Sean_Connery_1971.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 nl Contributors: Nationaal Archief, Nummer toegang 2.24.01.05 Bestanddeelnummer 927-7001 Original artist: Mieremet, Rob / Anefo • File:Symbol_book_class2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Mad by Lokal_Profil by combining: Original artist: Lokal_Profil • File:Video-x-generic.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg License: Public domain Contrib- utors: ? Original artist: ? 8 9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

• File:Walther_PPK.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Walther_PPK.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Con- tributors: travail personnel / own work - adapté de / from Image:Walther PPK.jpg Original artist: Nanoxyde • File:Wikiquote-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

9.3 Content license

• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0