A Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 2065–2274 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman EDITORIAL STAFF EDITORIAL BOARD Founding Editor Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA Ban Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Managing Senior Editor Michael Apicella, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Associate Editors David Brandling-Bennet, Washington, D.C., USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Donald S. Burke, Baltimore, Maryland, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Patrice Courvalin, Paris, France Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Stephanie James, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Vincent Deubel, Lyon, France Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Ed Eitzen, Washington, D.C., USA Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Duane J. Gubler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA J. Glenn Morris, Baltimore, Maryland, USA David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Sakae Inouye, Tokyo, Japan Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Patricia M. Quinlisk, Des Moines, Iowa, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Didier Raoult, Marseilles, France Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA John S. MacKenzie, Brisbane, Australia David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Tom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Copy Editors Stephen S. Morse, New York, New York, USA Angie Frey, Ronnie Henry, Anne Mather, Carol Snarey, Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Cathy Young Fred A. Murphy, Davis, California, USA Production Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA P. Keith Murray, Ames, Iowa, USA Reginald Tucker, Ann Jordan, Maureen Marshall Stephen Ostroff, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Editorial Assistant Rosanna W. Peeling, Geneva, Switzerland Carolyn Collins David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA www.cdc.gov/eid Gianfranco Pezzino, Topeka, Kansas, USA Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Nancy Rosenstein, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop D61, Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-371-5329, fax 404-371-5449, email [email protected]. Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Patricia Simone, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Control and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA are affiliated. Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special Jan Svoboda, Prague, Czech Republic permission; proper citation, however, is required. Bala Swaminathan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Robert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South Africa Use of trade names is for identification only and does not Phillip Tarr, Seattle, Washington, USA imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Health and Human Services. Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 10, No. 12, December 2004 A Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends Vol. 10, No. 12, December 2004 On the Cover Origin of Amphibian Edward Hicks (1780–1849). Chytrid Fungus . .2100 Peaceable Kingdom (c. 1833) C. Weldon et al. Histologic evidence indicates southern Africa as the origin Oil on canvas of amphibian chytrid fungus. (44.5 cm x 60.2 cm) Nonsusceptibility of Primate Worcester Art Museum Cells to Taura Syndrome Virus . .2106 C.R. Pantoja et al. Primate cells commonly used to test for viruses of the About the Cover p. 2269 Picornaviridae family are not susceptible to infection by Taura syndrome virus of penaeid shrimp. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Introduction Virus, Southern Mexico . .2113 J.G. Estrada-Franco et al. Links between Human p. 2101 Serosurveys and virus isolations have shown enzootic and and Animal Health . .2065 endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus circulation in N. Marano and M. Pappaioanou southern Mexico since the 1996 epizootic. Opisthorchiasis from Perspective Imported Raw Fish . .2122 Wildlife as Source of O. Yossepowitch et al. Zoonotic Infections . .2067 Acute liver fluke infection results from eating raw fish ille- H. Kruse et al. gally imported from Siberia. Zoonoses with wildlife reservoirs are a major public health problem on all continents. Identifying Rodent Hantavirus Reservoirs, Brazil . .2127 Synopsis A. Suzuki et al. Bolomys lasiurus and Oligoryzomys nigripes are rodent Potential Mammalian reservoirs of Araraquara-like and Juquitiba-like hantaviruses, Filovirus Reservoirs . .2073 which cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Brazil. A.T. Peterson et al. Biologic principles and explicit assumptions reduce the West Nile Virus Outbreak in range of possibilities in identifying the reservoir of North American Owls . .2135 filoviruses. A.Y. Gancz et al. Susceptibility of North American owls to West Nile virus is Research associated with native breeding range. Nipah Virus Reemergence, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Bangladesh . .2082 Fever, Mauritania . .2143 V.P. Hsu et al. P. Nabeth et al. Two Nipah virus encephalitis outbreaks in Bangladesh may Hospital outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever be associated with person-to-person transmission. in Mauritania alerted authorities to sporadic cases in the community. Risk Factors for Alveolar Echinococcosis . .2088 Alligators as West Nile P. Kern et al. Virus Amplifiers . .2150 A case-control study of alveolar echinococcosis in Germany K. Klenk et al. identifies several risk factors for the disease. Juvenile alligators may help transmit West Nile virus in some areas. Exposure to Nonhuman p. 2124 Primates, Cameroon . .2094 Interspecies Transmission of N.D. Wolfe et al. Swine Influenza . .2156 A high percentage of rural villagers are exposed to blood of Y.K. Choi et al. nonhuman primates and risk acquiring infectious diseases. Swinelike H3N2 influenza viruses were isolated from two geographically distinct turkey farms in the United States. West Nile Strain Virulence for American Crows . .2161 A.C. Brault et al. Increased viremia and deaths in American Crows inoculat- A Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends Vol. 10, No. 12, December 2004 ed with a North American West Nile viral genotype indicate 2231 Lyssavirus in Bats, Cambodia that viral genetic determinants enhance avian pathogenicity J.-M. Reynes et al. and increase transmission potential of WNV. 2235 Human-to-Dog Transmission of Cats as Risk for Transmission MRSA of Salmonella . .2169 E. van Duijkeren et al. F. Van Immerseel et al. 2238 Tularemia with Peritonitis Cats can shed drug-resistant Salmonella serotypes in the X.Y. Han et al. environment. 2241 Tickborne Encephalitis, Norway VecTest for Detecting T. Skarpaas et al. West Nile Virus . .2175 2244 Antibodies to SARS Coronavirus W.B. Stone et al. in Civets The VecTest West Nile virus assay is adequate for diagnos- C. Tu et al. tic and surveillance purposes in American Crows, Blue Jays, and House Sparrows. 2249 Salmonella Associated with Veterinary Clinic Everglades Virus Infection B. Cherry et al. of Cotton Rats . .2182 2252 West Nile Virus Viremia in Wild L.L. Coffey et al. Rock Pigeons We characterized Everglades virus infection of cotton rats p. 2194 A.B. Allison et al. to validate their role as reservoir hosts in the enzootic transmission cycle. Letters Dispatches 2256 Cryptosporidium felis and 2189 Avian Influenza in Tigers and C. meleagridis in Persons with HIV Leopards 2257 Bartonella henselae in African Lion, J. Keawcharoen et al. South Africa 2192 Novel Avian Influenza H7N3 Strain 2258 M. tuberculosis Transmission, M. Hirst et al. Human to Canine 2196 Human Illness from Avian 2260 Taura Syndrome Virus and Influenza, British Columbia Mammalian Cell Lines S.A. Tweed et al. 2261 Bartonella clarridgeiae and 2200 Molecular Detection of SARS B. henselae in Dogs Coronavirus p. 2208 2263 Hantavirus Infection in Humans, C. Drosten et al. Colombia 2204 Detecting West Nile Virus in Owls and Raptors A.Y. Gancz et al. Book Reviews 2265 Emergence and Control of Viral 2207 Parastrongylus cantonensis in a Encephalitides Nonhuman Primate, Florida M. Pappaioanou M.S. Duffy et al. 2265 Prions and Prion Diseases: Current 2211 Simian Malaria in Human