FrontLines WWW. USAID.GOV OCTOBER 2009 INSIDE HIV Antibodies Discovered THIS ISSUE Study Makes Progress Toward Vaccine

As Vietnam prepares for influenza A USAID partner, the "We are delighted with outbreaks, this chick is immunized against International AIDS Vaccine IAVI’s promising and novel the bird flu. See page 6. Initiative (IAVI), recently achievements; if there is one Photo by Richard Nyberg, USAID Nyberg, Richard Photo by discovered that some people thing USAID understands, who are exposed to HIV create it’s the importance of setting FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVES: antibodies, or naturally occur- long range goals," said David ring protection, against the Stanton, division chief in Peace and Security virus. The findings are expected USAID’s Office of HIV/AIDS. Iraqi torture victims get help from to play an important role in "Translating these findings into designing an eventual vaccine AFP Sam Panthaky, Photo by Johns Hopkins University ...... SEE PAGE 5 an actual vaccine will surely for HIV. take time and much more work, BRACING FOR FLU USAID and IAVI signed an Governing Justly and Democratically but IAVI’s [study] provides An Indian teacher super- agreement in 2006 to hasten Kosovo mayors held accountable for important insight into what a vises a class of mask- development of an AIDS vac- vaccine might look like so it can wearing children at K. R. campaign promises ...... SEE PAGE 7 cine. IAVI tested more than effectively instruct the immune Raval Primary school in 1,800 HIV positive people in Ahmedabad Aug. 11 as the Investing in People system to produce these power- several developing countries swine flu death total was ris- United We Serve volunteer campaign ful antibodies." ing in that country. Officials when the antibodies were dis- The antibody announcement here and in countries around goes worldwide ...... SEE PAGE 8-9 covered that block or neutralize came as researchers in Thailand the world are preparing for the global H1N1 pandemic the virus. announced Sept. 24 they had Economic Growth Results of the study, entitled this fall. In mid-September, successfully tested a new AIDS How diversification can save a farm "Protocol G: A Cross Sectional President Barack Obama vaccine that had reduced infec- announced that 10 percent Study to Screen for and and keep its owners from going mojado ...... SEE PAGE 7 tions by 30 percent. The U.S. of the U.S. supply of H1N1 Generate Broadly Neutralizing Defense Department spent $100 vaccine will be made avail- Humanitarian Assistance Monoclonal Antibodies from able to countries that would million on the three-year test Preventing volcanic eruptions from HIV Infected Individuals," were not otherwise have access to involving 16,000 Thais—half published in the journal vaccine supplies through the becoming disasters ...... SEE PAGE 16 Science World Health Organization. in September. "There is a broad interna-  see HIV on page 14 tional recognition that the 2009 H1N1 pandemic pres- ents a global health risk," Borlaug, Father of Green the White House said in a statement. "Millions of peo- Revolution, Dies ple around the world have USAID Acting been affected, thousands Administrator By Ben Barber have died, and the virus Alonzo Fulgham continues to spread across arrives at Norman Borlaug, an Iowa international borders." U.S. Camp Bastion farmer who created high yield- officials are also encouraging in Helmand ing wheat varieties that saved citizens in this country to Province Sept. 8 hundreds of millions of people prepare for H1N1, which has during a trip to already sickened thousands Afghanistan and from starvation, died Sept. 12. this flu season. Pakistan. See He was 95. See page 12 for more infor- page 3 for details. Winner of the Nobel Peace mation about how USAID Prize in 1970 for his discover- is helping staff prepare. ies, Borlaug worked well into the final months of his life seek- ment that said: "We were sad-

ing to improve wheat as well as USAID Ben Barber, Photo by dened to learn of the passing of potato and other food crops. Norman Borlaug Dr. Norman E. Borlaug, whose Photo by Barbara Feinstein, USAID Barbara Feinstein, Photo by Supported by USAID and pioneering agricultural research U.S. Agency for International Development other donors, he conducted increase their yield, but that their improved the lives of millions PRSRT STD Bureau for Legislative and Public Affairs pioneering work beginning in stalks would bend and break of people around the world and Washington, D.C. 20523-6100 Postage and Fees the 1940s at a research cen- under the weight of the grain. earned him the Nobel Peace Penalty for Private Use $300 PAID USAID Official Business Permit No. G-107 ter outside Mexico City. The So he crossed high yielding Prize, the Presidential Medal of Rockefeller Foundation and the wheat with a short stem variety Freedom and the Congressional Mexican government also sup- and found it could hold up the Gold Medal. Only Dr. Martin ported his work. enormous heads of grain. Luther King Jr., Mother Teresa, Borlaug, who studied at the Research on rice later produced Nelson Mandela and Elie Wiesel University of Minnesota and short-stemmed varieties with dou- have been similarly honored with earned a PhD in plant disease, ble and triple the yield of grain. all three awards." knew that adding fertilizer Secretary of State Hillary to wheat crops would vastly Rodham Clinton released a state- see BORLAUG on page 14  Page 2 INSIDE DEVELOPMENT

WHAT THEY ARE SAYING . . . The Great Bond By James Bachelder Six weeks ago I came to Jordan from the U.S., with a great desire REFORM THE RIGHT SHOULD EMBRACE to learn Arabic. In several ways, moving to Jordan hasn’t been easy By Mark Green as the culture, local habits, and social restrictions are different from the ones I grew up with and know. However, the people in Amman Remarkably, a reform effort being Congress’ most strident anti- from organizations—including have proved to be very hospitable, and I find Amman as one of the is under way in Washington foreign aid voice to a co-sponsor different U.S. government safest and friendliest cities I ever visited. that has yet to devolve into a of a bill providing $200 million to agencies—all taking credit for After a couple of weeks, a friend invited me to attend a youth partisan shouting match. The help fight HIV/AIDS in Africa. the American people’s generos- event in Jerash. I did not know where Jerash was, I enjoy taking reform involves our foreign Mr. Helms and other con- ity. The maze of obscure names these opportunities to meet more people and use the little bit of aid apparatus, which is in dire servatives, including President not only was unsightly, but it Arabic that I have learned. need of an overhaul. It mat- Bush and former Senate Majority also confused our Tanzanian At the location, one of the first things I saw was USAID logos on ters because amid this tough Leader Bill Frist, Tennessee audience and diminished the banners all over the place. I could tell the organization was from my economy, every taxpayer Republican, were key players diplomatic value of our work. country, but I had never heard of it before. The slogan below the dollar is especially precious in passing landmark programs After sitting through a logo, in Arabic, was translated to me as saying: "From the American and because of the great good such as African debt relief, the few of these events, I issued people." I felt a sense of honour to be from the U.S. foreign aid can do. President’s Emergency Plan for a directive creating a uni- In the opening area of the event complex, I saw hundreds of youth The legislation that autho- AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the fied logo—an American registering for the event; I knew that was going to be a wonderful rizes our overseas development President’s Malaria Initiative, and flag with the phrase "From cultural experience for me. programs is more than 45 the Millennium Challenge Act the American People" in The youth received a T-shirt and a backpack with the USAID years old, without updates or (which created the Millennium Kiswahilii—and requiring logo on them. It was amazing to see the Jordanian youth so proud to improvements in more than Challenge Corp.). that it be on every press state- wear their USAID T-shirts and carry around the USAID backpack. 20 years. At a time when our ment and event banner. This would be difficult to get U.S. youth to do, so this was truly a national security and foreign Thankfully, we see sign of the great bond that has been formed between the people of policy priorities have become It matters because some progress. The Foreign Jordan and the U.S. increasingly dependent on Relations Committees in both The event was geared towards health safety. The day went by effective development, our amid this tough the House and Senate have quickly, filled with many workshops, lectures, exhibitions, a political leaders must act economy, every introduced reform bills that telematch, great local food, guest speakers, and a talent show. swiftly and put partisan politics have gained some Republican Visiting the booths, it was great to find many USAID-funded aside in order to enact reforms taxpayer dollar is support, but there is still a long programs. It was like watching my tax money at work before my eyes. that will make our foreign aid especially precious way to go. The same leader- I listened to the heartening speech from Jay Knott, the director of programs more efficient, more ship from conservatives that USAID, who spoke to the youth, urging them forward innovatively effective, and therefore more and because of the helped deliver millions of peo- in the areas of water conservation, education, health, and economic capable of supporting and ple in the developing world development. It was encouraging for me to see my country take such advancing our national inter- great good foreign from poverty and disease over an interest in the youth of Jordan. ests around the globe. aid can do. the last decade is needed to This letter to the editor is reprinted from The Jordan Times, Despite some initial positive keep the foreign aid reform Aug. 26, with the author’s permission. steps by the Obama administra- effort focused on increasing James Bachelder recently graduated from the University of tion and Congress, a critical Without these initiatives, mil- accountability, eliminating Phoenix with a master’s degree in information technology. He constituency is missing from lions of lives would have been waste, and maximizing results. currently lives in Amman, Jordan, where he is studying Arabic. . the discussion: congressional lost, the conditions of despair I call upon my conservative conservatives. As a proud fiscal that terrorists and dictators all former colleagues in Congress hawk and a true believer in the too effectively exploit would to rise to this challenge and FRONTLINES: power of U.S. foreign assis- have deepened, and fewer devel- join the debate. I urge the tance to lift lives and enhance oping countries would be on Democratic majority to run the OCTOBERS PAST alliances, I urge conservatives paths toward self-sufficiency. reform process in an open and to get more engaged and Despite this important prog- bipartisan way and keep it from 1969: FrontLines reported that, as a result, "people let down embrace the opportunity this ress, U.S. foreign assistance is becoming a debate over money on an agreement between the their guard and became com- debate presents. not as effective and supportive and divisive social issues. Agency, the Goodyear Co., placent. They thought malaria I served in Congress of our diplomacy and security Given that foreign assis- and the Indian government to wasn’t a problem anymore. from 1999 to 2007, when efforts as it should be. Right tance reform is fundamentally jointly finance the $12 million Funding malaria control and an unprecedented bipartisan now, foreign-assistance pro- about making the United tire manufacturing facility in training programs lost priority." coalition came together grams are overseen by more States better at saving lives, Ballabgarg, India. In the same 1989: In a featured article, and increased U.S. foreign than 60 government offices that helping more countries like issue, FrontLines noted a speech FrontLines noted that an "emerg- assistance aimed at easing the frequently are competitive and Tanzania get on the road to by then-USAID Administrator ing information technology" could suffering of people in devel- uncoordinated. Foreign aid bud- true self-sufficiency, and high- John A. Hannah urging Congress make access to information in oping countries. Without the geting has become a mess of ear- lighting our leadership and to support the creation of the the developing world much easier participation and leadership marks because the Cold War-era compassion abroad, we have Overseas Private Investment and quicker. The article invited of conservatives in Congress Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to get it right—and we have to Corporation "to attract American readers to come to the Agency’s and the George W. Bush (FAA) is decades out of date. do it quickly. private resources and know-how Development Information Center administration, none of this I saw firsthand how inefficient to the challenge of development." to test the newly adopted "optical would have been possible. this system can be at times when I Mark Green is a former 1979: In a full-page article, disks" or CD-ROMs. The vital role played by was U.S. ambassador to Tanzania Republican member of the FrontLines reported that "malaria 1999: Five decades of assis- conservatives was perhaps in 2007-08. Early on, I would U.S. House of Representatives makes a comeback." Saying tance to Jordan was highlighted best exemplified by the trans- attend ribbon cuttings for U.S.- from Wisconsin and ambas- that the pesticide DDT offered in a full-page FrontLines article. formation of the late Sen. funded health clinics and other sador to Tanzania. He is the a chance to wipe out malaria The U.S.-Jordanian celebration Jesse Helms, North Carolina programs only to see banners with director of the Malaria No "once and for all," Edgar Smith, featured a month-long exhibit of Republican, who went from countless logos and acronyms More Policy Center. . a USAID health officer, said that photographs and artifacts cover- "we were too successful" and ing 50 years of partnership. .

2 FrontLines October 2009 Page 3 DIALOGUE

Mission of the Month TURKMENISTAN INSIGHTS FROM ACTING ADMINISTRATOR ALONZO FULGHAM

Each community was required to contribute at least Acting Administrator Alonzo Fulgham visited Afghanistan and 25 percent of the cost estimate Pakistan Sept. 5-11, along with Deputy Secretary of State Jacob for their initiative, raising a Lew, Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs Rich Verma, total of $200,000 in labor, Deputy Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Paul materials, and other resources. Jones, and USAID Acting Assistant Administrator for Management "Thanks to USAID, we Drew Luten. Afterwards, he sat down with FrontLines Editorial have a good and steady supply Director Ben Barber to discuss the trip.

Photo by USAID Photo by of electricity in our homes and A community activist displays a new transformer USAID helped install no longer have to plan which Q: What was your impression of USAID’s work in Peshawar, in Turkmenistan’s Bibioten Village, Dashoguz Province. electrical appliance to use, so Pakistan, near the volatile tribal areas along the Afghan border? that we don’t lose electricity Activists Expand Community altogether," says Yakulym. FULGHAM: Our work in Peshawar is unquestionably some of the A new transformer not only most innovative and courageous USAID is undertaking anywhere in Services in Turkmenistan provides electricity for the the world. Despite the difficult circumstances and security concerns, we work with our partners in health, education, water, sanitation, By Virginija Morgan current 167 households, but has enough capacity to service and other basic needs in communities of the Tribal Areas and North new construction in the com- West Frontier Province where the Pakistan government has had lim- Challenge "My wife said that I was ited access. Our support to the Swat area has been both courageous spending more time in these munity. To match the $4,000 Most Turkmenistan citi- and effective and I am enormously proud of the work our Office of community meetings than at grant from USAID for the zens are reluctant to exercise Foreign Disaster Assistance team has carried out in the region. home," said Khudayberdy transformer, the community their right to participate in Yakulym, an activist in Bibioten provided over $1,300 worth of civic activism and rely on the Q: Pakistani and Afghan officials say U.S. aid goes to costly U.S. Village of the Gorogly District, labor, meals, and transporta- government to address their contractors. Instead, they would like it to go to host government Dashoguz Province. tion. The local government problems, even when a com- officials. How do we begin to resolve this? and the utility company munity has the resources to More than 3,000 community replaced electrical poles and resolve them. members from 42 communi- FULGHAM: We are undertaking a major review of our assistance wires, built a new platform for For example, even though ties across the country became to determine how to channel it through local authorities when they the station, and installed the the country has considerable involved—including farmers, are capable of managing U.S. funds. For example, the Afghanistan equipment. hydrocarbon wealth, many youth, and women. Ministry of Health increased its aid budget by 800 percent and rural areas lack basic infra- Communities designed proj- On average, communi- other ministries are rushing to emulate those efforts. In Pakistan, structure and services. Roads, ects for road improvement, jobs ties contributed between 70 we are working with the Supreme Audit Institution and the Office water, and electricity systems for youth and women, upgrades percent and 90 percent of the of Acquisitions and Assistance to identify more local institutions have seen little renovation to electricity systems, and other required cost-share amount— capable of programming U.S. assistance. since the Soviet period, and ways to address pressing needs. through labor, transport Our efforts in Pakistan are emblematic of this administration’s in many locations have all but Project staff helped the com- expenses, and meals for work- desire to direct a greater percentage of our assistance dollars to local disintegrated, leaving the com- munities resolve legal issues ers— for their projects. "We partners, where appropriate. As you know, development work begins munities to struggle for even related to their plans. USAID are already negotiating with with building the capacity of host-country governments, organiza- the most fundamental needs. provided small grants to par- the local government a new tions, and civil society. Still, we need to be sure that our partners— The government has allo- tially finance the projects, with project to pave the main street government or otherwise—are able to manage programs at the stan- cated considerable amounts remaining amounts secured in our village," says Yakulym. dards we require for our assistance. for upgrades as part of a $4 through community fundraising The project has benefited billion rural development and government funding. 75,000 Turkmen in rural com- Q: What struck you as the most important thing you saw on this trip? program, but because com- During the last year of the munities across the country. FULGHAM: The most important thing I saw, and continue to see— munities don’t voice their project, USAID also helped "I am confident that many particularly in our work in Afghanistan—is the ability of the U.S. gov- needs, they often are left out communities to develop 25 of these communities will ernment to come together through a whole-of-government approach. of improvement plans. economic development plans continue working with their The civilian-military relationship in Afghanistan is stronger now than to improve local service local governments on further delivery. I’ve ever seen it before, resulting in a solid strategy and direct linkages Innovative Response improvements of their local between policies and resources. If we had had that match-up of finan- infrastructure," says Aynabat To encourage the devel- Results cial resources and policy previously, Afghanistan would probably be opment of civil society in Ataeva, manager of the much further along on the development continuum. Turkmenistan, in September Communities have renovated USAID-supported Dashoguz 2006, USAID launched a parks, residential buildings, Civil Society Support Center. Q: What are the greatest challenges facing USAID? three-year program to train offices, sports fields, and play- "These activists have seen activists to identify local grounds; and improved access how they can engage with FULGHAM: One challenge we are facing is our ability to recruit needs, design plans to address to water, gas, electricity, and their local governments on a mid-career and senior level officers for Critical Priority Country them, and seek funding. Local computers. Youth have received variety of issues, and will keep (CPC) assignments, in addition to asking our officers to do a sec- officials were involved in each vocational training such as building on this resource in the ond tour (in a CPC) away from their families. We are currently step of the process. carpet-weaving and sewing. future." . see INSIGHTS on page 11 

www.usaid.gov 3 Page 4 GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS

President Obama, however, The impending food short- as the U.N. High Commis- BRIEFS issued a national interest waiver ages are due to poor harvests sioner for Refugees and the Tanzania for Bolivia and Venezuela, so and limited access to hard International Committee of Childbirth Deaths some aid programs can "continue currency among rural dwellers the Red Cross. to support specific programs to buy maize meal and other USAID has provided the Tackling Exceed 2 Million to benefit the Bolivian and Zimbabwean staple foods, the majority of this aid to help Sri Worldwide Venezuelan people," Kelly said. Voice of America reported, cit- Lankans who fled the conflict Malaria, The announcement was part ing USAID reports. in the North. The aid includes More than 2 million babies of the annual U.S. certification FEWSNET said the situation food, medical care, individual and mothers die worldwide of countries that are actively par- in the cities is better because hygiene and baby kits, emer- Maternal each year from childbirth ticipating in the effort to crack food imports have risen this gency health response kits filled complications, outnumbering down on the illegal narcotics year, a situation likely to con- with bandages and medicines, Health child deaths from malaria and trade. tinue through the end of 2009. and health outreach programs. HIV/AIDS, the Associated By Laura Ashbaugh Some 20 countries were Forbes Matonga, national Additionally, some funds will Press reported from South identified as major drug-transit director of Christian Care, a be used to build sanitation and Although Tanzania boasts Africa Oct. 6. or drug-producing countries in main distribution agent for the bathing facilities as well as tem- political stability and one of According to a study the annual report, according to U.N. World Food Program, told porary shelters, and to pay for the fastest growing economies released in early October, 1.02 Agence France Presse. Zimbabwe’s Studio 7 weekly emergency transportation. in sub-Saharan Africa, it still million babies are stillborn faces alarming maternal mor- The three countries decertified news program that food aid is and another 904,000 die soon tality, rapid population growth, this month were also decertified likely to be reduced from last after birth. By comparison, Study Says U.S. and widespread poverty. in 2008, during the presidency of year’s levels due to insufficient 820,000 children die from USAID is assisting George W. Bush. donor support and poor data on Should Lead malaria and 208,000 die from Tanzania in responding to these U.S. funds "will continue to need, adding that he sees more in Monitoring HIV/AIDS worldwide. issues by helping to reduce support" civil society and small problems than FEWSNET in About 42 percent of the Animal Diseases malaria and HIV/AIDS, pre- community development pro- urban zones. world’s 536,000 maternal vent maternal deaths, expand grams in Venezuela, while the A USAID-funded study by deaths also occur during agribusiness, and protect the waiver will allow for "continued a panel set up by the Institute childbirth, according to the Israel, USAID, environment, said Tanzania support for agricultural devel- of Medicine and the National study. Deaths in Africa and Director Rob Cunnane on a opment, exchange programs, Ethiopia Launch Research Council recommends South Asia account for three- recent trip to Washington. small enterprise development, that the U.S. take the lead in a quarters of the maternal and Agriculture Project A major part of the USAID and police training programs" in global effort to protect people infant deaths. budget in the African nation Bolivia, AFP reported. Ethiopia’s Daily Monitor from new outbreaks of deadly of 40 million people goes The research was led reported Sept. 2 that Israel’s infectious diseases that originate towards health care, especially by Save the Children, the Deputy Prime Minister and in animals such as the H1N1 flu malaria eradication, HIV/ Gates Foundation, and Johns Somali Refugees Minister of Foreign Affairs Israel virus, AIDS, and SARS. AIDS programs, and improv- Hopkins University with Fill Camps Avigdor Liberman was to pay a The panel noted that ing maternal and child health, investigators from a dozen two-day official visit to Ethiopia air travel, climate change, NAIROBI, Kenya—Hundreds he said in an interview with countries. It was published that week, according to the population growth, and rising of thousands of Somali refugees . in the October journal of the Embassy of Israel in Ethiopia. demand for meat products FrontLines are jammed into camps that are A USAID program has International Federation of Liberman was to meet with from developing countries "barely fit for humans," with poor been instrumental in assisting Gynecology and Obstetrics. Ethiopian officials to sign coop- have accelerated the spread of sanitation and little access to Zanzibar to reduce malaria Poverty is one of the main eration agreements between "zoonotic" diseases. water and medicine, the British by over 97 percent in just two causes of these deaths. In Israel and Ethiopia, the embassy "At the moment, it’s like aid agency Oxfam said Sept. 3, years, he said. wealthier countries, most said in a statement. In addition, a wildfire," said Dr. Gerald the Associated Press reported. "The malaria eradica- women give birth with a Liberman was also expected Keusch of Boston University, The camps are in Somalia, tion program in Zanzibar skilled attendant, while in to take part in the official who helped lead the group that Kenya, and Ethiopia. showed…we can have a poor countries, few women inauguration ceremony of the wrote the report. "We deal with More than half of the Somali significant impact in a fairly do so. Butajira Center of Excellence for it as an emergency. It costs huge population—3.8 million people— quick time period," Cunnane Horticulture, a tripartite center amounts of resources. It would need humanitarian aid, according said. "It has given people a for propagation of tropical fruits be a lot cheaper and cost-effec- Bolivia, Venezuela to the United Nations. sense of what this program and vegetables established by tive to have a system in place. Anti-drug The Dadaab complex in can achieve, and we’re work- the minister of agriculture and The Ottowan Citizen Kenya—the largest refugee camp ing to show that it can be Measures Come rural development, USAID, and reported that the panel called for in the world—is home to more replicated elsewhere." Israel’s Agency for International a sustainable, integrated surveil- Up Short than 280,000 people in an area Cunnane said that the mis- Development Cooperation. lance system to monitor animal meant to hold 90,000. Oxfam said sion is expanding the malaria WASHINGTON—Burma, and human populations world- program throughout mainland Bolivia, and Venezuela failed that in the Somali town of Afgoye wide and for moving quickly to Tanzania, and it is already to meet international anti-drug near the bullet-scarred capital, USAID Supporting contain new outbreaks. having an impact in the north- measures, which could result 485,000 people are taking shelter Displaced in Such a system could have ern lake region. in sanctions, State Department on a 9-mile strip of land. provided early detection Sri Lanka Tanzania also faces spokesman Ian Kelly said for the H1N1 virus, which alarming rates of maternal Sept. 16. The U.S. government has became a pandemic weeks Zimbabwe Food mortality, one of the highest "Bolivia, Burma, and provided approximately $57 mil- after it emerged in North Crisis Looms fertility rates in Africa, and a Venezuela, ‘failed demonstra- lion for humanitarian assistance America in March, said very high unmet demand for bly’ during the last 12 months Food stocks in most rural to Sri Lanka in 2009, the Voice the panel’s other co-chair, contraceptives. to adhere to international coun- households in Zimbabwe will of America reported Sept. 1. Marguerite Pappaioanou of With a significant increase ternarcotic agreements and be depleted by early October, The sum includes $42 mil- the Association of American in funding recently, the office take counternarcotic measures warned USAID’s Famine Early lion in emergency food aid and Veterinary Medical Colleges. has begun focusing on set forth in U.S. law," said Warning Systems Network, or over $11 million in emergency From news reports and Kelly in a statement. FEWSNET, Sept 1. non-food relief to agencies such other sources. . see TANZANIA on page 15 

4 FrontLines October 2009 Page 5 GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS

Young Acquire Skills to Find Work TRAINING IRAQIS or Start Business TO TREAT VICTIMS By Chris Ward OF TORTURE As a child selling candy in the streets of Medellin, In northern Iraq’s Kurdistan used to address major mental Colombia, Adail Cano Marin region, U.S. mental health health issues. seemed unlikely to become researchers are assisting local The team then works with a small business owner and professionals and trainees to local medical officials to set up catalyst for local economic provide mental health services to treatment programs. development. survivors of Saddam Hussein’s The team identified and After his father died when he regime of torture and genocide. adapted two promising interven- was just 6 years old, Marin was A network of newly-trained tions, neither of which have forced to help provide for his community mental health work- been implemented outside the family, as his mother struggled ers interviewed torture and geno- West—behavioral activation and to keep her four children in cide survivors and identified a list cognitive processing therapy— school and off the city’s often of priority mental health prob- and trained local health care dangerous streets. lems. These included: depression, workers in their use. Unable to afford further anxiety, post-traumatic stress Behavioral activation is schooling or training after high Foundation Youth International Photo by disorder, and grief. a therapy designed to treat school, Marin took whatever Adail Cano Marin completed an entra21-supported program in USAID has invested close depression, based on the Medellin, Colombia, and now runs his own business. Programs that to $4 million in this program premise that people’s mental odd jobs he could find. His help young people join the labor market or become entrepreneurs prospects changed, however, have reached tens of thousands of youth throughout Latin through its Victims of Torture states improve if they do things when he joined entra21, a job America and the Caribbean. Fund. that make them happy and training program supported by The Applied Mental Health avoid things that are distress- USAID and the Inter-American (IYF)-implemented activity indi- with critical life skills such as Research (AMHR) group from ing. Cognitive processing Development Bank (IDB). cates that 75 percent of the first teamwork, problem solving, Johns Hopkins University’s therapy helps people suffering The program, along with phase graduates had either been and communication. "Entra21 Bloomberg School has assisted from depression, anxiety, and another USAID program, placed in a job, started their own gave me the opportunity to gain torture and trauma victims post-traumatic stress disorder. Youth:Work, has helped tens business, or returned to school. a competitive skill, and taught worldwide. But Paul Bolton, Individuals suffering from of thousands of young people IYF and IDB launched a second me that it is possible to achieve a member of the AMHR team, those disorders exhibit distress across the developing world phase of the program in 2007 the dreams that we young people said the torture in Iraq was the by avoiding things that remind to gain skills to succeed in that will reach an additional have," said Marin. worst of which he was familiar. them of the original trauma. an increasingly competitive 50,000 disadvantaged young IYF is incorporating its Not only were people arrested During treatment, counselors environment. people. model into a new global pro- and tortured but, at times, their encourage patients to talk about Experts estimate there are Since completing the gram called Youth:Work, which families were brought in to their traumatic experiences and more than 1.1 billion people Colombia entra21 Jovenes con allows USAID to set up youth watch. to try to respond differently in between the ages of 15 and 25 Futuro (Young People with a employability programs in many "This was torture at a differ- stressful situations. worldwide. Some 85 to 90 mil- Future) program in November countries. ent level, very much both mental Torture survivors who par- lion of them are unable to find 2008, Marin, now 23, has Projects have begun in and physical torture," he said. ticipate in an evaluation of the jobs. About 300 million are opened a small business special- Jordan, Morocco, and the One Iraqi doctor described therapies receive 12 weeks of working but earn $2 a day or less. izing in women’s clothing that Caribbean. the need for mental health ser- treatment and will have their Between 2001 and 2007, the employs three workers and has Youth:Work Jordan, for vices in his country as grave. symptoms and ability to function first phase ofentra21 assisted generated jobs for another 10 example, is a five-year, $30 In Iraq, the AMHR pro- in daily life assessed before and nearly 20,000 such young people people as suppliers and retailers. million collaborative effort with gram improves the ability of after treatment. in 18 countries across the Latin His success is due in part the Jordanian government, the torture survivors to function. The most effective therapies America and Caribbean region. to entra21, which helped private sector, and NGOs. It is Community mental health will form the basis of future aid A recent evaluation of the him to develop technical and designed to equip out-of-work, workers are trained to interview for torture survivors in Kurdistan International Youth Foundation entrepreneurship skills along marginalized young people in people in affected communi- and possibly other community- urban areas with the skills to find ties in order to understand local based mental health programs employment, become positive priorities and concepts of mental around the world, USAID and agents of change within their distress. That information is AMHR officials said. . communities, and lead healthier lifestyles. Each new Youth:Work To learn more about the AMHR’s project plugs into a grow- ing network that shares best work to address mental health practices. An example was an event in Washington, D.C., this issues in the developing world, read May on "What Works in Youth Employability." The event drew "Mending Wounded Minds" experts from around the world published in the magazine of the to discuss how to employ disad- vantaged young people. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Other international confer- Photo by International Youth Foundation Youth International Photo by ences on youth employment With additional funding through Caterpillar, 500 young people Public Health, summer 2009 issue, from impoverished urban areas in Peru are gaining skills in areas were recently held in Amman, such as heavy equipment operations, mechanics, and welding at http://magazine.jhsph.edu. through the entra-21 program. see JOBS on page 15 

www.usaid.gov 5 Page 6 THE REGIONS

AFRICA ASIA Senegal Protects Women Vietnam Through Family Planning Prepares for By Sue Telingator H1N1, Future DAKAR, Senegal—In a recent The government of Senegal, promotional film shown in together with USAID and other Pandemics Senegal during a family plan- partners, is changing its family By Richard Nyberg ning event, the camera zooms in planning campaign and empha- on a health professional who is sizing the importance of birth HANOI—USAID is helping talking about one of the most spacing. Vietnam develop model pro- tragic cases she had witnessed. USAID’s Senegal office is grams not only to contain bird

"She was a girl of 17," carrying out a five-year, $20 flu, but to cope with H1N1 and USAID Nyberg, Richard Photo by Clara Cissé, a family planning million campaign to address future pandemics. Animal health workers in counselor begins. "And she was the needs of families in their In 2003, Vietnam reported the southern Vietnam immunize a chick to keep bird flu in check. pregnant. She had refused all reproductive years, including world’s first human case of avian methods of family planning. She increased access to care before influenza. Since then, the coun- had refused a cesarean section, and after the baby’s birth, trained try has experienced more than and cases of biodegradable even though it was recom- counselors to help mothers with 100 human cases, half of which disinfectant powder provided by mended. After seven months, family planning and reproduc- resulted in deaths, and 3,000 ani- USAID to high-risk provinces. she became pregnant again. This tive health issues, malaria pre- mal outbreaks. But the number Government and development time, she had a uterine rupture vention programs, easier access of human and animal cases has partners are looking to adapt and finally, had to have a com- to birth control, and specialized dropped significantly as Vietnam USAID models for reporting and plete hysterectomy after having nutrition programs. There is also has taken measures against tracking bird flu outbreaks to only one child." a special activity designed to H5N1, the scientific designation help handle H1N1. U.S.-funded Though the specifics change, encourage more male involve- for bird flu. pilot initiatives, including two this story is common. ment in family planning issues. Meanwhile, thousands villages where special measures In 2005, according to the Mothers risk the loss of their of Vietnamese have become have been taken to reduce the

USAID-funded Demographic own life, as well as the lives of Nyberg Richard Photo by infected with H1N1 in recent risk and spread of disease in the and Health Survey (DHS), five their children, by spacing births A man and his daughter months, almost all of whom have southern Can Tho and northern mothers and 41 newborns in too close together and not fol- from the Ranerou district in recovered. Vietnamese officials Hung Yen provinces, are attract- Senegal die each day from com- lowing a pre-natal and post-natal northern Senegal say USAID’s $37 million in ing a lot of attention. plications related to giving birth. healthcare program. pandemic influenza support since "USAID support for Can Tho For each mother who dies, there The causes are varied. USAID is conducting 2005 has helped the country plan has been beneficial, especially are at least 10 more who suffer Uncertainty over who is national public information and and react appropriately. to strengthen the surveillance from serious obstetric complica- responsible for family planning education campaigns, including "USAID’s avian influenza system at the community level," tions. In 2005, only 12 percent within a couple can result in outreach and family planning activities help us a lot to prepare said Luu Phuoc Hau, deputy of women used contraception. neither taking proper action. services to Senegal’s 15 larg- for H1N1," said Nguyen Thu Ha, director of the province’s animal Some women hide est employers; and outreach to deputy director of the Provincial health department. "The avian contraception from Senegal’s growing adolescent Preventative and Medicine and pandemic awareness level their spouses, for population through a reproduc- Center in Can Tho. has definitely increased." fear their husbands tive health curriculum in high "The protective equipment In July, USAID sponsored will accuse them school. and disinfectant spray can also Vietnam’s first community out- of being unfaithful. USAID hopes that providing be used for H1N1," he said, break simulation for more When the husband a safety net will ensure fewer referring to thousands of sets of is the decision women will end up like the personal protective equipment see VIETNAM on page 15  maker, wives 17-year-old in the movie. are sometimes And if, in spite of all these forced into having measures, a family is still not closely-spaced taking advantage of family pregnancies, sacri- planning opportunities, exter- ficing their health nal forces could play a role. and the health of Ibrahima Seck, an imam from their children. the town of Khodoba in eastern Religion can Senegal and the father of six also play a part in children, sees the economy as a family planning strong influence on family plan- constraints. Senegal ning decisions. is a predominantly "I think the mentality is start- Muslim country, ing to change," he said. "I know and while the tenets of a woman who used family of Islam promote planning and after 12 years had safe birth spacing only two children because the Photo by Richard Nyberg, USAID Nyberg, Richard Photo by practices, there is a family couldn’t afford more. A Animal health workers Pham Ngoc Thien, left, and Le Vu Linh

Photo by Sue Telingator Sue Photo by lot of misinterpreta- lack of income and unemploy- from Thanh My and Vinh Trinh communes show how to vaccinate Aïssatou Faye, wife of Imam Ibrahima tion among the ment are having an impact on a chicken during a USAID-sponsored training session in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. Seck, and one of their six children population. the size of families." .

6 FrontLines October 2009 Page 7 THE REGIONS

LATIN AMERICA Agricultural Diversification—an Alternative to Illegal Migration By Natasha Basley and Samantha Croasdaile

MONTE REDONDO, communities most prone to food the risk of crop disease, and to Honduras—The Amador fam- insecurity, with low nutrition plant their crops in a way that ily was down on its luck. With rates, and limited access to edu- protected them from the elements. five sons and their growing fami- cation and health services. Before too long, with some train- lies, Don Felipe and his wife The RED project, however, ing and technical assistance, the could barely eke out a living on does not simply give to the land began to yield the crops: the land they farmed. poor—it addresses food insecu- tomatoes, cucumbers, and chiles. Crops were at the whim of rity by increasing income. Instead Production went up, and so did the the elements, often suffering of calling recipients of its assis- family’s sales to the local markets. from disease and too much rain. tance "beneficiaries," the project "We were planning to go "Before, it was simply a disas- deals with farmers as "clients," mojado [emigrate illegally] to ter," one of the Amador brothers teaching them the needed steps the United States," one of the said, remembering how difficult to maximize productivity of their brothers admitted, "but this pro- life had been. land, diversify their crops, and gram gave us a reason to stay." With the same arid land, access markets both near and far. Things at the Amadors’ home however, the Amador’s neighbor, The Amador family had tried look a lot different today. The

Paulino Raudales, seemed to USAID Photo by everything. RED was their last dirt floor in the house has been be doing just fine. In fact, more Tomato crop production in Honduras. hope. Raudales recommended replaced with a cement floor, than fine—he was producing the family get in touch with the and the broken down warehouse far beyond his needs and selling Economic Diversification said Eduardo Chirrinos, the RED technical advisor assigned has been repaired. to grocery stores in the nearby Project, or RED. project’s coordinator. According to the region, Marco Nunez. "We now have trust in our capital city of Tegucigalpa. RED aims to help vulner- to the United Nations human The Amador family learned to land because we know it will His secret: USAID’s Rural able communities in Honduras, development index, these are the use the right chemicals to lower produce," said Felipe Amador. . EUROPE & EURASIA MIDDLE EAST Forums Hold Kosovo Mayors Accountable for Promises VITI/VITINA, Kosovo—In order to measure the performance municipal personnel reported the days leading up to Kosovo’s of the mayors being discussed. increased responsiveness from November 2007 elections, vot- Reacting to inquiries in antici- mayors and local administration. ers and mayoral candidates par- pation of the televised discussion, The 2007 elections were ticipated in public forums that mayors initiated a flurry of actions Kosovo’s first open list municipal were strong examples of democ- pertaining to their campaign elections, which allowed citizens racy in action. (City names promises, including a road repair to vote for individual candidates appear in Serbian and Albanian project that began in Deqan/ as opposed to only choosing a Bank Americas/West MWH Photo by Workers install a new road base as part of a $5.2 million project to in this article.) Decani; placement of waste bas- party. Kosovo’s next local elec- link villages in central West Bank. However, few mechanisms kets in the village of Bardhosh in tions will be held on Nov. 15, the were in place to track fulfillment Fushe Kosovë/Kosovo Polje; and first since the country declared of campaign promises made new desks brought to a school in independence in February 2008. New Road Connects during the mayors’ tenures. A Novobërd/ Novobrdo. This article was prepared by USAID-supported initiative thus In addition, citizens and Worldlearning. . Isolated West Bank Villages provided citizens of Kosovo with an opportunity to hold NABLUS, West Bank— Fawzi Shehadeh, mayor of elected officials accountable for Residents in central West Bank Urif Village, said that 15,000 their performance. were celebrating in the street when Palestinians stand to benefit. Several months after the local the 3-kilometer dirt road connect- The road project, completed elections, a series of nationally ing the villages of Urif and Asira in August 2009, is one of 17 televised forums called "Life Al Qibliya, south of Nablus, was projects under USAID’s $300 in the Municipality" aired. The paved for the first time. million Infrastructure Needs forums allowed citizens to check Young men were dancing Program (INP) in the West Bank on progress toward the mayors’ and cheering, and children were implemented by MWH Americas campaign promises, but also riding their bicycles on the new Inc. and International Relief and required prior research in mea- asphalt road. Development. With $80 mil- suring the one-year performance This road section is part of the lion in first-year funding, INP is of mayors in their posts. $5.2 million Bureen-Urif Road constructing seven schools, two Project, linking the isolated vil-

With USAID’s support, the Balkan Investigative Photo by water systems, and over 60 kilo- local organization producing Citizens of Viti/Vitina Municipality listen as Mayor Nexhmedin lages of Bureen, Madama, Asira meters of asphalt roads. the forums conducted thorough Arifi updates them on progress toward campaign promises during Al Qibliya, and Urif with the research in the municipalities in a nationally televised forum. main regional highway. see WEST BANK on page 15 

www.usaid.gov 7 Page 8 FOCUS ON UNITED WE SERVE

AGENCY VOLUNTEERS FOR ‘UNITED WE SERVE’ By Ashtar Analeed Marcus

On Sept. 11—eight As an independent organization, The Europe and Eurasia years after the attacks on Books For Soldiers delivers Bureau sponsored the the World Trade Center and books, magazines, DVDs, and food drive for McKenna’s the Pentagon—hundreds of other media materials to soldiers Wagon-Martha’s Table; USAID volunteers gave blood worldwide. and helped out with Street and donated books to members Fulgham also hosted the Soccer USA, playing and of the U.S. military. Armed Services Blood Program spending time with young The event marked the at the Agency’s Washington athletes. closing day of President headquarters where military Others at USAID teamed Barack Obama’s United We personnel collected blood from up with charities during the Serve volunteerism initiative, employees for shipment to three-month initiative: which started June 22 with soldiers in need. The Latin America federal government leaders Agency field offices around and the Caribbean setting the example. the globe participated in activities Bureau and the Office of Photo by Paul Cohn Photo by "On this first National Day including painting, children’s Development Partners jointly Fier, Albania’s February 8 neighborhood park and playground of Service and Remembrance, games, and donation drives for sponsored three charitable was inaugurated in June. Dozens of volunteers from the U.S. Embassy painted faces, installed playground equipment, and we can summon once more needy communities. organizations: Girls Inc., brought American cakes, cookies, and pies. The USAID- that ordinary goodness of Other USAID activities Arlington Street People’s supported project brought together local businesses, community America," Obama said, "to in Washington, led by Nancy Assistance Network, and organizations, and residents to benefit 350 families. serve our communities, to Ruppel of the Democracy, Jobs for Homeless People. strengthen our country, and to Conflict, and Humanitarian The Center for Faith- better our world." Assistance (DCHA) Bureau, Based and Community At USAID, books from included: Initiatives, the Management every literary genre were The Global Health Bureau Bureau, and DCHA stacked high against a wall. hosted a food drive for Food hosted D.C. Public School USAID employees donated and Friends. Beautification Day this year. about 1,000 books plus DVDs, The Office of Human The Management Bureau CDs, board games, puzzles, Resources sponsored a back-to- also sponsored an Our Daily and electronic games and school supplies drive for needy Bread Food Program drive. consoles such as PlayStation. elementary school students. "On a day when Employees came to the The Economic Growth, others sought to sap our Legislative and Public Affairs Agriculture, and Trade Bureau confidence, let us renew Bureau where they fulfilled sponsored a drive for suits and our common purpose," soldier wish lists with books other professional clothing for said Obama at a Pentagon and DVDs contributed by the Washingtonians looking for Memorial wreath-laying work force over the previous work. ceremony. "Let us remember two months. Others penned The Office of the Chief how we came together as emotional letters of gratitude Operating Officer tutored and one nation, as one people, to the soldiers for inclusion in mentored people at the Hubbard as Americans, united not each outgoing box. Place Tenant Association. only in our grief, but in our USAID Acting Administra- DCHA assembled HIV/AIDS resolve to stand with one

Photo by Louie Rodaje, EQuALLS2 Louie Rodaje, Photo by tor Alonzo Fulgham attended prevention kits for distribution another, to stand up for the Weng Vasquez of USAID’s office in the Philippines paints Tetuan the Books For Soldiers drive. throughout Washington. country we all love." . Central Elementary School in Zamboanga City.

Photo at left: Betty Chung, deputy assistant general counsel for legislation and policy (center left with dark glasses), and over 20 members of the McLean Bible Church reach the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro at 19,330 feet on July 1 to raise awareness for The Last Well, a faith-based nonprofit organization whose goal is to provide Liberia with clean water. Their climb, which raised more than $35,000, followed a week of service activities, including sports camps for the children of Arusha, Tanzania (right, with Chung), working alongside MANNA Worldwide.

8 FrontLines October 2009 Page 9 FOCUS ON UNITED WE SERVE

In July, volunteers from the Europe and Eurasia Bureau helped out as teams of homeless youth and adults from various cities competed in Washington to represent the United States in the Homeless World Cup in Italy in September. USAID volunteers served food and water, manned information tables, cleaned up trash, and cheered teams on. Left to right: Caleb Drown, Abigail Lackman, Lori Rakoczy, Emily Suarez-Harris, Yireh Mercado, Luis Mercado, and Robin Phillips

USAID’s office in Albania and U.S. Embassy staff organized a school event in Gorican that included planting trees along the front sidewalk. They also donated computers from a recently closed USAID project and worked with a farmer’s association to purchase and rebuild volleyball, basketball, and soccer areas. Photo by USAID Photo by Five boxes of school supplies worth $1,000 were collected by the Human Resources Office and delivered to the Washington, D.C., public schools. Photo by Jennifer List, USAID List, Jennifer Photo by USAID’s Office of Development Partners and the Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean provided turkey sandwiches, apple sauce, fruit juice, and dessert for the Arlington Street People’s Association Network in August. Pictured: Todd Kirkbride of ODP Photo by Patricia Adams, USAID Adams, Patricia Photo by Acting Administrator Alonzo Fulgham, right, volunteered at Our Daily Bread Inc., which helps low-income residents See page 11 for an article on in Fairfax, Va. The USAID Bureau for Management sponsored a food drive that collected over 800 pounds of food USAID volunteers at Martha’s donations. Also pictured, left to right: Lynn Winston of the Bureau for Management, and Christina Garris and Mike Kledzik of Our Daily Bread Inc. Table in Washington.

www.usaid.gov 9 Page 10 WHERE IN THE WORLD. . .

JULY 19, 2009 – AUGUST 15, 2009 Marc A. Griego Jeffrey A. Lehrer Martha Erin Soto M/MPBP/PERF to EGAT/PAICO/ El Salvador/SOI to CA/DO Cambodia to India/DIR PROMOTED Linda Q. Armstrong PAMS COMP/NE/OJT to Philippines/ Jeffrey R. Levine Donna R. Stauffer Sandra Amin OFM Deborah L. Grieser Uganda/GD to EGAT/EG/EDFM FA/COO/PM/SIM&E to Human Resources Specialist Uganda/D to COMP/LT TRNG COMP/FS David J. Barth Dawn M. Liberi Cassandra G. Bannister COMP/DETAIL/SUP to COMP/ Monica Stein Olson Egypt/DIR to EGAT/ED John P. Groarke Lead Security Specialist Egypt/DIR to Morocco/DIR FS/OS/DS Morocco/DIR to COMP/ Herbert R. Bauer DETAIL/SUP Stephen Brown Sarah Ann Lynch COMP/NE/OJT to Egypt/PSD Luis E. Guzman Human Resources Specialist COMP/NE/OJT to Nicaragua/ Afghanistan/OPPD to COMP/ Loren O. Stoddard Ana I. Bodipo Memba TAO DETAIL/SUP India/GDO to Peru/D Ghytana E. Butler COMP/NE/OJT to Mozambique/ Supervisory Human Resources William C. Hansen Leslie Marbury Peter W. Sullivan GD Specialist Albania to Caucasus Bolivia/EO SOT to SA/EGO India/DIR to COMP/FS Caroline B. Brearley Phyllis C. Daniels Mary M. Hobbs Hannah E. Marsh Sarah Swift Asia//SCAA to COMP/LT TRNG Financial Management Sudan/OSSP/HC to Kosovo/EGO ODP/OD to DCHA/VFP Africa/WA to Africa/DP Specialist Susan K. Brems Nancy L. Hoffman Andrew Maybrook Elizabeth B. Warfield Angola to AA/GH Hanna Jung Dominican Republic/EXO to CA/PS to Afghanistan/OPPD Egypt/HRH to India /DIR Social Science Analyst Samuel Carter COMP/LT TRNG Jed D. Meline Torina Yvette Way M/OMS to Iraq/MGT Sara Jane Keefe Heltner Christian Hougen COMP/DETAIL/SUP to Nepal/D Africa/WA to Africa/EA General Business Specialist Karen I. Cavanaugh Philippines/OED to COMP/FS Taraneh Milani Roohi Felicia Wilson GH/HIDN/HS to COMP/LT TRNG Sara Anne Lemanski David E. Hull Caucasus/JOPA to Afghanistan/ COMP/NE/OJT to Guatemala/ Traffic Management Specialist Christina Chappell COMP/FS to Armenia/EGO OSSD OH&E Nigeria to SA/HO Anastasia Y. Liu Shelby P. Hunt Stephanie L. Minor John M. Winfield Economist Robert W. Clark COMP/NE/OJT to India/EXO HR/OD to DCHA/PPM M/OMS to Uganda/D Afghanistan/OFM to Jordan/FM Hattie Mason Mark S. Hunter Mark A. Mitchell Karl Wurster Human Resources Specialist David J. Consigny CA/FM to Peru/CONT COMP/NE/OJT to Brazil COMP/NE/OJT to Morocco/EG Egypt/FM to Tanzania/D Roslyn Matthews Sonila Hysi Diane B. Moore William D. Young II COMP/NE/OJT to Sudan/OMD Program Analyst Jennifer L. Crow Yang West Bank/Gaza/JOPA to Iraq/ Philippines/EXO to Afghanistan/OM COMP/NE/OJT West Africa/ OAA Jeffrey Zahka Portia R. Persley Verla C. L. Nathaniel RAAO COMP/NE/OJT to Kenya/PROG COMP/NE/OJT to Albania Supervisory Contract Specialist Hussain W. Imam Adriana Davis RSC/RFMO to COMP/FS Charles Whitney Oliver Jessica H. Zaman Elena A. Prince COMP/NE/OJT to Ghana Afghanistan/PFNP to Indonesia/BHS Bolivia/DEM SOT to Administrative Operations Michelle A. Jenning Nicaragua/DI Specialist Regina Dennis Ethiopia/ANR to El Salvador/S01 Alexandria L. Panehal Ghana/PPD to Haiti/PHN Ecuador/D to EGAT/I&E Lori L. Rakoczy Melissa A. Jones RETIRED Program Analyst Alexander Dickie IV Ethiopia/SSS to Namibia Helen M. Pataki Dennis Craig Anderson Nicaragua/D to ME/IR West Africa/OMD to Jordan/D Carlitha S. Ricks Sean M. Jones Edward W. Birgells Contract Specialist Katharine Joy Dow Colombia to USAID Sangita Patel James J. Dunlap COMP/NE/OJT to Kenya/PROG Representative/Yemen Namibia to Armenia/SRO Raymond Lee Edler Leona Sasinkova Gary E. Hansen Contract Specialist Mark L. Driver Cynthia Jo Judge Janet M. B. Paz Castillo Egypt//DIR to Ghana LAC/CAM to Afghanistan/OPPD GH/OHA/SPER to Pakistan/OD Alan I. Reed William W. Schmitt Martha W. Rees Social Science Analyst Sylva Etian Gary Juste Charles S. Pope O/S LANG TRNG to COMP/FS/ SA/MDO to Afghanistan/OD COMP/NE/OJT to Russia/D Maurice L. Shines MOVED ON OS/DS JO (Private Enterprise) Yashwant Kainth Kurt A. Pope Laquita M. Ames Karen B. Fall M/OMS to Philippines/EXO Bolivia/EXO to Peru/EXO Michael D. Blackman Elwander S. Syrkes Mali/CONT to Ghana Program Specialist Jeffrey Kaufman Cynthia Diane Pruett Richard P. Carbone Qing L. Francis COMP/NE/OJT to Afghanistan/OD Armenia/OD to O/S LANG TRNG Vijitha M. Eyango Wanda Taylor COMP/NE/OJT to Bangladesh/ Rafaela F. Herrera Budget Analyst James R. Kirkland Calvin L. Revelle OFM COMP/FS/OS/DS to Nigeria SEC/BIDS/AT to SEC/BIDS Brandon L. Iske Dorothy R. Toliver Kay J. Freeman Rosalyn H. James Human Resources Specialist Melissa Knight Dean Pietro Salpini COMP/LT TRNG to Mexico West Africa/ANRO to Senegal/D LAC/SPO to SA/RPPDO Timothy Lamping Sylvia Denise Wimbley Andrew M. Maxey Natalie J. Freeman Thomas J. Kress Lead Administrative Officer Frederic G. Scott Mary Lynn McKeon Africa/WA to COMP/FS Senegal/PROG to Pakistan/PDO Liberia to Asia/EAA Kenneth R. McNamara REASSIGNED Gary F. Fuller Ronald Jr. Kryk Reena Shukla Hunter B. Mims Asia/SCAA to Cambodia DROC to Afghanistan/OD Bruce N. Abrams Brazil to Mozambique Stephen Norton Egypt/DG to Peru/OHR Ramses Gauthier Ky T. Lam Joshua J. Smith Carlos E. Pascual COMP/FSLT to Honduras/CONT COMP/NE/OJT to India/PHN COMP/NE/OJT to Egypt/PPS Yohannes A. Araya Lauren Noelle Seely COMP/NE/OJT to East Africa/ Raymond Grant Dwaine E. Lee Valerie A. Smith Jason K. Singer RFMC COMP/NE/OJT to SM/PSCO Macedonia to Kenya/PROG Nigeria to Bangladesh/OFM Aisha Talib

10 FrontLines October 2009 Page 11 IN-HOUSE NEWS

Food Security Begins at Home: on the Front Lines at Martha’s Table By Kerry Byrnes

For the past year and a half, dozens of USAID staff members AFP Ismoyo, Bay Photo by have focused much of their work- Indonesians search the rubble of a collapsed shop for victims ing hours on developing a U.S. of a 7.6-magnitude earthquake in Padang, West Sumatra, Oct. 1. USAID provided $300,000 in immediate aid following the government strategy for a global Sept. 30 quake and set aside an additional $3 million pending an food security initiative. Yet, after assessment of the island’s needs. The Agency also deployed a so much talk about global food Disaster Assistance Response Team to Sumatra to lead the U.S. security, it was a welcome break, government disaster response effort. on a recent Friday morning, with a wisp of fall in the air, for nine USAID employees to embark USAID Christine Janes, Photo by IN MEMORIAM on the shortest TDY (temporary Doug Ball, director of the Office of Regional Sustainable duty) of their lives—a 15-min- Development in the Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, William E. Garvey Jr., 87, Roland W. Hanson, 82, ute bus ride to the headquarters dices onions for soup in the Martha’s Table kitchen. died June 28 in La Plata, Md. died Aug. 12, in West of Martha’s Table in Northwest Garvey was a Foreign Service Springfield, Mass. He served in Washington, D.C. hundreds of volunteers mobilized members agreed that it felt Officer who joined USAID in the Foreign Service for over 40 This unofficial TDY proved a each day to carry out key func- great to have made a direct, the early 1970s. As an agricul- years, 26 of which were with brief respite from the daily grind tions, including donating food, tangible contribution to helping tural economist, he served in USAID, and served as auditor of emails, interagency meet- cooking and packing meals, D.C.’s hungry. Niger, Zaire (now the general. His duties with the ings, and fiscal year-end funding working in the day care center, Shortly after 1:00 p.m., Democratic Republic of the Agency took him to Taiwan, obligations for the staff from tutoring older children, or selling Dominick told the team to fin- Congo), and Haiti. Before his India, Vietnam, Greece, the Agency’s Office of Regional donated used clothing in the store. ish their tasks, as a new shift of retirement in 1978, he received Ethiopia, Thailand, and Panama. Sustainable Development in the Martha’s Table manager volunteers would be coming in a superior honor award from the Bureau for Latin America and Dominick Musso provided us later to distribute the food to the State Department for his Jane Kairo, 55, died Aug. the Caribbean. with an overview of the orga- community. accomplishments overseas. 10 in Nairobi, Kenya. For more Martha’s Table is a self-help nization’s history, mission, and Unlike many places overseas After retiring from the Agency, than 20 years, Kairo worked as operation geared to meeting the services provided to the com- we focus on at USAID, our D.C. Garvey worked for the a legal assistant with USAID’s needs of the community’s poor- munity, and, most importantly, community does not suffer from Academy for Educational Nairobi regional legal team. est—whether the need is feeding detailed the immediate tasks a shortage of food, but it still suf- Development and the She was in the country during the hungry, providing day care that the USAID team would fers from deep-seated poverty and Cooperative League of the the 1998 embassy bombings for children so mothers can find need to complete to ensure that inequities. Martha’s Table helps to USA, now known as the there and in Dar es Salaam, a job, or helping low-income hundreds of meals would be break this cycle and provides an National Cooperative Business Tanzania. Kairo, who worked residents obtain a dress suit to ready to deliver that evening to excellent opportunity to volunteer Association. Garvey also served for 18 lawyers during her help make the best first impres- the community’s poor. in the areas described above. as a Peace Corps volunteer in career at the regional office, sion at a job interview. After working shoulder to For more information, Morocco and became the direc- received several USAID While Martha’s Table has shoulder with community resi- contact Dominick Musso at tor of the Peace Corps office awards, including the Agency’s a small core staff of full-time dents who had come in during 202-328-6608, or see the there from 1966 to 1970. 2007 ethics award. . employees, the key to the opera- our shift to help out, dozens of Martha’s Table Web site at: tion’s success is the network of bins of food were filled. Team www.marthastable.org. .

INSIGHTS from page 3 Sighted at USAID in a multi-year effort to rebuild incredible. The city of Kabul Q: USAID is a civilian agency For the first time, the Federal the Agency’s workforce with is vibrant and full of traffic, working in a war zone. How Executive Secretariat Council the Development Leadership despite its security problems. can the Agency operate? Can held its meeting at USAID Initiative. The primary goal Children are enrolled in school, officers get out of the fortified headquarters Sept. 1. Chair of our rebuilding efforts is to clinics are helping those need- compounds? Mary Jeffers (l) of the Federal Aviation Administration and restore our technical and intel- ing medical services, businesses Vice Chair Ann Brewer of lectual expertise as an agency are growing as new office FULGHAM: In Kabul, the National Institutes of and to enhance our ability to buildings are constructed, and people are getting out more Health joined 30 other Council effectively deliver U.S. foreign markets are alive with shoppers, and more to meet their coun- members from Cabinet and other federal offices and assistance. traders, and entrepreneurs seek- terparts and are engaging at agencies. USAID’s Executive ing opportunities. the highest levels. They are Secretariat staff presented Q: Since you served as mis- Increased security is needed careful about security as it an overview of USAID and sion director in 2005-2006 in in the south and the east in remains a challenge. We are the Agency Correspondence Tracking System, which involves Afghanistan, what has changed order for additional reconstruc- working diligently with our all correspondence—including and what have we accom- tion to occur. We need to show military and State colleagues letters, memoranda, basic plished? the Afghan people that the to alleviate potential bottle- check lists, and talking points— from and to the administrator, United States and NATO are necks for future civilian deputy administrator, and FULGHAM: The reconstruc- robust partners and are dedi- deployments to the capital counselor, both within and tion efforts in Afghanistan are cated to the mission. and the provinces. . outside the Agency. Photo by Patricia Adams, USAID Adams, Patricia Photo by

www.usaid.gov 11 Page 12 IN-HOUSE NEWS

FLU PREVENTION USAID Conference Gets Agency Gears Up Words of Encouragement for Unpredictable from Congress

Flu Season ARLINGTON, Virginia— Connolly said that foreign Agency officials are gearing In the event of an emergency, WASH HANDS "I’m a passionate advocate for assistance reform is taking time up for what may be a harsh flu task force members will be FREQUENTLY. [US]AID," said Rep. Gerry because Congress wants to season this year because of the alerted by the U.S. Centers for COUGH OR SNEEZE Connolly (D-Va.). "We know ensure that USAID’s flexibility H1N1 virus. Disease Control and Prevention INTO ELBOW. the investment we make in a is preserved. The virus appeared in March (CDC) and then take appropri- development assistance program USAID Counselor Jim and April in Mexico and the ate measures, depending on the AVOID CONTACT WITH can have huge rewards." Michel applauded the group THOSE WHO HAVE FLU. United States, then spread around severity of the outbreak. Staff in The congressman was speak- for their progress in improving the globe, causing mild flu for overseas offices will follow the STAY HOME IF SICK. ing at USAID’s Worldwide adult literacy, promoting gender more than a quarter million peo- lead of the chief of mission at Education and Training equality, and increasing access ple and killing nearly 3,000. the State Department. "The most Workshop in Crystal City to primary education. Health and safety officials say important thing we can do is pro- Unlike the typical flu, how- Aug. 17-21. The event allowed "Education is an essential to get ready for another round of vide information," said Garcia. ever, most of H1N1’s victims attendees from around the world component of any development H1N1 during the traditional flu In the meantime, Agency offi- have been older children and to discuss topics related to plan," said Michel, who also season this fall and winter, but cials are encouraging prevention. young adults—nearly all in good development and international served with the Organization can’t yet predict just how much Wash hands frequently and make health. Pregnancy also appears basic education and training. for Economic Cooperation and of an impact the highly mutable use of the hand sanitizer stations to put women at increased risk About 375 participants Development. virus will have on workers here that have been installed through- to become seriously ill with the included Agency education offi- Ann Vaughn, a legislative in Washington and in offices out the Agency’s offices and virus. Typically, influenza is most cers and program staff from 36 assistant to Rep. Nita Lowey worldwide. elevator lobbies. Cough or sneeze dangerous to the very old and the countries as well as representa- (D-N.Y.), explained the pro- "We don’t know," said Dennis into your elbow to keep germs very young. tives from implementing part- cess of writing bills to fund Carroll, who is USAID’s special from spreading. Avoid close Also atypical is that this virus ners and donor agencies. international development and advisor on pandemic influenza. contact with people who appear makes its home deep in the lungs, Connolly said that he is how development workers can "The current virus as we’re see- to have the flu. And, stay home if said Carroll, which can mean working with Congress to cooperate with Congress. She ing it is a relatively mild virus." you come down with the flu until severe bronchial infection. "It has reform foreign assistance and to stressed that there is strong However, he added: "It has a you are no longer contagious. the potential to nest and repli- make USAID more competitive, political support in Congress body of features both genetic and USAID is providing individual cate," he said. cutting edge, and powerful. for education development pro- epidemiological that indicate it hand sanitizer and boxes of tissue H1N1 also mutates rapidly, "Don’t give up, help is on the grams abroad. is extremely unusual. It is from a for Washington-based workers, Carroll added, making it difficult way. Your mission is important," "You have a lot of good class of viruses that is completely said Peter Bedard, USAID’s man- for scientists to stay a step ahead he said. "You have some advo- friends on the Hill, and talking unpredictable." ager for safety and occupational of creating a vaccine to treat flu cates and partners in the U.S. to us and not being afraid to Health officials fear the virus health. And safety officials have sufferers. Congress." answer our questions is impor- will follow the path of the infa- also encouraged Agency leader- Some predictions suggest When asked by a USAID tant," she said. mous 1918 flu, which was mild ship to draw up contingency plans, half the U.S. population will get employee about the possibility The conference, hosted its first year and went on to kill such as teleworking, in case large H1N1 this flu season. A vac- of consolidating USAID and by the Agency’s Bureau for 50 million worldwide during a numbers of workers become sick. cine is expected to be ready by the State Department, Connolly Economic Growth, Agriculture second pass the next year. "We’re not just focusing on October, health officials say, said that he wants to keep them and Trade, presented sessions The words to live by for the the workplace," said Bedard, who and will be distributed to preg- separate. on basic and higher education, fall flu season, which tradition- added that parents with school- nant women, emergency medi- "My experience tells me they youth and workforce develop- ally begins around October and age children should also prepare cal workers, and other priority should be different," he said. ment, and the congressional November, are "be prepared." for school closings and alternate groups first.. "State has a different mission." budget process.—L.A. . "The best thing to do is to pre- childcare plans. He also suggested pare for the worst case scenario," logging on to neighborhood Web said Peter Garcia, who is the sites to keep abreast of the com- Forum Explores Civil-Military Relations Agency’s emergency manager. munity buzz on H1N1 outbreaks. USAID has been planning H1N1, which also is referred Military and civil society The event featured Reuben battle," Brigety said. for a pandemic since 2006 when to as swine flu, causes typical flu experts met to discuss the Brigety, director of the Sus- Brigety called for an the threat was avian flu. More symptoms like fever, cough, sore importance of cooperation tainable Security Program at the overarching plan to define recently, it has mobilized the throat, runny nose, aches, chills, at a recent Administrator’s Center for American Progress; and explain foreign assistance Pandemic Influenza Task Force, and fatigue. The CDC says a Forum titled "Smart-Power Linda Poteat, director for goals, and said that USAID which includes about 10 repre- significant number of people said and Development: Civilian- disaster response at InterAction; needs more flexibility and sentatives from various bureaus they also suffered through diar- Military Cooperation." and Col. Greg Hermsmeyer money. and offices at the Agency. rhea and vomiting. "Successful global from the Office of the Secretary "Development will never Looking for H1N1 information online? leadership requires all three of Defense. be as large as the military, ‘Ds’: defense, development, Brigety emphasized the need but we can increase USAID’s Pandemic flu and diplomacy," then- to send development experts presence and have more www.flu.gov USAID Counselor Lisa with military brigades in finances and flexibility. This Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chiles said at the July event overseas missions. He said that requires congressional action," www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu held in the Ronald Reagan one military strategist in Iraq Brigety said. "Until people Building in Washington. told him: "‘I really wish I had a believe that money spent on U .S . Department of Health and Human Services "USAID has made Peace Corps on steroids.’" development is as important www.hhs.gov significant strides in civil- "He needed most as money spent on finding World Health Organization military cooperation over someone who understood the www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en the years." humanitarian impact of the see FORUM on page 14 

12 FrontLines October 2009 Page 13 GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS

USAID Increases Work with Nepalese Hospital Gets a New Wing for Eye Care Pakistani NGOs and Research As the USAID mission in economic growth, education, process. USAID representatives By Kerrin Goodspeed Pakistan triples its budget, it is health, governance, earthquake from the Office of Acquisition looking to partner with more reconstruction, and humanitarian and Assistance, the Office of The people of Nepal can remote districts. Tilganga has Pakistani organizations. On Aug. assistance to Pakistan. Recently, Development Partners, and the now seek improved eye care made cataract surgery afford- 13, the Agency hosted a first- in response to increased inter- Diaspora Network Alliance in the Tilganga Eye Center’s able and accessible to the aver- ever capacity building workshop est in the country, the Agency acknowledged their concerns and new wing. Completed in April, age Nepali by producing high- for Pakistani American NGOs increased its assistance to offered solutions. the six-story, 130,000-square- quality, low-cost intraocular at USAID headquarters in Pakistan from $407 million dur- "If you try hard to work with foot building in Kathmandu lenses. Washington. ing the 2008 fiscal year to $1.1 us, we will try hard to work with houses the Tilganga Institute of In partnership with the center, About two dozen participants billion for fiscal year 2009. you," Bever said. Ophthalmology. the Himalayan Cataract Project learned about new opportunities USAID is looking to expand Shamila Chaudhary, a senior The expansion allows the sends U.S. professionals to train to partner with USAID and how its programs on health, educa- advisor to Richard Holbrooke, hospital to treat 1,500 patients at Tilganga’s staff, provides equip- to apply for grants and contracts. tion, agriculture, rule of law and, the State Department’s special a time and increases the center’s ment for complicated surgeries, "We’re looking for examples especially, job creation. representative for Afghanistan research and training capacity. and supports the development of from the Pakistan diaspora com- "We are still looking for ideas and Pakistan, also urged the USAID provided $3.2 mil- sub-specialty eye care. munity who want to cost-share and we don’t have all the good group to communicate more lion to expand the center and Days before the center’s new with us and to share their brains ideas. You do," Bever told the with USAID and the State purchase hospital furnish- wing opened, the co-founder of and talent," said Jim Bever, direc- group. Department about their projects ings and equipment through the Himalayan Cataract Project, tor of USAID’s Afghanistan/ Workshop participants briefed and funding needs. its American Schools and Dr. Geoffrey Tabin, was recog- Pakistan Task Force. "President USAID employees about their Christopher Keppler, the task Hospitals Abroad competitive nized by the Dalai Lama as an [Barack] Obama wants us to fund development efforts in Pakistan force’s lead public information grants program. "Unsung Hero of Compassion" more Pakistani entities, going and their ideas for new projects. and outreach officer, said that he The eye center will play an for his efforts to bring high- beyond those around the beltway." They also expressed their hopes to convene the group three important role in the research, quality, affordable eye care to Since reopening in Pakistan frustrations with applying for times a year. diagnosis, and treatment of eye the developing world. in 2002, USAID has provided USAID grants and contracts, and "This is the beginning of a diseases, as well as the training Other donor nations and more than $3.4 billion to support with the English-only application dialogue," Keppler said.—L.A. . of eye care professionals. It has individuals—including the 10 community centers through- Fred Hollows Foundation, and out the country to provide Australian Aid—also contrib- USAID SCHOLARSHIPS HELP primary eye care to Nepalis in uted to the expansion. . STUDENTS BECOME LEADERS By Jan Cartwright

Twenty-three scholars from fields with full master’s degree to come to the U.S. and hone my Asia and the Middle East are one scholarships, mentoring, and skills—both knowledge and lead- step closer to their dreams thanks professional development such ership—and I wish to use these to a USAID program called as internships. The program skills in my work," she said. Training Future Leaders (TFL). offers academic and practical Another student nearing The program is designed learning, including life and work graduation is Amit Shrestha, a to foster the next generation in the United States. business graduate student from of leaders in USAID prior- The program began last fall, Nepal. Shrestha is preparing to ity countries in Asia and the and the first graduate of the graduate this fall with a master’s Middle East. The students come program, Bhupinder Aulakh, in business administration from from Bangladesh, Cambodia, received her diploma in June. Colorado State University. Heintz Job Photo by East Timor, India, Jordan, "It was a great experience for "I always wanted to get an The Tilganga Eye Center in Kathmandu Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Nepal, me, both in terms of learning and MBA degree from a U.S. uni- the Philippines, Tajikistan, the social skills and network that versity, and I happened to come Turkmenistan, and Yemen. you build up," said Aulakh, who is across the TFL program, which I Youness Tihm, a student from helpful, and welcoming to TFL provides students cur- from India and works in the north- thought would be perfect for me, Morocco, is enrolled in a mas- me. On the first day, my field rently in development-related ern Indian state of Uttarakhand. so I applied," said Shrestha. ter’s program in sustainable inter- supervisor presented everyone She received a master’s As part of his program, stu- national development at Brandeis to me, and the executive head, degree in public health from dents are required to create a University. As part of his degree Roland Rich, was very cheerful Harvard University. sustainable enterprise. Working program, students are required to and welcoming as well," said Following graduation, Aulakh with a team from around the complete a professional intern- Tihm. returned to Uttarakhand to globe, Shrestha has helped set up ship, and Tihm landed a one-year Tihm is now putting together a serve in the state government. a coffee and tea business for poor practicum at the United Nations June 2010 conference at Moham- She helps manage public health communities, especially women, Democracy Fund (UNDEF) in med V University in Morocco on programs and formulate policy in Ethiopia. Over the summer, New York City. sustainable development. affecting maternal and child he traveled to Ethiopia for five At UNDEF, Tihm has been "I believe anyone can be a health in the remote and moun- weeks to work on the project. given projects of increasing leader, but opportunities are tainous Himalayan state. One day, he hopes to start his responsibility, and UNDEF has needed to help bring out the "In any capacity I can, my goal own business, using the lessons relied extensively upon Tihm’s potential and hone the skills," is to see improvement in maternal he learned through his MBA Arabic language skills. said Tihm. "The USAID program mortality rates," said Aulakh. program, and the leadership "The people I work with helped me further develop these Youness Tihm "USAID gave me this opportunity skills he gained through TFL. have been [nothing] but great, skills." .

www.usaid.gov 13 Page 14 GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS

BORLAUG from page 1 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES "USAID mourns the passing GET FINANCING FOR of one of the giants of interna- tional development," USAID CLEAN ENERGY Acting Administrator Alonzo By Collin Green and Anay Shah Fulgham said in a statement. Increasing energy is essential PFAN financial advisory ser- It was former USAID to developing countries. It moves vices leveraged South African Administrator William Gaud water and communications. ZAR 10.000.000 (about $1 who, in 1968, termed Borlaug’s It brings schools into the 21st million) of investment from breakthrough work the "Green century and allows merchants Sephaku Holdings Ltd. Sephaku Revolution." to compete in broader markets is a diversified Black Economic "USAID is proud to have through information technology. Empowerment Company active been one of the first foreign It lights, heats, and refrigerates in the mining, commodities, assistance agencies that pro- health clinics around the world. and energy sectors in Southern vided financial support…to But how energy is produced Africa. advance the important work and used can potentially harm the One upcoming project: reha- of Dr. Borlaug and his col- environment and contribute to bilitation and expansion of a 9.3 leagues," Fulgham said. global climate change. megawatt geothermal facility in "Few individuals have As developing countries Georgia that will provide heating played such an important role grow, they are faced with ever- and hot water. In addition, over a for the benefit of so many mil- increasing demands for adequate dozen new projects are currently lions of people in the develop- energy services. However, many undergoing initial review and ing world," he added. "Norman countries have trouble attracting analysis, including a small hydro Borlaug was truly a citizen of private financing and face a range facility in China, biofuel facilities the world, and the world has of other barriers to using clean in Mozambique and Zambia, and Photo by Ben Barber, USAID Ben Barber, Photo by been his beneficiary." MEASURING WHEAT: At the wheat and corn research institute energy options as a way to meet waste-to-energy projects in Sri Despite his numerous near Mexico City where Norman Borlaug created high-yielding these needs in a climate friendly Lanka and South Africa. achievements, Borlaug did not miracle wheat in the 1960s, workers still cultivate new varieties of way. In March, PFAN co-hosted live to see the goal he worked wheat to improve hardiness, yield, drought resistance, and other The Private Financing the Asia Forum for Clean Energy traits that could mean more food for millions around the world. towards in the last two decades Advisory Network (PFAN) con- Financing in Singapore, draw- of his life—a Green Revolution nects small- and mid-size clean ing more than 120 industry for Africa based on higher Only then did Indian agriculture A spokeswoman for Texas energy developers with interna- experts and investors from the yielding potato and other tuber officials decide to try the new A&M University, where tional financiers and financial Association of Southeast Asian crops that would be resistant seed, but they refused to build Borlaug had served on the fac- consultants. As a multilateral Nations region. Projects involv- to diseases. He also spoke of the necessary fertilizer factories. ulty since 1984, said he died initiative, PFAN helps developers ing biogas, biocompost, clean "I walked into the minister’s from cancer.. learn to speak the same language diesel, and desalination are now office and told him that if he as their potential financiers. receiving funding and consultant did not build those factories I "Norman Borlaug HIV from page 1 In 2009, USAID joined PFAN services. would summon the Delhi press to expand the initiative from a In June, PFAN sponsored was truly a citizen corps and tell them he was inoculated with the vaccine pilot to a global network and Clean Energy Investor Forums killing the Green Revolution," and half with a placebo. to help the Agency’s missions in Indonesia and the Philippines of the world, and Borlaug recalled with a face Seventy-four people in the interested in clean energy. When which each attracted more than the world has been reflecting glee as well as steely placebo group became infected necessary, PFAN also draws 100 industry experts and inves- determination to stand up to during the study compared on USAID’s financing mecha- tors. Entrepreneurs presented his beneficiary." the senior official. with only 51 of those who nism, the Development Credit renewable energy business proj- "Next day the newspapers received the vaccine. The Authority, to unleash new invest- ects in biomass, biogas, wind were slipped under my hotel surgeon general of the U.S. ment in clean energy activities. energy, waste-to-energy, landfill the need to build roads into the door and they all said that the Army sponsored the study and During PFAN’s pilot phase in methane capture, and small rural areas of Africa so that minister decided to build those released the final results in late 2006, 10 projects were selected hydropower. fertilizer could be delivered fertilizer factories. September. to receive support, including a PFAN is currently supported cheaply. He noted that the "You have to hold their feet USAID has funded the non- small hydroelectric power station by the International Energy amount of fertilizer used on to the fire," he said. profit IAVI since 2001. The in Mexico and a biodiesel refin- Agency’s Climate Technology crops was lowest in Africa and Borlaug constantly urged Agency’s HIV/AIDS program ery in Brazil. The two projects Initiative, the International Center so were the yields per acre. politicians to increase foreign began in 1986 and has spent raised a total of $35 million in for Environmental Technology In the early 1960s, however, assistance to poor countries, more than $7 billion to fight private sector investments. In Transfer in Japan, and various Borlaug’s new wheat increased especially aid that helped poor the disease which affects more South Africa, PFAN also sup- private sector companies includ- Mexico’s yields by 600 percent. farmers increase production. than 33 million people world- ported a project that converts ing the LaGuardia Foundation, A short time later, in the At the Mexico agriculture wide. . biomass materials to clean fuel FE Clean Energy, E+Co, ReEx mid-1960s, famine stalked center, Borlaug insisted on pellets for furnaces. Capital Asia, and Pan Pet Ltd. . the Indian subcontinent and training agriculture researchers Borlaug tried to persuade India from developing countries so FORUM from page 12 to try his wheat. But Indian that a legacy of research would agriculture officials said India’s continue. weapons of mass destruction, "From the perspective of The July Administrator’s traditional farming methods In 2004, Borlaug delivered we will not move forward." civil society, the lack of coher- Forum was the third in a series were best suited for the coun- the first George C. Marshall Hermsmeyer praised the ence of U.S. government at the of Agency-sponsored discus- try, Borlaug said during an Lecture established by USAID recent plan for the Quadrennial field level is apparent," Poteat sions about issues related to interview in the early 1990s. to honor development pioneers. Diplomacy and Development added. "I think it would be USAID’s mission and inter- So he went to Pakistan and At that time he noted that 56 Review and said that the next fair to ask that Department of national development. It was persuaded the military ruler percent of countries with the logical step would be articulat- Defense, USAID, and State are co-hosted with the Agency’s Ayub Khan to order a shipload highest levels of hunger were ing the national strategy for held to the same accountability Knowledge Services Center.— of seed for widespread planting. experiencing civil conflict. global development. and flexibility." L.A. .

14 FrontLines October 2009 Page 15 CONTINUED. . .

TANZANIA from page 4 VIETNAM from page 6 improving maternal health care freight and set up private com- than 350 people in Can Tho influenza, in August, USAID animal health workers, public and strengthening family plan- panies to serve the growing hor- and Hung Yen provinces. supported Vietnam’s first communication campaigns, ning methods and marketing for ticulture export industry, which Using unscripted scenarios, hands-on training of health and journalist training in contraceptives. involves 10,000 farmers. the communities identified experts to prevent and control H1N1 prevention and control USAID is working closely "With flights full of fresh households with suspected out- future outbreaks of diseases. measures. with the Tanzanian govern- fruit and flowers now flying breaks, reported their findings, Vietnam’s Ministry of Health The newest activity just get- ment and civil society to ensure twice weekly from Arusha, and coordinated appropriate launched this two-year field ting underway is a nationwide women stay healthy, are edu- there’s huge potential for this responses. training program with the assessment and plan for civil cated about family planning, and fast growing agricultural indus- "The simulation meets the World Health Organization and society’s role in a pandemic. . have access to their preferred try in Tanzania," Cunnane said. expectations from province, AI the U.S. Centers for Disease methods of contraception. With the Agency’s Tanzania Control and Prevention. The steering committee, the project JOBS from page 5 "In the last decade, it’s been budget increased from $215 and international fellows," trained specialists, based in dismal in terms of contraceptive million to $260 million in 2009, Pham Ngoc Dinh, a lead- regional disease surveillance Jordan, and Nairobi, Kenya, co- prevalence, but with increased Cunnane said he expects the ing expert from the National institutes, will gain skills in sponsored by USAID and the resources, USAID will be able next year to bring an expansion Institute of Hygiene and disease surveillance, response, World Bank and organized by to be a key player in family of the health and agriculture Epidemiology, told Can Tho management, and public IYF. The next conference in the planning and maternal health," programs, along with efforts state television. "You enhance communication. series will be held in Bogota, Cunnane said. "It’s a gender to improve food security and the community’s capability to Other USAID-funded Colombia, later this year. issue, and there has not been address the consequences of the prevent the influenza epidemic activities include cross border For more information, enough focus on maternal health economic crisis. in both commune and hamlet pandemic exercises with China contact Margaret Harritt of the in the country. We’ve got a long "One of the things I love level." and Laos, support to develop or Bureau for Economic Growth, way to go." about Africa is that, despite To further help with improve provincial pandemic Agriculture, and Trade at mhar- Although Tanzania has the tragedy of poverty and lost early detection of pandemic preparedness plans, training of [email protected]. . remarkable economic growth, opportunity, you see a lot of it’s often not felt in rural areas this tremendous vibrancy and and one-third of the popula- there’s a special joy," Cunnane FrontLines tion is still below the poverty said. "Once you’ve worked in line. To combat this, USAID is Africa, it’s hard to work any- is published by the U.S. Agency for International Development, improving agribusiness in rural where else." through the Bureau for Legislative and Public Affairs. areas, which helps small farmers Cunnane said that U.S.- generate income. Tanzanian relations were "I realize that there are among us those who are weary of sustaining this continual effort to help In December, the first air strengthened by former other nations. But I would ask them to look at a map and recognize that many of those whom we help live on the 'front lines' of the long twilight struggle for freedom—that others are new nations posed freight solely dedicated to hor- President George W. Bush’s between order and chaos—and the rest are older nations now undergoing a turbulent transition of new ticulture exports took off from visit to Tanzania, a Millennium expectations. Our efforts to help them help themselves, to demonstrate and to strengthen the vitality of the northern city of Arusha to Challenge Corporation compact, free institutions, are small in cost compared to our military outlays for the defense of freedom." Europe. Previously, flowers and and Tanzanian President Jakaya —John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Aid, March 13, 1962 vegetables were flown out of Kikwete becoming the first Kenya, which was expensive and African head of state to visit Joseph A. Fredericks unstable. USAID helped farmers President Barack Obama in the Director of Public Information consolidate their crops for the air White House. . FRONTLINES STAFF Ben Barber, Editorial Director WEST BANK from page 7 Claire McIntyre, Production Editor Gene Lin, USAID’s senior The new road allows farmers Angela Rucker, Writer infrastructure engineer, to transport produce and live- Analeed Marcus, Writer said: "USAID has provided stock to markets in neighboring John Waggoner, Writer Palestinians with over $2.2 bil- villages and sell homemade Patricia Adams, Photo Librarian lion of assistance since 1994, of products such as jam, dried Mary Jane Cotter, Human Resources Coordinator and Employee Liaison which approximately 30 percent fruits, hummus, and olives. Laura Ashbaugh, Oliver Cashin, Interns has been used for infrastructure. Companies will be able to The INP continues infrastructure make faster pickups and deliver- CORRESPONDENTS: assistance to the Palestinian peo- ies, spurring economic activity AFGE – Willy Hardin; AFR – Susan Quinn, Ranta Russell; AFSA – Francisco Zamora; ple to improve their quality of life and creating new jobs. The roads ASIA – Jan Cartwright; CFBCI – Heather MacLean; DCHA – Rebecca Gustafson, Sven Lindholm, Amanda Eichelkraut; and support economic growth." will also ease visits to family EGAT – Jane Stanley, Ashley Allen; E&E – Michael Hathaway; EOP – Gloria Blackwell; GC – Harmony Wade; He added that "the first year and friends, as well as improve ODP – Lorin Kavanaugh-Ulku; GH – Sandra Jordan, Chris Thomas, Jessica DiRocco; of the INP has created over access for ambulances and other IG – Debra Scott; LAC – Maxine Hillary; LPA – Barbara Bennett; 140,000 person-days of employ- emergency services. M – Lauren Gabler; ME – Hope Bryer, Jan Cartwright; ment for Palestinians as the The area will also benefit SEC – Dwayne Moore, Lorraine Meehan U.S. firms are subcontracting all from another endeavor under the design and construction work to INP, the Bureen Water System local companies." Project, which will supply the Residents of Madama and village with piped water for the Submit notices, story ideas, feedback to FrontLines articles and requests Bureen also celebrated when first time. to be added to the mailing list to [email protected]. their section of the 9-kilometer Before the project, residents project was completed, con- had to hand carry water from a The icon at the end of a story indicates that associated videos are available through the necting their villages with the nearby spring, collect rainwater, online version of FrontLines. Go to www.usaid.gov/frontlines to view these videos. regional highway. This portion or buy water from tanker trucks of road was last rehabilitated 35 at great expense. The $6.1 mil- years ago, according to Bureen lion project was completed in village elders. mid-September. .

www.usaid.gov 15 Page 16 SPOTLIGHT Photo by Tom Casadevall, VDAP Casadevall, Tom Photo by Local children watch as a Volcano Disaster Assistance Program volcanologist and scientists from the Geological Survey of Tanzania discuss Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano. Volcano Eruption Response Helps Reduce Disaster Risk Photo by John Pallister, VDAP Pallister, John Photo by By Meredith Metzler The Saudi Geological Survey monitors volcanic vents (cinder cones) like these at Harra Lunayyir volcano, Saudi Arabia. Every year an average of 50 requiring swift evacuations. feasible way to reduce the hazard volcanoes erupt worldwide, put- The team also helped estab- around Ol Doinyo Lengai in the ting lives, economic productivity, lish a permanent monitoring and short term." and homes in danger. USAID warning system that will allow The VDAP team recom- is responding to that risk with the SGS to assess the volcano mended teaching local villagers the world’s only volcano crisis in real time, 24 hours a day. In techniques to protect themselves response team. the event of seismic unrest or an and their animals from an erup- In the wake of the 1985 erup- eruption, the SGS will imme- tion, and creating an emergency tion of the Nevado del Ruiz diately issue warnings to emer- evacuation plan. volcano in Colombia that killed gency managers and the public. "As growing human popula- over 23,000 people, USAID Every volcano is different, so tions push ever closer to volcanic established the Volcano Disaster VDAP teams have to adapt their zones, VDAP’s work to protect Assistance Program (VDAP) in evaluations to suit the situation. lives and livelihoods will become partnership with the U.S. Geo- In Tanzania, Ol Doinyo Len- more important," said Mayberry. logical Survey (USGS). gai volcano reawakened after "The field teams’ assessments VDAP scientific teams travel 40 years of low-level activity, and capacity-building work with to volcanic areas throughout the erupting explosively several local counterparts will continue world, using mobile volcano- times between September 2007 to help prevent future eruptions monitoring equipment to assess and April 2008. The explosions from becoming disasters." hazards and generate eruption and accompanying ash forced Since 1986, USAID’s Office USAID Gari Mayberry, Photo by Scientists from the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program and the forecasts that allow local author- evacuations and contaminated of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assis- Geological Survey of Tanzania assess the ashfall from a recent ities to evacuate high-risk areas nearby water supplies and tance has provided $16.7 million eruption of Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania. before a disaster occurs. grasslands that nomadic herders to VDAP. . In June 2009, the Saudi depend on to feed their cattle. Geological Survey (SGS) asked Two VDAP scientists and VDAP to help monitor the Harra Gari Mayberry, the geoscience Lunayyir volcanic area in north- advisor for USAID and USGS, western Saudi Arabia. Since early traveled to Ol Doinyo Lengai 2007, the region has experienced at the request of the Tanza- increasing seismic activity, includ- nian government in January ing swarms of micro-earthquakes, to evaluate the risks and make prompting fears of a possible recommendations. The project major eruption and the evacuation was particularly challenging as of approximately 40,000 people. the volcano lacked monitoring A two-person VDAP team equipment. provided satellite radar data, and "We usually do not deal with helped with eruption forecasting volcanoes that have no monitor- and seismic risk assessment. The ing equipment, so this forced us

scientists concluded that major to look at the situation in a new VDAP Pallister, John Photo by eruptions or earthquakes are way," said Mayberry. "We deter- A Volcano Disaster Assistance Program seismologist consults with the Saudi geological survey director unlikely to happen soon, but that mined that disaster risk reduc- of the Earthquake and Volcanoes Center at a ground fissure resulting from the May 19 earthquake in the risks could increase suddenly, tion education may be the most Harra Lunayyir.

16 FrontLines October 2009