DOCSLIB.ORG

Leisure Policy in New Zealand and Malaysia: a Comparative Study of Developments in Sport and Physical Recreation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leisure Policy in New Zealand and Malaysia: a Comparative Study of Developments in Sport and Physical Recreation LEISURE POLICY IN NEW ZEALAND AND MALAYSIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENTS IN SPORT AND PHYSICAL RECREATION . A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy At Lincoln University By Mohd Salleh Aman Lincoln University New Zealand 2005 11 Abstract of thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Leisure policy in New Zealand and Malaysia: A comparative study of developments in sport and physical recreation by Mohd Salleh Aman This comparative study assessed the usefulness of the convergence thesis as a tool for understanding developments in leisure, recreation and sport in New Zealand and Malaysia. The study examined the interrelationship between 'global' and 'local' or 'contingent' factors and their impact upon leisure behaviour, leisure policy and leisure structures. 'Local' factors included institutional arrangements (notably political ones) and national cultural practices. A social history of New Zealand and Malaysia with particular reference to leisure, sport and recreation and national cultural practices was provided as a context for discussion of these issues. The study utilised a mixture of archival and library research and semi-structured interview, and was guided by an explicit comparative framework, concentrating on the development of leisure, sport and recreation in the two countries between 1970 and 2002. Interviews with 'key players' in both countries captured valuable data in the form of 'insiders' views' on leisure behaviour, policy and structure. These data were analysed with the relevance of the convergence thesis in mind. This study shows that contemporary leisure behaviour in New Zealand and Malaysia is shaped by the media and is highly commercialised, placing a high value on entertainment, and involves increasingly passive forms of participation. Informal sport and individualised recreational activities are replacing organised team-based sports in popularity. Leisure behaviour trends have led governments in both countries to encourage greater participation in sport and physical activity and to encourage private sector iii ventures into leisure-related products, services and infra-structures in the form of private­ public partnerships. In terms ofleisure policy, developments in leisure, recreation and, noticeably, sport, in Malaysia and New Zealand have been shaped by the wider agendas of the governing political parties. This is particularly noticeable at central government level. Individual political leaders in both countries have been influential in setting leisure-related policy. They had the vision to see that sport in particular might serve wider, national interests and that investments in sport could help raise the profiles of their countries jn international markets and among trading organisations and the regulatory bodies that oversee trading practices. Malaysian and New Zealand governments seek to make leisure, sport and recreation policy supportive of other priorities. In Malaysia, the government legitimises its control over the policies which affect people's lives by appeals to Islamic principles and the need to put collective needs of nation building ahead of individual concerns for freedom. In terms of institutional, political, arrangements, this impacts at both central and local government levels in Malaysia. New Zealand, following a pluralist, Westminster, tradition of political representation, experiences regular changes in political management at central government level and a system of local government whereby local autonomy is jealously protected. Malaysia has resisted 'the global', by virtue of the nation-building policies of the Barisan Nasional, which has been in power since 1957. New Zealand's 'resistance' stems in part at least from the autonomy which local government enjoys. These experiences demonstrate that resistance to 'global' change can take varied forms at the 'local', contingent, level (Thorns, 1992). Differences in leisure structures reflect, once again, different agendas stemming from different political arrangements. The Malaysian government's approach is multi­ Ministry, and micro-managed. In New Zealand, a 'hands off' approach via a quasi­ autonomous non-government organisation CQuango'), became the favoured means of iv structuring central government leisure provision in the 1980s and 1990s. This was with a view to encouraging stability and consistency in leisure policy and provision in a pluralistic political system. Overall, and 'cautiously', this study provided support for the convergence thesis as a way to explain development in leisure, recreation and sport in New Zealand and Malaysia over the past 32 years. Although institutional arrangements and national cultural practices have provided some resistance to convergence processes, changing consumer sentiments may weaken such resistance in future. Key Words: Convergence, convergence thesIs, leisure policy, Malaysian leisure policy, New Zealand leisure policy, comparative analysis, contingency, globalisation, leisure consumption, resistance, Elite Sport, Sport-for-AlI, leisure behaviour, leisure structures, sport and recreation. v Acknowledgement In undertaking this research, I have been greatly assisted by many individuals and agencies whose contributions in one way or another have brought about the materialisation of this thesis. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my first supervisor Bob Gidlow for his professional guidance and constructive criticism. I am also grateful to my co-supervisor Professor Grant Cushman for his ideas and positive contributions. The close supervision and helpful comments from both of them have markedly improved the content of my thesis. I acknowledge my debt to my"Malaysian supervisor Associate Professor Dr. Mohamed Nor Che' Noh, who passed away before the completion of this thesis. The research would not have been possible without the financial assistance of University of Malaya for granting overseas study leave. I am also grateful to Lincoln University's postgraduate fund. I would like to acknowledge the generosity and kindness of National Sport Council and Ministry of Youth and Sport, Malaysia. I wish to thank these individuals: Tan Sri Abdullah Sanusi Ahmad, Rosli Hussein, Datuk A. Hamid, Khoo Kay Kim, M. Jegathesan, Wan Sabri, Sallehuddin, Naza, Rashidi, Munir, Faithal, Jun, Douglas Brougton, Geoff Ormandy, Harvey Perkins, Claire Simpson and Geraldine. I wish to offer special thanks to all the informants all over New Zealand and Malaysia who took time off their busy schedules to participate and made this study possible. They have provided rich and colourful meaning to the better understanding of the subjective leisure experience. It was a pleasure getting to know them and I am grateful for their friendship. Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to my family for their thoughtfulness and encouragement throughout my studies. To my mother, and my late father, thank you for everything. To my children, Adam, Anis, Ummi, Ali and Aman, I owe you love and support. To my wife Zaleha, whose assistance has been invaluable, and whose patience and understanding have sustained my efforts, I dedicate this thesis. Above all, I thank you God for giving me Your Blessings to complete my study. VI Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgement v Table of contents vi List pf figures xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Thesis objectives 3 1.2 The convergence thesis 4 1.2.1 The nature of convergence 4 1.2.2· Convergence thesis: the strengths and weaknesses 6 1.2.3 Convergence via globalisation 8 1.2.4 Globalisation in leisure and sport 11 1.3 Government involvement in leisure, sport and recreation 15 1.3.1 Government support of economic development 15 1.3.2 Institutional arrangements 16 1.4 Culture 16 1.4.1 National cultural practice 17 1.5 Global consciousness versus contingent experience 18 1.6 The concepts of leisure, sport and recreation 20 1.6.1 Leisure 20 1.6.2 Sport 21 1.6.3 Recreation 22 1.7 Organisation of the thesis 24 1.8 Summary 24 Chapter 2: Research framework and methodology 25 2.0. Introduction 25 2.1 Research time frame 25 2.2 Information sources regarding leisure, sport and recreation in New Zealand and Malaysia 26 2.3 Methods 27 2.3.1 Library and archival research 27 2.3.2 Interviewing 'key players' in the development ofleisure policy 28 2.4 Comparative framework 31 2.4.1 Rationale 31 2.4.2 Cross-national research 31 2.5 Research framework 33 2.6 Summary 34 Vll Chapter 3: Cultural histories of New Zealand and Malaysia 35 3.0 Introduction 35 3.1 New Zealand: cultural history 35 3.1.1 The place 35 3.1.2 History 37 3.1.3 The people 39 3.1.4 Government 40 3.1.5 Economy 42 3.2 The history of leisure, sport and recreation in New Zealand 44 3.3 Malaysia: cultural history 48 3.3.1 The place 48 3.3.2 History 49 3.3.3 The people 49 3.3.4 Government 54 3.3.5 Economy 56 3.4 The history of leisure, sport and recreation in Malaysia 57 3.5 A comparison of different aspects of cultures in New Zealand and Malaysia 60 3.5.1 The individual and the collective 60 3.5.2 Beliefs systems 63 3.5.3 Symbols and rituals 66 3.5.4 Heroes 67 3.6 Summary 70 Chapter 4: Leisure behaviour in New Zealand and Malaysia 72 4.0 Introduction 72 4.1 Contemporary leisure patterns 72 4.2 The economic contribution of leisure behaviour 78 4.3 The emphasis on sport and physical activity in leisure policy 80 4.4 Summary 83 Chapter 5: The evolution of central government involvement in leisure,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Sport and Physical Activity Policy for the Republic of Mauritius
    NATIONAL SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY POLICY FOR THE REPUBLIC OF MAURITIUS 2018-2028 A NEW VISION FOR COMMUNITY SPORT IN MAURITIUS HEALTHIER CITIZENS, HAPPIER COMMUNITIES AND A STRONGER NATION BANN SITWAYIN AN MEYER SANTE, BANN KOMINOTE PLI ERE, ENN NASION PLI FOR A NEW VISION FOR ELITE SPORT IN MAURITIUS INSPIRE MAURITIANS IN THE PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCE ON THE WORLD STAGE FER BANN MORISIEN DEVLOP ENN KILTIR KI VIZ NIVO EXSELANS LOR LASENN INTERNASIONAL Minister of Youth and Sports MESSAGE It is essential for every single Mauritian, and Mauritius as a Nation, to recognise the value of sport and physical activity in our daily lives, mental and physical wellbeing, productivity and future. We intend to use sport and physical activity through the delivery of this Policy as an opportunity to redefine our future and improve the lives of all our citizens. This Policy is both unique and timely: built upon a global review of best practices and deep local analysis we have created a ‘best in class’ policy against international benchmarks. It focuses on both physical activity and sport, describes tangible actions to address the health crisis our Nation is facing and outlines how we can create a more cohesive Mauritius through community sport. It also recognises our athletes’ essential role, our desire for success on the sporting stage and how these successes will collectively enhance our Nation’s international reputation. Sport and physical activity will also support our growing economy with new enterprises, jobs and a professional workforce. The twenty transformative actions that form the basis of the Policy provide a roadmap towards a healthier, wealthier, happier and enhanced Mauritius and define how our Nation will offer opportunities for everyone to participate, perform and benefit from sport and physical activity.
    [Show full text]
  • December 14,1988, Volume 25 Number 44 U.S
    The NCAA Official Publication of the National Collegiate Athletic Association December 14,1988, Volume 25 Number 44 U.S. Supreme Court backs NCAA in Tarkanian case The U.S. Supreme CoGt has mended that his school suspend in this case,” said Richard D. procedures set in place by the mem- and seizure under the Fourth ruled that the NCAA cannot violate him for two years for NCAA rules Schultz, Association executive di- bership provide ample due process.” Amendment, or the due-process a person’s constitutional rights be- violations. rector. “The court reaffirmed that NCAA counsel John J. Kitchin amendment.” cause it is a private organization The Supreme Court said the the membership of the NCAA has of Kansas City, Missouri, said the The Supreme Court laid to rest and not subject to due-process re- NCAA is not a state agent and the right to enact and enforce legis- decision also could prove helpful in the question of whether the NCAA quirements of the U.S. Constitution. therefore is not subject to due- lation that is binding upon each other Association activities. can be enjoined for some“perceived In a ruling announced December process requirements in its investi- member. “As far as being sued for claimed violations of U.S. Constitutional 12, the Supreme Court held that the gations of rules violations and sub- “This decision will, we hope, dis- violations of the Federal Constitu- rights,” the NCAA counsel said. NCAA did not violate University of sequent penalties imposed. courage lawsuits regarding alleged tion, this decision should be helpful However, he noted that some Nevada, Las Vegas, head men’s “We are pleased that the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • NTP TRIWULAN IV 2016.Pdf
    KATA PENGANTAR Undang – undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Otonomi Daerah memberikan keleluasaan kepada daerah untuk mengatur dan mengurus kebutuhannya sendiri berdasarkan aspirasi masyarakat tanpa ada intervensi dari pemerintah pusat. Keberadaan Otonomi Daerah membawa konsekwensi kepada daerah untuk mengelola potensi yang ada guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pembangunan yang telah dan akan dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat disegala bidang kehidupan. Kesejahteraan rakyat merupakan prioritas utama yang harus segera direalisasikan. Untuk mendukung terlaksananya pembangunan yang mencapai sasaran dibutuhkan data akurat sebagai evaluasi guna menentukan arah kebijaksanaan yang menjadi tujuan pembanguanan.. Salah satu indikator guna mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan Sektor Pertanian adalah tersedianya data tentang Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP). Oleh sebab itu Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) Kabupaten Lumajang bekerja sama dengan Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Lumajang menyusun dan menerbitkan buku Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) Kabupaten Lumajang 2016 Triwulan IV (Oktober s.d Desember 2016). Buku ini memberikan informasi mengenai tingkat kesejahteraan/keberhasilan masyarakat sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Lumajang, meliputi Petani Padi dan Palawija, Perikanan, Peternakan dan Perkebunan Rakyat Kami mengucapkan selamat atas terbitnya buku. Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) Kabupaten Lumajang 2016 Triwulan IV (Oktober s.d Desember 2016) saran dan kritik yang membangun sangat kami harapkan untuk kesempurnaan buku
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Commonwealth Games Statistics–Men's 5000M (3 Mi Before
    2014 Commonwealth Games Statistics –Men’s 5000m (3 mi before 1970) by K Ken Nakamura All time performance list at the Commonwealth Games Performance Performer Time Name Nat Pos Venue Year 1 1 12:56.41 Augustine Choge KEN 1 Melbourne 2006 2 2 12:58.19 Craig Mottram AUS 2 Melbourne 2006 3 3 13:05.30 Benjamin Limo KEN 3 Melbourne 2006 4 4 13:05.89 Joseph Ebuya KEN 4 Melbourne 2006 5 5 13:12.76 Fabian Joseph TAN 5 Melbourne 2006 6 6 13:13.51 Sammy Kipketer KEN 1 Manchester 2002 7 13:13.57 Benjamin Limo 2 Manchester 2002 8 7 13:14.3 Ben Jipcho KEN 1 Christchurch 1974 9 8 13.14.6 Brendan Foster GBR 2 Christchurch 1974 10 9 13:18.02 Willy Kiptoo Kirui KEN 3 Manchester 2002 11 10 13:19.43 John Mayock ENG 4 Manchester 2002 12 11 13:19.45 Sam Haughian ENG 5 Manchester 2002 13 12 13:22.57 Daniel Komen KEN 1 Kuala Lumpur 1998 14 13 13:22.85 Ian Stewart SCO 1 Edinburgh 1970 15 14 13:23.00 Rob Denmark ENG 1 Victoria 1994 16 15 13:23.04 Henry Rono KEN 1 Edmonton 1978 17 16 13:23.20 Phillimon Hanneck ZIM 2 Victoria 1994 18 17 13:23.34 Ian McCafferty SCO 2 Edinburgh 1970 19 18 13:23.52 Dave Black ENG 3 Christchurch 1974 20 19 13:23.54 John Nuttall ENG 3 Victoria 1994 21 20 13:23.96 Jon Brown ENG 4 Victoria 1994 22 21 13:24.03 Damian Chopa TAN 6 Melbourne 2006 23 22 13:24.07 Philip Mosima KEN 5 Victoria 1994 24 23 13:24.11 Steve Ovett ENG 1 Edinburgh 1986 25 24 13:24.86 Andrew Lloyd AUS 1 Auckland 1990 26 25 13:24.94 John Ngugi KEN 2 Auckland 1990 27 26 13:25.06 Moses Kipsiro UGA 7 Melbourne 2006 28 13:25.21 Craig Mottram 6 Manchester 2002 29 27 13:25.63
    [Show full text]
  • Sport, Nationalism and Globalization: Relevance, Impact, Consequences
    Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences 49 (2008), pp.43-53. Ⓒ Hitotsubashi University SPORT, NATIONALISM AND GLOBALIZATION: RELEVANCE, IMPACT, CONSEQUENCES ＊ ALAN BAIRNER Relevance International Sport At the most basiclevel of analysis, it is easy to see the extent to whichsport, arguably more than any other form of social activity in the modern world, facilitates flag waving and the playing of national anthems, both formally at moments such as medal ceremonies and informally through the activities of fans. Indeed there are many political nationalists who fear that by acting as such a visible medium for overt displays of national sentiment, sport can actually blunt the edge of serious political debate. No matter how one views the grotesque caricatures of national modes of behavior and dress that so often provide the colorful backdrop to major sporting events, one certainly cannot escape the fact that nationalism, in some form or another, and sport are closely linked. It is important to appreciate, however, that the precise nature of their relationship varies dramatically from one political setting to another and that, as a consequence, it is vital that we are alert to a range of different conceptual issues. For example, like the United Nations, sportʼs global governing bodies, such as the International OlympicCommittee or the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), consist almost exclusively of representatives not of nations but rather of sovereign nation states. It is also worth noting that pioneering figures in the organization of international sport, such as Baron Pierre de Coubertin who established the modern Olympics in 1896, commonly revealed a commitment to both internationalism and the interests of their own nation states.
    [Show full text]
  • Alltime Boys Top 10 Lc, to 15 Sep 2010
    Alltime Australian Boys Top 10 long course 11/u to 18 yr - at 15th September 2010 email any errors or omissions to [email protected] Australian Age Points - (APP) are set for 50 = 10th Alltime Aus Age Time and 40 = 2011 Australian Age QT Points are only allocated to Australian Age Championship events with lowest age at 13/u Note that the lowest points in these rankings is 44 points For more information on the AAP, email [email protected] AAP Male 11 & Under 50 Free 1 26.94 LF Te Haumi Maxwell 11 NSW 12/06/2006 School Sport Australia Champ. 2 27.49 LF Kyle Chalmers 11 SA 6/06/2010 School Sport Australia Swimming Championships 3 27.53 LF Oliver Moody 11 NSW 6/06/2010 School Sport Australia Swimming Championships 4 27.93 LF Nicholas Groenewald 11 NUN 15/03/2009 The Last Blast 09' 5 27.97 LF Bailey Lawson 11 PBC 13/03/2009 2009 Swimming Gold Coast Championships 6*P 28.01 L Nicholas Capomolia 11 VIC 13/09/2009 School Sport Australia Swimming Championships 6*F 28.01 L Cody Simpson 11 QLD 1/12/2008 Pacific School Games 2008 Swimming 8 28.04 LF Anthony Truong 11 NSW 28/11/2005 Melbourne - Pacific School Games 9 28.23 LF Michael Buchanan 11 QLD 14/05/2001 Canberra - Aus Primary Schools 10 28.26 LF Samuel Ritchens 11 LCOV 16/01/2010 2010 NSW State 10/U-12 Years Age Championship Male 11 & Under 100 Free 1 59.49 LF Peter Fisher 11 NSW 8/05/1991 ? Tri Series 2 59.95 LF Oliver Moody 11 NSW 6/06/2010 School Sport Australia Swimming Championships 3 59.98 LF John Walz 11 QLD 11/01/1999 Brisbane - Jan 1999 4 1:00.39 LF Te Haumi Maxwell 11 NSW 12/06/2006 School Sport Australia Champ.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of the Games of the New Emerging Forces' and Indonesia's
    The International Journal of the History of Sport ISSN: 0952-3367 (Print) 1743-9035 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fhsp20 The Legacy of the Games of the New Emerging Forces and Indonesia’s Relationship with the International Olympic Committee Friederike Trotier To cite this article: Friederike Trotier (2017): The Legacy of the Games of the New Emerging Forces and Indonesia’s Relationship with the International Olympic Committee, The International Journal of the History of Sport, DOI: 10.1080/09523367.2017.1281801 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1281801 Published online: 22 Feb 2017. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fhsp20 Download by: [93.198.244.140] Date: 22 February 2017, At: 10:11 THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF SPORT, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1281801 The Legacy of the Games of the New Emerging Forces and Indonesia’s Relationship with the International Olympic Committee Friederike Trotier Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) often serve as Indonesia; GANEFO; Asian an example of the entanglement of sport, Cold War politics and the games; Southeast Asian Non-Aligned Movement in the 1960s. Indonesia as the initiator plays games; International a salient role in the research on this challenge for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Olympic Committee (IOC). The legacy of GANEFO and Indonesia’s further relationship with the IOC, however, has not yet drawn proper academic attention.
    [Show full text]
  • 2022 USA Masters Games
    2022 USA Masters Games Request for Proposals Named World’s Best New Event at the World’s Best Event Awards presented by SportsTravel Magazine SPECIAL NOTE: The 2020 USAMG previously scheduled for June 2020 will now be June 2021 in Grand Rapids, MI. For more information visit usamastersgames.com Please contact Collins Lowder with any questions at: 919-678-1652 or [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 2 ABOUT THE USA MASTERS GAMES ............................................................................................................... 1 USA MASTERS GAMES KEY FACTS ................................................................................................................. 2 HOST CITY SELECTION TIMELINE* ................................................................................................................. 3 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIP............................................................................................................................. 9 VENUE REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Transition and Transformation of Badminton Into a Globalized Game
    Title The transition and transformation of badminton into a globalized game, 1893-2012: A study of the trials and tribulations of Malaysian badminton players competing for Thomas Cup and Olympic gold medals Author(s) Lim Peng Han Source 8th International Malaysian Studies Conference (MSC8), Selangor, Malaysia, 9 - 11 July 2012 Organised by Malaysian Social Science Association © 2012 Malaysian Social Science Association Citation: Lim, P. H. (2012). The transition and transformation of badminton into a globalized game: A study of the trials and tribulations of Malaysian badminton players competing for Thomas Cup and Olympic gold medals. In Mohd Hazim Shah & Saliha Hassan (Eds.), MSC8 proceedings: Selected full papers (pp. 172 - 187). Kajang, Selangor: Malaysian Social Science Association. Archived with permission from the copyright owner. 4 The Transition and Transformation of Badminton into a Globalised Game, 1893-2012: A Study on the Trials and Tribulations of Malaysian Badminton Players Competing for Thomas Cup and the Olympic Gold Medals Lim Peng Han Department of Information Science Loughborough University Introduction Badminton was transformed as a globalised game in four phases. The first phase began with the founding of the International Badminton Federation in 1934 and 17 badminton associations before the Second World War. The second phase began after the War with the first Thomas Cup contest won by Malaya in 1949. From 1946 to 1979, Malaysia won the Cup 4 times and Indonesia, 7 times. In 1979 twenty-six countries competed for the Cup. The third phase began with China's membership into the IBF in 1981. From 1982 to 2010 China won the Thomas Cup 8 times, Indonesia won 6 times and Malaysia, only once.
    [Show full text]
  • Entrevista a Lee Chong
    ENTREVISTA A LEE CHONG WEI Traducció de l’entrevista apareguda a http://www.badminton-information.com/lee-chong- wei.html Lee Chong Wei és un jugador professional de bàdminton, nascut a Malàisia. Va guanyar la medalla de plata a les olimpíades de Pequí 2008, amb la qual cosa es va convertir en el primer malai en aconseguir arribar a una final olímpica a l’individual masculí, acabant amb la sequera de medalles per Malàisia des de les olimpíades de 1996. Com a jugador d’individual, va aconseguir per primer cop ser número 1 al rànquing mundial el 21 d’agost de 2008, posició que ostenta també a l’actualitat. És doncs el tercer jugador masculí malai que aconsegueix aquesta posició (Rashid Sidek i Roslin Hasim ho van aconseguir abans) i és l’únic del seu país que ha mantingut aquesta posició d’honor per més de dues setmanes. Lee és també l’actual campió de l’All England. Tot i haver guanyat diferents títols en importants competicions internacionals, com són varis Super Series, i malgrat el seu estatus entre l’elit mundial, només ha aconseguit la medalla de bronze (al 2005) en campionats del món. 1. A quina edat vas començar a jugar? Als 11 anys. 2. Sempre vas tenir la intenció de fer-te jugador professional? No, en absolut. Vaig començar a jugar de forma totalment natural, ja que el meu pare entrenava i em va animar a mi a fer-ho també. 3. Quan et vas adonar que eres suficientment bo com per donar “guerra” a nivell mundial? Em sembla que tenia 17 anys.
    [Show full text]
  • The Internationalisation of PTT Telecom: a Cultural Perspective
    VU Research Portal Internationalisation, Cooperation and Ethnicity in the Telecom Sector. An Ethnographic Study of the Cross-cultural Cooperation of PTT Telecom in Unisource, the Netherlands Antilles and Indonesia van Marrewijk, A.H. 1999 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) van Marrewijk, A. H. (1999). Internationalisation, Cooperation and Ethnicity in the Telecom Sector. An Ethnographic Study of the Cross-cultural Cooperation of PTT Telecom in Unisource, the Netherlands Antilles and Indonesia. Eburon. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 INTERNATIONALISATION, COOPERATION AND ETHNICITY IN THE TELECOM SECTOR An Ethnographic Study of the Cross-cultural Cooperation of PTT Telecom in Unisource, the Netherlands Antilles and Indonesia Alfons van Marrewijk Eburon ii iii INTERNATIONALISATION, COOPERATION AND ETHNICITY IN THE TELECOM SECTOR An Ethnographic Study of the Cross-cultural Cooperation of PTT TELECOM in Unisource, The Netherlands Antilles and Indonesia Alfons van Marrewijk iv Promotie-commisie: Promotor: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Annual Report
    NEW ZEALAND OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 2011 100TH ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS EXECUTIVE REPORTS President’s Report 2 Secretary General’s Report 4 GAMES REPORTS Games Time Planning 8 Commonwealth Youth Games – Isle of Man 9 PROMOTING THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT Commercial and Marketing Activity 10 Events and Celebrations 14 Museum and Education 16 Athletes’ Commission 18 FINANCIAL REPORTS New Zealand Olympic Committee Financial Report 19 New Zealand Olympic Academy Financial Report 33 IOC and Olympic Solidarity Funding 40 New Zealand Olympic Committee Executive and Staff Lists 43 1 NEW ZEALAND OLYMPIC CoMMITTEE 2011 100TH ANNUAL REPORT PRESIDENt’s REPORT IN 2011 THE NEW ZEALAND Our relationships within the Olympic Movement have The ‘Making us Proud’ marketing campaign was OLYMPIC CoMMITTEE (NZOC) the potential to provide commercial as well as sporting launched in 2011 and has provided commercial partners CELEBRATED ITS CENTENARY AND benefits to New Zealand. Our international position with opportunities for returns on objectives as well was strengthened when it was confirmed that Barbara as ways for New Zealanders to be proud and inspire RECOGNISED THE CONTRIBUTION Kendall would again serve on the IOC. our Olympic team. The establishment of the NZOC’s OF THOSE WHO THROUGHOUT As part of the review of its constitution the NZOC will, President’s Council, which draws on the expertise THE DECADES HAVE WORKED for the first time, go to the public for applications for of some of New Zealand’s leading business and TIRELESSLY TO PROMOTE THE upcoming board positions. This will enable us to source community leaders, is an initiative to further strengthen OLYMPIC MOVEMENT IN NEW the very best candidates to steer our organisation into our financial position.
    [Show full text]