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Greetings Variety to Show Politeness in Gorontalo Language BAHTERA: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume 17 Nomor 2 Juli 2018 http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/bahtera/ P-ISSN : 0853-2710 E-ISSN : 2540-8968 GREETINGS VARIETY TO SHOW POLITENESS IN GORONTALO LANGUAGE Dewi Dama Fakultas Sastra dan Budaya, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 6 Kota Gorontalo Email: [email protected] Abstract This research aims to present the forms of greetings in Gorontalo Language and the examples used in society. The study focused on the use of Gorontalo language and took place in Ayula Tilango Kecamatan Bulango Selatan. The data were obtained through observation and elicitation. The results indicated various greetings based on Based on the findings, in Bahasa Gorontalo, there are, namely: Name in the form of kinship relationship (family connection ± Vertically), name in the form of horizontal relationship (intimacy, friendship and body shape), name has a collective identifying character of the clan / fam (surname), name with religious title, name contains a custom title or an honors degree (given for personal achievements, a hero or died important person, important status in local government), and name contains a noble title. Keywords: Greetings, naming, titles, Gorontalo Language. INTRODUCTIONS Study on Sociolinguistics field is meanings of chunks of text. However, massive. One of the topic that the writer when these utterances are interpreted with concern is in the sub-field of linguistics reference to the context, including the called pragmatics. According to setting, speakers, background knowledge, Wardhaugh & Fuller (2015), pragmatics and so on, this falls into the realm of looks at meanings of utterances in context, pragmatics. and it is often discussed in contrast with the Pragmatics, so this argument goes, is sub-filed called semantics, which is the perceived as being distinct from study of meaning as part of the language sociolinguistics, but there is some overlap, system. Semantics focuses on the meanings hence the inclusion of some topics in of signs, and the relationship between these pragmatics in this textbook. In particular, meanings, and includes the study of we incorporate topics which involve how 24 BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume Juli 2018 BAHTERA: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume 17 Nomor 2 Juli 2018 http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/bahtera/ P-ISSN : 0853-2710 E-ISSN : 2540-8968 the identities and relationships of speakers Brown and Gilman (1960) found two influence their linguistic choices and how factors affecting the salary in Indo- they are interpreted (ibid., p.248). European languages (German, Italian, Politeness, moreover, is a key topic in Spanish, France) is the power factor of pragmatics for several decades, has 'power' and solidarity 'solidarity'. Factor matured into an institutionalized research family and non family are also the area with a voluminous book and journal determinants of greeting election (Slobin, literature, including its own recently 1963). launched periodical, the Journal of Furthermore, variation in showing Politeness Research (Kasper, 2011). such politeness and indirectedness has From the perspective of attracted the writer to overview them in sociolinguistic approach, the use of more specific discussion about naming and language "language use "is a form of social title. Blum-Kulka (1987), based on interaction that occurs in concrete experimental research in which research situations; this means that from a participants rated the politeness of requests, sociolinguistic approach the language is argues that on-record, conventionally studied in context socio-cultural and indirect requests are considered more situations of use (Suwito, 1985: 5). In polite. Conventionally indirect requests regard with socio-cultural and situations in include such linguistic forms as ”want‘ the use of language factors status, age, statements, for example, ”I want you to gender, intimacy, purpose, norms / rules of move your car‘ or ”I would like you to clean language, type speech. These factors also the kitchen.‘ 0ild hints such as ”We don‘t affect the usage language (Alwi, 1995). want any crowding‘ as a request to move The word greeting includes one your car were not seen as equally polite, aspect of a deep language its use is always nor were bald imperatives such as ”Move concerned with socio-cultural factors and your car‘ (examples from Blum-Kulka situations its use. Some sociolinguists like 1987, 133). She suggests that Brown and Gilman (1960), Brown and conventionally indirect requests are Ford (1964), Ervin-Tripp (1972), interpreted as polite because they are Kridalaksana (1984), Sadtono (1977). mitigated, but also because they do not 25 BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume Juli 2018 BAHTERA: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume 17 Nomor 2 Juli 2018 http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/bahtera/ P-ISSN : 0853-2710 E-ISSN : 2540-8968 require the work to interpret them that off- and, simultaneously, to assign record requests require of the addressee. them to categories within a Félix-Brasdefer (2005) supports this social matrix (Alford, 1988). perspective on indirectness and politeness Names thus provide important in his research on university students in information about social Mexico. His research, based on the forms structure(Lieberson, 2000). As of requests used in role-playing tasks, such, ””naming systems both shows that students are more likely to use reflect and help to create the indirect requests with a professor. Martin conceptions of personal says that there are at least four fundamental identity that are perpetuated factors in the selection of the right words to within any society‘‘(Alford R, show politeness, greeting terms for others, 1998, 167). The outcome is that consideration of people outside the group, distinctive naming practices in social position, age and gender. Therefore, cultural and ethnic groups are naming and title is one of interesting topics persistent often even long after favorably explored in much research. As immigration to different social Mateos et al. (2011) states as follow: contexts(Tucker, 2003). We —1aming practices are far from exploit such regularities in this random, instead reflecting international investigation.“ social norms and cultural According to the Central Bureau of customs(Hanks, 2003). They Statistics (BPS) Year 2010, the number of exist in all human ethnic groups in Indonesia amounted to groups(Alford, 1988) and 1,128 tribes. Such diversity is caused by follow distinct geographical differences in race of origin, geographic and ethno-cultural patterns, environment differences, differences in even in today‘s globalised historical background, regional world. Any personal naming development, religious or belief system serves two primary differences, and adaptability or functions: to differentiate adjustability. Certain tribes have a surname individuals from each other, that is passed from parent to child, some 26 BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume Juli 2018 BAHTERA: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume 17 Nomor 2 Juli 2018 http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/bahtera/ P-ISSN : 0853-2710 E-ISSN : 2540-8968 other tribes do not recognize the surname, the four ethnics located on North Sulawesi, for example Javanese culture which namely: Bolaang Mongondow, Minahasa, generally only have one name, that is name Sangir Talaud, and Gorontalo. Along with of giving or name of self. In connection the emergence of regional divisions with with this, National Library of Indonesia regard to regional autonomy, Gorontalo from 2009 to 2011 has conducted a province was then established under Law research and review of names in Indonesia. No. 38 of 2000, and officialy being apart The investigation has been done in 24 from Sulut on December 22, 2000. The (twenty four) provinces, and the results total area of Gorontalo province is 11,090 have been compiled in a form of List of Km2 and inhibited by 1.133 million people family name, indigenous title and degree of (Gorontalo Central Bureau of Statistics, nobility in Indonesia. In the year 2012, the 2010). The ethnic Gorontalo consists of list has been ready to use. ethnic Suwawa, Gorontalo, Limutu and Kurniawati and Mulyani (2012) Atinggolo. The ethnic Gorontalo people states, the compilation of the list of names known from their relationship in the is in regard with the library materials family, group-family/clan, traditional titles processing activities. Librarians often have and noble titles. Gorontalo language is one difficulty recognizing the names of authors of the languages used by people in the who have a clan / family name. They also northern Sulawesi nearby Manado. This sometime come across with problems to language spread from East to West of the recall the title of nobility from various province because the majority of tribes and regions. That condition causes Gorontalonese use the language in social slow response on library processing interaction and daily transaction. In routine. It is now very helpful as a addition, as a custom language, it does exist reference in determining the title of the in every beat of daily activities, such as: at author of Indonesia who has the name of a party, in a funeral, and in every custom the clan, the title of ”adat‘ (local custom) performance. and the title of nobility. However, it is argued that social Gorontalo is the 32nd province in development changed the existence of the Indonesia, formerly Gorontalo is is one of language on its people, youg generation in 27 BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume Juli 2018 BAHTERA: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Volume 17 Nomor 2 Juli 2018 http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/bahtera/ P-ISSN : 0853-2710 E-ISSN : 2540-8968 particular. Either individuals or group of by asking questions directly to the Gorontalonese has brought changes. The informants (Sudaryanto, 1993). most notable change that decrease the use The data in this study is public speech of the language is the advance of in Gorontalo language. The data source is innovation in information and taken from the native speakers domiciled in communication technology.
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