Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Project Brief
1. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is for the project entitled Westports Phase II Development - Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor, hereinafter referred to as the “Project”.
2. Westports Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (hereinafter referred to as “WMSB”) as the Project Proponent, intends to expand the existing port facilities and to increase the current port capacity to 28 million TEUs by providing eight (8) additional container terminals at Westports in Pulau Indah, Selangor.
3. An approximate area of 550ha will be developed for the Project which involves the construction of additional berths, container yards, terminal facilities, and containment area for the free trade zone. Westports Phase II will be integrated with the existing CT1-CT9 terminals at Westports upon the completion of the construction works.
Figure ES 1 Location of Project
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Project Proponent & EIA Study Team
4. Westports Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. is the Project Proponent for the proposed Project. The contact details of the Project Proponent are as follows:
Westports Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (192725-V) Address P.O. Box 266, Pulau Indah 42009 Port Klang Selangor Darul Ehsan MALAYSIA Tel 03 – 3169 4000 Fax 03 – 3169 4100 Contact Person Ahmad Damanhury bin Ibrahim Designation Head of Port Projects E-mail Address [email protected]
5. SMHB Sdn. Bhd. is the environmental consulting firm engaged by the Project Proponent to undertake the EIA Study. Details of the firm are as follows:
SMHB Sdn. Bhd. (63281-X) Address 38, Jalan 1/76D Desa Pandan 55100 Kuala Lumpur MALAYSIA Tel 03 – 9281 1122 Fax 03 – 9281 1199 Contact Person Ir. Loo Ai Choo Designation Project Director / EIA Study Team Leader E-mail Address [email protected]
This EIA study has been carried out by a team that includes a number of subject specialists and technical consultants in the areas of expertise relevant to the Project. The EIA Study team is listed in Table ES 1. Other technical consultants who have contributed significantly in the EIA Study are listed in Table ES 2 below.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Table ES 1 List of registered consultants for the EIA Study
DOE Registration No Name Academic Background / Qualification EIA Contribution Signature Category Validity
Master of Engineering Science EIA Team Leader (Chemical) Water Quality EIA Consultant 31 May 1 Loo Ai Choo Bachelor of Engineering (Chemical) Assessment C0457 2021 Registered Professional Engineer General Environmental (C112439) Management
Ecological Studies Ph.D (Marine and Coastal Ecology) Subject Consultant 31 May (Marine and Coastal 2 Dr. Harinder Rai Singh Master of Science (Marine Biology and SS0276 2022 Biology) Ecology) Aquatic Ecology
Degree in Electrical Engineering (Communications) Azimbazri bin Abd Subject Consultant 31 January Marine Traffic and 3 Registered Marine Risk Assessment Shukor SS0559 2021 Navigational Safety (MRA) Consultant with Jabatan Laut Malaysia
Master of Water Engineering Subject Consultant 31 May Coastal Hydraulics and 4 Cheng Chi Wei Bachelor of Applied Science SS5026 2021 Hydrodynamics (Mathematical Modelling)
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
DOE Registration No Name Academic Background / Qualification EIA Contribution Signature Category Validity
Master of Arts (Geography) Master of Science (Planning) Registered Professional Town Planner, Board of Town Planners, Malaysia Subject Consultant 31 January Social Impact 5 Tan Yee Noon (Registration No. A269) SS0181 2021 Assessment Registered Professional Town Planner, Institute of Town Planners, Malaysia (Registration No. 261/91)
Bachelor of Applied Science (Hons.) (Environmental Biology) Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC 7209) EIA Consultant 31 May Soil Erosion and 6 Cheong Hon Loong Certified Erosion, Sediment and Storm C0666 2022 Sedimentation Analysis Water Inspector (CESSWI 3538) Certified Inspector of Sediment and Erosion Control (CISEC MY-0027)
Assistant Bachelor of Applied Science (Hons.) Coastal Hydraulic 7 Chin Chien Hoong Consultant NA Mathematical Modelling Impacts AC5019
Master of Science (Environmental Assistant Shazwani Che Noor 8 Assessment and Monitoring) Consultant NA Water and Air Quality Azeman Bachelor of Science (Biochemistry) AC1264
Assistant Bachelor of Science (Analytical and General Environmental 9 Tang Yy-San Consultant NA Environmental Chemistry) Impact Assessment AC5165
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Table ES 2 List of other technical consultants for the EIA Study
No Organization Person-in-Charge EIA Contribution
DHI Water & Environment (M) Sdn. 1 Dr. Juan Carlos Savioli Coastal Hydraulic Impacts Bhd.
Yellowstone Environmental 2 Wong Suh Chuen Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Analysis Consultancy
Engineering-related works (soil investigation, port design, 3 HSSI Sdn. Bhd. Ir. Murthi Silvarajin construction methods)
Port planning 4 BMT Asia Sdn. Bhd. Ir. Sridhar Krishnan & Capt. Donald D’Cruz Marine traffic risk assessment and navigational safety
5 Runding Trafik MZK Sdn. Bhd. Ir. Mohammad Razif Mat Shah Land traffic impact assessment
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Legal Requirements
6. This Project falls under three (3) of the prescribed activities listed in the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015, under the First and Second Schedule as described below.
First Schedule of the Order
Item 10 (a): Expansion of ports involving an increase of 50 Activity No. 10 Ports percent or more in handling capacity per annum. Item 15 (a): Capital dredging. Activity No. 15 Dredging Item 15 (b): Disposal of waste dredged materials. Second Schedule of the Order
Item 7 (a): Coastal reclamation or land reclamation along Activity No. 7 Land Reclamation river banks involving an area of 50 hectares or more.
7. Since this Project involves more than one prescribed activity and one of which falls under the Second Schedule of the Order, this Project is therefore deemed to be regulated under the Second Schedule of the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015.
8. There are several Government agencies linked to the development of the Project. Westports has engaged with these agencies from the initial stages of project planning. The related Government agencies have also been communicated and engaged with as part of this EIA study.
Preliminary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study
9. Westports Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (WMSB) carried out a masterplan study which included various technical studies and assessments by specialist consultants to affirm the need for the Project, assess the suitability of the project location, establish the optimum port layout and the technical feasibility of constructing the port extension.
10. The studies included port planning, marine traffic risk assessment and navigational safety, coastal hydraulics and land traffic assessment.
11. Concurrently, WMSB also commissioned a Preliminary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment study as part of the masterplan study to ensure that environmental and social issues are taken into consideration in the overall planning for the port expansion. The study was carried out resembling the environmental screening and scoping exercise of the EIA process.
12. The Preliminary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment study identified the main environmental and social concerns anticipated from the proposed Project. The findings from the
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
study provided the information for the development of the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the EIA, to focus on the main aspects of the environmental and social components in the EIA stage.
TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)
13. The Terms of Reference (TOR) of the EIA was first submitted to the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia Headquarters in Putrajaya on 9th December 2019, followed by a Project site visit by the DOE officers on 23rd December 2019.
14. The Terms of Reference Adequacy Check (TORAC) Meeting was held on 10th January 2020. Upon receiving written comments from the relevant Government Agencies (GAs) and Appointed Individuals (AIs), the TOR was amended and resubmitted to the DOE on 27th April 2020.
15. The Revised TOR was subsequently approved and endorsed by the DOE on 26th June 2020.
STATEMENT OF NEED
16. The seaport terminal of Westports has played a leading role in Malaysia's efforts to provide storage, bunkering, cargo/freight handling, and other port related facilities in Port Klang, that has added significantly to Malaysia's importance as a link in the global maritime trade.
17. Westports has gradually transformed into a mega hub for both local and transhipment containers. Today, it serves as the main gateway for container and conventional cargo for the central hinterland of Peninsular Malaysia, owing mainly to the strategic location and deep water berth which allows it to accommodate large vessels.
18. In 2019, the container throughput at Westports stood at 10.86 million TEUs, an increase from 9.5 million TEUs in the previous year. Westports capacity was increased to 14 million TEUs in the same year to cater to the increase. Westports Malaysia is the second busiest port in South East Asia and is the leading port terminal operator in Port Klang, controlling about 80% of the container business market share. This achievement ranks Port Klang as the 12th busiest container port in the world.
19. The proposed Westports Phase II expansion is necessary to meet the anticipated growth in the containerized sea-freight industry in the medium to long term; the port masterplan study forecasts container throughput to grow to about 26.8 million TEUs (base scenario) by year 2040. The expansion is also necessary for Port Klang to remain competitive and to maintain Port Klang’s position as a megahub port, particularly in view of the rising competition among regional ports within South East Asia, specifically the ports of Singapore and Indonesia.
20. Another factor that drives the expansion of the container terminals at Westports is the increasing trend of vessel sizes worldwide. The size of container ships has been growing over the years as
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the increased size produces better operating efficiency and improved environmental performance. With the increase in size of container ships, Westports has to be expanded and improved in terms of facilities and services to cater for larger ships.
21. The proposed expansion plans at the Westports terminal is also driven by the constraints faced at the Northport terminal. Northport is fully developed and has limited land area for further expansion. The absence of turning basins for large ships is another constraint faced at the Northport terminals; container vessels larger than 400m in length face difficulties berthing at Northport. The Northern Channel, which has a depth of only 11.2m and a width of 300m, allows only container vessels with draft lengths of less than 11m to use the channel safely.
22. The proposed expansion of Westports is aligned with the Government’s local, state and national development plans and policies, which are geared towards Port Klang being further enhanced as the main port of Malaysia to meet the expected increase in shipping activities in this region. To meet the Government’s plans, the port facilities at Port Klang and Westports have to be expanded and improved.
PROJECT OPTIONS
23. The assessment and evaluation of options for the development of Westports Phase II include options relating to the location and layout of the new terminals, the construction method, as well as a “No Project” option.
24. The proposed Westports Phase II expansion will involve additional container terminal berths and facilities that extends from the existing container terminals. The linear extension of the port terminal extending outwards from the existing container yards southwards along Pulau Indah, is the most feasible location, allowing smooth integration of the new terminals into the current port operations.
25. The proposed port expansion will be within the current port limits of Port Klang alongside the main navigation channel, and away from the anchoring zone. Landside access will use existing roads and highways.
26. The layout of the new port terminals was extensively studied taking into consideration criteria such as quay connectivity and port efficiency, impact of the port extension on marine traffic, efficiency on the use of the reclaimed area, hydrodynamic impacts, impact on environment, and current port operations.
27. A “No Project” option will directly affect the adequacy of berthing facilities for container vessels to load and/or unload their cargo at the current terminals. Congestion at the existing berths will cause delays, leading to longer turnaround time and direct fiscal impact to the consignees and shipping companies. Denying future businesses for Westports due to the limited number of
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berths will also reduce the competitiveness of Port Klang as the principal port of Malaysia and impede Port Klang from realizing its mega port status.
28. The options for constructing the new port terminals are either by land reclamation or establishing a platform on piers. Land reclamation by sand filling is a widely used method and presents no foreseeable engineering difficulties. The reclamation will result in an alteration of the coastal morphology and processes that affect both physical and biological components; the impacts are assessed in this EIA study. The land reclamation option will not involve acquisition of private land or displacement of residents; the activities will be conducted offshore and present less social disturbance than would typically arise for on-site earthworks and construction on land.
29. Construction on piers will have lesser physical alteration of the coastline, although most of the existing mangroves would still need to be cleared for the construction works. This construction method will require deep piling and long access bridges in excess of 600m, which is very costly. Maintenance and repair of the pier structures will add to the operational cost of the port.
30. In comparing the available options for construction of the port expansion, the land reclamation option is deemed to be more economically and technically viable and is therefore the preferred method of construction for the proposed Westports Phase II project.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
31. The proposed expansion of Westports Phase II will be situated at the coastal area of the State of Selangor, at the southern tip of Pulau Indah, adjacent to the existing terminals of Westports.
32. Westports Phase II will involve the construction of eight (8) container terminals, i.e. CT10-CT17, which will be integrated with the existing CT1-CT9 terminals. The total berth length of the new container terminals is 4,800m and the total Project area is approximately 550ha.
33. Prior to the construction of the terminals and the associated facilities, initial works involving sand filling, surcharge removal, capital dredging, and reclamation works will take place in the vicinity of the navigation channels of the Southern Access Channel (Selat Klang), Eastern Channel (Selat Lumut), and the containment area (free trade zone area).
34. The development of Westports Phase II will be carried out in two (2) phases – Phase 1 (CT10- CT13) and Phase 2 (CT14-CT17), with the planning for the port to be fully operational by year 2050. The Phase 1 works of the proposed Westports expansion is expected to commence in year 2021 and continue through to year 2034, whilst Phase 2 will be from year 2033 to 2050. The proposed phasing plan for Westports Phase II is depicted in Figure ES 2.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Figure ES 2 Westports Phase II development phases
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
35. The volume of material to be dredged is approximately 20 million m3 in Phase 1 and 29 million m3 in Phase 2, whilst the volume of sand required for reclamation and filling works is 10 million m3 in Phase 1 and 19 million m3 in Phase 2.
36. The main Project components and concepts for the development of Westports Phase II expansion are as follows:
a. CT10-CT13 will be extended from CT9 onwards, parallel to the alignment of the existing Westports berths. The remaining CT14-CT17 berths will bend southwards in order to maximize the distance between the main navigational Southern Access Channel (Selat Klang) and the berthing areas.
b. Capital dredging works at the berthing areas to -18.0mCD, followed by reclamation works to the platform level of +8.0mCD for the new terminals.
c. Entrance of the existing navigation channel, i.e. the Southern Access Channel located to the south of the Project site, will be widened by 300m to 800m and dredged to a depth of -18.0mCD.
d. A free trade zone (FTZ) of approximately 162ha (400ac), will be located to the east of the new container terminals, extending from the southern tip of Pulau Indah. The FTZ will be developed into an industrial area with light and medium industries.
e. Compensation dredging will be conducted along the Eastern Channel (Selat Lumut) up to -8.0mCD and width of 500m. This is based on the recommendation of the hydraulic study, in order to ensure that the anticipated changes to currents and water levels due to the proposed reclamation works will not impact the upstream areas along Selat Lumut.
f. Construction of port components will include berths, quay transfer yards, container storage yards, and Back-of-Terminal (BOT) facilities. Other associated port facilities such as administration building, maintenance and repair workshops, marshalling building, terminal gates, and sewage treatment plant will also be developed as part of the Project.
g. The proposed East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) rail yard for the Port Klang station will be located within the Westports Phase II area.
37. In the pre-construction stage of the Project, activities that are carried out include topographic and bathymetric surveys, port development concept planning and engineering design, environmental impact assessment (EIA), hydraulics and hydrodynamics assessment, soil investigation, soil erosion and sedimentation analysis, marine ecology assessment, social impact assessment, marine traffic risk and navigational safety assessment, and land traffic impact assessment. The activities during this pre-development phase of the Project mainly involves sampling works,
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surveys, engagement with stakeholders and desktop studies, all of which are considered low impact activities.
38. The construction phase of the Project will involve extensive activities such as dredging, reclamation, sand filling, surcharge removal, compaction and consolidation of reclaimed land, followed by the construction of port structures and terminal facilities.
39. Dredging works – This will be performed hydraulically using Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD); two units of CSD will be used in Phase 1 and four units in Phase 2. The seabed material will be cut and pumped by the CSD and discharged by pipeline into a hopper barge. The estimated amount of materials to be dredged is approximately 49 million m3. Suitable material will be used for reclamation of the free trade zone area, whilst unsuitable material will be dispatched to the approved spoil disposal area. The results from the borehole tests indicate that most of the dredged material can be reused for the reclamation works.
40. Containment bund – A perimeter bund with internal bunds will be erected at the containment area (free trade zone area) to contain the fill materials and to prevent sediment from dispersing into the surrounding waterways. Two (2) types of containment bunds are proposed for use at the containment area, i.e. sand-filled geotubes to be used in shallow areas, and combined sand core with sand-filled geotubes for deeper areas.
41. Reclamation, filling and surcharge removal – Reclamation works will be performed hydraulically using Trailer Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD); the estimated daily production rate of a TSHD is 20,000m3/day. The first stage of reclamation involves building up a dry working platform with surface level at RL +5.10mCD which is above the normal high tide level. Bulk fill material comprising clean sand (with low content of fines) will be placed along the existing shoreline and gradually pushed out into the area to be reclaimed. To minimise erosion damage to the reclamation platform and generation of silt plumes, a revetment zone comprising a geotextile filter layer, gravel filter zone, secondary armour rock layer, and primary armour rock layer will be constructed in stages as the reclamation progresses. The reclamation works will continue into the next stage which involves raising the platform surface from RL +5.10mCD to the finished platform level of +8.00mCD. All construction works in this second stage will be undertaken above the normal high tide level.
42. Compaction and consolidation of reclaimed area – Following completion of reclamation, a settlement-monitoring programme will be instituted to confirm consolidation rates and extent of fill settlement. Surcharging works will be undertaken as necessary to minimize long-term settlement of the reclaimed building platform. Compaction of reclamation materials will be carried out using conventional land-based compaction equipment above high water level and vibroflotation or vibratory rolling technique below the high tide level. Final selection of the compaction methods will be made on site based on compaction trials.
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43. Construction of port structures, terminal facilities and container yard – Upon completion of dredging and reclamation works, marine piling using driven piles will be carried out below the three access bridges for each of the container terminal, followed by casting of pile caps and installation of precast elements (concrete slabs) to form the deck. The construction of container yards will involve earthworks, installation of drainage systems, laying of pavement, installation of utilities such as water supply, telecommunication and power supply lines, small-scale sewage treatment plant and access roads.
44. Project activities that are anticipated in the operational and maintenance phase include berthing of vessels, loading and unloading activities and storage of containers, maintenance dredging of navigation channel, maintenance of port facilities and equipment, as well as generation and handling of port wastes.
45. Berthing of vessels – All vessels entering, leaving, or navigating within the port limits in Port Klang must engage a licensed pilot from Westports to berth the vessel. Port Klang Authority also manages and operates a Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) for the pilotage district of Port Klang which allows vessels that are due to arrive at pilot stations to be identified and tracked in advance.
46. Loading and unloading activities – Typical operational procedures at the container terminals involve loading and unloading of containers from the vessel to the shore, and from the shore to the vessel, as well as yard operation involving the movement and storage of containers in the yard area.
47. Maintenance dredging – This is required within the port limit to ensure safe navigational depth of -18.0mCD. Maintenance dredging works at the navigation channels are carried out by Port Klang Authority, whereas maintenance dredging works at the berths are conducted by Westports.
48. Maintenance of port facilities – Port operations involve extensive and continuous usage of cargo- handling machinery and equipment which requires maintenance and repair. The Back-of- Terminal facilities at the port includes maintenance and repair workshops to handle the maintenance works.
49. Generation and handling of port wastes – Westports has developed and implements a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on port reception services for handling of port wastes. The SOP governs the handling, management, and safe disposal of wastes generated at the port terminals including scheduled waste and general wastes. Scheduled wastes generated at Westports are stored and disposed of by licensed contractor appointed by the respective shipping lines. The types and amount of wastes are reported using the Electronic Scheduled Waste Information System (eSWIS) of the DOE.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
50. Westports promotes Green Initiatives as part of its port operations and in line with this, the planning, design, and operational concepts for Westports Phase II will take into consideration these initiatives to ensure that the implementation of the port extension will be environmentally sustainable. Westports is also committed to running its business in a responsible, environmentally sound, and sustainable manner and continually seek to identify effective ways of reducing or eliminating the adverse environmental impacts where possible. The commitment of
Westports to environmental protection include: reducing its energy requirements and CO2 emissions; reducing reliance on fossil fuels to lower the carbon footprint of the port; incorporating green building concepts into design of the port buildings; reducing waste and increasing recycling or beneficial reuse of all waste materials; and mitigating climate change.
THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
Zone of Study (ZOS)
51. The proposed Project will lie at the southern tip of Pulau Indah, extending immediately seawards from the existing Westports port terminals. The Zone of Study (ZOS) for the EIA extends about 5km radial distance from the Project boundary as shown in Figure ES 3. The ZOS comprises two (2) general areas of coverage, namely the primary impact zone and the secondary impact zone.
52. The primary impact zone encompasses the areas directly affected by the proposed Project development. The primary impact zone includes the following:
a. The mangrove and mudflat areas along the shoreline which will be cleared and constructed over with the proposed port infrastructure;
b. The coastal waters to be reclaimed for the port expansion;
c. The ecology within the immediate areas that will be directly affected by the proposed development; and
d. The construction site.
53. The secondary impact zone includes:
e. The marine and coastal areas immediately surrounding the proposed Project site which may be impacted whether directly or indirectly by the Project, encompassing marine ecology, mangrove habitats, estuaries, beaches, marine waters, and aquaculture areas; and
f. The human communities surrounding the Project area which may be dependent on the marine and coastal resources for their economy and subsistence.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Sensitive Receptors
54. Within the primary impact zone of the proposed port development, the sensitive receptors are the remnant mangroves and mudflats at the tip of Pulau Indah, and the adjacent coastal marine waters, including the ecological resources of these habitats.
55. The main sensitive receptors found within the secondary impact zone, extending to the 5km radial distance from the nearest Project boundary are as follows:
a. Angler’s Resort;
b. Pantai Acheh;
c. Industries within the Port Klang Free Zone (PKFZ) and Inai Kiara Sdn. Bhd.;
d. Marina & Peninsular Sailing Club;
e. Jeti Nelayan Kg. Sg. Kembong;
f. Kampongs, namely Kg. Perigi Nenas and Kg. Sg. Kembong in Pulau Indah and Perkampungan Orang Asli Sg. Kurau in Pulau Carey; and
g. Adjacent islands of Pulau Carey, Pulau Che Mat Zin, Pulau Pintu Gedong, and Pulau Selat Kering
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Figure ES 3 Zone of Study (ZOS) - 5km radial distance from Project boundary
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Physical Environment
Land Use
56. The proposed development of Westports Phase II will occupy a total of 550ha comprising land mass (involving a patch of mangroves and a strip of mudflats fringing the tip of Pulau Indah to the south-west of the island) and marine waters.
57. The major types of land use within the 5km radius zone of study are water body (marine waters), mangroves, industrial area, residential area, recreational sites, and fishing jetties.
Topography
58. The proposed expansion of Westports Phase II will be located on open barren area with thin strips of mudflats fringing the southern tip of Pulau Indah. The landform of the Project site is almost flat with terrain that is between 0 – 7m above mean sea level (MSL).
Bathymetry
59. The water depth along the Selat Klang Selatan ranges around -20.0mCD that provides good depths for berthing and navigation purposes. The south-western tip of Pulau Indah where the proposed expansion is suggested, is quite shallow with levels reaching up to +3.0mCD, that allows reclamation with reduced need for large volumes of filling material.
60. The existing Southern Access Channel connecting Port Klang to Selat Melaka serves as the main route into Port Klang. This channel is currently maintained by the Port Klang Authority at - 18.5mCD with a 500m width. On the other hand, Selat Lumut which is located on the eastern side of Pulau Indah is quite shallow with water depths ranging from -1.0mCD to -9.0mCD.
Metocean Conditions
61. Water Levels – The mean sea level (MSL) at Pelabuhan Klang and Pintu Gedong are 3.03mCD and 2.66mCD, respectively while the highest astronomical tide (HAT) for both stations are 5.82mCD and 5.0mCD, respectively. The mean spring range (MHWS – MLWS) is in the order of 4.11m at Pelabuhan Klang and tidal level can go up to 5.82m during HAT.
62. Winds – The annual wind rose for a 5-year data period shows the predominant wind directions from northwest and southeast. The monsoonal wind roses show that wind magnitude is much stronger during NE and SW monsoon compared to inter monsoon. The winds travel predominantly from northwest direction during NE monsoon, while during the SW monsoon, the wind mainly blows from southeast direction due to the land sheltering effects from Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia.
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63. Currents – The magnitude of the current flow condition in Selat Klang Selatan is typically about 1.2 to 1.6m/s. Stronger currents are noticed along Selat Klang Selatan (approximate speeds: mean 0.7m/s and maximum 1.8m/s). The currents are dispersed outside of the channel which lead to lower current speeds (0.4 to 0.5m/s mean, 0.8 to 1.4m/s maximum) toward Selat Melaka.
64. Waves – The Project site is located at the south entrance of Selat Klang Selatan, where it is expected to be directly exposed to waves. Waves at the Project site mainly come from the south to west sector due to the diffraction of the waves approaching the shore. The predicted significant wave height can reach up to 0.7m maximum and 0.2m on average at the Project area.
Shoreline Conditions and Morphology
65. Shoreline evolution – The waters surrounding the Project site feature a complex seabed that is exposed to relatively strong northeast and southwest monsoon waves. The south-western tip of Pulau Indah and the north-western shoreline of Pulau Carey experience erosion issues with an annual erosion rate of more than 4m/year. These areas are expected to be more stable after the completion of the proposed Westports Phase II development as it will be protected by the new port structure.
66. Non-cohesive sediment (sand) transport – The predominant direction of wave travel in the vicinity of the Project area is from the west and south directions. The areas with the most potential sediment loads due to waves from the west are at the southern tip of Pulau Pintu Gedong, the south-eastern tip of Pulau Indah, and the Pulau Carey shoreline. Waves from the south tend to produce a northward sediment transport that is further offshore.
67. Cohesive (mud and clay) sediment transport – The predicted annual baseline sedimentation rate is approximately 400,000m3/year in the Southern Access Channel. The sediment transport simulations indicate that the following locations are prone to sedimentation:
a. The north and south ends of the Southern Access Channel and along the channel slope due to the deeper water depth from the dredging works required to maintain the depths for safe navigation;
b. Within the Westports berthing areas, particularly in front of CT8 and CT9, due to the sudden change in the water depth that tends to produce a shift in the current flow resulting in a reduction of velocity;
c. At the Selat Lumut channel entrance where sedimentation is expected to occur naturally.
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Hydrology
68. Selat Klang which serves as the main navigational channel of Port Klang, is the waterway located parallel to the Westports berths in Pulau Indah. Selat Klang divides Pulau Indah and other mangrove islands of Pulau Pintu Gedong, Pulau Che Mat Zin, and Pulau Klang.
69. Selat Lumut is the other main waterway between Pulau Indah and Pulau Carey.
Geology and Soil
70. The Project site is situated on quaternary-aged alluvium deposits comprising clay, sand, and silt. The formation is made up of marine and continental deposits. The main soil type found in the centre of Pulau Indah is from the Keranji series, whilst the soil type in the other areas of the island belongs in the Selangor Kangkong series.
71. The subsoil profile within the Project site can be summarised into four (4) main strata, i.e. Layer 1 – Predominantly Very Soft to Soft Cohesive Material; Layer 2 – Predominantly Firm to Stiff Cohesive Material; Layer 3 – Predominantly Granular Material; and Layer 4 – Predominantly Very Stiff to Hard Cohesive Material.
Marine Sediment
72. Marine sediment samples were collected at eight (8) locations surrounding the proposed port area in the Selat Klang waters. The marine sediments were analysed for total hydrocarbons and heavy metals i.e. arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) to gauge the degree of exposure to pollution in the seabed sediment of the Study area.
73. All samples recorded total hydrocarbon levels of less than the detection limit of 100mg/kg. The heavy metals analysed in the form of cations, were generally within the guideline limits used in this Study.
Marine Water Quality
74. A total of forty-eight (48) marine water samples were collected at eight (8) sampling points within the Zone of Study (ZOS). At each sampling point, samples were collected at three (3) depths, i.e. top (surface), middle, and bottom, and during both high and low tides. A total of thirty-four (34) parameters were analysed for each sample consisting of physical, organics, inorganics, metals and major cations, and microbiological compounds. In-situ measurements of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were also carried out for each sample.
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75. The marine water samples collected in the vicinity of the Project area fall within the classification of “Moderate” to “Excellent”, with Malaysian Marine Water Quality Index (MMWQI) ranging from 54 – 96. The MMWQI only provides a general indication of the quality of marine waters taking into account six (6) parameters, i.e. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Faecal Coliform (FC), Unionized Ammonia (NH3), Nitrate (NO3), Phosphate (PO4), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS).
76. Detailed assessment of the marine water quality analysis shows high levels of Faecal Coliform and Aluminium (Al) in most of the samples.
Air Quality
77. A total of three (3) air sampling points were selected within the ZOS. Six (6) air quality
parameters were analysed for each sample, namely Particulate Matter PM10, Particulate Matter
PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
78. Concentrations of particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 were found to be below the guideline limits of the Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard at all three monitoring stations A1, A2, and A3.
79. Inorganic gases and acid mists comprising carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and
ground level ozone (O3) were below the guideline limits at all the monitoring stations. Sulfur
dioxide (SO2) was found to be high at A1, but readings at A2 and A3 were generally low and within the guideline limit.
Noise and Vibration Levels
80. A total of three (3) sampling points were identified within the ZOS for the baseline sampling of noise and vibration levels. Noise and vibration levels were determined by 24-hours continuous measurement at the sampling locations.
81. During day time (7.00am – 10.00pm), the noise levels recorded were below the recommended permissible sound level of 65 dB(A) at two of the three sampling locations; at point NV3 which is near the Pulau Indah highway, the noise levels were slightly elevated. Noise levels during night time (10.00pm – 7.00am) recorded readings within the range of 47.4 – 59.7 dB(A) which are below the recommended noise level of 60 dB(A), at all the sampling locations.
82. In terms of vibration levels, the peak particle velocities of all the orthogonal axes were recorded at fairly low levels and are within the range of 0.127 – 1.90mm/s, all below the recommended maximum vibration velocity limit of 5mm/s.
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Biological Environment
83. The marine ecology assessment was focussed on macrobenthos, zooplankton, phytoplankton, fishes and invertebrates, including fishing and aquaculture activities, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), ballast water and alien species, mangroves and mudflats, and avifauna.
84. The status of the marine ecology in the vicinity of the Project site was established based on sampling, surveys, interviews with fishermen and relevant authorities, as well as from secondary data and references to past studies.
Macrobenthos
85. Macrobenthos was sampled using a Van Veen Grab at fifteen (15) sampling stations. The macrobenthic samples were collected in triplicate at each sampling station, pooled as a single sample, and sieved through a 500μ (0.5mm) sieve.
86. A total of 58 taxa were recorded from the sampling stations; the three (3) main phyla with respect to taxa richness were Annelida (19 taxa), Mollusca (16 taxa), and Arthropoda (14 taxa). The taxa density was highly variable ranging from 10.4 ind/m2 (Stomatopoda) to 16,052.1 ind/m2 (Amphipoda). The most abundant phyla was Arthropoda, followed by Sipuncula and Mollusca.
87. The Margalefs Index (D) was 5.49 indicating moderate taxa richness; the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) was 2.22 reflecting moderate diversity; and the Pielou (J) evenness index was low at 0.54 due to the dominance of Amphipoda. The values of the indices for taxa richness, density, and diversity obtained at the sampling stations, indicate high variability in the distribution of the macrobenthos around the Project site.
Zooplankton
88. Zooplankton was sampled utilizing a plankton net with a mesh size of 153 micron. Six (6) samples of zooplankton (preserved in 10% formalin) were collected by filtering 100L of surface seawater.
89. A total of 40 taxa were recorded from the sampling stations. The zooplankton community was represented by the Arthropoda (29 taxa constituting 87% of the zooplankton density), Cnidaria (3 taxa), Mollusca (2 taxa) and a taxa each for Bryozoa, Annelida, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, and Chordata. The Hexanauplia (copepods) were the dominant taxa constituting 81.4% of the zooplankton community with a taxa richness of 22. The dominant zooplankton were Parvocalanus crassirostris, Bestiolina similis, Oithona attenuate and Euterpina acutifrons.
90. The Margalefs Index (D) was 3.53 indicating low taxa richness; the overall Shannon-Wiener (H’) index of 2.78 indicate moderate diversity; whereas the overall Pielou (J) evenness index of 0.75
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is considered high. The taxa richness, density, and diversity suggest moderate variability of the zooplankton distribution within the sampling area. Comparisons with other studies indicate that the zooplankton community in the marine waters surrounding the Project site have typical species dominance by copepods with abundance values that are similar to other coastal areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, although the taxa richness is lower.
Phytoplankton
91. Phytoplankton was sampled using a 20 micron mesh size plankton net. Six (6) samples of phytoplankton (preserved in Lugol’s solution) were collected by filtering 100L of surface seawater.
92. A total of 36 taxa were recorded at the sampling stations represented by the phyla Ocrophyta (28 taxa constituting 99.5% of the phytoplankton density from the Class Bacillariophyceae), Myzozoa (4 taxa), Ciliophora (2 taxa), Cyanobacteria (1 taxa) and Euglenozoa (1 taxa). Among the Bacillariophyceae, the most abundant taxa is Skeletonema sp. constituting 95.7% of the phytoplankton. Nitzschia longissima, Nitzschia sp., Coscinodiscus sp., Biddulphia sp., Ditylum sp., Navicula sp., Pleurosigma sp., Rhizosolenia sp., Thalassiothrix sp., Cyclotella sp., and Skeletonema sp. were widely distributed among the sampling stations.
93. The Margalefs Index (D) was 3.01; overall Shannon-Wiener (H’) Index was 0.29; while the Pielou Index (J) was 0.08. The diversity and evenness indices were much affected by the extremely high density of Skeletonema sp. In comparing the results of the current study with past studies, the species distribution in the plankton community is similar, with dominance of Bacillariophyta, however there appears to be a decline in diversity and abundance.
Fisheries and Fishes
94. Two fishing districts closest to the Project site are the Klang and Kuala Langat districts; the Klang district has 24 jetties with 1,803 fishermen while the Kuala Langat district has 13 jetties with 667 fishermen (total = 2,470 fishermen).
95. Data from the Department of Fisheries (DOF) suggests that there is a significant number of artisanal fishermen operating within Zone A (0 – 8 nautical miles from the shore); the number of boats operating within Zone A is 434. The fishing area for the artisanal fishermen includes the coastal waters at the Project site, as well as the water ways/channels of the Klang Islands.
96. Among the LKIM fish landing sites, Pulau Ketam recorded the largest fish landing amounting to 91.6% as compared to other landing sites (such as Pandamaran, Pelabuhan Klang, Sijangkang/Simpang Telok). This can be expected since Pulau Ketam has a larger number of fishermen as well as greater number of fishing vessels.
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97. Fishes and invertebrates – 51 fish taxa from 26 families were recorded (through sampling and observations) from the Sg. Pinang and Orang Asli jetties situated at Pulau Indah. All the fish, prawns, and crabs landed have commercial value.
98. Recreational fishing – Recreational fishing is conducted mainly utilising rods (pancing) and the activity is carried out in the coastal waters and channels around Pulau Pintu Gedong, Pulau Selat Kering, Pulau Tengah, Pulau Klang, and Pulau Ketam.
99. Molluscs and crabs – There is also collection of gastropods and bivalves from the mudflats and mangroves of Pulau Carey and the Klang Islands. The shellfish collection is mostly carried out by the Orang Asli from Pulau Carey and Pulau Indah.
100. Aquaculture – The aquaculture activity closest to the Project site is located at the Klang Islands (cage culture), particularly in the channels between Pulau Ketam and Pulau Tengah; between Pulau Tengah and Pulau Klang; between Pulau Klang and Pulau Selat Kering, and at Kampung Melayu, Pulau Carey (pond culture).
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
101. Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) have been reported in the Malaysian coastal waters of Sabah, Sarawak, Johor, Kelantan, Perak, and Penang. Cysts of the HAB causing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum have been reported from the Selangor coastal waters, north of the Klang Islands (Bagan Nahkoda Omar, Sungai Besar, Sekinchan, and Kuala Selangor) but in very low densities; there have not been any reports of detrimental outbreaks of harmful algal blooms in the Selangor waters to date.
Ballast Water and Alien Species
102. Ballast water is pumped onboard marine vessels to maintain their stability at sea and to ensure safe operating conditions throughout a voyage. Ballast water can contain aquatic and marine microbes, plants and animals that are native in the source waters, and when released at certain destination, it could potentially introduce new invasive marine species to the receiving water body. There is, however, a lack of reporting on alien species movement by ships in Malaysian ports through ballast water.
Mangroves and Mudflats
103. Mangrove loss from anthropogenic activities for the Klang Islands has been substantial; Pulau Indah reportedly lost 6,258 ha of mangroves from 1975 to 1999, and currently the remaining mangroves exist only as fringing mangroves. Pulau Carey has also lost a bulk of its mangroves to oil palm plantations, whereas the adjacent islands of Pulau Ketam, Pulau Klang, Pulau Tengah, Pulau Che Mat Zin, Pulau Selat Kering, Pulau Selat Mahang, Pulau Selat Meriam, Pulau
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Rusa, Pulau Tonggok, and Pulau Pintu Gedong which are state forest reserves, are somewhat intact. There are also extensive mudflats bordering these islands.
104. Mangrove tree taxa of the Klang Islands is represented by 21 tree species from five (5) families. The tree taxa within the sampled transect of the mangroves south of Westports includes Avicennia alba, Brugueira gymnorhiza, Brugueira parviflora, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, Avicennia officinalis, and Xylocarpus sp.; these mangroves are disturbed as a result of tree cutting and clearance.
105. Eight (8) species of gastropods from four (4) families were found in the samples collected from the mangroves located at Pulau Indah south of Westports. The species richness of the gastropods at the Study site is low as compared to other mangroves on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. There is also low diversity of the gastropod community, although its density is comparable to the Pulau Klang mangroves. Besides gastropods, the mangrove fauna is also expected to include meiofauna and crabs.
106. The total carbon stock of the mangroves at the Project site was estimated at about 666,000 tonnes of C. The carbon stock estimation was determined based on a recent study on the mangroves of Sg. Chandong, Pulau Indah (which is about 10km to the north of the Project site). The mangrove community (tree structure and soil) at the Project site is expected to be similar to that at Sg. Chandong.
Avifauna
107. The mudflats and the mangroves stretching from the Klang Islands to Sungai Bernam (100 km) are important waterbird migratory sites of the North-Central Selangor Coast. Among the Klang Islands, Pulau Ketam and Pulau Tengah are important roosting and feeding sites for migratory birds.
108. 58 bird species have been listed from the Klang Island Mangrove Forest Reserve, and more than 30 shorebird species are known to frequent the coastline, some of which are listed in the IUCN globally threatened and near threatened species. The coastline also supports 1% of the global population of 16 waterbird species.
Terrestrial Fauna
109. The terrestrial fauna residing within the mangroves of the Project site, are expected to be similar to those of the adjacent mangroves of the Klang Islands, but the diversity and population numbers will be lesser due to the smaller habitat area and disturbed status.
110. Terrestrial fauna expected within the Klang Islands include two mammals that are protected, namely the Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and Common Palm Civet (Paradoxus
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hermaphroditus) and two that are totally protected, i.e. Dusky Leaf Monkey (Trachypethicus obscurus) and Oriental Small-clawed Otter (Amblonyx cinera). Other threatened mammals like the Smooth Otter (Lutrogale perspillata/Lutra perspicillata), Silvered-leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus cristatus/Presbytis cristata), and the Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) have been reported at the coastal areas of Selangor. The Common Long-tongued Fruit Bat (Macroglossus minimus), Cecadu gua (Eonycteris spelaea), Short-tailed Mongoose (Herpester brachyursu), and the Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis) have also been reported in the mangrove forests of the Klang Straits.
Human Environment
Land Use
111. The Zone of Study (ZOS) of the Project covers the entire Port Klang Free Zone (0km to 2.5km from the Project boundary), part of the Malay Reserve land in Pulau Indah (2.5km to 5km), and part of the palm oil plantation in Pulau Carey (2.5km to 5km). Two (2) settlements are located inside the ZOS namely Kg. Perigi Nenas in Pulau Indah and Perkampungan Orang Asli Sg. Kurau in Pulau Carey. Part of Kg. Sg. Kembong lies at the fringe of the 5km impact zone. Kg. Telok Nipah, Kg. Sg. Pinang and Kg. Orang Asli Pulau Indah along Sg. Chandong lie more than 6km and 9.2km respectively, northeast of the Project boundary.
112. Malay Reserve land takes up almost a third of Pulau Indah’s land area. Livelihood in the villages inside the Reserve is still dependent on agriculture (oil palm smallholdings, fruit orchards, vegetable plots), poultry farming and animal husbandry (cattle and goats), cottage industry, provision of homestay facilities, and coastal fishing.
113. The Project site straddles Lot 72778 and Lot 80379 and part of the offshore marine area facing Selat Klang. Lot 72778 and Lot 80379 are owned by Westports Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Lot 72778 is partly open grassland and partly covered with mangroves (about 97 hectares). During low tide, a short beach that is partly sandy and silty is exposed. Even though on private land and fenced, the beach is used (albeit illegally) by campers, recreational fishers and members of the public on weekends. Lot 80379 is largely submerged.
114. Land use 0km - 2.5km – Westports’ existing port facilities, Port Klang Free Zone (PKFZ), and Inai Kiara’s ship repair and maintenance centre are the major land uses located within this zone. About a third of the zone is vacant/idle grassland, partly government-owned and designated as a free trade zone, and partly land that has been approved for a combined-cycle gas turbine power plant; the vacant land is currently used as grazing land by cattle farmers from the village and occasionally for paragliding during the weekend. Angler’s Resort a privately-owned recreational area covering approximately 2 acres of land, is located at the south-eastern tip of this zone; the Resort is popular with local day trippers and fishing enthusiasts on weekends. Pantai Acheh a
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short sandy beach along the eastern shoreline, is another popular recreation area for local visitors and local fishers.
115. Land use 2.5km - 5 km – Agriculture is the prevalent land use activity and the main cultivated crop is palm oil, in smallholdings around Kg. Perigi Nenas, Kg. Sg. Kembong, Kg. Telok Nipah, and Kg. Sg. Pinang in Pulau Indah and in plantations (Sime Darby) in Pulau Carey. Cultivation of other crops and animal husbandry are on a small scale. Kg. Orang Asli Sg. Kurau, a Mah Meri settlement of about 71 households along the western coast of Pulau Carey, are primarily inshore fishermen and mollusc collectors along the river banks, mangroves, and mudflats. The zone is well connected through a combined network of State and local roads, although poor road conditions and high movement of container lorries is a concern expressed by the communities. Water, electricity supply, telecommunications and waste management facilities are available throughout Pulau Indah. The Pulau Indah Public Marina operated by Jabatan Laut Malaysia and the Peninsular Sailing Club a private sailing club, are located about 3.5km away from the Project site boundary.
Coastal Fishing
116. Coastal fishing used to be one of the mainstays of the local residents in Pulau Indah, however this has declined over the years. The majority of the fishermen in Pulau Indah and Pulau Carey are inshore coastal fishermen fishing in the water channels around the Klang Islands, Pulau Indah, and Pulau Carey. Almost all of them are licensed as Zone A fishermen due to the size of the boats, capacity of the outboard motor, and traditional fishing gear used; their fishing grounds are restricted to between 0 to 8 nautical miles outside the port limit.
117. The Orang Asli fishermen of Kg. Sg. Kurau are both inshore fishermen as well as coastal food resource harvesters, collecting horseshoe crabs, bivalves and gastropods along the river banks and mudflats during low tide as their main source of food and income. Their fishing grounds and marine resource harvesting areas are around Selat Lumut, the waters around Pulau Che Mat Zin Pulau Pintu Gedung, and Pulau Carey. The Orang Asli community are experiencing a significant decline in fish landings and coastal food resource collection, and this has forced the community to rely less on the sea for a living and look for alternative income sources. Only 44% of the Orang Asli Kg. Sg. Kurau community are full-time fishermen.
Demographic Profile
118. The population of Daerah Klang recorded a total of 891,200 persons in 2017, 65% of whom reside in Mukim Klang and the remaining 35% in Mukim Kapar. With respect to ethnic distribution, the Malay community accounted for 45%, 25% Chinese, 18.4% Indians, 0.5% Others, and 10.8% Foreigners. The age distribution recorded 24.2% under 15 years of age, 70.5% in the 15 to 64 age group, and 5.2% being 64 years and above. The working age
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population (15 – 64 years of age) in Daerah Klang and Mukim Klang at 70%, is higher than the national percentage (67%) for the country. The population of Daerah Klang is projected to increase at an annual average rate of 1.9% to about 1.25 million persons by 2035, with labour force projected to grow on an average growth rate of about 0.7% per annum; employment is projected to increase at an average annual growth rate of 2.8% attributed primarily to the induced effects of the industrial and port sectors.
119. Pulau Indah had a population of around 20,000 people in 2010 which had increased to about 35,988 persons in 2015; the increase is primarily due to the inflow of local workers from outside Pulau Indah to take up job and business opportunities provided by Westports, Port Klang Free Zone, Pulau Indah Industrial Park and the Halal Hub. The presence of local workers is especially evident in Kg. Perigi Nenas and Kg. Sg. Pinang, where vacant or idle land have been converted for development of small housing schemes for sale or for rent to workers.
Socio-Economic Profile
120. Pulau Indah is divided into two (2) distinct parts; the area located north, south, and west of Pulau Indah Highway (Route 181) is mainly industrial in character. There are also several government agencies including National Hydrographic Centre of Malaysia, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Customs Department, and Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency located here. In contrast, the area east of the Pulau Indah Highway is largely Malay Reserve land whose residents still subsist on agriculture (fruit and vegetable farming and animal husbandry), cottage industry, and fishing activities.
121. Pulau Indah’s economic growth is driven mainly by Westports and the industrial developments that are driven by the port activities. The direct and indirect multiplier effects that arise from the operation of the existing port and industrial parks in Pulau Indah include job creation, income generation, livelihood improvement, employment and business opportunities, and improvement or upgrading of local social amenities and services.
122. The local fishermen are potentially the community who will be directly and significantly impacted by the Project. To understand the socio-economic profile of the fishing community, a total of 73 fishermen from Pulau Indah, Pulau Carey, and Kuala Langat were randomly selected as respondents. The age profile of fishermen in Pulau Indah, Kuala Langat and Pulau Carey indicate that the traditional (coastal) fishing community is an aging community with a significant proportion being 55 years and above. The coastal fishing industry is expected to be dominated by older fishermen in the future and fishing for a livelihood is not the preference amongst the younger members of the working age population.
123. In terms of monthly income derived from fishing activity, 56.1% had incomes of between RM1,001 – RM2,000 per month, 28.8% with a monthly income of less than RM1,000, and 12.3%
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are in the RM2,001 – RM3,000 income group. Only 2.8% had incomes of between RM 3,001 – RM 4,000. The majority of the households (53.5%) have a monthly household income that ranges between RM 1,001 and RM 2,000, whilst 28.7% have a monthly household income of RM 1,001 and less. With this level of household income, the respondents are categorised under the bottom 40% of the B40 income group.
124. A large percentage of respondents has formal education (albeit basic in some respects). With training and re-skilling, some of these fishermen may have the opportunity to opt for alternative work.
Key Findings of the Public Perception Survey
125. Public perception of the proposed Project was established based on a sample survey of 350 respondents conducted between 12th and 16th March 2020. A total of five (5) focus group discussions (FGDs) were also held between January and March 2020 to brief on the proposed Project to key members of the affected communities, and obtain their feedback and opinions on what they perceive to be the main impacts on their community. Key informant interviews were conducted between December 2019 and March 2020 with institutional and other stakeholders, namely, the Department of Fisheries (DOF) Selangor, DOF Pelabuhan Klang, Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia (LKIM) Selangor, Majlis Perbandaran Klang (MPK), the Peninsular Sailing Club, part-time fishermen, operators of recreational fishing boats and rumah rakit or floating fish chalets, anglers and day trippers.
126. Project awareness – 67% of the 350 respondents indicated they were unaware of the Project whereas among the 73 fishermen from the focus group discussions, 55% indicated they were unaware of the Project.
127. Opinions on current problems faced by the community – Movement of heavy industrial traffic, traffic congestion, dangerous road junctions, and high accident rates along Route 181 were key concerns of more than 50% of the community. Infrastructure issues relating to poor road conditions, poor drainage system, occasional water supply disruption, and poorly managed solid waste disposal, concerned about 41% of the community.
128. Response towards the Project – About 73.3% of the residents indicated they would support the Project; reasons cited include employment opportunities, potential job and business linkages, prospects of improved income and livelihood to the community, and development impetus to the local community, Pulau Indah and the Klang region as a whole. In contrast, 35.7% of the fishermen group indicated disagreement with the Project, whilst 20.5% supported the Project, and 43.8% were uncertain. Opposition to the Project is based on their concern that the Project would affect their income and livelihood due to further destruction of the habitats and breeding grounds for fish and prawn fries, reduction in the area of their fishing ground, and the need to
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travel longer distance around the new port structure to access their fishing grounds. Those who support envisaged employment and business spillover effects, opportunity to migrate to alternative jobs, improvement to their livelihood, opportunity for younger members of the community to obtain relevant skills and training to participate in the activities of the port
Marine Traffic
129. Data on marine traffic pattern and route structure were gathered from coastal Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiving stations; AIS is an online 24-hour ship tracking system that provides information on vessel positions, speeds, and timing. A counting gate was set across the port entrance to Westports and Northport as a reference to form the baseline vessel route structure for the marine traffic analysis.
130. The annual throughput from April 2018 – March 2019 at Westports existing container terminals was recorded at a total of 9.8 million TEUs, comprising 7,146 ship calls. Approximately 76% of the total traffic are contributed by container ships, of which over 85% are between the length of overall (LOA) range of 100m – 300m, while the remaining are container ships contributed by LOA exceeding 300m.
131. Assessment of marine traffic was based on two main sources: records of ship calls and AIS data analysis. The assessment indicates comparable level of traffic volume of approximately 22 to 23 movements daily for each direction with an estimated average of 34.7 daily arrivals. The average travelling speed of vessels along the navigation channel is between 10 – 12 knots.
132. Fishing boats, although prohibited within the port limits, do sometimes criss-cross the navigational channels when sailing to and from their respective fishing grounds. Recreational fishing mainly conducted off privately owned boats, is also popular along the coastal areas including the waters in or near the Project site.
133. Port and marine services are available at the port to monitor all vessels entering, leaving, and navigating within the pilotage district of Port Klang and to enhance navigational safety. The services include a Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) and Central Port Control Centre operated and managed by the Port Klang Authority, pilots, mooring boats and tugboats, and Aids to Navigation (buoys and beacons).
134. The statistics of accidents or incidents at Westports for the past 17 years, show few cases and none involving personnel injury, fire, or pollution due to oil spill. Improved navigational facilities and experience has reduced the number of incidents in the last four years as compared with earlier years.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Land Traffic
135. Westports is connected to Pulau Indah Highway (Federal Route FT181) and Shah Alam Expressway (KESAS – E5) to the east. Persiaran Pulau Lumut provides connection between South Klang Valley Expressway (SKVE – E26) to the south and Pulau Indah Highway.
136. The existing traffic conditions on the surrounding road systems in the Study area were ascertained through visual reconnaissance survey as well as conducting traffic count surveys at critical locations where the impact of the development traffic is considered the greatest.
137. Road and junction inventories were established including carriageway width, number of lanes, and site constraints of the existing roads in the vicinity of the Project site. These road characteristics were used in estimating the carrying capacity of the roads. Performance of the existing roads were measured based on the volume to capacity (V/C) ratio and level of service (LOS).
138. The results of the roadway volume over capacity analysis indicate that the existing roads within the Study area in Pulau Indah, are currently operating at acceptable levels during morning and evening peak hour periods, except for the Pulau Indah Highway (Federal Route FT181) Road Section 6 eastbound direction, which is currently operating at near capacity during evening peak hours. The junction performance analysis indicated that the existing junctions within the Study area are also currently operating at acceptable levels of service except for the Pulau Indah Highway / Jalan Orkid 1 Priority Junction (J1) and Pulau Indah Highway / Jalan Perigi Nanas 7/1 Priority Junction (J3), during morning and evening peak hour periods. Based on the existing condition and traffic count survey, these junctions need to be upgraded to a signalised junction.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
139. The proposed expansion of Westports Phase II is expected to generate both beneficial and adverse impacts of varying degree to the environment. The environmental impacts which will potentially arise due to the implementation of the Project have been identified and evaluated in quantitative and qualitative terms from various aspects, i.e. magnitude, extent, duration, and significance.
140. The assessment of impacts undertaken in the Study takes into account the main Project activities that are expected to occur during the pre-construction, construction, as well as the operational and maintenance phases of the Project. For the potentially significant adverse impacts identified, mitigating measures which can alleviate and minimize the impacts to the environment are recommended.
141. The evaluation of key environmental impacts is described in Table ES 3.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Table ES 3 Summary of key Project activities, potential impacts and its sources, significance of impacts, proposed mitigation measures, and residual impacts
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Pre-Construction Phase
Generation of noise from the use Surveys and sampling works including Clearing of land and vegetation only topographic and bathymetric surveys, 1 of multispeed rotary boring Insignificant as areas where necessary. 7-6 machine. soil investigation study, sampling of Preliminary investigation works involved are not large and Cleared areas are expected to None anticipated. environmental components (marine activities are short term. revegetate naturally upon completion of Clearing of undergrowth and water, marine sediment, air, noise, and 2 survey works. 7-6 disturbance to faunal species. vibration).
Engagement with relevant agencies and Authority approval requirements such Potential delays in Project authorities, i.e. State Planning Committee Land matters and authority as application for conversion of land Significant to Project 3 implementation if approvals are (SPC) of Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan None anticipated. 7-7 approvals status and approval for reclamation of Proponent not obtained timely. Desa (JPBD) Negeri Selangor and State the marine waters. local council (Majlis Perbandaran Klang).
Construction Phase
Mangrove restoration or mangrove Irreversible replanting project should be carried out and with advice from an experienced team of permanent technical expertise comprising: loss of the The affected mangroves . Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung mangrove are disturbed and degraded Malaysia (JPSM) (Forestry ecosystem at due to past anthropogenic Department) to advise on the location the Project 4 Loss of mangrove ecosystem activities, however their and extent of the planting areas; site. Residual 7-8 loss will be significant to the . Forest Research Institute Malaysia impact can be organisms dependent on (FRIM) to advise on the techniques for offset with a the habitat. replanting; and successful replanting or . National Hydraulic Research Institute mangrove Clearing of mangroves Malaysia (NAHRIM) on restoration hydrodynamics for replanting. project. Proper planning for clearing of Loss in carbon A broad estimation of the mangroves and disposal of biomass, i.e. sequestration Land clearing, earthworks, and carbon loss from the timber from large trees should be due to the biomass disposal clearing of 97 hectares of commercially exploited where possible, clearing of the Biomass generation and loss of mangroves at the Project and smaller trees and branches can be mangrove 5 7-9 carbon sequestration site amounts to a loss of shredded for use as wood chips or other vegetation. 17,557 Mg C, with an similar products and used as bioenergy This can also emission of 64,408 Mg feedstock. The remaining vegetation be offset by CO2. which is not commercially viable will the replanting need to be disposed at a suitable site. program. Land clearing works should be planned and conducted in stages. Temporary and low Cleared areas should be worked upon No residual Removal of vegetation resulting in open significance provided immediately and not left open for an impact Increase in sediment and siltation barren land with exposed underlying construction works are extended period of time upon the 6 anticipated upon 7-10 of the receiving waters soil leading to surface runoff and soil properly managed and removal of mangroves. completion of erosion. mitigation measures are Slopes adjacent to marine waters must construction. implemented. be temporarily protected and lined with geotextile sheets to prevent erosion and silt washdown.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Accelerated soil erosion along the coastal areas leading to the increase in Temporary and low No residual total suspended solids (TSS) level and significance provided Implementation of best management impact Deterioration of marine water turbidity. construction works are practices (BMPs) and appropriate 7 anticipated upon 7-10 quality properly managed and mitigation measures for control of soil completion of Indiscriminate dumping of wastes mitigation measures are erosion and biomass disposal. construction. generated from land clearing and implemented. earthwork activities. Sand fill borrow area and spoil disposal Spillage or leakage of sand fill or spoil area shall be at authority-approved sites, material preferably located close to the Project site to reduce the distance travelled and lower the risk of contamination. No residual Low significance; The transportation of construction impact Deterioration of marine water occurrence of impact can 8 Discharge of bilge water materials should be properly planned and anticipated upon 7-11 quality be avoided with good managed with the aim to avoid spillage. completion of construction management. Any oil spillage must be contained construction. immediately, recovered, and disposed Oil and grease contamination from properly in accordance to the construction machineries Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005. Construction materials that are being Transportation of construction materials transported must be covered to prevent dispersion of fugitive dust. Access roads shall be paved. Dispersion of fugitive dust along public Low significance. The Installation of wash troughs at the roads and nearby residential areas Project site is located within a port and industrial area; entrances and exits of the Project site. 9 Decline in air quality the routes for construction Frequent cleaning of the wheels of None anticipated 7-12 Movement of construction Generation of dust plumes traffic are unlikely to pass construction vehicles. materials, vehicles, and by residential areas. Any Construction vehicles are required to machineries impacts will be short term. maintain speed limits of less than Exhaust emissions from construction 25km/h. vehicles Installation of temporary speed bumps along the access and public roads. Provision of hoardings and noise barriers at the boundary of the Project site. Regular maintenance of heavy vehicles. Frequent movement and use of heavy vehicles and machineries Appropriate fittings of noise-inducing machineries and equipment with mufflers Insignificant. The Project or silencers. site is located within a port and industrial area; the Transportation of construction materials routes for construction and equipment shall only be carried out 10 Higher intensity noise levels None anticipated 7-13 traffic are unlikely to pass during day time. by residential areas. Any Construction vehicles shall avoid Operation of machineries, i.e. dredgers, impacts will be minimal and residential and other noise-sensitive bulldozers, excavators, front loaders, short term. areas. and backhoes
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Proper scheduling of transportation of construction materials and machineries. Construction vehicles to avoid using certain stretches of public roads during weekends. Reduction of speed limits at specific sections of public roads shared by heavy vehicles. Erection of adequate warning signs at strategic locations to forewarn road users of the active movement of heavy vehicles and ongoing construction works. Deployment of flagmen to assist in movements of heavy vehicles. Implementation of road improvement projects by Kementerian Kerja Raya No residual (KKR) and road authorities will ease impacts are Low significance with anticipated Surge in number of vehicular traffic congestion, these include: Traffic congestion and increase in proper management of provided the road 11 movements along public roads, 7-14 traffic accident risks transportation schedules for . Widening of Federal Route 181 improvement particularly construction vehicles construction vehicles. Pulau Indah Highway; and projects by the . Proposed Pulau Indah Ring Road authorities are (PIRR) to improve traffic distribution implemented. in Pulau Indah. Other traffic management measures recommended include: . A separate motorcycle lane along Federal Route 181 Pulau Indah Highway; . Addressing non-functioning street lighting and road resurfacing to improve road safety; . Risk mapping exercise to identify dangerous stretches of roads to reduce the number of accidents; and Signalising priority junctions to improve junction management and traffic flow. Proper planning of the movement of Deployment of construction vehicles, construction machineries by the machineries, and equipment by sea appointed contractor. Ensure construction machineries and Increase in marine traffic and Low significance. The equipment are brightly lit and visible vessel movements along Selat number of construction especially during night time. Klang and Selat Lumut during the machineries to be deployed 12 construction phase. by sea during the Use of navigation buoys and markers to None anticipated 7-16 Transportation of construction demarcate working areas and marine construction stage is low materials, i.e. sand fill material from traffic routes to allow fishermen to go out and the movement of these Risk of incidents between fishing borrow areas to reclamation areas and to sea and return to their base safely. boats and construction vessels. unsuitable dredged material to the spoil vehicles will be temporary. disposal site Communication platform for periodic engagements between the fishermen and the Project Proponent to address any issues arising from the Project.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Moderate significance; Compensation dredging of the Eastern localised and temporary. Channel to prevent upstream flooding. Sediment spill model indicates increase in Shoreline monitoring to gauge the actual TSS of less than 5mg/L extent of sedimentation and erosion at the main sensitive issues along the western shore of Pulau Transport and dispersion of fine Carey, and to monitor the water depth of None anticipated Induced excess suspended sediment receptor (aquaculture sediment in the water column the Eastern Channel (Selat Lumut). upon completion concentration and sediment plume farms) located in Pulau 13 leading to increase suspended Sediment spill control through feedback of dredging and 7-65 excursion due to dredging and Selat Kering and Pulau sediment concentrations and monitoring during dredging works. reclamation reclamation activities. Che Mat Zin. sedimentation rates. Pulau Ketam is unlikely Monitoring of the concentration of works. to be affected by the suspended solids (TSS level) at sensitive sediment spill. receptors to determine the actual extent No cross-border impact of sediment dispersion; additional control is predicted during the measures to be deployed if TSS exceeds construction period acceptable levels. LD-P2M2s proposed include: . Stabilised Construction Access, Wash Trough, Temporary Earth Drain, Check Dam, Silt Fence, Gross Pollutant Trap and Sediment Basin. . Energy dissipaters in the form of riprap rocks shall be installed at the discharge outlet of Sediment Basins. Capital dredging, reclamation, Temporary stockpiles shall be located at and sand filling works least 20 m away from any waterway; the height of stockpiles shall not exceed 1.2m and shall be surrounded by a low Temporary; no Low erosion impact area; bund to control sedimentation. residual impacts Soil loss from reclamation area during the work site is located at 14 Soil erosion anticipated upon 7-65 various stages of land development flat terrain with low erosion Sediment basins shall be desilted completion of risk. according to a maintenance frequency program. works. Weekly inspection of all P2M2s; in addition, inspection shall be carried out after every rainfall episode to check the conditions of all BMPs; immediate remedial action to repair any damaged P2M2. Once reclamation works is complete, turfing by sporadic hand seeding of grass or creeper plants to provide cover for the bare land during the settlement period (about 2 years)
Sediment plume Proper selection of dredging equipment. Temporary; no modelling indicates residual impacts Dispersion of silt and sediment plumes Provision for silt curtains to be deployed Deterioration of marine water dispersion of sediment on marine 15 causing higher suspended solids and at the sensitive receptors if necessary. 7-86 quality will be localised to the environment turbidity immediate areas Phasing of dredging works to minimise upon completion surrounding the dispersion of sediment plumes. of works.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) proposed Project; the Use of hydraulic sand fill that has low silt estimated increase in and clay content that minimises Frequent movements and operations of suspended solids is only dispersion of sediment plumes. heavy machineries off-shore, i.e. TSHD about 5 to 10 mg/L 7-86 and CSD Installation of clean revetment rocks at which is fairly minimal for the edge of the reclaimed area and use marine waters. of geotextile filters beneath the rocks to The phasing of the prevent migration of sand particles dredging and through the gravel. reclamation works for Erection of perimeter and internal bunds the Project will be at the free trade zone (FTZ) area to carried out over a period contain fill materials and reduce of about twenty years; dispersion of sediment into the dredging and surrounding waters. Poor handling and possible spillage reclamation works is during the disposal of unsuitable contained within a Placement of all vehicles, tug boats, and 7-86 dredged material at the spoil site. relatively small area dredgers in special designated areas; during each sub-phase engines must be checked regularly for oil and this will have lesser and grease leakages and maintained on impact to the marine a scheduled basis. waters. Marine water quality monitoring shall be conducted on a weekly basis throughout the dredging and reclamation works. Significant loss of the Irreversible benthic communities loss of subtidal within the dredged area. and intertidal However, recovery of the mudflats at the benthic community post Loss of subtidal and intertidal habitats dredged 7-88 dredging and areas. reclamation, can be expected due to natural Impacts on the ecological succession. benthic communities Sediment plume with expected Excessive increase in sediments modelling predicts that Adoption of mitigation measures for the recovery and Disruption of marine ecosystem may smother mangroves, increase the water quality is not protection of marine waters (as outlined 16 attainment of a and fisheries activities sediment deposition on mudflats, expected to have above) will minimise impacts on marine new reduce dissolved oxygen, affect significant change in ecosystem. equilibrium water pH, reduce light penetration, terms of sediment loads, with possible and clog gills and filter feeding hence, the consequent changes to the mechanisms of marine organisms impact on the marine structure of 7-90 resulting in their lowered productivity. ecosystem is not the benthic expected to be Leakage of oil and grease from community. poorly maintained engines of marine significant. The impacts vessels will potentially contaminate will also be temporary Possible the coastal waters affecting its flora until the dredging and decline in fish and fauna. reclamation activities catch and cease. collection of
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) The hydraulic impact shellfish. assessment predicts increase in sedimentation along the Changes in the local currents may western coastline of cause sedimentation and/or erosion at Pulau Carey facing the neighbouring mangrove islands and Pulau Indah which will coastal areas, possibly affecting their slow down the rate of mangroves and the associated mudflats erosion; this will be beneficial to the 7-93 mangroves. Islands to the north will not be affected. Dredging and land reclamation can Any decline in fish have effects on fish catches and fish abundance may affect species abundance and diversity due to the livelihood of the removal of the nursery and spawning fishermen. habitats To maximise benefits to the local Residual Creation of new jobs during population, priority is to be given to the impacts are construction phase and generation of local workforce. mainly Socio-economic wellbeing, ‘spin-off’ businesses can create new Beneficial and slightly 17 The Project Proponent can extend skills beneficial. 7-94 employment, and business income-generating activities for the significant. training to the youths of the community to local community, which in turn will Only a small increase their chances of getting a enhance their income level. proportion of position in the Project. the population The Project contractors shall have to of the provide workers’ quarters that are of communities Dredging and reasonable standard and equipped with are actively reclamation works do not basic facilities for the workers. fishing. The require a big labour force Social conflict is not expected to occur or residual hence potential for social at worst will be minor. impacts to the conflict is low. affected Perception of social conflict and Construction and site facilities shall be Demand for local communities integration due to the inflow of foreign kept as far away from residential areas 18 Liveability of the community housing is likely to can be abated 7-95 workers into the Project site and the as practically feasible, in order to increase, resulting in and possibly surrounding areas. minimise contacts with the residential higher rental and receive better enclaves. property value; this will acceptance enhance the income and Establish a platform for communication towards the livelihood of the local between the local communities, the Project with property owners. Project Proponent and its contractors to the adoption of address any social conflicts as well as to some or all of ensure all rulings are enforced. the proposed
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Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) To compensate for loss of livelihood of the mitigation fishing community, the following measures measures. are recommended: Loss of fishing and breeding grounds Assist the fishermen in upgrading their for fish and prawns, the need to find boats, engine capacity, fishing alternative fishing grounds, and equipment, and safety gadgets, etc incurrence of higher fuel cost as the fishermen have to go a longer Offer younger members of the fishing community an opportunity to migrate Livelihood of the fishing distance to circumvent the 19 from the fishing sector to jobs in the 7-96 community construction site and activities. port. The loss of mangroves and mudflats at the Project site will impact on the Restore habitats through mangrove ability of the Orang Asli to collect replanting. marine food resources from this Introduce fish and prawn hatcheries or area. re-stocking programme. Consider eco-tourism such as recreational or sport fishing as an alternative income source and livelihood. Upstream flooding is unlikely as there are no predicted changes to water levels along Sg. Klang and Sg. Langat. Erosion rates are expected to reduce which may be beneficial Concerns of the communities over to the mangrove habitats flash floods upstream along Selat and marine resource Impacts due to environmental changes are Environmental changes, Lumut; erosion along the western harvesting sites along minor; some beneficial impacts derived from 20 geographical processes, and coast of Pulau Carey; reduced the western shoreline of reduced erosion along Pulau Carey 7-96 impact on land use marine water quality; and removal of Pulau Carey. shoreline and land use changes in the surrounding areas. mangroves and mudflats. Impact on the land use of areas surrounding the Project site will be positive due to stimulation of development and rejuvenation of abandoned housing and commercial projects.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Impacts are of low significance. Emissions from the exhaust of the dredgers are expected to be dispersed since the Dredgers should be equipped with noise Operations of dredging and dredging areas will be enclosures and sound proofed to reduce reclamation machinery and located off-shore and the exposure of noise. equipment are expected to generate The impacts away from sensitive air and noise disturbances in the Heavy machineries, particularly the relating to air receptors. dredgers must be checked and quality and noise Decline in air quality and vicinity of the Project area. 21 Angler’s Resort, being maintained regularly to ensure that they will be temporary 7-101 increased noise level During the consolidation and the nearest receptor to are working in optimum condition. and localised. No settlement period, the reclaimed land the Project boundary, is residual impacts will be bare and exposed, which Newly reclaimed areas should be active mainly during are expected. could lead to dispersion of dust to vegetated immediately upon weekends when the surroundings. consolidation to minimise the potential for construction activities dust generation. are minimal; other receptors are more than 2.5km away from the Project site. Select appropriate equipment for the pile driving works that causes less Resuspension of sediment due to disturbance to the seabed and best marine piling works and soil erosion management practices to reduce from reclaimed areas resulting in sediment plumes. Impacts on increased suspended solids and marine water turbidity levels in the marine waters. Regular maintenance of construction quality due to the machineries can minimise the potential construction Potential for oil leakage from barge- Impacts will be of low Deterioration of marine water for oil leakage. activities will be 22 mounted or pontoon-mounted significance with good 7-103 quality Ensure that construction materials, i.e. temporary and equipment positioned in the sea. construction management. stockpiles are placed as far as possible localised. No Oil spillage and leakage from from the nearby waterways. residual impacts landside equipment and machineries post construction, washed down into the marine waters. In the event of oil spillage in the waters, floating boom which is made of are anticipated. Indiscriminate waste discharged into Construction of port structures adsorbent materials should be deployed the sea. and terminal facilities immediately at the periphery of the affected area to contain the spill. Impacts will be of low Adoption of mitigation measures for the No residual Potential deterioration in marine water significance with good protection of marine waters (as outlined 23 Disruption to marine ecosystem impacts quality. construction above) will minimise impacts on marine management. ecosystem. anticipated. Heavy construction vessels may interfere with the fishermen moving 7-104 to their fishing grounds potentially Minor significance Strict safety protocols to be adhered to No residual 24 Socio-economic impacts increasing accidents and conflicts. affecting a small group by construction vessels to prevent impacts The completion of site reclamation of fishermen. mishaps and accidents. anticipated. would require the fishermen to travel further to new fishing grounds.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Planning construction activities according to approved methods of construction. Regular wetting of stockpiles, exposed, and uncompacted areas. Construction materials that are being Entrainment of loose construction transported must be covered to prevent materials into the ambient air during Air quality impacts will dispersion of fugitive dust. The impacts transport, loading and unloading, etc. be localised within the Project area and short Construction vehicles to avoid traversing relating to air Exhaust emissions from the quality and noise Decline in air quality and term. through residential areas. 25 operations of construction will be temporary 7-104 increased noise levels Noise generated from machineries and equipment Wash troughs to be provided at the and localised. No piling works will be contributing to air quality entrances and exits of the Project site. residual impacts intermittent and short deterioration. Construction vehicles are required to are anticipated. term. Noise nuisance from piling works. maintain speed limits of less than 25km/h. Noise barriers to be provided where necessary. Noise acoustic enclosures and piling jackets could be used to absorb noise during the piling works. Construction items if not removed Construction materials should be re-used upon completion of works, can pose as far as possible. Safety and health issues; impact safety problems and health related Insignificant; temporary and No residual Demobilization of construction Debris must be properly disposed. 26 on air quality and noise levels at issues such as proliferation of pests localised to within the impacts are 7-106 site the Project site in the area. Project site. Site improvement works such as anticipated. Dust dispersion and increased noise reinstating access roads to pre-Project level during the removal activity. conditions or better.
Operational and Maintenance Phase Water levels – changes are not significant; no regional impact predicted; no changes in Residual maximum upstream impacts on water levels in Sg. Klang water levels, flushing and Sg. Langat, hence Increase in sedimentation rate at the capacity, upstream flooding is Southern Access Channel will be dealt currents, and unlikely. Minimal with by the regular maintenance dredging waves will be Changes to hydraulics and Extension of the terminal structure increase in water levels that is part of the normal port operations. Permanent extension of port at Angler’s Resort. minimal and 27 hydrodynamics in the vicinity of protruding further out into the Straits of Sedimentation at the shores of Pulau 7-107 structure and terminal facilities localised in the the Project site Malacca. Flushing capacity – no Carey is beneficial to the mangrove vicinity of the impact to flushing habitat and the port expansion will Project area. capacity of Selat Lumut. provide some level of protection to the No significant shore. Current flows – localised regional changes within the residual Project area; no impacts are significant regional anticipated. impacts; slight reduction in currents predicted at Angler’s Resort.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7)
Waves – localised within the Project area. Sedimentation/erosion rates – localised increase rates in the vicinity of the Project site. No regional changes predicted. Increase in sedimentation rates in the Southern Access Channel, Angler’s Resort and the western shore of Pulau Carey.
Widening of navigation channel along Selat Klang for a clear traffic separation scheme. Implementation of Passage Plan Approval System (PPAS) which permits real-time forecasting of marine traffic The proposed Project do movements based on the updates of the not present any hazard that Vessel Traffic Management System would be detrimental and (VTMS). unacceptable to the safe Implementation of a centralized port navigation of vessels in the management system will assist in South Channel of Port increasing the port efficiency and reduce Klang port limits and the collision risk potential between vessels. surrounding waters. Improvement and enhancement of Vessel Traffic Management System Full Mission Shiphandling (VTMS). Simulation (FMSS) study Increase in marine traffic and rise in Marine traffic congestion and validates the layout of the Identification and tracking of vessels by Tolerable and Movement of shipping vessels numbers of large shipping vessels upon 28 increase in the risk of collision Westports Expansion with their “call signs” for the scheduling of broadly 7-144 within the port limits commencement of operations of between vessels. regards to safe ship transit, arrival and departure of shipping vessels. acceptable risk Westports Phase II. approach, manoeuvring, Increase the number of pilots, tugs, and berthing, unberthing and pilot boats to cope with marine traffic departure operations for the demands when all the container design vessels. terminals are operational. Proposal to shift pilot boarding ground Of the nine (9) types of further to sea for large vessels. hazard and hazardous Installation of two (2) additional buoys to events identified, only two indicate extension or widened entrance were assessed as having of the channel. an unacceptable level of risk. Continuous keeping of a good lookout of vessels and fishing boats to prevent collision. Use of fluorescent painting on marker buoys and lightings. Survey the operational area and mark areas with grounding risk.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) The Malaysia Shipping Notice MSN Existing marine water 07/2017 requires vessels that use ballast quality in the Port Klang water originating from outside of With good Expected decline in water quality due area has not shown Malaysian waters to have an approved management and to (i) discharge of ballast water from significant decline ballast water and sediments enforcement of vessels; (ii) accidental spillage hence, impacts due to management plan. compliance by Deterioration of marine water shipping vessels, 29 and/or indiscriminate release of oil increased movement of Good management and enforcement of 7-184 quality residual impact and fuel; and (iii) general shipping shipping vessels and proper procedures by navigating vessels on marine waters movement, port, and other ongoing port operations arising and port operators to minimise can be kept activities in the surroundings. from Westports Phase II incidences of oil spills. A National Oil within acceptable is expected to be of Spill Contingency Plan is available to levels. moderate significance. contain and control the dispersion of oil in the seawaters. Potential introduction of invasive and No known records of Mitigation measures for protection of the alien aquatic species to the marine invasive and alien marine waters will mitigate impacts on ecosystem; aquatic species in the Minor residual marine ecosystem. impacts expected Decline in water quality and seabed marine ecosystem of 30 Disturbance to marine ecosystem International Maritime Organization with adoption of 7-188 sediment quality, marine noise Peninsular Malaysia. (IMO) has a set of guidelines to mitigate mitigation pollution and vibration impacts of Impacts to marine and manage underwater noise and measures. navigating vessels may affect marine ecosystem expected to vibration. species be of low significance. Only a small population of the communities are actively fishing. Residual impacts to the affected The fishing community Fishermen will likely have to travel communities can dependent on fishing further out to sea; possible decline in Mitigation measures recommended for be abated and and marine resource Socio-economic impacts on fish catch due to increased the construction phase will be applicable possibly receive 31 collection will be the 7-189 fishing community disturbance to the marine during the operational phase. better most adversely affected environment. acceptance stakeholders. towards the Project with the adoption of some or all of the proposed mitigation measures. Results of water quality monitoring before, during Maintenance dredging should be and after Results of hydraulic carefully planned and scheduled during maintenance modelling predicts the suitable weather conditions to minimise dredging by PKA, Maintenance dredging of Deterioration in marine water Re-suspension of sediments in the impact of maintenance sediment plume dispersion. indicate no 32 7-190 navigation channel quality vicinity of the dredged areas. dredging on the marine Use of proper dredging equipment for the significant water quality will be execution of maintenance dredging change to water short term and localised. works can help reduce the extent of quality due to the sediment dispersion. dredging works. Hence residual impacts if any will be minor.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Some residual impacts on the benthic habitats expected, but not Impacts will be similar to of high those identified under significance. Due to stirring of the seabed and Mitigation measures to reduce sediment the capital dredging and Maintenance expected generation of sediment dispersion will reduce impact on marine 33 Disturbance to marine ecosystem reclamation works but to dredging is a 7-195 plume in the water column. ecosystem. a lesser extent and of regular activity low significance. taking place about once in every two years, contained within the navigation channel. Population density expected to increase due to inflow of locals from outside Pulau Indah for employment and business opportunities from the Population growth generated by the expanded port activities. Project is expected to create demands 7-198 Change in demographic character to on community services and amenities. one that is more diverse, significantly Inflow of Malaysian Local and State agencies and utility younger, higher educational workers allows for easier service providers, to project the attainment, higher income earners, integration with the local additional demand requirements and and have more disposable income. residents and minimises address the additional facilities and Socio-economic aspects: Port development will generate a any fear or perception of services required. Port terminal operations Changes in demographic significant number of direct and erosion of traditional Job recruitment, training and up-skilling Loading and unloading character Project-induced employments values and culture. programmes provided to the local activities including employment by the port Livelihood – employment and Beneficial impact to local community with the aim to grow the and employment created by Storage of containers business opportunities economy due to port’s workforce and capability from 34 downstream services and Maintenance of port facilities Liveability – housing, increase in employment within the community and increase businesses. and equipment infrastructure, utilities, and opportunities, creation of workforce participation of the Orang Asli Multiplier and spillover effects are community. Generation and handling of amenities downstream services anticipated at the local, regional and 7-199 port wastes Geographical process – impact and businesses, Investors may use the Project as an national level. on land use increased spending opportunity to develop in the areas Rise in demand for housing and power and consumer surrounding the Project site; long term rental accommodation from inflow of spending; high beneficial planning for utilities and community workers. impact at regional and services and amenities is needed to national level. cater for such increases. Increase in rental and property values, particularly in Pulau Indah Regulation and control of development to and Port Klang. ensure that the overall development trend and building density is sustainable. Surrounding land use likely to benefit, giving rise to development of new housing, industry, and 7-200 businesses.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Vehicles/equipment must be regularly maintained. Drainage sumps should be provided with grease traps/ oil interceptors at strategic locations. Any leaks or spills on port surfaces or in the workshop, shall be immediately contained and appropriately cleaned; Port terminal operational activities waste oils and chemicals, including any may cause dispersion of fugitive material used for the clean-up shall be dust, generation of noise, potential Air quality, noise and handled and discarded as scheduled Other minor impacts: spillage or leakage of oil No residual water quality impacts will waste. 35 Air quality, noise level, marine contaminants to be flushed into the impacts 7-198 not be significant. water quality sea during rainy periods; generation Excessive noise generated from engines anticipated. of scheduled waste from in the workshops can be mitigated by maintenance workshops. placing noise enclosures. Scheduled wastes generated from port maintenance works must be handled and stored in a dedicated location with proper containment and labelling of wastes, in accordance with Westports’ Standard Operating Procedure for the handling, management, and safe disposal of wastes generated at the port terminals. Road upgrading from 2-lane to 3-lane dual carriageway road at Jalan Kem and Pulau Indah Highway (Year 2028) and SKVE Highway-Pulau Indah Highway Roads leading to and (Year 2038). from the Project area are expected to have higher Implementation of the planned Pulau volume of heavy vehicle Indah Ring Road (PIRR) by the Ministry traffic upon of Works (KKR). Expected increase in number of commencement of port Road widening of Pulau Indah Highway Movement of trucks and land Increase in land traffic and 36 container trucks due to the port operations. eastbound direction from 2-lane to 3- 7-201 vehicles associated traffic risks expansion. With road widening and lane. upgrading, all road Road widening of Jalan Kem southbound sections are expected to direction from 3-lane to 4-lane. operate at acceptable Upgrading of junctions from priority level of service, ranging junction to signalised junction. from LOS A to LOS D. Improvement of junctions by adding additional lane for left turn movement, signal phasing modification, and lane marking.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
Reference Page Residual No. Project Activities Potential Impacts Source of Impacts Significance of Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures in EIA Report Impacts (Chapter 7) Impacts will be insignificant; the Project is within a highly developed and established port and Residual impacts relating to air industrial zone. To minimise impacts to ambient air quality Decline in air quality and increase Increased movement of container quality and noise 37 The movement of trucks due to exhaust emissions, container trucks 7-242 in noise level trucks. level, if any, will to and from the port will shall be regularly maintained. be minimal and be on major roads and insignificant. highways, and are not expected to pass through residential areas.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
142. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides information, guidance and instruction for engineering designers, construction management team, contractors, related authorities, and the Project Proponent to ensure that appropriate management strategies and action plans necessary to protect the environment and to minimize environmental impacts are included in the implementation of the Project.
143. The EMP prepared as part of this EIA report provides a broad framework of systematic procedures for managing the environmental risks associated with the Project. The EMP shall be developed further during the next stage of works when more detailed information is available in relation to design and construction methodologies. The EMP must be developed in conjunction with the planning and coordination of the construction works so that relevant control measures can be suitably implemented at the appropriate time and place in order to be most effective.
144. The EMP shall include the organizational responsibilities for environmental management for all parties involved including the Project owner, supervising consultant, and contractors, as well as a system for monitoring the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and for checking compliance against regulatory requirements, standards and government policies.
145. Pollution prevention and mitigation measures (P2M2) shall be put in place with the aim to achieve the targeted environmental compliance criteria. Control plans have been established for the main aspects of the environment likely to be affected by the Project; the control plans include: marine water quality (including sediment spill), LD-P2M2, waste management, marine traffic, social impact management, noise and air quality. These control plans are given as a general guide for the establishment of the detailed P2M2s to mitigate the anticipated Project impacts.
146. Environmental Performance Monitoring Committee (EPMC) is recommended to be established by the Project Proponent to monitor the environmental performance and effectiveness of P2M2s, and the status of regulatory compliance of the Project by the appointed contractor.
147. An environmental monitoring programme is provided as a check that the project activities are undertaken in a safe and environmentally sustainable manner.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
148. The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) provided in this Report relates to the main types of emergencies that may potentially arise during the construction phase of the Project and to serve as a framework for the development of a detailed ERP by the appointed contractor.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
149. The ERP for the operational phase has been established by Westports for emergency situations relating to port operations. The ERP for port operations details the procedures and responsibilities for the full cycle of handling emergencies at the port, maintaining an Emergency Response Team, conducting necessary drills for emergency preparedness, and a reporting structure for emergencies.
150. The major emergencies that could arise at the Project site during the construction phase include fire/explosion, leakage/spillage of fuels or chemicals, personal injury/fatality due to accidents during the use of construction vehicles/equipment, and drowning. Typical emergency response procedures are provided for these main emergency situations
151. The responsibilities of personnel in the events of emergencies and the reporting requirements shall be clearly outlined in the contractor’s organisation structure to enable immediate and appropriate response to be carried out in the event of occurrence of the emergencies.
152. An accident investigation and reporting procedure shall be established at the Project site to identify the causes of accidents on site in order to prescribe and implement suitable actions to eliminate or avoid further occurrence of similar incidents.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
153. This EIA Report has identified the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed expansion of container terminals CT10-CT17 at Westports throughout the development and operational phases.
154. From the findings of the impacts evaluation, no significant impacts are anticipated from the activities during pre-construction phase.
155. For the construction phase, key Project activities with the potential to cause adverse impacts include land clearing and earthworks; movement of construction materials, vehicles and machineries; capital dredging and reclamation works; as well as construction of port structures and terminal facilities.
156. Impacts that have been identified include the loss of mangroves and disruption to marine ecosystem, changes in hydraulics and hydrodynamics, soil erosion, deterioration of marine water quality, socio-economic issues and concerns, increase in marine and land traffic volume, as well as general social disturbances due to air quality and noise level impacts. These impacts can be mitigated by implementing specific and focused mitigation measures. The construction works of the proposed Project will take place over a period of thirty (30) years, commencing from 2021 until 2050, hence there will be temporal distribution for the impact level of some environmental components.
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Westports Phase II Development – Proposed Expansion of Container Terminal CT10-CT17 and Its Associated Works at Westports Pulau Indah Selangor Executive Summary
157. For the operational and maintenance phase of the Project, activities that are expected to bring about impacts to the environment include the permanent extension of the port structure protruding further out into the Straits of Malacca, projected increase in the movement of shipping vessels within the port limits, maintenance dredging of the navigation channel, day-to-day operations at the port terminals, and increased movement of land vehicles. With good management and adoption of appropriate mitigating measures, these impacts can be reduced to acceptable levels.
158. Beneficial impacts generated from the proposed Project development is highly significant and include:
a. Boosting the economic growth of the nation and the state due to the increase in maritime trade and related hinterland industries and businesses.
b. Increased employment and business opportunities for the locals, leading to improved wellbeing of the residents in Pulau Indah.
159. Residual impacts from the Project include the irreversible loss of mangroves, together with the subtidal and intertidal mudflats. However, the affected mangroves are disturbed from past anthropogenic activities and the loss will not have major consequences on overall mangrove biodiversity or on the conservation status of specific species. A mangrove replanting programme is recommended which will offset and possibly enhance mangrove biodiversity if the exercise is successful.
160. Other residual impacts identified are of lesser significance and include increase in sedimentation rates which will be managed by maintenance dredging, projected rise in marine traffic along the navigation channel, and impact on social communities particularly fishermen who will need to travel a further distance for their fishing activities. Given the predominantly positive response of the local inhabitants and fishermen towards the Project, the overall socio-economic impacts are assessed to be of moderate significance.
161. The findings from the EIA have shown that the Project is of major beneficial significance to the national and state economy.
162. Potentially adverse impacts and risks associated with the Project can be lowered to acceptable levels if the Project development and operational activities are carried out with proper planning and management, and with the implementation of appropriate and practical mitigation measures and controls.
163. This Project is deemed to be viable and can be implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner with acceptable environmental impacts and risks.
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