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Schema D'amenagement Regional De Mayotte

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Schema D'amenagement Regional De Mayotte Schéma d’Aménagement Régional de Mayotte Rapport final – volume I SCHEMA D’AMENAGEMENT REGIONAL DE MAYOTTE VOLUME I – DIAGNOSTIC TERRITORIAL Octobre 2012 1/106 Schéma d’Aménagement Régional de Mayotte Rapport final – volume I SOMMAIRE SOMMAIRE .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 Chapitre I – Les objectifs du sar et son articulation avec d’autres documents ou programmes......................................................................................................9 1 Le contenu du SAR ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 1.1 Le dispositif législatif........................................................................................................................................................................................................10 1.2 Le dispositif réglementaire...............................................................................................................................................................................................10 2 La Valeur juridique du SAR et son articulation avec les autres normes, documents et programmes....................................................................................13 1.3 Une position élevée dans la hiérarchie des normes........................................................................................................................................................13 2.1.1 Les normes s’imposant au SAR ..................................................................................................................................................................................13 2.1.2 Les normes du même niveau que le SAR...................................................................................................................................................................14 2.1.3 Les normes qui doivent être compatibles avec le SAR ...............................................................................................................................................14 1.4 Un document en interaction avec les programmes de l’Etat, des collectivités territoriales, leurs établissements publics et leurs services ..................15 1.5 Les effets du SAR sur l'ouverture à l'urbanisation...........................................................................................................................................................15 3 Quel bilan pour le Plan d’Aménagement et de Developpement durable ?..............................................................................................................................17 4 Principaux objectifs du SAR.....................................................................................................................................................................................................19 5 L’organisation générale du rapport ..........................................................................................................................................................................................20 6 L’organisation de l’évaluation environnementale .....................................................................................................................................................................21 Chapitre II – Diagnostic ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 1. Un territoire insulaire du Détroit du Mozambique.....................................................................................................................................................................23 1.1 Un emplacement stratégique au sein de la zone de l’Océan Indien...............................................................................................................................23 1.2 Un territoire exigu structuré par des barrières montagneuses ........................................................................................................................................24 1.3 Un climat tropical .............................................................................................................................................................................................................26 1.3.1 Des paysages urbains et industriels en expansion .....................................................................................................................................................27 2. Le Cadre humain et social : une croissance démographique forte dans une société en cours de transformation .................................................................30 Octobre 2012 2/106 Schéma d’Aménagement Régional de Mayotte Rapport final – volume I 2.1 la croissance démographique se poursuit malgré un certain ralentissement .................................................................................................................31 2.2 Ménages et modes de vie : une société en pleine évolution...........................................................................................................................................36 2.3 Une situation sociale qui reste préoccupante..................................................................................................................................................................38 2.3.1 Une faible population active et des emplois concentrés sur le Bassin de Mamoudzou..............................................................................................38 2.3.2 Un taux de chômage élevé qui représente un enjeu de taille pour les années à venir...............................................................................................38 2.4 L’accès à la santé,, l’éducation et aux sports..................................................................................................................................................................43 2.4.1 Un accès au soin en voie d’amélioration mais toujours insuffisant .............................................................................................................................43 2.4.2 Le retard scolaire en cours de résorption....................................................................................................................................................................46 2.4.3 Le sport et la culture ........................................................................................................................................................................................................49 2.5 L’habitat, le logement : répondre aux enjeux de la croissance démographique .............................................................................................................50 2.5.1 Données générales......................................................................................................................................................................................................50 2.5.2 Les Mahorais sont propriétaires ..................................................................................................................................................................................50 2.5.3 L’amélioration des conditions de logement et le développement de l’habitat précaire...............................................................................................51 2.5.4 Les politiques de l’habitat ............................................................................................................................................................................................52 2.6 Les activités économiques ..............................................................................................................................................................................................55 2.6.1 Principales caractéristiques de l’économie de Mayotte...............................................................................................................................................55 2.6.2 Le secteur primaire......................................................................................................................................................................................................57 2.6.3 Le secteur secondaire .................................................................................................................................................................................................62 2.6.4 Le secteur tertiaire.......................................................................................................................................................................................................63 3. Un territoire marqué par la polarisation de la population, des activités économiques et des services ...................................................................................66 3.1 La croissance de la tâche urbaine...................................................................................................................................................................................66 3.2 Un centre
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