African Postal Heritage

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

African Studies Centre Leiden African Postal Heritage APH Paper Nr 35

Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon, with information used from Olivier Bergossi

Mayotte

January 2019

Introduction Postage stamps and related objects are miniature communication tools, and they tell a story about cultural and political identities and about artistic forms of identity expressions. They are part of the world’s material heritage, and part of history. Ever more of this postal heritage becomes available online, published by stamp collectors’ organizations, auction houses, commercial stamp shops, online catalogues, and individual collectors. Virtually collecting postage stamps and postal history has recently become a possibility. These working papers about Africa are examples of what can be done. But they are work-in-progress! Everyone who would like to contribute, by sending corrections, additions, and new area studies can do so by sending an email message to the APH editor: Ton Dietz ([email protected]). You are welcome!

Disclaimer: illustrations and some texts are copied from internet sources that are publicly available. All sources have been mentioned. If there are claims about the copy rights of these sources, please send an email to [email protected], and, if requested, those illustrations will be removed from the next version of the working paper concerned.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

Ton Dietz is co-editor of the African Postal Heritage Papers, and author of many APH papers so far.

Daniel Allançon is the initiator of the website http://marcophiliedaniel.blogspot.com/2013/01/archipel-des-comores-larchipel-des.html

Olivier Bergossi is the initiator of the website www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie, and http://stamps-africa.com. He also wrote “Comores Indépendantes – Mayotte. Histoire Postale et Philatélie 1975-2015 (Paris: ColFra 2016; 388pp).

African Studies Centre Leiden P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands

Telephone +31-71-5273372 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.ascleiden.nl Facebook www.facebook.nl/ascleiden Twitter www.twitter.com/ascleiden Countryportal http://countryportal.ascleiden.nl

Illustrations cover page: ASC Leiden postage stamp Nederland (2011): ©African Studies Centre Leiden Cape of Good Hope postage stamp 1853: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cape_Triangular_Postage_Stamp.jp g/400px-Cape_Triangular_Postage_Stamp.jpg Egypt postage stamp 1914: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Post_Stamp_Egypt.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

Table of Contents

1. Mayotte 1841-1912 4 1.1. Introduction 4 1.2. Postal services 1841-1892 4 1.3. Postage stamps 1892-1912 17 2. Mayotte after 1975 36 2.1. Introduction 36 2.2. Postal services in 1975-1979, the early years 39 2.3. Postal services between 1979 and 1997 49 2.4. 1997-2001: ‘collectivité territoriale’ with own postage stamps 63 2.5. 2002-2011: ‘collectivité départementale with own postage stamps 77 2.6. Postal services after 2011, as part of France 101 3. Postmarks of Mayotte illustrated in APH 35 (and 34) 109 4. A Note on sources 112

Annex 1: Postmarks used in Mayotte after 1975, according to Olivier Bergossi’s ‘Histoire Postale et Philatélie Comores Indépendantes – Mayotte’ 114

For the other Comores see APH34 and for the T.A.A.F. (Territoires Australes et Antarctiques Françaises) see APH36.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

Introduction

The Archipel of the Comores consists of four major islands and a few small ones. During the 19th Century Mayotte, Anjouan, Grande Comore and Mohéli became French territories, until 1911 each with their own postage stamps, then administered as part of Madagascar, and from 1946 as a separate colonial entity again, with postage stamps as ‘Archipel des Comores’ between 1950 and 1975. In 1975 three islands declared their Independence from France, but Mayotte decided to remain part of France. For the other Comoran territories (both before 1912 and after 1975) see APH34. 1. Mayotte, 1841-1912

1.1 Introduction

“Mayotte, consisting of the islands Grande-Terre (24 miles by 14 miles) and Petite-Terre ( 4 square miles), is located between Madagascar and Mozambique in the Mozambique Channel of the Indian Ocean”. http://bigblue1840-1940.blogspot.com/2013/12/ClassicalStampsofMayotte.html

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- 5K66lyjKEX0/Ue1yLhkJ5II/AAAAAAAAQTk/UYjrSV6mnQk/s320/map_of_comoros-and-mayotte.jpg

French colony since 1892. “Mayotte was the first Comorian island to fall under French influence at the beginning of the 1840s. It was the French administrative and postal center in the archipelago. Between 1911 and 1975, Mayotte's postal history is the same as the other Comoros: part of the Madagascar colony, then part of the Comoros Archipelago overseas territory”. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Mayotte

1.2 Postal services 1841-1892

Prior to 1892: “Mayotte became a French colony when commandant Passot bought the island from sultan Andriantsouli, at the beginning of the 1840s. Few letters posted before 1900 in Mayotte or the

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

Comoros are known: the oldest came from Mayotte in December 1850 and do not bear a postage stamp. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Mayotte

http://p1.philaworld.de/FILE/GPKATAUK/1D/D6/1DD61E/s587663.jpg : “1864, French Colonies Eagle 40 c. orange and vertical strip of three tied by diamont of dott to folded letter (dated Longoni 14.11.) with adjacent cds. "MAYOTTE 17.NOV.64" and red boxed "PD" to Nantes with arrival mark, stamps mostly with good margins, 40 c. slight oxidized, otherwise fine, rare”.

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/drouot-18-paris/stampauction/26th-mail-auction- closing/3229.jpg

“The first stamps from the Imperial Eagle series, common to all French colonies, were sent late 1861-start 1862. They were dispatched between Mayotte and Nos[s]y Be, a northern Madagascan island. The oldest known stamped letter from Mayotte is dated December 1863. The next shipments of stamps were dispatched from Mayotte to the three other Comorian islands when they fell under French influence. At this time, "Mayotte et dépendances" (Mayotte and dependencies) was written on the date stamp where the letters originated; only the sender's address or the correspondence point to the real origin. Moreover, until the 1870s, the cancellation is a rhombus of points with a hole

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

in the middle; it is impossible to determine where a stamp was used but removed”. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Aigle_imperial.jpg

http://www.davidfeldman.com/wp- content/uploads/items_treated/2015/05/136485_270934_1432678867.jpg: “1868 Env. pour la France avec 20c Aigle en paire obl. losange évidé, càd Mayotte 29 nov 68, CORR D.ARMEES 29 nov 68 Mayotte, arr. au dos, TB, très rare”.

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/david-feldman-s.a./stampauction/all- world/1292842529631398338638.jpg: “Correspondance d'Armées : Paire 20c Aigle, touchée, obl.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

losange évidé, càd Mayotte 13 nov 68 sur enveloppe pour Chalons sur Saone, rare càd CORR D ARMEES MAYOTTE, et càd ESCADRE DE LA MEDIT Marseille, arr., TB, rare double port militaire”.

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig1_1.jpg : “Mayotte étant possession française depuis 1841, un service postal y fût créé à partir des années 1861-1862, le bureau de poste étant basé à Dzaoudzi. A l'époque, l'ensemble des colonies françaises étaient dotées de timbres identiques, au type "Aigle impérial", non dentelés .. Ces timbres ont été mis en vente jusque vers 1879 à Mayotte”,

http://www.davidfeldman.com/wp- content/uploads/items_treated/2015/05/134480_271988_1432679042.jpg: “1870 Lettre de Mayotte pour Chalon sur Saone avec Aigle 10c en paire bien margée, càd CORR D.ARMEES 1 sept 70 Mayotte, arr. 22.10.70, TB, très rare, ex Vogel”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/drouot-18-paris/stampauction/24th-mail-auction- closing/3129.jpg: “Letter headed Civil Tribunal of Mayotte dated 8 December 1873 franked with 10c. Eagle and 40c. Cérès bearing the manuscript postmark "Registered Letter" signed by the clerk of the court and with c.d.s. of MAYOTTE 1st January 1870 addressed to NANTES. Registered letters are extremely rare. Extremely Fine.”.

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/drouot-18-paris/stampauction/24th-mail-auction- closing/3128.jpg: “# 20 and 21 of French Colonies General Issue. Pair of the 30c. and pair of the 80c.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

CERES cancelled NSB on a letter with blue c.d.s. of MAYOTTE ET DEP.NOSSI BE addressed to CORSICA. Only one known to date.” [1874].

http://www.davidfeldman.com/wp- content/uploads/items_treated/2015/05/136478_270927_1432678866.jpg : “1876 Lettre pour la France avec 25c 15c Cérès Mayotte et Dép 12 sept 76, arrivée au dos”.

http://stampauctionnetwork.com/f/137/761.jpg : “Maury #(5), French Colonies 1859 40c Orange on yellowish, single with large to huge margins all around, tied by perfectly struck "Mayotte et Dep., Mayotte/10 Sept. 77" datestamp to folded cover to France, postmark repeated at left, "via Brindisi" directive and red transit postmark, cover with bottom portion of address panel missing, very fine and rare usage (Scott French Colonies #5)”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig1_2.jpg: “Type "Cérès" - timbres avec oblitérations de Mayotte”. “Les timbres au type "Aigle impérial" et les émissions suivantes (types "Napoléon III", "Cérès", "Sage", identiques aux timbres métropolitains mais non dentelés, puis "Alphée Dubois" (premier type à usage exclusif des colonies, dentelé) … sont regroupées dans l'appellation "colonies générales". Notons que certaines valeurs ont été envoyées à Mayotte en quantité négligeable : 1500 timbres pour les 1c, 30c, 80c au type Napoléon III par exemple ...Il convient de rechercher ces timbres à l'état oblitéré, muni de l'un des cachets de Mayotte utilisés durant cette période … La très faible population de colons, fonctionnaires ou de militaires, l'état émergeant de la philatélie à l'époque, et les conditions climatiques difficiles limitant la conservation des documents sur place, font que la quantité de courrier ayant subsisté jusqu'à nos jours est extrêmement restreinte. Ainsi, ces timbres sont devenue rares à l'état oblitéré, et les quelques enveloppes qui subsistent sont très recherchées des collectionneurs. On trouve cependant assez couramment des timbres avec oblitération de complaisance : par exemple le 40c type sage se retrouve muni du cachet "D'zaoudzi * Mayotte * 1 mai 81" alors que ce cachet n'est apparu que vers 1889…”

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig1_3.jpg: “Type "Sage" - 25c couleur bleu 'outremer' en paire, oblitérés du 28 janv. 78. Ces deux timbres font partie des 300 exemplaires envoyés à Mayotte (1 seule feuille !!) livrés le 26/12/1876)”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://p1.philaworld.de/FILE/GPKATAUK/39/49/3949C2/s625720.jpg : “1878, 75c. currant red on cream ("groseille sur creme"), block of four, fresh colour and full margins all around, neatly oblit. by BLUE c.d.s. "MAYOTTE ET DEP 31 JANV 89". Maury (35), … Extremely rare and attractive!”.

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/drouot-18-paris/stampauction/23rd-mail-auction- closing/3753.jpg: “Timbres de France n°77 + 79. 15c. (Petit déf) + 25c. Obl MAYOTTE ET DEP.MAYOTTE 20 juillet 78 à destination de l'ILE DE RE. Grande rareté pièce exceptionnelle.; lettre; Précurseur”

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.roumet.fr//photos/545/2241.jpg: “MAYOTTE. Précurseurs. CG N°27, bande de quatre bdf obl cad D'Zaoudzi 1 Mai 81”.

https://www.sandafayre.com/stockimages/78065794.jpg: “MAYOTTE 1877-79 40c red on yellow Sage General issue (Yvert 27, Maury 34), superb used marginal IMPERF BLOCK of 4 cancelled by four 'socked on the nose' "D'ZAOUDZI / MAYOTTE 1 Mai 81" cds cancels. Very fresh & attractive. (4 stamps)”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/david-feldman-s.a./stampauction/all- world/1288342525111398338524.jpg: “Correspondance d'Armées : 15c Sage gris obl. càd CORR D ARMEES 29 sept 81 Mayotte sur enveloppe fatiguée pour Bordeaux, arr., afft unique à Mayotte”.

http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L256xH309/MayotteSage1881-004-5396e.jpg; Postmark D’zaoudzi, 1881.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/gart1015/s433963.jpg: “188? (11.2.), Allegorie 25c. yellow brown on yellow single use on cover from MAYOTTE to Zanzibar with part arrival cds. on reverse, heavy faults but a scarce usage!”. http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/drouot-18-paris/stampauction/23rd-mail-auction- closing/3751.jpg

https://www.sandafayre.com/stockimages/78065891.jpg: “MAYOTTE 1881 30c cinnamon on drab, 40c red on yellow and 75c rose-carmine on rose Commerce General issues (Yvert 55 & 57/58) and 1893 5c pale blue Postage Due (Yvert 18), all fine used with superb 'socked on the nose' "D'ZAOUDZI / MAYOTTE" cds cancels. Very fresh & attractive. (4 stamps)” ; [1889 and 1895 taxe]

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig1_41.jpg , and http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig1_4.jpg : “Type "Alphée Dubois", 25c jaune oblitéré par le cachet "Mayotte et dép. * Mayotte 1" du 10 juin (18)87, et 30c brun en paire avec espace inter-panneau avec l'oblitération de complaisance "D'zaoudzi * Mayotte * 7 avril 89"”.

http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L300xH362/a7-32898.jpg ; Postmark D’zaoudzi 1890 .

“In the 1890s, like other French colonies, new stamps were designed to include the colony's name: the post office was victim of speculation between low-valued currency colonies and high-valued currency colonies. Mayotte received its stamps in November 1892”. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Aigle_imperial.jpg

http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L264xH300/MayotteSage1890-001-2df9d.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://p1.philaworld.de/FILE/GPKATAUK/39/49/3949BE/s625719.jpg: “1876, 75c. carmine on pale rose, marginal block of four from the lower right corner of the sheet, fresh colour and full margins all around, neatly oblit. by BLUE c.d.s. "D'ZAOUDZI 1 NOV 91". Maury (35), … Extremely rare and attractive!” [1891].

http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L300xH355/a9a-7665a.jpg http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig1_5.jpg: “Timbre-taxe des colonies générales - 10c brun non dentelé - oblitération de complaisance "D'zaoudzi * Mayotte * 24 avril 95". http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L300xH344/a9b-de3b7.jpg

David Feldman, Madagascar, Specialised collection of British, Norwegian & French Issues, 2010, Geneva, Spring Auction1, also devotes two pages (p. 135-136) to stamps used in Mayotte prior to 1892:

“1859-89, Groupe de 28 oblitérés des colonies générales utilisés à Mayotte dont rare losange évidé sur Aigle, Napoléon, Cérès ou Sage, obl. D’Zaoudzi sur Sage, Alphée Dubois et taxe 10c brun, etc., gen. B/TB, peu courant”

1 https://www.davidfeldman.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/104_Madagascar_web.pdf 16

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

“1871 Rare càd “Corr. d.armées Mayotte 17.03.71” sur enveloppe pour la France avec 10c Aigle en paire, signé le capitaine du génie au dos avec arrivée 08.05.71, TB, très rare”

“1872-77 Cérès 80c rose avec superbe càd central Mayotte 04.12.76, aminci, TB, signé Roumet”.

“1877 40c Aigle avec belle oblitération Mayotte 10.09.77 sur grand devant de lettre pour Nantes, TB, rare”.

“1877-79 Sage N sous B 30c brun en bloc de 4 avec càd D’ZAOUDZU 01.06.90, TB”.

“1877-79 Sage N sous B 40c rouge-orange en bloc de 4 avec càd D’ZAOUDZU 01.05.81, TB”.

And he adds:

“1908 Lettre d’Anjouan pour l’Algérie avec type Groupe d’Anjouan 10c noir en paire + deux moitiés de 5c vert avec mention “affranchissement illégal B.V. établi Le contrôleur,” timbre-taxe Duval 20c obl. Oran, des défauts, rare”.

1.3 Postage stamps 1892-1912

Postage stamps 1892-1899; Y1-14

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://www.rhonephilatelie.fr/17939-thickbox_default/mayotte-n01-a-14-timbres-poste-type-sage- neufs-1892-99.jpg

1c: http://kayatana.com/images/COM(MAY)1892-1-s1-2.20-MM.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

2c: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Stamp_Mayotte_1892_2c.jpg

4c: https://i.pinimg.com/564x/ed/db/b7/eddbb706f964ea286d23a3a485f02b76.jpg

5c: https://i.pinimg.com/564x/49/ee/d6/49eed66a18e6da2deb1117ad64410945.jpg

https://www.roumet.com/photos/548/2338.jpg: “Double légende. No 2a, dent manquante à gauche mais très frais”.

https://images-02.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/575/518/014_001.jpg?v=2 [189.]

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

10c: https://images-00.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/439/404/737_001.jpg?v=0

And https://images-02.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/509/612/395_001.jpg?v=4842

15c: https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/A5-i.jpg

15c: http://img.collectorcircuit.com/gart33/s465048.jpg: “1894. Military Mail envelope (roughly opened at left, faults) addressed to Zanzibar bearing Mayotte Yvert 6, 15c blue tied by octagonal 'Corr D 'Armees Mayotte' in blue '1st Juil 94' with Corr. Des Armees/Mayotte double ring in black and military 'Service de Sante/Mayotte' on reverse, signed by the Commander. A unique exhibition item, Groupe Type covers are not known from Mayotte paying the military concession rate with 'Correspondance D'Armees cancel”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

20c: https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/Q9oAAOSwqYBWpmzd/s-l500.jpg

25c: https://www.linns.com/insights/stamp-collecting-basics/2005/january/stamps-of-little- countries-deliver-great-fun/basicslider-4/rc5_0117_big.jpg

30c + 40c+ 50c + 75c: https://www.rhonephilatelie.fr/17945/mayotte-n01-a-14-timbres-poste-type- sage-neufs-1892-99.jpg

50c: http://www.maison-timbre.fr/vo/documents/vente_sur_offre/v49/photos/4833.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

75c (and others): http://caphila.free.fr/php/img_caph/770_570//86221.jpg: “Qualité: X - 11/14, superbes, le 1f. avec millésime "3" et le 5f. sans charnière. (Maury).”.

1F + 5F: https://assets.catawiki.nl/assets/2016/11/22/3/7/1/371b24b4-b0be-11e6-832e- 7f82245da487.jpg

5F: https://i.pinimg.com/236x/d0/b8/ae/d0b8aefc3541e1466f7a46781311d973--commerce- stamps.jpg (1899)

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://caphila.free.fr/php/img_caph/770_570//86219.jpg: “ualité: (X) - 14, avec fragment de cachet "ANNULE" (NN) en noir: 5f. lilas” http://www.maison-timbre.fr/vo/documents/vente_sur_offre/v49/photos/4834.jpg

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig2_1.jpg : “Ces nouveaux timbres arrivent en 1892 à Mayotte, ou simultanément trois nouveaux bureaux de poste s'ajoutent à celui de Dzaoudzi : Mamoutzou (Fig. 2.1), Chingoni, Mirereni [1,14]. Ces timbres apparaissent la même année à Anjouan (bureau de Mutsamudu), portant la dénomination "Sultanat d'Anjouan", puis en 1897 en Grande-Comore (Moroni) et finalement en 1906 à Mohéli (Fomboni)” . Postmark Mirereni.

Postcards

https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/NucAAOSwnhpapYZM/s-l1600.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig2_51.jpg

https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/Qj4AAOSwihpapYlM/s-l1600.jpg

https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/OpcAAOSwLopapYet/s-l1600.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/VdcAAOSw8LBapYmd/s-l1600.jpg

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig1_6.jpg: “Corps expéditionnaire de Madagascar, lettre en franchise militaire pour Mayotte, arrivée le 9 mai 1896”.

1900-1907; Y15-20

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

10c + 15c + 25c + 35c + 45c + 50c: https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/P~kAAOSwogpaZ3lb/s-l400.jpg

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig2_3.jpg: “Lettre de D'zaoudzi (grand cachet rond) pour Paris. Noter la présence du 10c rouge de Mayotte, l'un des plus rares du type "Groupe" aux Comores.”. Postmark D’zaoudzi.

10c: https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/A14-i.jpg 15c: https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/A15-i.jpg 25c: https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/A16-i.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

35c: http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/drouot-18-paris/stampauction/25th-mail-auction- closing/3659.jpg: “N°18 35c. black on yellow. Pair with millésime 6. Very Fine.”. (35 c = 1906) 45c: https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/A19-i.jpg (45c = 1907) 50c: http://www.jennes-und-kluettermann.de/ng/70/jpg/big/70-914-0.jpg (50c = 1900)

Postcards 1900

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/ceres-philatelie/stampauction/auction-148-closing/400426.jpg: “MAYOTTE 10c. rouge, CP Entier ACEP N°CP3, neuve”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/zqUAAOSwA1papY0N/s-l1600.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://www.postcardman.net/13640-large_default/mayotte-batiment-de-la-poste-et-de-la-police- ed-societe-des-comores.jpg; Mayotte: post office building 1909

1912, for use in Madagascar and Mayotte; Y21-31

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.roumet.fr//photos/543/2821.jpg: “Chiffres espacés. Nos 21A, 22A, 23A (*), 24A à 31A.”.

https://www.roumet.com/photos/548/2339.jpg: “Chiffres espacés. Nos 21, 22, 23, 25, 29 (*), 30 (fortes charnières), tous en paire avec normaux”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/roumet-sas/stampauction/mail-auction-537/2389.jpg: “Chiffres espacés. Nos 21 à 31, tous en §1 avec normaux sauf le N°27”.

05 on 2c: https://i.pinimg.com/564x/2b/31/74/2b317480fbfb573685e627921d9224d9.jpg http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L296xH145/Mayotte021-M3-17657.jpg

05 on 4c: http://pluq59.free.fr/image/Mayotte/1912/22.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L296xH145/Mayotte022-M3-7b156.jpg

05 on 15c: http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L296xH145/Mayotte023-M3-5ee35.jpg https://i.pinimg.com/564x/02/bf/0c/02bf0c8d05649335f4c64c8b1ff591fb.jpg; Postmark Dzaoudzi.

http://www.roumet.com/photos/543/2822.jpg: “[Mayotte] No 23, Gde Comore N°22, obl cad de 1915 sur 2 CP différentes”. .

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

05 on 20c: https://i.pinimg.com/564x/0e/0e/0e/0e0e0e270b4817418ce155e823212565.jpg http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L299xH144/Mayotte024-M3-bc89e.jpg

05 on 25c: http://pluq59.free.fr/image/Mayotte/1912/25.jpg

05 on 25c (double): https://www.roumet.com/photos/548/2340.jpg : “Double surcharge. No 25a.”.

Idem: http://www.roumet.fr//photos/544/2073.jpg : “Double surcharge. No 25a”.

05 on 30c: https://i.pinimg.com/564x/03/4b/5b/034b5b94122f0344f008fef38ef72c11.jpg http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L298xH144/Mayotte026-M3-2f1e1.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

05 on 40c: http://pluq59.free.fr/image/Mayotte/1912/27.jpg

http://www.roumet.fr//photos/543/2825.jpg: “Chiffres espacés. No 27A, tenant à normaux dans un bloc de quatre interpanneaux bdf.”. http://img.collectorcircuit.com/files/ceres-philatelie/stampauction/auction-146-closing/vso146- 4031.jpg: “MAYOTTE 27a : 10 sur 40c., DOUBLE SURCHARGE, PAIRE Mill.3, ch. s. interp”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

10 on 40c: https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e5/85/bf/e585bff2d975cc5916a665c6509cb025.jpg

Idem, double: https://www.roumet.com/photos/548/2341.jpg : “Double surcharge. No 27a.”.

10 on 45c: https://i.pinimg.com/564x/f6/5b/68/f65b68e118da2f035020203f122e0a2b.jpg

Idem, double: http://www.roumet.fr//photos/545/2243.jpg: “MAYOTTE. Double surcharge. No 28a, décalque de couleur au verso mais très frais et très bien centre”.

10 on 50c: http://www.roumet.fr//photos/543/2826.jpg : “Chiffres espacés. NoNo 29A, en paire avec normal”.

10 on 75c: http://pluq59.free.fr/image/Mayotte/1912/30.jpg http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L296xH146/Mayotte030-M3-8e4fe.jpg

10 on 1F: http://pluq59.free.fr/image/Mayotte/1912/31.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.colfra.org/local/cache-vignettes/L295xH142/Mayotte031-M3-53b30.jpg

https://stamp-one.com/stamps/pv/c114/54628.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

2 Mayotte after 1975

2.1 Introduction

https://images-01.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/336/214/970_001.jpg?v=0

“Mayotte's area is 374 square kilometres (144 sq mi) and, with its 212,645 people, is very densely populated at 569 per km² (1,473 per sq mi). The biggest city and prefecture is Mamoudzou on Grande-Terre. However, the Dzaoudzi–Pamandzi International Airport is located on the neighbouring island of Petite-Terre. The territory is geographically part of the Comoro Islands. The territory is also known as Maore, the native name of its main island, especially by advocates of its inclusion in the Union of Comoros.

The island was populated from neighbouring East Africa with later arrival of Arabs, who brought the Islamic religion. A sultanate was established in 1500. In the 19th century, Mayotte was conquered by Andriantsoly, former king of Iboina on Madagascar, and later by the neighbouring islands Mohéli and then Anjouan before being purchased by France in 1841. The people of Mayotte voted to remain politically a part of France in the 1974 referendum. Mayotte became an overseas department on 31 March 2011 and became an outermost region of the European Union on 1 January 2014, following a 2009 referendum with an overwhelming result in favour of the department status”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dsF-A8Eh1Ls/UmmVCie3_TI/AAAAAAAA418/ZS- gG_3bEZs/s640/Mayo.jpeg https://i.pinimg.com/736x/eb/39/97/eb39977700ae027b3fa3fa24d77934b7.jpg

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WvfRluAJOlI/UP6d2ARdHjI/AAAAAAAACos/- RzhkV_JaXY/s640/carte_de_mayotte.gif : “Carte de l'île de Mayotte. L'indépendance des 3 autres îles pose de nombreux problèmes à Mayotte. La direction postale Moroni se trouve sur la Grande Comore nouvellement indépendante. Il y a donc pénurie de timbre à Mayotte. Le préfet décide de couper les timbres du maigre stock restant pour en faire des timbres à 50 F CFA ( Affranchissement des plis pour l'extérieur ). Les cinq timbres coupés furent : N° Yvert : PA 28 à 200 f en quatre ( 7 timbres ) - PA 55 à 100 f en deux ( 75 timbres ) - PA 57 à 200 F en quatre ( 187 timbres ) - PA 60 à 200 F en quatre ( 233 timbres ) - N° 97 à 20 F en deux ( 500 timbres ) Au total il y eu moins de 1000 timbres à 50 F de "fabriqués". Un cachet, à cheval sur les timbres avant d'être coupés, fut apposé. grand cachet double cercle : Administration Provisoire de Mayotte - Le Préfet. ces timbres servirent en décembre 1975 et janvier 1976. Les timbres de métropole arrivèrent en février 1976”.

2.2 Postal services in 1975-1979, the early years

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig5_1.jpg: “Enveloppe avec timbre découpé de Mayotte (Grand Mufti, 1/4 de timbre supérieur) oblitéré 29/1/76 + cachet de la commission électorale.”. “Au cours de l'année 1976, les timbres utilisés en France métropolitaine et dans les DOM ont commencé à approvisionner régulièrement les bureaux de poste de l'île. Ils ont été utilisés jusqu'en 1996, dans un nombre de bureaux de poste de plus en plus important (16 en 1993 .., plus de 20 actuellement) “.

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig5_12.jpg http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig5_2.jpg “Timbres neufs munis du cachet officiel : "Administration provisoire de Mayotte, le Préfet", avant découpage : 200 F Grand Mufti, et 100 F Hansen”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- p2JRx7fesmM/UP6mHojMSQI/AAAAAAAACqI/PjnZrq48a3o/s400/C+14+001.jpg: “Enveloppe de Dzaoudzi du 24/12/75; Timbre Pablo Picasso PA 57 coupé en quatre”.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- _g3dDHTJueM/UP6mLAEBkaI/AAAAAAAACqQ/Uf5Sp9hzdfw/s400/C+15+001.jpg: “Enveloppe de Dzaoudzi du 7/1/1976; Timbre Bracelet N° 97 coupé en deux”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- NZyEgeY0ToE/UP6mPctKwzI/AAAAAAAACqY/pRUM1BWMsxg/s400/C+16+001.jpg: “Enveloppe de Dzaoudzi du 16/1/1976; Timbre Saïd Omar ben Soumeth PA 60 coupé en 4”.

http://www.histoire-et-philatelie.fr/images/005_decolonisation/10_dom_tom_1958/referendum- mayotte-2.jpg : “8 FÉVRIER 1976 : Référendum à Mayotte : les habitants souhaitent rester à 99.4% dans le cadre de la République Française. Ils souhaitent également devenir un département français d'outre-mer. Un cachet administratif "R.F. / — / CONSULTATION / DE LA / POPULATION DE MAYOTTE / — / COMMISSION DE CONTROLE / DES OPÉRATIONS / ÉLECTORALES" est utilisé sur les plis officiels. Enveloppes de service affranchies avec les timbres Said Omar Ben Soumeth 200 F CFA coupés en quatre (voir ci-dessous) et grand cachet administratif . Devant la pénurie de timbres-poste de valeur courante, le Préfet de Mayotte autorisera l'utilisation de timbres de grande valeur faciale coupés en deux ou en quatre APRÈS apposition du cachet administratif déesse assise "ADMINISTRATION

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

PROVISOIRE DE MAYOTTE" (Décision 106/PM du 17/12/75 et décision N°25/PM du 16/1/76). Cette autorisation sera rapportée le 31 Mars 1976.”. http://www.histoire-et-philatelie.fr/pages/005_decolonisation/2040_dom_tom_58-81_04.html:

“La liste des timbres officiellement autorisés à cet effet est la suivante :

. 187 timbres Pablo Picasso 200 F CFA (Y&T Comores N° PA 57), coupés en quatre, . 72 timbres "L'orchide ancraecum eburneum" 200 F CFA (Y&T Comores N° PA 28) coupés en quatre, . 500 timbres bracelet artisanal 20 F CFA (Y&T Comores N° PA 97), coupés en deux, . 233 timbres Said Omar Ben Soumeth 200 F CFA (Y&T Comores N°60), coupés en quatre, . 75 timbres "Découverte du Bacille de la Lèpre" 100 F CFA (Y&T Comores N° 55), coupés en deux”.

“Lettre par avion vers la Réunion affranchie à 200 FCFA avec quatre quarts de timbres Picasso avec le cachet administratif de la Préfecture 24/12/75 (après la première circulaire du 17/12)”

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

“Lettre administrative affranchie à 50F CFA avec un timbre coupé en deux à 100FCFA 16/1/76 (le jour de la deuxième circulaire)”

“Lettre pour la France affranchie à 50 FCFA (200F Picasso coupé en 4) oblitérée "DZAOUZI / COMORES" 6/2/76". On voit sur le timbre un quart du cachet administratif qui ne dépasse pas (apposition sur le timbre avant coupure en 4)”

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

“Lettre recommandée philatélique affranchie à 600 F CFA. Cela semble prouver que les timbres "danses folkloriques" non surchargés ont été vendus quelque temps à Mayotte”.

“Il a été vu des enveloppes philatéliques avec des timbres coupés en quatresans empreinte du cachet administratif. Il s'agit, au mieux, de complaisances réalisées ultérieurement.

Les premiers timbres de métropole destinés à être utilisés à Mayotte arriveront officiellement en août 1976 ainsi que les nouveaux timbres-à-date avec comme code de département : 98.

Note : Certains particuliers ont pu, soit apporter sur l'île lors d'un déplacement, soit envoyer à un correspondant des timbres de métropole qui avaient théoriquement pouvoir d'affranchissement avant l'arrivée officielle des timbres de métropole aux bureaux de poste le 2 août 1976. Il a été signalé quelques lettres affranchies avec des timbres de métropole oblitérées avant le 2 août”.

“23 FÉVRIER 1976 : Suppression officielle du franc CFA à Mayotte. L'île utilise à partir de cette date le franc métropolitain. Par anticipation et à cause du manque de timbres-poste, des machines à affranchir avec vignette "COMORES" (SATAS SP 912 et SP 913) seront mises en service dès le 9 janvier 1976 avec valeur en francs métropolitains”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

“Bureau "DZAOUZI" et légende "COMORES. Une autre machine avec vignette "MAYOTTE" et bloc dateur "98 DZAOUDZI / MAYOTTE" (SP 1890) fera son apparition en octobre 1976”.

“Bureau "98 DZAOUZI" et légende "MAYOTTE. Des timbres-à-date (oblitération manuelle) avec code administratif 98 sont également mis en service. Ils n'ont servi que quelques années pour un courrier assez réduit d'où leur rareté (Deux bureaux seulement : Dzaouzi et Mamoutzou). D'après Laurent Bonnefoy le cachet Dzaouzi avec code postal 98 aurait servi du 22-10-76 au 13-3-82 et celui de Mamoutozu du 19-11-76 au 1-3-82)”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

“Lettre commerciale recommandée de Mamoutzou affranchie avec 5F de métropole Daurat Vanier avec oblitération "98-MAMOUTZOU / MAYOTTE" 7/6/77”.

“Lettre de Dzaouzi affranchie avec un timbre de roulette 1F Béquet de métropole avec oblitération "98-DZAOUZI / MAYOTTE" 18/11/76”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

“Lettre administrative de Mamoutzou pour Paris affranchie avec timbres Sabine et oblitérée "98- MAMOUTZOU / MAYOTTE" 26/10/78”.

“Lettre commerciale de mamoutsou pour la france affranchie à 1F30 en timbres Sabine de métropole et oblitérée "98-MAMOUTZOU/ MAYOTTE" 19/12/79. Il n'a pas encore été établi si tous les timbres de métropole ont été envoyés à Mayotte en 1976/78 ou si seulement les valeurs les

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

plus usitées y sont parvenues. Très peu de timbres dits "de collection" oblitérés sur lettre à Mayotte dans ces années ont été répertoriés à ce jour”.

According to Olivier Bergossi (2016), Mayotte used French revenue stamps, probably from 1975 onwards (see: p. 231, copied here).

. 2.3 Postal services between 1979 and 1997

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- q0HnkfgDDwI/UP7iKgH93_I/AAAAAAAACwU/0cgBIkGYZp4/s400/A+20+001.jpg : “98 au lieu de 97 DZAOUDZI le 28/2/1980; Cachet : Patrouilleur EPEE - Mayotte P 672 - ( 1976 - 2007 )”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Oj4- fjbjdSM/UP7iQXlyBQI/AAAAAAAACwk/n0nrxBK5QAQ/s400/A+22+001.jpg: “98 au lieu de 97 DZAOUDZI le 19/5/ 1980; Cachet : SAINTONGE ( Transport ravitailleur ) A 733; En service en 1956 Marine de Commerce - Acheté par la Marine Nationale en 1965 - Fin 1981”.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GUDBErFh- Rw/UP7icsToFSI/AAAAAAAACxE/vV35Bezc5CM/s400/A+27+001.jpg: “976 DZAOUDZI le 3/3/1982; Cachet : Gabare de Mer CRIQUET- A 761 - ZMOI 82 ( 1955 - 1987 )”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- 2LBuFer__NA/UQFXCMnHhyI/AAAAAAAADAU/YeTT798fNhw/s400/A+5+001.jpg: “Patrouilleur ALBATROS - P 681 - 1967 Ex Névé - 1984 Albatros; à Dzaoudzi le 23/5/1986”.

https://images-03.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/296/987/026_001.jpg?v=1 1989, Postage stamp of France with postmark Dzaoudzi

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- ytb82UzRwAc/UQGaXz6kF9I/AAAAAAAADDU/SA_oCr5hjT0/s400/A+19+001.jpg: “Patrouilleur LA BOUDEUSE - P 683 - ( 1984 - 2011 ); à Dzaoudzi le 7/12/1990”.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- xznif0yhVUw/UQGaar15tdI/AAAAAAAADDc/9aiXYOC_hkU/s400/A+20+001.jpg: “Patrouilleur l'ALBATROS à Dzaoudzi le 27//1991”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- YC8DQIy_LrY/UVx_9gSvy4I/AAAAAAAAG2I/B1lMKO2iASE/s400/A+6+001.jpg: “BT : Mayotte rattachement à la France ( 1841 - 1991 ); Mamoudzou le 27/12/1991”

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Lq- 5svydigY/UQGr59JthXI/AAAAAAAADGo/vKw9N_rFRwE/s400/A+19+002.jpg: “LEGION ETRANGERE - 25 ans de présence à Mayotte; Dzaoudzi le 13/11/1992”.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- uNSm56qq9BA/UP66i2jJxSI/AAAAAAAACuI/Sj4YT8Vg5v8/s400/A+3+001.jpg ; http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

6re61XK58oY/UQrh49fW6bI/AAAAAAAAEXs/tFpH6aH2VdU/s400/BRANDELE.JPG : “En 1976 Mayotte est une collectivité territoriale et utilise les timbres de la métropole jusqu'en 1997; BRANDELE le 5/12/1996”, and “Bureau de poste de BRANDELE - Photo JM Bergougniou”

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Vo68H4w8so4/UP66lQaCqII/AAAAAAAACuQ/hcxGFtD-- jI/s400/A+4+001.jpg, and http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-- qfeFk8NKWU/UQriWIyC5TI/AAAAAAAAEX0/yI7NqDryBN0/s400/CHIRONGUI+1.JPG : “BOUENI le 4/12/1996”, and “Bureau de poste de BOUENI - Photo JMB”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tvdHHH9nr5E/UP66o- DhsSI/AAAAAAAACuY/OTLfhHItNT4/s400/A+5+001.jpg, and http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- Cscyk4crOo4/UQri1XtolcI/AAAAAAAAEX8/WSDATcS_n-s/s400/COCONI.JPG : “CHIRONGUI le 17/5/1996”; and “Bureau de poste de CHIRONGUI - Photo JMB”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- apyBxE2g9ho/UP66tL4ismI/AAAAAAAACug/m5pnPMj_rJs/s400/A+6+001.jpg, and: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cscyk4crOo4/UQri1XtolcI/AAAAAAAAEX8/WSDATcS_n- s/s400/COCONI.JPG : “Bureau de poste de COCONI - Photo JMB”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YFax7TeLVPo/UP66v6GppTI/AAAAAAAACuo/VD- ztW0oQIw/s400/A+7+001.jpg, and http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HNH4Mxm- YmA/UQrjTwFxfiI/AAAAAAAAEYE/ZdL7dEdjdj4/s400/COMBANI.JPG: “COMBANI le 28/6/1994”, and “Bureau de poste de COMBANI - Photo JMB”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- Qb3rg_m7XBA/UP66yTtq1rI/AAAAAAAACuw/sNcRtHUT1lk/s400/A+8+001.jpg : “DEMBENI le 10/5/1995”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oRKuAQApLkI/UQbrTSbuf1I/AAAAAAAADyY/TwV5I- clv0c/s400/A+3+001.jpg, and http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Ky1SaKSd0Y/UQrj8ar- O0I/AAAAAAAAEYM/hVGRJJAc1aI/s400/DZOUMOGNE+1.JPG : “DZOUMOGNE le 16/12/1996”, and “Bureau de poste de DZOUMOGNE - Photo JMB”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-17j- 7rmvMUQ/UQbrXFTsNFI/AAAAAAAADyg/7cadj_WXgOM/s400/KANI+KELE+1997+(1).jpg: “KANI KELE le 5/12/1996”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- LhVSnabKMXA/UQbvvoMfOZI/AAAAAAAAD0Q/b8dqqeM7L54/s400/A+3+002.jpg, and http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-I7Q_NkVKlnE/UQrke1ecjEI/AAAAAAAAEYU/Rt0-e_f- NnQ/s400/MAMOUDZOU.JPG: “MAMOUDZOU le 19/4/1995”, and “Bureau de poste de MAMOUDZOU - Photo JMB”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mVojFxPioAY/UQb0OLqeHgI/AAAAAAAAD2o/Go- Bjs9uWgE/s400/A+4+002.jpg: “MAMOUDZOU-KAWENI le 26/11/1996”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- WzRujQtk5vk/UQfj0zon8LI/AAAAAAAAD6Q/KhekAT_JDt0/s400/A+3+001.jpg : “M'TSANGAMOUJI le 25/9/1995”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- zw4Ial3uW_4/UQfj6MUDlyI/AAAAAAAAD6Y/dSWEfv8jBuY/s400/A+4+001.jpg and http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_WtjC9w8kA8/UQrk9bu5rdI/AAAAAAAAEYc/- q05wFMB1Bs/s400/M'TZAMBORO.JPG: “MTZAMBORO le 23/10/1996”, and “Bureau de poste de MZAMBORO - Photo JMB”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- Ip40XCxo5sE/UQfkEiQBwQI/AAAAAAAAD6o/qG7MQ4JxpjU/s400/A+5+001.jpg: “M'ZOUAZIA le 16/12/1996”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- ZGNchMB_mQY/UQfj85K6q0I/AAAAAAAAD6g/IAmXf_RujxE/s400/A+7+001.jpg: “OUANGANI le 26/7/1995”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- 8mDRtycLKY4/UQfkIiWtJkI/AAAAAAAAD6w/Qne9eRnG3kc/s400/A+8+001.jpg : “PAMANDZI le 3/12/1996”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I- JKnRyBEGc/UQfkj1tyYGI/AAAAAAAAD7A/MGACnKxUDa0/s400/A+9.jpg, and http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- FJWfbOuqpNM/UQrlauazZwI/AAAAAAAAEYk/qjGe42xBsdg/s400/PASSAMAINTI.JPG: “PASSAMAINTI le 25/4/1995”, and “Bureau de poste de PASSAMAINTI - Photo JMB”

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- atpdhosWLr0/UQfkmu_m1aI/AAAAAAAAD7I/7ZVYQzaGTVU/s400/A+10+001.jpg: “POROANI le 4/12/1996”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- k7IWIMIJUqA/UQfkpaQkWmI/AAAAAAAAD7Q/Ah1jAof6IR4/s400/A+12+001.jpg, and http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- CD5qnMFqml4/UQroYX641eI/AAAAAAAAEY8/uRanym24E1E/s400/SADA.JPG: “SADA le 23/10/1996”, and “Bureau de poste de SADA - Photo JMB”.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- MPewKGEaetg/UQfkr08osuI/AAAAAAAAD7Y/pGM4choQMdY/s400/A+13+001.jpg: “TSINGONI le 4/12/1996”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig5_21.jpg : “ Entier postal Coupe du monde de football utilisé à Dembeni (Mayotte) le 6/12/96”.

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig5_2b.jpg: “ettre de Mayotte avec timbre français (dernier jour d'utilisation : 31/12/1996)”. 2.4 1997-2001, ‘collectivité territoriale’ with own postage stamps: selection of postage stamps

Between January 1997 and December 2001 the French postal authorities issued 88 different postage stamps. We selected examples of stamps with a message about the islands.

“Le 2 janvier 1997 sont apparus les nouveaux timbres mahorais, l'île retrouvant l'autonomie postale perdue au début du siècle ..Le rythme des émissions est actuellement d'une dizaine de timbres par an, tous ayant pour thèmes jusqu'à présent des sujets locaux ... Notons qu'une période d'affranchissement mixtes France+Mayotte a été autorisée du 2 janvier au 31 mars 1997”. http://www.comores- online.com/collections/philatelie/

1997 ‘Mayotte’ printed on French Marianne stamps

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://www.freestampcatalogue.com/media/catalog/product/cache/2/small_image/400x400/67330acb 2b8da843bfbbe0b5818dfc4a/m/y/myp0021.jpg

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/D-s.jpg: 1997, Ylang ylang indigenous plant https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/E-s.jpg: 1997, Coat of Arms Mayotte.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- iPHrcY4TB3w/UVx_vvzYAvI/AAAAAAAAG1w/aU6dUQOH0H8/s400/A+3+001.jpg: “Armoirie de MAYOTTE - Mamoudzou le 2/1/1997”

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- gKk1zFnEPXI/UVx_rb4W0CI/AAAAAAAAG1o/jI2d00igItk/s400/A+2+001.jpg: “La Baie de MAMOUDZOU”.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LZpIDmyCtGk/UQg-_mnw51I/AAAAAAAAEDM/a- DSp5uNp2A/s400/A+4+004.jpg: “BRANDELE le 1/12/1997”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- e6bhSLgmdxQ/UWMFzGumaTI/AAAAAAAAHEw/xLqvh22OJQw/s400/A+6+003.jpg: “Patrouilleur LA RIEUSE - PAMANDZI le 33/4/1998”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zFeA- zjRoOo/UQfvAZuG6iI/AAAAAAAAD7g/tt2fyi6pgyA/s400/A+3+002.jpg: “BRANDELE le 19/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte. En 1997 les affranchissements mixtes timbres de France et de Mayotte étaient tolérés”. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- l8GugE3RCk0/UQfvELc3xLI/AAAAAAAAD7o/yHcvGs2UYz4/s400/A+4+002.jpg: “BOUENI le 18/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- q5urlLvAqJg/UQfvGqcn07I/AAAAAAAAD7w/uwbdX8VTeg0/s400/A+5+002.jpg: “CHIRONGUI le 18/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- w34FqNWWqCw/UQfvJv65khI/AAAAAAAAD78/jfEZEqxJgx8/s400/A+6+001.jpg: “COCONI le 17/2/1997, Affranchissement mixte France - Mayotte “.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- 29FeADs_r0g/UQfvMCi_HoI/AAAAAAAAD8E/O6NnvZrZjpQ/s400/A+7+002.jpg: “COMBANI le 17/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- 70yoVSfGN4Q/UQfvP0Ndy2I/AAAAAAAAD8M/xmHJx06ntFU/s400/A+9+001.jpg: “DEMBENI le 17/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- 1RXtil18Rpg/UQfvSV6kmzI/AAAAAAAAD8U/ItfHsuftTho/s400/A+10+002.jpg: “DZOUMOGNE le 17/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- qN1PapzlWRk/UQfvVG27TcI/AAAAAAAAD8c/DOguasWWkBM/s400/A+11+001.jpg: “KANI - KELI le 19/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- 1PTYCCPhubI/UQfvX_WA2nI/AAAAAAAAD8k/1fN0ye4lbK0/s400/A+12+002.jpg: “KANI - KELE ( E à la place du I ) le 10/3/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- A66S7nXTA1s/UQgtvSSyxoI/AAAAAAAAEBQ/5sU3iv3mKUA/s400/A+3+004.jpg: “MAMOUDZOU SERVICE POSTAL PHILATELIE le 17/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kr_F-tlPnZY/UQgsl4h6- SI/AAAAAAAAEAA/oRJjHTElFnA/s400/A+4+003.jpg: “MAMOUDZOU le 7/3/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Q-cxqk8axaA/UQgsprryYhI/AAAAAAAAEAI/Enl-YyW- EOY/s400/A+5+003.jpg: “MAMOUDZOU KAWENI le 17/2/1997”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-68VHw-p_aQE/UQgssJzJKJI/AAAAAAAAEAQ/rBy-BxSvG- o/s400/A+6+002.jpg: “M'TSANGAMOUJI le 19/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- wsxT5VSqa5s/UQgsu8hQBHI/AAAAAAAAEAY/EgwJB5bpzLs/s400/A+7+003.jpg: M'ZAMBORO (avec la virgule) le 18/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- JM6SUi3AZ54/UQgsxT0FSpI/AAAAAAAAEAg/_oiCWT84_To/s400/A+8+002.jpg: “OUANGANI le 19/2/1997; Affanchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cBwFcSLVnuo/UQgs0MotqkI/AAAAAAAAEAo/4jcbzgMo- Y8/s400/A+9+002.jpg: “PAMANDZI le 17/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- g90QPosci9Q/UQgs26nyBPI/AAAAAAAAEAw/LR4YgAcdKHg/s400/A+10+003.jpg: “PASSAMAINTI le 17/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g6VWdgQgpJk/UQgs58TNtBI/AAAAAAAAEA4/Z3- OPc0y2Cs/s400/A+11+002.jpg: “POROANI le 17/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- zR6zR8g6y1I/UQgs8qJZLzI/AAAAAAAAEBA/x9jTXO1jIhc/s400/A+12+003.jpg: “SADA le 17/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- 0Ua8aRIAnkQ/UQgtA6RDaFI/AAAAAAAAEBI/VO8CluFVTvA/s400/A+13+002.jpg: “TSINGONI le 19/2/1997; Affranchissement mixte France – Mayotte”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/F-s.jpg: 1997, inauguration new airport https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/L-s.jpg: 1997, 20 years air connection with Reunion

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig5_22.jpg: “enveloppe 1er jour "le Banga" (case des jeunes) cachet spécial de Mtzamboro le 31/05/97”.

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig5_3.jpg: “Affranchissement Mixte France + Mayotte. Dernier jour autorisé (29/03/97) cachet du service postal Mamoudzou., Marianne de Briat 10 F surchargé "Mayotte" complément (8 F 50) à partir de timbres de France”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/O-i.jpg: 1998, Longoni Harbour https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/N-s.jpg: 1998, Turtle https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/U-s.jpg; 1998, Tsingoni Mosque

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- d_4ocS7sDzw/UQrBteezuvI/AAAAAAAAETE/lGnDpqkLZWE/s400/A+8+001.jpg: “DZOUMOGNE le 28/5/1998; Navire ALCYONE - Fondation COUSTEAU; Timbre à date diamètre 27”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b7pIO20ncDk/UQrCSykPyiI/AAAAAAAAETs/ejtVau3oK- k/s1600/A+13+001.jpg: “KOUNGOU le 31/12/1998”. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MbrLYnu_xII/UQrl4ZloSzI/AAAAAAAAEYs/6Pk-XKop- 5c/s400/KONGOU.JPG: “Bureau de poste de KOUNGOU - Photo JMB”.

http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/imagespages/fig5_5.jpg: “Marianne du 14 juillet Rouge, correspondance entre les territoires de St Pierre et Miquelon, et Mayotte. Lettre expédiée le 5/09/98 arrivée en poste restante à Mtzamboro 10 jours plus tard - Cachet d'arrivée rouge.”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/R-s.jpg: 1998, ‘Mayotte’, printed on French postage stamp of Marianne https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/V-s.jpg: 1998, Mariama Salim; Mariama Salim (1963-1996). Première Déléguée aux Droits des femmes à Mayotte. www.club- philatelique-phoceen.16mb.com https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/AA-i.jpg : 1999, Island map https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/AG-s.jpg: 1999, Euro introduction

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/AJ-s.jpg; 1999, Prefecture of Dzaoudzi https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/AQ-i.jpg: 1999, Waterfall of Soulou.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- 9fyVbMuCCzo/UQrB2LHdc5I/AAAAAAAAETU/WWq4PMlkf_w/s400/A+10+001.jpg : “KANI- KELE ( Faute E à la place du I ) le 8/11/1999”.

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/AT-s.jpg: 2000, Sultan’s Grave. https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/AY-s.jpg: 2000, The 1st Anniversary of the Death of Zena M'Dere, 1917-1999. “.. une personnalité mahoraise, chef de file du mouvement des chatouilleuses qui a notamment œuvré à l'ancrage de Mayotte au sein de la République Française”. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9na_M%E2%80%99D%C3%A9r%C3%A9

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/BE-s.jpg: 2001, Return of the Mecca pilgrimage https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/BI-s.jpg: 2001, 25th anniversary of DLEM = Détachement de Légion étrangère de Mayotte (DLEM)

https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/static- 1.malisto.com/customer/d1325bc4ea2a/full/451916.jpg; 2001, Crater Lake https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/BR-s.jpg: 2001, Post Office.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zW06yuPBcv8/UQg- 8_MeyTI/AAAAAAAAEDE/q5ZmQvKWipo/s400/A+3+005.jpg: “ACOUA le 18/4/2001”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- XTtOsyMGvM8/UQlvuxwCVBI/AAAAAAAAEHs/gpdYmFdAbFU/s400/A+4+001.jpg: “BOUENI le 12/5/2001”.

2.5 2002-2011: ‘collectivité départementale’: selection of postage stamps

Selection of postage stamps with a message about the islands, and postmarks of specific post offices.

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/CI-s.jpg: 2002, Acquiring the Status "Collective Department" https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/CK-s.jpg: 2002, Mangrove at Kaweni https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/CL-s.jpg: 2002, 25th anniversary of French community rights for the inhabitants of Mayotte

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/CO-s.jpg: 2002, Census https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/CT-s.jpg: 2002, Remains of the Sugar Industry https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/CU-s.jpg: 2002, Mount Choungui

https://images-01.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/410/964/674_001.jpg: 2002, Postmark Kani Kéli

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/CW-s.jpg: 2002, Nature Museum

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HZm_1p-QK2w/UQl86- jwcTI/AAAAAAAAEKo/Wq10BFuSu7U/s400/A+14+001.jpg: “COMBANI le 30/4/2002 - GSMA/MAYOTTE, Timbre à date diamètre 28”. https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/DC-s.jpg: 2003, High School of Mtzamboro

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/static- 1.malisto.com/customer/d1325bc4ea2a/full/451921.jpg; 2003, Rocks of Dzaoudzi https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/DP-s.jpg: 2003, Island map https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/EK-s.jpg: 2005, Mamoudzou City

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- eAlJT1R_bNo/UQrBVer7DCI/AAAAAAAAESk/D5OF1ORGPpQ/s400/A+4+001.jpg: “DEMBENI le 3/5/2006; Timbre à date diamètre 27”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- gRUSX2oZ06A/UQlwTKo0F6I/AAAAAAAAEIE/7LkZqnIVqxc/s400/A+8+001.jpg: “CHIRONGUI le 3/5/2006 Timbre à date diamètre 27”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZaPUvZrBzzA/UQrp8lyAZzI/AAAAAAAAEZE/ObLYgg3KT- 8/s400/CHIRONGUI+CDIS.JPG: “Bureau de poste de CHIRONGUI - CDIS - Photo JMB”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zr8vzvTXC3w/UQlwopygIoI/AAAAAAAAEIM/EcF8T6r1l- E/s1600/A+10+001.jpg: “CHIRONGUI - CDIS le 11/9/2006”.

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/EZ-s.jpg: 2007, 10th anniversary of re-issuing own stamps https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/FD-s.jpg: 2007, The 30th Anniversary of Mayotte General Council

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://images-00.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/410/965/162_001.jpg 2007 Postmark Passamainti

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- oOllzXRRUlg/UV8aOedxpGI/AAAAAAAAG34/ZxUhb0FJNpQ/s400/A+5+002.jpg: “Lettre recommandée - MAMOUDZOU le 6/2/2007”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://images-00.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/410/965/162_001.jpg: 2007 Postmark Coconi

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://images-01.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/410/964/674_001.jpg: 2007 Postmark Dembeni

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/0210-b.jpg: 2008, spices

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/FW-s.jpg : 2008, The 1st Anniversary of the Death of Younoussa Bamana. 1935-2007. “Younoussa Bamana, né le 1er avril 1935 à Kani-Kéli et mort le 22 juin 2007 à Mamoudzou, est un homme politique mahorais, membre au niveau national de l’Union pour la démocratie française (UDF), il militait au niveau local pour le Mouvement Populaire Mahorais (MPM), qui deviendra par la suite le Mouvement départementaliste mahorais (MDM) puis Mouvement pour le développement de Mayotte (MDM), premier député élu de cette collectivité du 13 mars 1977 au 22 mai 1981 et président du Conseil général du 6 juillet 1977 au 2 avril 2004.” https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younoussa_Bamana https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/FZ-s.jpg: 2008, new Municipal Office of Mamoudzou

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/GA-s.jpg : 2008, Inauguration of Longoni electricity substation.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4c4yLws-ZZo/UQg_B- zl7SI/AAAAAAAAEDU/LeTIfHZsyEE/s400/A+5+004.jpg: “BANDRELE le 10/10/2008”.

https://images-00.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/410/947/470_001.jpg: 2009, Postmark Combani.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- DTFW8d_EFD0/UQg_FiSGM1I/AAAAAAAAEDc/S0oufPn9C6A/s400/A+6+003.jpg: “BANDRELE le 5/2/2009; PAP La Paille en Queue”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- WJY36ZC__3M/UQg_IoTrwNI/AAAAAAAAEDk/sBuKCXLzslo/s400/A+7+004.jpg: “BANDRELE le 5/2/2009”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- XbVmWPH_LV4/UQl4e46xhWI/AAAAAAAAEIs/61HiHZZvLOU/s400/A+3+003.jpg: “BANDRELE - APC le 28/10/2009; Agence Postale Communale”.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- VkIGcAcxWB0/UV8oKFLSvZI/AAAAAAAAG6A/yLAAktr2jCc/s400/A+1+006.jpg: “MARION DUFRESNE à MAYOTTE - Mission du patrimoine; Mamoudzou le 2/5/2009”. TAAF

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/GO-s.jpg: 2010, Governor’s residence https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/GS-s.jpg: 2010, directorate of customs

https://images-04.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/411/153/698_001.jpg: 2010, Postmark Pamandzi

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http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- KX4bTqKz7rM/UQrBabYUYMI/AAAAAAAAESs/4dXykda8Rqc/s400/A+5+001.jpg: “DEMBENI le 21/7/2010; Gendarmerie : Brigade Nautique”.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- YdATXxLI7Qg/UQrBjw7OCZI/AAAAAAAAES0/NtocgX0kvTk/s400/A+6+001.jpg: “DEMBENI le 21/7/2010; Patrouilleur ODET - P 611”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://worldwidecovers.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/mayotte-091023.jpg Postmark Mamoudzou, 2009.

https://images-03.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/410/966/905_001.jpg: 2010, Postmark Chirongui

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3r3B_XilJO0/UQl84iY5-NI/AAAAAAAAEKg/6qtW156NDWE/s400/A+13.jpg: “COCONI le 13/7/2010 - Cachet : Base Navale de Mayotte”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- 7YPvVUTWjrE/UQrCZFhIMOI/AAAAAAAAET8/HLEwAZTxmCo/s400/A+15+001.jpg: “KOUNGOU le 6/12/2010; PAP : La Poste de KOUNGOU”.

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https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/GU-s.jpg: 2010, Post by quad https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/GZ-s.jpg: 2011, Great Mosque of Mtsapéré https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/HA-s.jpg: 2011, 170th anniversary of the annexation of Mayotte by France

https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/HD-s.jpg: 2011, White Sand Island https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/HF-s.jpg: 2011, Islamic religious ceremony Madjiliss https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue/Mayotte/Postage-stamps/HI-s.jpg: 2011, Lake Karehani

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- W8rDq1ZmkcQ/ToFDlBLCpOI/AAAAAAAAAcI/LUelEPMj0iY/s400/mayotte11dept101.jpg : 2011, Department of Mayotte ; “Mayotte issued on 19 September 2011 a single stamp celebrating the island as the 101st Department of France (or administrative division of France). The stamp design

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

consists of a child drawing of the map of the island of Mayotte surrounded by the ocean filled with marine fauna; and swimming among the marine creatures, that include seahorse, octopus, ray, turtles, fish, whales, is a man in wetsuit and snorkelling gear”.

https://images-00.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/281/231/398_001.jpg?v=0: Postmark Kani Kéli 2011

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- fa5gJxxx5CY/UWABVZWdgsI/AAAAAAAAG8I/Zbmck4GjnXM/s400/A+3+001.jpg: “PAP - La REUNION à MAYOTTE - Mamoudzou le 16 et 17 septembre 2011; 3éme Rencontres Philatéliques de l'Océan Indien”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- VynbLHsYHkE/Tz5aaadN_CI/AAAAAAAAC5s/dQkcMEtZM0Q/s1600/07%2B004.jpg ; Postmark Mtzamboro, 2011

https://images-04.delcampe-static.net/img_large/auction/000/411/152/245_001.jpg?v=0: Postmark Mamoudzou-Kaweni; Year unclear

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LipdwsLTRIw/TCqj7Ulyn_I/AAAAAAAABVw/Jw5zrsfQ9ZU/s1600/YT.jpg: “..Mayotte is made up of two islands, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), and a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi)”, and “An interesting thing to note about "Mayotte" is that it is the corrupted French version of "Jazirat al-Mawt", which means "Island of the Dead/Death" in Arabic”. Postmark Pamanzi.

https://cdn.verbolia.com/api/images/H4sIAAAAAAAEAFWOQWrDMBBFryK0rizFNSV4l0VCNyG0uJSuz FieyGol2ZXHOKX0QDlHLlalmEA3s3jz+f9985foeMk7omEspbQeDI5CqaxFp8EPKEYCsjoLSOlragfRoIRJk+2 DVErJPF!LhyKXRXFfK7WqPXz1RCiOoClajQKD+JygFX3jLGHEMXsfDL!jO3CuAf3xX2Ge59v4snp1ki0eYXIk UoUXfxZLzR5O1k!+Ea3piJe5Ujf2alvqElontHFp/OwBhhacU4!vN26Gqtmy3aLJtYE9Jkx2umpdzvJxHVlnfR GTPkA7!+QXpu4trLgEAAA==/mayotte-factrice-en-quad-obliteres-timbre-rare.jpg Postmark Petite Terre.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- ZSBowbpgsfg/UQlvztoYyaI/AAAAAAAAEH0/fGrXMZXEUF4/s1600/A+5+001.jpg: “CHICONI - APC le 18/6/2010; PAP LE WADAHA”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- 4up1Qivl4ew/UWP6TH9pUmI/AAAAAAAAHHw/DouLiB1GU_M/s400/A+9+001.jpg: “Pamandzi : FERMETURE du BUREAU le 15/12/2010”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- XNkVcqzQ5Jk/UWQ7FtHGvxI/AAAAAAAAHJo/p0A9O25urXM/s400/A+7+002.jpg: “Ouverture du bureau de PETITE - TERRE le 16/12/2010”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_gGox5p_9bxY/S53nVmcWHpI/AAAAAAAAGtk/slD3nYLK53w/s320/souven ir-marianne-haiti-mayotte.jpg : “…Ces timbres ont été reçu fin février [2010] ici et sont en vente depuis le début du mois dans les bureaux de poste. Avant de poursuivre, je pense qu'il faut rappeler que Mayotte n'étant pas (encore) un DOM, elle émet encore ses propres timbres et les timbres "métropolitains" n'y sont (officiellement....) pas valable”.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- 28gl90IpQGU/UmmVzZBssGI/AAAAAAAA42E/JW7HCykDFhI/s640/Mayo+1.jpeg : “En 2003, le service postal de la Collectivité est remplacé par La Poste elle-même. Le fait pour Mayotte de devenir le 31 mars 2011 le 101e département français l'oblige à abandonner l'émission de ses propres timbres”.

https://worldwidecovers.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/mayotte-100911.jpg Postmark Dembeni 2010.

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://worldwidecovers.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/mayotte-110225.jpg: “The mini-sheet was issued on January 17, 2011. It depicts different hair styles”. Postmark Mamoudzou 2011

https://worldwidecovers.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/mayotte-110908.jpg : “The left stamp was issued on 10 September 2011 and therefore was used before its issuing date! It depicts a Madjiliss ceremony. The two stamps on the right depict an orange (Citrus × sinensis) and kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) with fruits. This set was issued on 18 August, 2011”. Postmark Mamoudzou 2011

African Postal Heritage; African Studies Centre Leiden; APH Paper 35; Ton Dietz, and Daniel Allançon with information used from Olivier Bergossi, Mayotte; Version January 2019

https://worldwidecovers.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/mayotte-111231.jpg : “Mayotte stopped issuing own stamps by the end of 2011, so this letter is possibly one of the last, where only Mayotte stamps were used. The 2011 stamps depict the Northern Islands (“Les Ilots du Nord”) and the Return of the Fisherman (“Le retour du Pêcheur”). Postmark Mamoudzou-Kaweni 2011.

http://img.over-blog-kiwi.com/0/57/30/62/20151013/ob_85b3ca_19-tp-yt-610-taaf-autoadhesif- 2011-re.jpg http://img.over-blog-kiwi.com/0/57/30/62/20151013/ob_1af93f_19bis-md-2011-taaf-mayotte- rec.jpg : 2011, joint issue with TAAF, last postage stamp issued by Mayotte.

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http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-H8Z2-x_WUJc/UWABW6bG0II/AAAAAAAAG8Q/WJs- NG_g6D0/s400/A+4+002.jpg: “1er jour du timbre MARION DUFRESNE - Mamoudzou 30/12/2011”.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-brCRsHY09qE/UV_q6OiyspI/AAAAAAAAG7w/WXJ-QwH- BVM/s400/A+6+001.jpg: “1er jour du MARION DUFRESNE - Mamoudzou le 30/12/2011; ERREUR : sur timbre TAAF”.

2.6 Postal services after 2011, as part of France

From 2011 onwards Mayotte used postage stamps of France

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http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- E_anNj9bOAI/UWAHmhfo4SI/AAAAAAAAG8g/5kzXO_htdcA/s640/A+1+002.jpg and http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NM85WO2_diE/UWAHre7G- QI/AAAAAAAAG8o/XbEHTxTeg3I/s640/A+2+002.jpg : “31/12/2011 : FIN DES TIMBRES de MAYOTTE.1/01/2012 : DEBUT DES TIMBRES METROPOLITAINS”.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- IRplTjLqb8I/UWAHuPLHtdI/AAAAAAAAG8w/MZ41sgZombU/s400/A+3+002.jpg: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- 40cFbJu0QRs/UWAHwnWIwLI/AAAAAAAAG84/NDZHoL4vj_g/s400/A+4+003.jpg: ““AU REVOIR KWAHERI - DERNIER JOUR des TIMBRES MAYOTTE; MAMOUDZOU le 31/12/2011”.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kfZ0-DMlwgY/UWAHxhJhXYI/AAAAAAAAG9A/- DHs2WQws3A/s400/A+5+002.jpg : “BIENVENUE KARIBU - PREMIER JOUR des TIMBRES METROPOLITAINS. MAMOUDZOU le 1/01/2012”.

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http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- G04CKoKLTtk/UmmQyPPYGeI/AAAAAAAA41g/xu3V56oi0jo/s640/Mayotte+TAD++.tiff : “Les timbres de Mayotte auront toujours valeur d’affranchissement sans limitation de temps …. Ils pourront être utilisés pour des affranchissements dit « mixte » (TP de France + TP de Mayotte) à la condition que le tarif en vigueur soit respecté”.

https://coverspostcardsworldwide.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/mayotte02.jpg

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“After 2011, no own stamps issued by Mayotte postal services, now use French stamps with and without over printing as Mayotte”, and “This is my first airmail cover from Mayotte, .. The cover posted from Mt.Tsangamouji, on September 17, 2013 and I received on October 16, 2013”. Postmark Mtsangamouji .

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https://1.bp.blogspot.com/- EKdU8tAefPo/WeSkDS6x_rI/AAAAAAAAFsA/fK39_NuHFMA8yIAV2aAXyRmFk0X0U1lBACLcBGAs/s640 /MAYOTTE%2B2.jpg; Postmark Mamoudzou

https://2.bp.blogspot.com/- zh1ntriLUq4/WeSkFsKZIxI/AAAAAAAAFsQ/tlxkoQvLF5QlEfyzfvZAVrbm9TUVFSz- wCLcBGAs/s640/MAYOTTE%2B6.jpg

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http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hkF8AHjoU2g/UWL- 0z0zsFI/AAAAAAAAHD4/B4HCzM_eecY/s400/A+6+002.jpg: “MTZAMBORO le 17/1/2012; AFFRANCHISSEMENT MIXTE FRANCE – MAYOTTE”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0dSN5xt57wE/UWQ7rCw1FlI/AAAAAAAAHKQ/1S- M5Pj_gRo/s400/A+12+001.jpg: “Petite - Terre le 23/4/2012; AFFRANCHISSEMENT MIXTE FRANCE – MAYOTTE”.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1geEuKhiRwE/UWQ7zoIRh0I/AAAAAAAAHK4/- O61CKMivlg/s400/A+19+001.jpg: “BT Détachement de Légion Etrangère de Mayotte - Camerone 2012; PETITE - TERRE le 30/4/2012”.

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http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_0HUCzZ1RIA/UWRVGQ8oHCI/AAAAAAAAHLo/- zkxtzJw_Uk/s400/A+4+004.jpg: “SADA le 8/3/2012; AFFRANCHISSEMENT MIXTE FRANCE – MAYOTTE”.

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3 Postmarks of Mayotte illustrated in this APH, and in APH34

Chapter > APH 35: Ch1 APH34 APH34 APH34 APH 35: Ch2 Ch2 Ch4 Ch5 Mayotte Acoua 2001 Bandrele 1996, ’97, 2008, ‘09 Boueni (De 1996, ‘97 Boueni) Chiconi 2010 Chirongui 1996, ’97, 2006, ‘10 Corr d’armes 1894 Mayotte Coconi 1996, ’97, 2007, ‘10 Combani 1994, ’97, 2002, ‘09 Dembeni 1995, ’96, ’97, 2006, ’07, ‘10 D’zaoudzi 1881, ’89, ‘90, ’91, 1910 1914, ’44, 1950, 1975, ’76, ’77, ‘80, ’82, ’95, ’45, ’48, ’50, ’52, ‘55 ’86, ’89, ’90, ’91, ’92, ’51 ’95, ’96, Dzoumogne 1996, ’97, ‘98 Kani Kéli 1996, ’97, ‘992002, ‘11 Koungou 1998 Mamoudzou or 1951, 1977, ’78, ’79, ’91, ’96, Mamoutzou ‘53, ‘74 ’97, 2007, ‘09, ‘11, ’12, ‘13 Mamoudzou- 1996, ’97, 2011 Kaweni Mayotte 1864, ’68, ’70,’73, ’74, ’76, ’77, ’78, ’81, ‘89 Mirereni 1904 M’tsangamouji 1995, ’97, 2013 Mtzamboro 1996, ’97, ’98, 2011, ‘12 Mzouazia 1996 Ouangani 1995, ‘97 Pamandzi 1996, ’97, ’98, 2010 Passamainti 1995, ’97, 2007 Petite Terre 2010, ‘12 Poroani 1996, ‘97 Sada 1996, ’97, 2012 Tsingoni 1996, ‘97

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Between 1912 and 1950 (and particularly between 1912 and 1916) many Madagascar postmarks can be found on postage stamps of the four postal zones of the Comores, including Mayotte (see APH34).

According to https://www.horaireslaposte.com/bureaux-la-poste-mayotte-976, Mayotte currently (2018) has the following post offices:

“Les principales villes avec une Poste Mayotte (976) Mamoudzou

Tous les bureaux de Poste Mayotte (976) La Poste Acoua La Poste Bandraboua Dzoumogne La Poste Chirongui La Poste Coconi La Poste De Boueni La Poste Dembeni La Poste Dzaoudzi Labattoir La Poste Kani Keli La Poste Koungou La Poste Mamoudzou Hopital La Poste Mamoudzou Kaweni La Poste Mamoudzou Mtsapere La Poste Mamoudzou Passamainti La Poste Mtzamboro Mtsamboro La Poste Ouangani La Poste Pamandzi La Poste Pamandzi Aeroport La Poste Sada La Poste Tsingoni Combani La Poste Bandrele”

[Also see Annex 1]

According to http://www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie/cinderella.htm, there have been the following post offices, with their own postmarks:

“Mayotte post offices having at least one postmark (period 1990-2003): Accoua, Bandraboua (closed aroud 1993), Bandrele, Boueni, Chiconi, Chirongui (open in 1988), Coconi (open in 1992), Combani (open in 1992), Dembeni (open in 1992), Dzaoudzi (closed on 31st December 1996), Dzoumogne (open in 1992), Kani-Kele (also a postmark Kani-Keli), Koungou (closed on 31st December 1998), Mamoudzou, Mamoudzou Service Postal, Mamoudzou-Kaweni (open in 1995), Mtzamboro (open in 1988), M’tsangamouji, M’zouazia, Ouangani, Pamandzi (open in 1996), Passamainti (open in 1994), Poroani, Sada (open in 1988), Tsingoni”.

They added the following information about the post 1975 postal history:

“The evolution of Mayotte since 1975

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Mayotte Island has also undergone a blockade from the Comoros authorities, just after the independence events in 1975, as it has refused to join the three other islands, preferring to stay under the French administration. One well-known philatelic consequence of this blockade is the temporary lack of 10 fc and 50 fc stamps in Mayotte post-offices between December 1975 and February 1976. The solution to this stamps shortage, adopted by the island prefect Younoussa Bamana, was to cut the remaining 20 fc, 100 fc and 200 fc stamps in 2 or 4 parts. It concerns around 1.000 pieces, from 5 different stamps, made in two stages (17th December 1975 and 16th January 1976)…

The French franc has replaced the Comorian franc in Mayotte in the last days of February 1976, until the coming of the euro currency (€) at the same date as in France (1st January 2002).

The administrative and legal situations of Mayotte in the last quarter of the 20th century (“territorial community”) were an original mixing of different origins, including the Muslim right still predominant, and also some laws from the colonial period. Nowadays, Mayotte gets clearly involved in the direction of a pure French subdivision called “département”, completely integrated to the European Union. Hence, the present political discussion in Mayotte concerns for instance the ways and delay to stop the polygamy.

In the philatelic point of view, the “territorial community” of Mayotte has adopted the French stamps from March 1976 to the 31st December 1996. Then, the Mayotte postal authorities ..have issued their own stamps from 1997.. However, during a period of three months between the 2nd January and 29th March 1997, the using of both French and Mayotte stamp was authorized in the island… Since 1997, Mayotte issues around 12 stamps every year, depicting exclusively local subjects.

The number of post-offices has gradually increased in the two last decades, reaching now about twenty (with three different post-office classes).. b) A variety of overprint on "Marianne" stamps (2003)

It seems that a postal service in mayotte made, in autumn 2003, a local overprint "MAYOTTE" on the French Marianne 0.02 € and 0.05 € stamps due to a temporary lack of these values. This local overprint is much larger than the normal "mayotte" printed in France. These stamps were sold exclusively in the Mayotte post offices”.

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4 A Note on Sources

For illustrations of the postage stamps of Mayotte a lot of use was made of Daniel Allançon´s http://marcophiliedaniel.blogspot.com/2013/01/archipel-des-comores-larchipel-des.html (with illustrations visible as http://1.bp.blogspot.com , http://2.bp.blogspot.com, http://3.bp.blogspot.com, and http://4.bp.blogspot.com) , and Olivier Bergossi ´s website www.comores-online.com/collections/philatelie . He is also the initiator of http://stamps-africa.com. Many images of postage stamps were copied from the ‘stampworld’ data online (https://www.stampworld.com; and https://swmedia-4cd6.kxcdn.com/media/catalogue) , and occasionally of postbeeld-data (https://www.freestampcatalogue.nl/, and https://www.postbeeld.com, made by Rob Smit and his team in Haarlem), as well as other online catalogues (http://kayatana.com , and https://assets.catawiki.nl) . Public auction websites are important sources of online information too, mainly Ebay and Delcampe (https://i.ebayimg.com, https://www.ebay.fr , and https://images-01.delcampe-static.net, and others) .

For postmarks, postage stamps on letters, and special stamps the online sources of auction houses and commercial stampdealers have been indispensable2 , as well as sources of stamp collectors (like the French http://colfra.org , and http://www.histoire-et-philatelie.fr , the German https://philaseiten.wavecdn.net 3. Post-historical information was found on http://www.stampworldhistory.com , and for the second world war and related topics also on http://www.histoire-et-philatelie.fr.

For more general information Wikipedia is of course a very useful source (https://en.wikipedia.org , https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia, and https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki .

Specific websites about (postal history of) Mayotte as part of the Comores are: http://www.comores- online.com/collections/philatelie , as well as others, like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Mayotte .

Postal images can be found on many online image websites, like https://i.pinimg.com , https://www.picclickimg.com , and https://www.hipstamp.com .

2 Like: http://stampauctionnetwork.com, https://www.rhonephilatelie.fr , http://www.behr.fr, http://www.marsanoux-philatelie.fr , http://www.maison-timbre.fr, http://caphila.free.fr, http://pluq59.free.fr, https://www.foxtimbre.com, https://www.philatelie91.fr/, https://www.roumet.com, https://www.sandafayre.com , https://www.stanleygibbons.com , http://stampmall.com.au , https://www.cherrystonestamps.com , https://www.davidfeldman.com, http://www.kelleherauctions.com, http://pictures.auktionen-gaertner.de, http://www.jennes-und-kluettermann.de, https://i.burda-auction.cz , http://www.harmerschau.com, https://cdn.verbolia.com, https://www.philbansner.com/postalstamps, http://www.apfelbauminc.com, https://www.linns.com, https://cdn.verbolia.com , https://www.postcardman.net, https://cdn.philasearch.com, https://www.stamp-one.com and https://www.stampworld.com (of Paradise Valley Stamp Company USA) . 3 And others, like http://www.stampboards.com , http://img.collectorcircuit.com , https://www.stampcommunity.org,, https://www.mountainstamp.com, https://i.colnect.net , http://www.webtimbres.com, http://p1.philaworld.de, http://www.sammler.com, https://worldwidecovers.files.wordpress.com , https://coverspostcardsworldwide.files.wordpress.com , and some blogspots like http://bigblue1840-1940.blogspot.com. 112

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Other information about the postal history and postage stamps of Mayotte can be found in books, of which the contents are not (yet) online. An important recent source of information is Olivier Bergossi’s “Comores Indépendentes – Mayotte. Histoire Postale et Philatelie, 1975-2015”: http://www.comores-online.com/portal/index.php/fr/article-fr/7-comores-et-mayotte-histoire- postale-et-philatelie-1975-2015

http://www.comores-online.com/portal/images/Comores_et_Mayotte_philatlie_1975-2015_OB.jpg

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Annex 1 Postmarks used Mayotte after 1975, according to Olivier Bergossi’s ‘Histoire Postale et Philatélie Comores Indépendantes – Mayotte’

See: Olivier Bergossi (2016), ‘Comores Indépendantes – Mayotte; Histoire Postale et Philatélie, pp. 235-336, ‘Chapitre IV, Marcophilie mahoraise’, years indicated are years with a postmark illustration in the book. In the early years the postmarks indicated ’98 Mayotte’, soon followed by ‘976 Mayotte’.

Olivier Bergossi: Comores Indépendantes – Mayotte. Histoire Postale et Philatélie 1975-2015. Paris: Col.Fra , 2016, p. 243: Figure IV-1-4: réseau routier principal et emplacement des bureaux de poste à Mayotte (2015). Fond de carte: “Cartes et Images”- http://johan.lemarchand.free.fr. ZI Kawéni : zone

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industrielle de Mamoudzou-Kawéni. X : anciens bureaux de Chingoni (Tsingoni) et Miréréni, fermés au début du XXème siècle.

Olivier Bergossi, p. 238: Figure IV-1-2 : déploiement du réseau postal mahorais vers 2010. Source: La Poste. A Mamoudzou-Kawéni, il est indiquéun Centre Courier et Tri (CCT).

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Post Office/Postmark Start/Duration of Post Office, Illustrations in Olivier Bergossi’s and Type (*) book Acoua ?><2004 [C, first under 1997, 2002 Mtzamboro] Bandraboua ? 1992 Bandrélé (-APC) ? [A] <2004 1997, 2000, ’09, ‘12 Bouyouni 1995, = Dzoumogné postmark [C] Bouéni(-AP) ?><2004 [A] 1997, ’98, 2001, ’02, ‘15 Chembényoumba = M’Tsangamouji postmark [C] Chiconi (APC) ?> [C with postmark)<2004 1988, ’98, 2001, ’03, ’11, ‘12 Chirongui (-CDIS) ? [Type ?] 1989, 2005, ’09, ’11, ‘14 Choungui ? [C] Coconi 1992> [B] 1993, 2002, ’05, ’10, ‘13 Combani 1992> [B] 1992, ’96, ’98, 2000, ’02, ’05, ‘11 Dembéni 1992> [B] 1992, ’98, 2000, ’01, ’05, ’11, ‘12 Dzaoudzi 1861-1996 [Main post office 1975, ’76, ’77, ’80, ’85, ’86, ’87, during pre-1975 years] ’88, ’90, ’91, ’92, ’96, ‘99 Dzaoudzi-Labattoir 2011> [Type ?] 2011, ‘16 Dzoumogné 1992 [B] 1992, ’98, 2002, ’05, ’12, ’13, ‘15 Handréma 1995 = Dzoumogné postmark [C] Kani-Kélé/Kéli ?> [A] 1992, ’97, ’99, 2012, ‘14 Kounjou ? 1997, ’98, 2012, ‘13 Labattoir = Petite Terre Mamoutzou/Mamoudzou (also: 1963> [B] 1980, ’83,’85, ’90, ’91, ’92, ’93, ‘Service des Postes’ and ’96, ‘97, ’98, 2002, ‘04, ’05, ’09, ‘Service Postal’) ’10, ’11, ‘12 Mamoudzou-Kaweni 1995> [B] 1995, ’97, ’98, 2004, ’05, ’09, ’11, ’12, ’13, ‘14 M(‘)tsangamouji ?><2004 + reopened (year?) [A] 1997, ’98, 2000, ’13, ‘14 Mtsapere BP 2014 [Type?] 2014, ‘15 Mtzamboro 1988 [B] 1993, ’97, ’98, ’99, 2009 Mutsamudu ? [in Mayotte] [C] M(‘)zouazia ? [C with postmark]<2004 1996, ’98, 2001 Ouangani ?> [A] <2004 1997, ‘98 Pamandzi(-AP) 1996 [B] 1996, 2002, ’03, ’05, ’07, ’09, ’10, ‘15 Passamainti/Passamaïnty 1994 [B] 1997, ‘98, 2003, ‘11 Passi-Kéli ? [C] Petite Terre ? [Type?] 2011, ’12, ’13, ‘15 Poroani (Proani) ?> [A]<2004 1997, 2001 Sada 1988> [B] 1997, 2001, ’05, ‘11 Sohoa 1996, = Chiconi [C] Tsingoni ?> [A] <2004 1993, ’99, 2001, ’02, ‘04

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(*) Type [from 1996 onwards] : A = Agence Postale ; B = Bureau de Plein Exercise [most important category]; C = Correspondant Postal, some with own postmarks.

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