DOCSLIB.ORG

Extraordinariscourante

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Extraordinariscourante 8 Extraordinaris Courante Amsterdam, 1631 The final years of the 1620s saw a reversal of fortunes in Hilten and Broer Jansz (dated largely from 1626 to 1635), the Eighty Years’ War. Under the military leadership of contains one issue of the Extraordinaris Courante, pub- Stadhouder Frederick Henry, Dutch armies gained succes- lished by Vander Plasse. sive victories against Habsburg forces at Grol, Wesel, Den Dated from 6 November 1631, its full title reads Extraor- Bosch, the Slaak, Venlo, Roermond and Maastricht.1 The dinaris Courante of seckere schryven uyt Ceulen, Den 30. momentum of the Spanish advance of the early 1620s was October. 1631 (Extraordinary newspaper, or particular writ- at an end. At the same time, the tide was turning in the ings from Cologne, 30 October, 1631). This issue is unnum- Thirty Years’ War across the Holy Roman Empire.2 The bered, and is printed on the recto of a half-sheet folio only. entry of Sweden in 1630 would lead to a series of Protestant The news is presented in two columns, as was the case successes, inspiring celebrations and improving morale with the Amsterdam weeklies, but the black letter typeface throughout Protestant Europe. used is much larger than that of the established newspa- The shifting fortunes of Europe’s great conflicts were pers of Van Hilten and Jansz. In total, the issue contains reflected by the contrasting fortunes of newspapermen in around 500 words, meagre in comparison to the double- Amsterdam and Antwerp. Abraham Verhoeven’s business sided Saturday weeklies featuring circa 1,800 words. The entered a downward spiral from 1629 onwards, and the title and content of the publication suggest that this is a Antwerp newsman faded away by the end of 1634.3 In the special issue; the question remains whether this is a one- north, matters were wholly different. Although the rapid off publication, an “extraordinary” without an overarching growth of the Amsterdam news market was still several periodical venture. years away, it was clear that change was on the horizon. In The Extraordinaris Courante contains one report, from the first years of the 1630s, the two established Amsterdam Cologne. It details the state of war in the Holy Roman weeklies diversified and expanded their sources of news. Empire, describing the extraordinary success of Gus- Undoubtedly spurred on by the rising success of the Dutch tavus Adolphus following the battle of Breitenfeld, fought Republic, the publishers of the Courante uyt Italien and against a superior Habsburg force on 17 September 1631. the Tijdinghen uyt verscheyde Quartieren, Jan van Hilten The report, dated a month and a half after this momen- (c. 1602–1655) and Broer Jansz (1579–1652), entered a pros- tous engagement, narrates how the Swedish king has con- perous period, leaving behind the more testing, uncertain quered “all of Württemberg and Bamberg”. He has also time of their early years as courantiers in the 1610s and taken Würzburg, where he has found grain for his troops, 1620s.4 and taken forty-two pieces of ordnance. The city paid the Around 1631 the two established ventures were joined Swedes 400,000 florins, and they gathered up further sums in the news market by a third Amsterdam proprietor. of 200,000 and 150,000 florins in other unspecified places. This was Cornelis Lodewijksz vander Plasse (1585–1641), a The report describes how the Habsburg forces had bookseller and publisher living at the bourse, in the “Ital- regrouped after Breitenfeld: generals Tilly, Aldringen and iaensche bybel” (Italian bible).5 The Koninklijke Biblio- Fugger retained 25,000 infantry and 12,000 cavalry under theek in The Hague contains the only surviving record of their command, and they caused “great damage to villages his new enterprise. Classmark KW 341 A 1, a volume com- and cities, which they burn to ashes and where they mur- posed of over 400 issues of the newspapers of Jan van der and burn.” The Swedish army brought swift retribu- tion: when the two armies met in the field, the Imperial 1 Jonathan I. Israel, The Dutch Republic and the Hispanic World, 1606– army experienced a second crushing defeat. According to 1661 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 162–196. the report, the Imperial Habsburg forces lost 9,000 men 2 For a good overview, see Peter H. Wilson, The Thirty Years War: in this new battle, including many officers, the comman- Europe’s Tragedy (Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press, 2009). der Count Tserclaes of Tilly and the Duke of Lorraine; the 3 See chapter 9. 4 See chapters 1–2. Swedes also captured 132 cannon and more than 100 field 5 ‘Cornelis Lodewijksz vander Plasse, Uitgever te Amsterdam, 1612– artillery pieces, as well as 365 wagons and 600 horses. 1641’, in Verkruijsse (ed.), Project Amsterdamse drukkers. See also This second battle never took place. While the Swedes Kleerkooper and Van Stockum, Boekhandel, p. 565. did advance further into the German heartland, taking 440 8. extraordinaris courante Frankfurt and Mainz before the end of the year, the Impe- printed by numerous printers: these included Broer Jansz, rial troops retreated through Westphalia, regrouping with- publisher of the Tijdinghen uyt verscheyde Quartieren, and out suffering another major defeat.6 Tilly’s death was fre- Joris Veseler (c. 1589–1624), the printer of the Courante uyt quently reported in 1631, and Dutch readers had already Italien until 1624.9 learned of his death at the battle of Breitenfeld at the end It is these connections with the Amsterdam newspa- of September.7 In fact, Tilly was not to die until 1632; but permen which is key to deciphering the publication of with the extraordinary success of the Swedish forces in the Extraordinaris Courante. While Vander Plasse was not 1631, rumours of Tilly’s demise were all too plausible in a true newsman himself, the heightened news demand these months. in the Protestant Dutch Republic and endless rumours While the news content and the political context of the and reports emanating from the German front combined Extraordinaris Courante may suggest that this was indeed to create a tempting market for a flourishing publisher a one-off publication designed to target the burgeoning like Vander Plasse. It is likely that the Extraordinaris news market, the publishing career of Vander Plasse would Courante was printed by Broer Jansz, in association with suggest the contrary. Cornelis Lodewijksz vander Plasse and financed by Vander Plasse. Such a partnership could was a prolific publisher, active since 1611, established at the rely on Broer Jansz’s established distribution network, and heart of Amsterdam’s information centre, the bourse.8 He allow Vander Plasse to make a decent profit in a part of was a specialist in literary publications, responsible for the the book trade in which he had not previously been much publications of many plays by contemporary Dutch play- involved. I consider it probable that the Extraordinaris wrights Samuel Coster and Gerbrand Bredero, as well as Courante was not the only issue published in this manner more traditional bestsellers, such as the works of Amadis by Vander Plasse in 1631. It therefore deserves a place in of Gaul. Vander Plasse also published various works of this bibliography; both as a likely temporary news serial, music, and engaged himself in the almanac and Bible and as evidence of the dynamism of the Protestant news trade—both profitable markets. Vander Plasse enjoyed sphere dominated by Amsterdam in the first half of the extensive connections in Amsterdam, and his works were seventeenth century. 6 Wilson, Thirty Years War, p. 476. 7 Copie van een Brief uyt Francfort, geschreven op den xxv. September Nieuwen-stijl, aen een gheloofweerdigh Koopman tot Wesel, per Poste ghesonden (s.l., s.n., 1631), USTC 1515802. 9 ‘Cornelis Lodewijksz vander Plasse’, in Project Amsterdamse druk- 8 Kleerkooper and Van Stockum Boekhandel, p. 565. kers..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Staff Working Paper No. 845 Eight Centuries of Global Real Interest Rates, R-G, and the ‘Suprasecular’ Decline, 1311–2018 Paul Schmelzing
    CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007 CODE OF PRACTICE 2007
    [Show full text]
  • Stony Brook University
    SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... Invasions, Insurgency and Interventions: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark 1654 - 1658. A Dissertation Presented by Christopher Adam Gennari to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University May 2010 Copyright by Christopher Adam Gennari 2010 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Christopher Adam Gennari We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Ian Roxborough – Dissertation Advisor, Professor, Department of Sociology. Michael Barnhart - Chairperson of Defense, Distinguished Teaching Professor, Department of History. Gary Marker, Professor, Department of History. Alix Cooper, Associate Professor, Department of History. Daniel Levy, Department of Sociology, SUNY Stony Brook. This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School """"""""" """"""""""Lawrence Martin "" """""""Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation Invasions, Insurgency and Intervention: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark. by Christopher Adam Gennari Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2010 "In 1655 Sweden was the premier military power in northern Europe. When Sweden invaded Poland, in June 1655, it went to war with an army which reflected not only the state’s military and cultural strengths but also its fiscal weaknesses. During 1655 the Swedes won great successes in Poland and captured most of the country. But a series of military decisions transformed the Swedish army from a concentrated, combined-arms force into a mobile but widely dispersed force.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 6 Advertising
    Part 6 Advertising ∵ Arthur der Weduwen - 9789004362871 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 07:22:49AM via free access <UN> Arthur der Weduwen - 9789004362871 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 07:22:49AM via free access chapter �0 From Piety to Profit: The Development of Newspaper Advertising in the Dutch Golden Age Arthur der Weduwen Johann Hermann Knoop (1706–1769), a gardener at the court of the Frisian Stadhouder, was a bestselling author of guidebooks on horticulture, mathe- matics and astrology.1 His weakness was drink, and he spiralled into poverty by 1758.2 Abraham Ferwerda (1716–1783), the first newspaper proprietor in the Fri- sian capital, Leeuwarden, came to his rescue. In order to boost the readership of his bi-weekly Leeuwarder Courant (1752–), Ferwerda made use of Knoop’s expertise as a handbook-writer. He employed Knoop to write a short tract: the Kort Onderwys, hoedanig men de Couranten best lezen en gebruiken kan (Brief education, on how one can best read and use newspapers). This was a small guide which praised the virtues of reading a newspaper: it argued that any individual would improve their standing, knowledge and education through the regular consumption of a newspaper.3 Towards the end of his handbook, Knoop also touched on the many benefits of newspaper advertising: The newspaper not only serves to highlight news and reports of foreign occurrences, but also to notify the inhabitants of a country or pr ovince … of public affairs which could be of interest to many sorts of people, and who would, without newspapers, not be aware of these things … such as advertisements or notifications for the sale or rent of dwellings, houses, fields, farms, gardens, cows, oxen, horses, sheep, books, &c., prices of grain, bread, butter, cheese, meat, bacon and a hundred other things which concern general society or the communality, and which are 1 The Short Title Catalogue Netherlands (http://picarta.pica.nl, accessed 26 April 2017) records 40 editions under his name between 1744 and 1790.
    [Show full text]
  • Puritan New England: Plymouth
    Puritan New England: Plymouth A New England for Puritans The second major area to be colonized by the English in the first half of the 17th century, New England, differed markedly in its founding principles from the commercially oriented Chesapeake tobacco colonies. Settled largely by waves of Puritan families in the 1630s, New England had a religious orientation from the start. In England, reform-minded men and women had been calling for greater changes to the English national church since the 1580s. These reformers, who followed the teachings of John Calvin and other Protestant reformers, were called Puritans because of their insistence on purifying the Church of England of what they believed to be unscriptural, Catholic elements that lingered in its institutions and practices. Many who provided leadership in early New England were educated ministers who had studied at Cambridge or Oxford but who, because they had questioned the practices of the Church of England, had been deprived of careers by the king and his officials in an effort to silence all dissenting voices. Other Puritan leaders, such as the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, came from the privileged class of English gentry. These well-to-do Puritans and many thousands more left their English homes not to establish a land of religious freedom, but to practice their own religion without persecution. Puritan New England offered them the opportunity to live as they believed the Bible demanded. In their “New” England, they set out to create a model of reformed Protestantism, a new English Israel. The conflict generated by Puritanism had divided English society because the Puritans demanded reforms that undermined the traditional festive culture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Burney Newspapers at the British Library
    Gale Primary Sources Start at the source. The Burney Newspapers at the British Library Moira Goff British Library Various source media, 17th and 18th Century Burney Newspapers Collection EMPOWER™ RESEARCH The collection widely known as the Burney Newspapers Extent of the Collection is now kept among the British Library’s extensive Following their acquisition by the British Museum holdings of early printed books at St Pancras, London. Library, Burney’s newspapers were amalgamated with At its heart is the library of the Reverend Dr Charles others already in the collection (including some once Burney, acquired by the British Museum following his belonging to Sir Hans Sloane, on whose library the death in 1817. The Burney Newspapers comprise the British Museum had been founded in 1753). Burney had most comprehensive collection of early English arranged his collection of newspapers not by title but newspapers anywhere in the world, providing an by date—which presumably helped his own research, unparalleled resource for students and researchers. but made access difficult for later users. As such, the Newspapers are among the most ephemeral issues of a number of different newspapers for a productions of the printing press, and digitisation particular date were grouped together, and were reveals the immense range of this unique collection, usually bound in annual volumes. Later in the 18th while making its content fully accessible for the first century, when many newspapers were being published time. simultaneously, several volumes were needed to cover a single year. However, some issues were arranged by title and then by date within the annual volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Het Muiderslot Het
    Het Muiderslot Het Muiderslot - Beleef zeven eeuwen geschiedenis in het echt! Het Muiderslot heeft de afgelopen zeven eeuwen heel wat meegemaakt: van ridders, graaf Floris, samenzweringen, slimme bouwtrucs en martelingen tot literaire feesten, P.C. Hooft, dichters en Het Muiderslot kunstenaars, vrolijk gezang, oorlogen, overstromingen, sloop en renovatie en de geleidelijke groei naar een volwaardig Rijksmuseum. Lees over de vele indrukwekkende hoogte- en dieptepunten in de roerige Beleef zeven eeuwen geschiedenis in het echt! geschiedenis van dit mooiste middeleeuwse kasteel van Nederland. Beleef zeven eeuwen geschiedenis in het geschiedenis eeuwen echt! Beleef zeven www.muiderslot.nl Annick Huijbrechts & Yvonne Molenaar Het Muiderslot Beleef zeven eeuwen geschiedenis in het echt! Annick Huijbrechts & Yvonne Molenaar © 2013 Stichting Rijksmuseum Muiderslot Colofon Partners Auteur: Annick Huijbrechts (Turtle Art) Deze uitgave is mogelijk gemaakt met steun van: Tekst- en beeldinbreng: Yvonne Molenaar Tekstredactie: Ida Schuurman Vormgeving: Endeloos Grafisch Ontwerp Fotografie: Mike Bink, Kropot en Endeloos Grafisch Ontwerp © 2013 Stichting Rijksmuseum Muiderslot 0 Inleiding: de roerige geschiedenis van het Muiderslot 5 Zeven eeuwen vol trots, tragiek en temperament 1 Floris de Vijfde – de held van het volk 8 Grondlegger van het Muiderslot 2 Het mooiste middeleeuwse kasteel van Nederland 14 De bouw van het Muiderslot Inhoud 3 Vernuftig bouwwerk vol onaangename verrassingen 19 Muiderslot als verdedigingsburcht 4 Er was eens… een romantisch
    [Show full text]
  • Literature of the Low Countries
    Literature of the Low Countries A Short History of Dutch Literature in the Netherlands and Belgium Reinder P. Meijer bron Reinder P. Meijer, Literature of the Low Countries. A short history of Dutch literature in the Netherlands and Belgium. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague / Boston 1978 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/meij019lite01_01/colofon.htm © 2006 dbnl / erven Reinder P. Meijer ii For Edith Reinder P. Meijer, Literature of the Low Countries vii Preface In any definition of terms, Dutch literature must be taken to mean all literature written in Dutch, thus excluding literature in Frisian, even though Friesland is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in the same way as literature in Welsh would be excluded from a history of English literature. Similarly, literature in Afrikaans (South African Dutch) falls outside the scope of this book, as Afrikaans from the moment of its birth out of seventeenth-century Dutch grew up independently and must be regarded as a language in its own right. Dutch literature, then, is the literature written in Dutch as spoken in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the so-called Flemish part of the Kingdom of Belgium, that is the area north of the linguistic frontier which runs east-west through Belgium passing slightly south of Brussels. For the modern period this definition is clear anough, but for former times it needs some explanation. What do we mean, for example, when we use the term ‘Dutch’ for the medieval period? In the Middle Ages there was no standard Dutch language, and when the term ‘Dutch’ is used in a medieval context it is a kind of collective word indicating a number of different but closely related Frankish dialects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colleges in Siena and Montepulciano (1550S–1620S)
    chapter 5 The Colleges in Siena and Montepulciano (1550s–1620s) The “Jesuits” arrived in Siena and its surrounding region before the Society of Jesus was founded, and before their appearance in any other major Tuscan city. Still, they did not open a college in the region until assured of the safety of the one in Florence, and of the conquest of Republic of Siena. This was in keeping with both Medici and Jesuit strategies: it concentrated on urban areas (as the Society preferred), while favoring the most important city of the duchy and helping to subjugate the territory now under ducal power.1 In 1556–57, Diego Laínez, who was at the time vicar general of the Society of Jesus, worked with Fulvio Androzzi and Louis de Coudret, both of whom were former rectors of San Giovannino, as well as several interested Sienese and Florentine parties, to open the Collegio di Siena.2 The initial concerns were predictable. The Jesuits needed money, and, as Laínez admitted, they hoped the ruling family would supply it.3 In addition, Siena was home to known heretics; both the Medici and the Society wanted to stamp out those troublemakers. Meanwhile, in Montepulciano, Polanco, Laínez, and the rectors of Florence acted as they had in Siena, cooperating with several enthusiastic local nobles and capitalizing on the failure of an attempted foundation in Gubbio. In each case, small urban settings, financial difficulties, and local resistance to interference from both a new religious order and a new secular government combined to create strug- gling institutions which sought to transform the religious landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Alleged Use of Keplerian Telescopes in Naples in the 1610S
    On the Alleged Use of Keplerian Telescopes in Naples in the 1610s By Paolo Del Santo Museo Galileo: Institute and Museum of History of Science – Florence (Italy) Abstract The alleged use of Keplerian telescopes by Fabio Colonna (c. 1567 – 1640), in Naples, since as early as October 1614, as claimed in some recent papers, is shown to be in fact untenable and due to a misconception. At the 37th Annual Conference of the Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell'Astronomia (Italian Society of the Historians of Physics and Astronomy, SISFA), held in Bari in September 2017, Mauro Gargano gave a talk entitled Della Porta, Colonna e Fontana e le prime osservazioni astronomiche a Napoli. This contribution, which appeared in the Proceedings of the Conference (Gargano, 2019a), was then followed by a paper —actually, very close to the former, which, in turn, is very close to a previous one (Gargano, 2017)— published, in the same year, in the Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (Gargano, 2019b). In both of these writings, Gargano claimed that the Neapolitan naturalist Fabio Colonna (c. 1567 – 1640), member of the Accademia dei Lincei, would have made observations with a so-called “Keplerian” or “astronomical” telescope (i.e. with converging eyepiece), in the early autumn of 1614. The events related to the birth and development of Keplerian telescope —named after Johannes Kepler, who theorised this optical configuration in his Dioptrice, published in 1611— are complex and not well-documented, and their examination lies beyond the scope of this paper. However, from a historiographical point of view, the news that someone was already using such a configuration since as early as autumn 1614 for astronomical observations, if true, would have not negligible implications, which Gargano himself does not seem to realize.
    [Show full text]
  • Unique Finds from the Early 17Th-Century Swedish Warship Vasa
    Common people’s clothing in a military context - Unique finds from the early 17th-century Swedish warship Vasa. Anna Silwerulv Vasa Museum, Sweden Abstract Soldiers in the Thirty Years War (1618 – 1648) commonly wore their everyday clothing as uniforms in the modern sense were still rare. Little is known about their gear, since garments from common people are rarely preserved or detailed in paintings and historical sources. The Swedish warship Vasa sank 1628 in Stockholm harbour. The ship was raised in 1961 and about 12,000 fragments of textiles and leather from clothing, shoes, accessories and personal possessions were recovered. The Swedish navy had not yet issued uniforms to their conscripted crews, which makes the finds unique as the largest collection of everyday clothing in a use context from its time. This paper will present preliminary results from the initial phase of a new research project focusing on these find groups, in which we seek knowledge about the objects themselves and what they can tell us about the social structures of both military and civilian society. Content The role of clothing in the military and the idea of uniforms in early 17th-century Europe The unique clothing finds on board the Swedish warship Vasa The Dress Project Methodology Preliminary results References The role of clothing in the military and the idea of uniforms in early 17th-century Europe. Clothes have always had a very important role to play in society. Their powerful visual languages have been used for centuries to express the wearer's personality and way of life as well as social and economic status in society.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweden in the Seventeenth Century
    Sweden in the Seventeenth Century Paul Douglas Lockhart Sweden in the Seventeenth Century European History in Perspective General Editor: Jeremy Black Benjamin Arnold Medieval Germany, 500–1300 Ronald Asch The Thirty Years’ War Christopher Bartlett Peace, War and the European Powers, 1814–1914 Robert Bireley The Refashioning of Catholicism, 1450–1700 Donna Bohanan Crown and Nobility in Early Modern France Arden Bucholz Moltke and the German Wars, 1864–1871 Patricia Clavin The Great Depression, 1929–1939 Paula Sutter Fichtner The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490–1848 Mark Galeotti Gorbachev and his Revolution David Gates Warfare in the Nineteenth Century Alexander Grab Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe Martin P. Johnson The Dreyfus Affair Paul Douglas Lockhart Sweden is the Seventeenth Century Peter Musgrave The Early Modern European Economy J.L. Price The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century A.W. Purdue The Second World War Christopher Read The Making and Breaking of the Soviet System Francisco J. Romero-Salvado Twentieth-Century Spain Matthew S. Seligmann and Roderick R. McLean Germany from Reich to Republic, 1871–1918 Brendan Simms The Struggle for Mastery in Germany, 1779–1850 David Sturdy Louis XIV David J. Sturdy Richelieu and Mazarin Hunt Tooley The Western Front Peter Waldron The End of Imperial Russia, 1855–1917 Peter G. Wallace The Long European Reformation James D. White Lenin Patrick Williams Philip II European History in Perspective Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71694–9 hardcover ISBN 0–333–69336–1 paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
    [Show full text]
  • Nowa Ojczyzna Dla Muz. Amsterdam W Siedemnastowiecznej Literaturze Niderlandzkiej
    terminus R. XI (2009) z. 1–2 (20–21) PIOtR Oczko (uj, Kraków) NOwa OjCZyZNa dla MuZ. aMsteRdaM w sIedeMNastOwIeCZNej lIteRatuRZe NIdeRlaNdZKIej Koniec XVI wieku to w Niderlandach czas wielkich przemian. trwa anty- habsburskie powstanie, w którym protestancka ludność Niderlandów wystę- puje przeciwko opresji swych hiszpańskich władców, fanatycznego katolika Filipa II i jego siostry Małgorzaty. Kraj pogrąża się w krwawej wojnie, która doprowadza do podziału Niderlandów na niezależną, protestancką część pół- nocną i katolicką, zależną od Hiszpanów część południową. Proklamowana w 1579 roku przez siedem protestanckich prowincji pół- nocnych unia utrechcka dała nie tylko podstawy dla powstania niezależnego państwa – Republiki Zjednoczonych Prowincji Niderlandów (zalążka dzisiej- szej Holandii), ale także doprowadziła do znaczącego przesunięcia ośrodków kulturalnych, w tym także literackich, z Południa na Północ. do XVII stulecia supremacja kulturowa i ekonomiczna Południa była bezsprzeczna – do wieku XVII bowiem większość literatury powstawała w dialektach południowoni- derlandzkich, w blasku dworu burgundzkiego rozkwitły Brugia i Gandawa, zaś antwerpia, jedno z największych i najwspanialszych miast ówczesnego świata, stanowiła największy w europie ośrodek handlowy. w Niderlandach Południowych kwitły liryka (Hendrik van Veldeke) i oparta na wzorcach francuskich epika rycersko-dworska, zaś epos zwierzęcy zyskał mistrzowską formę w opowieści o lisie Reinardzie. Rozwijała się buj- terminus1_2_2009.indb 161 2009-11-30 09:22:37 162 Piotr Oczko
    [Show full text]